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Hong H, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Jo C. Investigation of different cold adaptation abilities in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium strains using extracellular metabolomic approach. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00556-0. [PMID: 38977514 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the extracellular metabolomic responses of three different Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains-ATCC 13311 (STy1), NCCP 16964 (STy4), and NCCP 16958 (STy8)-cultured at refrigeration temperatures. The objective was to identify the survival mechanisms of S. Typhimurium under cold stress by analyzing variations in their metabolomic profiles. Qualitative and quantitative assessments identified significant metabolite alterations on day 6, marking a critical inflection point. Key metabolites such as trehalose, proline, glycerol, and tryptophan were notably upregulated in response to cold stress. Through multivariate analyses, the strains were distinguished using three metabolites-4-aminobutyrate, ethanol, and uridine-as potential biomarkers, underscoring distinct metabolic responses to refrigeration. Specifically, STy1 exhibited unique adaptive capabilities through enhanced metabolism of betaine and 4-aminobutyrate. These findings highlight the variability in adaptive strategies among S. Typhimurium strains, suggesting that certain strains may possess more robust metabolic pathways for enhancing survival in refrigerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
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Lv J, Geng L, Ye W, Gong S, Wu J, Ju T, Li L, Liu L, Zhang Y. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serotypes isolated from food, asymptomatic carriers, and clinical cases in Shiyan, China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301388. [PMID: 38722868 PMCID: PMC11081320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a primary cause of foodborne diseases globally. Despite food contamination and clinical infections garnering substantial attention and research, asymptomatic Salmonella carriers, potential sources of infection, have been comparatively overlooked. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and genetic profiles of archived Salmonella strains isolated from food (26), asymptomatic carriers (41), and clinical cases (47) in Shiyan City, China. Among the 114 Salmonella strains identified, representing 31 serotypes and 34 Sequence Types (STs), the most prevalent serovars included Typhimurium, Derby, Enteritidis, Thompson, and London, with the most predominant STs being ST11, ST40, ST26, ST34, and ST155. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that all strains were only sensitive to meropenem, with 74.6% showing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and 53.5% demonstrating multidrug resistance (MDR). Strains resistant to five and six classes of antibiotics were the most common. Pearson's chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of AMR (p = 0.105) or MDR (p = 0.326) among Salmonella isolates from the three sources. Our findings underscore associations and diversities among Salmonella strains isolated from food, asymptomatic carriers, and clinical patients, emphasizing the need for increased vigilance towards asymptomatic Salmonella carriers by authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lingjun Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wenlin Ye
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shide Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tingting Ju
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lanfang Liu
- Shiyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shiyan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Godínez-Oviedo A, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS, Hernández-Iturriaga M. Genomic analysis of the MLST population structure and antimicrobial resistance genes associated with Salmonella enterica in Mexico. Genome 2023; 66:319-332. [PMID: 37478495 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most commonly reported foodborne pathogens by public health agencies worldwide. In this study, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) population structure and frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were evaluated in S. enterica strains from Mexico (n = 2561). The most common sources of isolation were food (44.28%), environment (27.41%), animal-related (24.83%), and human (3.48%). The most prevalent serovars were Newport (8.51%), Oranienburg (7.03%), Anatum (5.78%), Typhimurium (5.12%), and Infantis (4.57%). As determined by the 7-gene MLST scheme, the most frequent sequence types were ST23, ST64, and ST32. The core genome MLST scheme identified 132 HC2000 and 195 HC900 hierarchical clusters, with the HC2000_2 cluster being the most prevalent in Mexico (n = 256). A total of 78 different AMR genes belonging to 13 antimicrobial classes were detected in 638 genomic assemblies of S. enterica. The most frequent class was aminoglycosides (31.76%), followed by tetracyclines (12.53%) and sulfonamides (11.91%). These results can help public health agencies in Mexico prioritize their efforts and resources to increase the genomic sequencing of circulating Salmonella strains. Additionally, they provide valuable information for local and global public health efforts to reduce the impact of foodborne diseases and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro C.P. 58893, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez," Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
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Chen K, Zhan Z, Li L, Li J, Zhou Z, Wang N, Sun D, Xu C, Chen P, Qu X, Liao M, Zhang J. BolA affects the biofilm formation ability, outer membrane permeability and virulence, thus is required for the adaptability of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium to the harsh survival environment. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127423. [PMID: 37295142 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, an important foodborne pathogen with high adaptability to the host's internal and external survival environment, seriously threatens public health. Therefore, to understand the mechanism underlying the high adaptability, this study investigated the transcription factor BolA by constructing BolA deletion strain 269△BolA, complemented strain 269BolAR and overexpression strain 269BolA+ based on WT269. BolA significantly inhibited motility; at 6 h, the BolA overexpression strain (269BolA+) showed 91.2% and 90.7% lower motility than the wild type (WT269) and BolA deletion strain (269△BolA), respectively, by downregulating motility-related flagellar genes. BolA promoted biofilm formation; 269BolA+ showed 3.6-fold and 5.2-fold higher biofilm formation ability than WT269 and 269ΔBolA, respectively, by upregulation biofilm formation-related genes. BolA overexpression downregulated the outer membrane gene OmpF and upregulated OmpC, thereby regulating cell permeability, and reducing the antibacterial effect of vancomycin, which can destruct the outer membrane. BolA improved adaptability; 269△BolA showed higher susceptibility to eight antibiotics and 2.5- and 4-fold lower acid and oxidative stress tolerance, respectively, than WT269. In Caco-2 and HeLa cells, 269△BolA showed 2.8- and 3-fold lower cell adhesion ability, respectively, and 4- and 2-fold lower cell invasion ability, respectively, than WT269, through downregulation of the virulence genes. Thus, BolA expression promotes biofilm formation and balances the membrane permeability, thereby improving the resistance of the strains, and enhances its host cell invasion ability by upregulating bacterial virulence factors. Results of this study suggest that the BolA gene may serve as a potential target of therapeutic or preventative strategies to control Salmonella Typhimurium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Chen
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhan
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lili Li
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhouping Zhou
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nanwei Wang
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dage Sun
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pengju Chen
- Henan Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Pye HV, Thilliez G, Acton L, Kolenda R, Al-Khanaq H, Grove S, Kingsley RA. Strain and serovar variants of Salmonella enterica exhibit diverse tolerance to food chain-related stress. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104237. [PMID: 36906307 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) continues to be a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Food manufacturers implement hurdle technology by combining more than one approach to control food safety and quality, including preservatives such as organic acids, refrigeration, and heating. We assessed the variation in survival in stresses of genotypically diverse isolates of Salmonella enterica to identify genotypes with potential elevated risk to sub-optimal processing or cooking. Sub-lethal heat treatment, survival in desiccated conditions and growth in the presence of NaCl or organic acids were investigated. S. Gallinarum strain 287/91 was most sensitive to all stress conditions. While none of the strains replicated in a food matrix at 4 °C, S. Infantis strain S1326/28 retained the greatest viability, and six strains exhibited a significantly reduced viability. A S. Kedougou strain exhibited the greatest resistance to incubation at 60 °C in a food matrix that was significantly greater than S. Typhimurium U288, S Heidelberg, S. Kentucky, S. Schwarzengrund and S. Gallinarum strains. Two isolates of monophasic S. Typhimurium, S04698-09 and B54Col9 exhibited the greatest tolerance to desiccation that was significantly more than for the S. Kentucky and S. Typhimurium U288 strains. In general, the presence of 12 mM acetic acid or 14 mM citric acid resulted in a similar pattern of decreased growth in broth, but this was not observed for S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium strains ST4/74 and U288 S01960-05. Acetic acid had a moderately greater effect on growth despite the lower concentration tested. A similar pattern of decreased growth was observed in the presence of 6% NaCl, with the notable exception that S. Typhimurium strain U288 S01960-05 exhibited enhanced growth in elevated NaCl concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah V Pye
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK; University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Gaёtan Thilliez
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK
| | - Luke Acton
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK; University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK
| | - Haider Al-Khanaq
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen Grove
- Nestlé Development Centre, Cannon Road, Solon, OH, USA; McCain Foods, 1 Tower Lane, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, James Watson Road, Norwich, UK; University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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6
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Guo L, Dai H, Feng S, Zhao Y. Contribution of GalU to biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic and serum resistance, and pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149541. [PMID: 37021122 PMCID: PMC10067927 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salmonella Typhimurium is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in China, resulting in major epidemics and economic losses in recent years. Uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase galU plays an important role in thebiosynthesis of the bacterial envelope. Herein, we evaluated the role of galU in S. Typhimurium infection in chicken. Methods A galU gene mutant was successfully constructed by red homologous recombination technology, and biological characteristics were studied. Results The galU mutant strain had a rough phenotype;was defective in biofilm formation, autoagglutination, and motility; exhibited greater sensitivity to most antibiotics, serum, and egg albumen; and had lowercapacity for adhesion to chicken embryo fibroblasts cell line (DF-1). The galU mutant showed dramatically attenuated pathogenicity in chicken embryos (100,000-fold), BALB/c mice (420-fold), and chicks (100-fold). Discussion The results imply that galU is an important virulence factor in the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium, and it may serve a target for the development of veterinary drugs, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huilin Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Saixiang Feng, ; Yongda Zhao,
| | - Yongda Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Saixiang Feng, ; Yongda Zhao,
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Gómez-Baltazar A, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Astiazaran-Garcia H, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, Canett-Romero R, García-Galaz A, Torres-Vega C, Vázquez-Garcidueñas MS. Comparative virulence of the worldwide ST19 and emergent ST213 genotypes of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium strains isolated from food. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105019. [PMID: 35781097 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium represents one of the most frequent causal agents of food contamination associated to gastroenteritis. The sequence type ST19 is the founder and worldwide prevalent genotype within this serotype, but its replacement by emerging genotypes has been recently reported. Particularly, the ST213 genotype has replaced it as the most prevalent in clinical and contaminated food samples in Mexico and has been recently reported in several countries. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo virulence of ST213 and ST19 strains isolated from food samples in Mexico was evaluated. Three out of the five analyzed ST213 strains, showed a greater internalization capacity and increased secretion of interleukins IL-8 and IL-6 of Caco-2 cells than the ST19 strains. Microbiological counts in feces and tissues showed the ability of all strains tested to establish infection in the rat model. The ST213 strains also caused histopathological damage, characteristic of gastroenteritis in Wistar rats. In contrast to the in vitro result, one of the ST19 strains showed marked damage in the test animals. The ST213 genotype strains showed in vitro and in vivo virulence variability, but significantly higher than the observed in the ST19 genotype strains, thus such emergent genotype represents a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Baltazar
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58020, Mexico; Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58893, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58893, Mexico
| | - Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Carretera al Ejido "La Victoria" Km 0.6, 83304, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58893, Mexico
| | - Rafael Canett-Romero
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alfonso García-Galaz
- Ciencias de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Carretera al Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6 CP 83304, Mexico
| | - Carlos Torres-Vega
- Laboratorio de Histología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58020, Mexico
| | - Ma Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, 58020, Mexico.
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Guo L, Xiao T, Wu L, Li Y, Duan X, Liu W, Liu K, Jin W, Ren H, Sun J, Liu Y, Liao X, Zhao Y. Comprehensive profiling of serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Salmonella isolates from food animals in China, 2015-2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1133241. [PMID: 37082181 PMCID: PMC10110913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salmonella is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen and mainly transmitted to human farm-to-fork chain through contaminated foods of animal origin. Methods In this study, we investigated the serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Salmonella from China. Results A total of 617 Salmonella isolates were collected from 4 major food animal species across 23 provi nces in China from 2015-2021. Highest Salmonella prevalence were observed in Guangdong (44.4%) and Sandong (23.7%). Chickens (43.0%) was shown to be the major source of Salmonella contamination, followed by pigs (34.5%) and ducks (18.5%). The number of Salmonella increased significantly from 5.51% to 27.23% during 2015-2020. S. Derby (17.3%), S. Enteritidis (13.1%) and S. Typhimurium (11.4%) were the most common serotypes among 41 serotypes identifiedin this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showing that the majority of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to neomycin (99.7%), tetracycline (98.1%), ampicillin (97.4%), sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (97.1%), nalidixic acid (89.1%), doxycycline (83.1%), ceftria xone (70.3%), spectinomycin (67.7%), florfenicol (60.0%), cefotaxime (52.0%) and lomefloxacin (59.8%). The rates of resistance to multiple antibiotics in S. Derby and S.Typhimurium were higher than that in S. Enteritidis. However, the rate of resistance to fosfomycin were observed from higher to lower by S. Derby, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium. Biofilm formation ability analysis found that 88.49%of the Salmonella were able to produce biofilms, of which 236 Salmonella isolates were strong biofilm producer. Among the 26 types of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) were identified in this study, 4 ARGs (tetB,sul2,aadA2, and aph(3')-IIa) were highly prevalent. In addition, 5 β-lactam resistance genes (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M, and bla OXA) and 7 quinolone resistance genes (oqxA, oqxB, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qeqA) were detected among these isolates. 12 out of 17 virulence genes selected in this study were commonly presented in the chromosomes of tested isolate, with a detection rate of over 80%, including misL, spiA, stn, pagC, iroN, fim, msgA, sopB, prgH, sitC, ttrC, spaN. Discussion This study provided a systematical updating on surveillance on prevalence of Salmonella from food animals in China, shedding the light on continued vigilance for Salmonella in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Bolin Biotechnology Co., Qingdao, China
| | - Tianan Xiao
- Guangdong Veterinary Medicine and Feed Supervision Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- Guangdong Veterinary Medicine and Feed Supervision Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaidi Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaoping Liao,
| | - Yongda Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yongda Zhao,
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Jiang Q, Ke BX, Wu DS, Wang D, Fang LX, Sun RY, Wang MG, Lei JE, Shao Z, Liao XP. Epidemiology of blaCTX-M-Positive Salmonella Typhimurium From Diarrhoeal Outpatients in Guangdong, China, 2010–2017. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:865254. [PMID: 35783425 PMCID: PMC9247517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.865254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica can lead to intestinal diarrhea, and the emergence and spread of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella have brought great challenges to clinical treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and transmission of blaCTX-M genes among S. Typhimurium from diarrhoeal outpatients in Guangdong, China, from 2010 to 2017. A total of 221 blaCTX-M-positive isolates were recovered from 1,263 S. Typhimurium isolates from the facal samples of diarrhoea patients in 45 general hospitals from 11 cities. The most popular CTX-M gene was blaCTX-M-55 (39.6%, 72/182) in the CTX-M-1 group, followed by blaCTX-M-14 (22.5%, 41/182) and blaCTX-M-65 (19.2%, 35/182) in the CTX-M-9 group. The isolates that carried blaCTX-M-9G had significantly higher resistance rates to multiple antibacterials compared with blaCTX-M-1G (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, PFGE analysis not only showed the clonal transmission of blaCTX-M-55/14/65-positve isolates of diarrhoeal outpatients’ origins from different hospitals in Guangdong province, but also the characteristic of blaCTX-M-55/14/65-positve isolates’ bacterial persistence. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that these S. Typhimurium isolates possessed ST34 and ST19. Furthermore, genomic Beast phylogenomic analysis provided the evidence of a close relationship of blaCTX-M-positive S. Typhimurium isolates between the outpatients and pork. Most blaCTX-M-55/14/65 genes were transmitted by non-typeable or IncI1/IncFII/IncHI2 plasmids with the size of ranging from ~80 to ~280 kb. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis further revealed that blaCTX-M-55/14/65 coexisted with other 25 types of ARGs, of which 11 ARGs were highly prevalent with the detection rates >50%, and it first reported the emergence of blaTEM-141 in S. Typhimurium. This study underscores the importance of surveillance for blaCTX-M-positive microbes in diarrhea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-xia Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-shu Wu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-er Lei
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-ping Liao,
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Heat shock in Cronobacter sakazakii induces direct protection and cross-protection against simulated gastric fluid stress. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen K, Gao Y, Li L, Zhang W, Li J, Zhou Z, He H, Chen Z, Liao M, Zhang J. Increased Drug Resistance and Biofilm Formation Ability in ST34-Type Salmonella Typhimurium Exhibiting Multicellular Behavior in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876500. [PMID: 35369456 PMCID: PMC8972162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is an important food-borne pathogen. In this paper, multicellular behavior and associated characteristics of S. Typhimurium isolated from human and animal source food were studied. All the S. Typhimurium strains exhibiting multicellular behavior (100%) belonged to the ST34 type. In addition, most of the ST34-type multicellular behavior S. Typhimurium strains had a human origin (69.11%) and 98% of the ST34-type multicellular behavior strains exhibited strong biofilm formation capacity, which was much higher than that of non-multicellular behavior strains (7%, P < 0.01). Antibiotic resistance in ST34-type multicellular behavior strains was significantly higher than in strains with non-multicellular behavior for most conventional drugs (P < 0.05); notably, Polymyxin B (8%) and Imipenem (1%) resistances were also observed in the ST34-type strains. Furthermore, all the ST34-type multicellular behavior strains (100%) exhibited Multiple Drug Resistance (resistance to ≥3antibiotics), which was much higher than that of the non-multicellular behavior strains (P < 0.05). Consistent with the drug-resistant phenotype, the carrying rates of most drug-resistant genes in ST34-type multicellular behavior strains were higher than that those in non-multicellular behavior strains (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study revealed the emergence of a prevalent ST34-type multicellular behavior S. Typhimurium strains with increased biofilm formation ability and drug resistance rate, which poses a threat to public health safety, and highlights the need for comprehensive monitoring of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Chen
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouping Zhou
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haishan He
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeluan Chen
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liao,
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Center of Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Jianmin Zhang,
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