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Tedde G, Lorenzoni G, Meloni D, Salza S, Melillo R, Bazzardi R, Cau S, Tedde T, Piras G, Uda MT, Leoni F, Esposito G, Virgilio S, Mudadu AG. Trend of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Occurrences in Bivalve Molluscs Harvested in Sardinian Coastal Environments Between 2011 and 2018. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100150. [PMID: 37634810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate Vibrio parahaemolyticus occurrences in bivalve molluscs harvested from Sardinian coastal environments between 2013 and 2015. The prevalence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates is based on the detection of the two major virulence genes thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and thermolabile hemolysin (trh) To assess changes between 2011 and 2018 in the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in bivalve molluscs, we compared our results with those of previous investigations. In total, 2,933 samples were collected: 1,079 in 2013, 1,288 in 2014, and 566 in 2015. The mean prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish was 3.5% in 2013, 1.7% in 2014, and 3.5% in 2015. The highest percentage of positive samples in 2013 and 2014 was observed in clams (3.5% and 2.7%, respectively), whereas in 2015, it was reported in oysters (15.1%). By comparing the sampling period of 2011-2014 with that of 2015-2018, an increase in the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was observed in shellfish (p < 0.05). In parallel, 208 potentially enteropathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains were identified through the years 2011-2018 and, in particular, 10 trh+ and six tdh+ isolates. Our present study provides information regarding trends of V. parahaemolyticus occurrences in bivalve molluscs harvested from Sardinian coastal environments between 2011 and 2018 suggesting that the prevalence varies depending on the sampling period and shellfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tedde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Lorenzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Meloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Sara Salza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Rita Melillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Simona Cau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tedde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piras
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Uda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Leoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, LNR per le Contaminazioni Batteriologiche dei Molluschi Bivalvi, Sezione di Ancona, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Virgilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Graziano Mudadu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione Degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Di Salvo E, Panebianco F, Panebianco A, Ziino G. Quantitative Detection of Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Frozen Bivalve Molluscs. Foods 2023; 12:2373. [PMID: 37372584 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen diffusely distributed in the marine environment and often isolated from raw seafood belonging to different species, mostly shellfish. Ingestion of under- or uncooked seafood contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. Due to its ability to withstand low temperatures, Vibrio spp. could survive in frozen seafoods for long periods by entering the viable but nonculturable state (VBNC) and may constitute an unrecognized source of food contamination and infection. In the present study, seventy-seven frozen bivalve molluscs (35 mussels; 42 clams) were subjected to the detection and enumeration of viable V. parahaemolyticus using standard culture methods. VBNC forms were detected and quantified by applying an optimized protocol based on Propidium Monoazide (PMA) and Quantitative PCR (qPCR). All samples were negative for both the detection and enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus by the standard culture methods. VBNC forms were detected in 11.7% of the samples (9/77), with values ranging from 1.67 to 2.29 Log CFU/g. Only clam samples were positive for the detection of VBNC forms. The results of this study highlighted that VBNC V. parahaemolyticus may be present in frozen bivalve molluscs. Further data on the prevalence of VBNC V. parahaemolyticus in frozen seafood are needed in order to perform a robust risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Felice Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Panebianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Graziella Ziino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Viale Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Zhong X, Pan Z, Mu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yang M, Yao H. Characterization and epidemiological analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different marine products in East China. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 380:109867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lorenzoni G, Tedde G, Mara L, Bazzoni AM, Esposito G, Salza S, Piras G, Tedde T, Bazzardi R, Arras I, Uda MT, Virgilio S, Meloni D, Mudadu AG. Presence, Seasonal Distribution, and Biomolecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in Shellfish Harvested and Marketed in Sardinia (Italy) between 2017 and 2018. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1549-1554. [PMID: 33956961 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated the presence, seasonal distribution, and biomolecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in samples of bivalve mollusks (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, and Ruditapes decussatus) harvested and marketed in Sardinia (Italy) between 2017 and 2018. A total of 435 samples were submitted for qualitative determination of Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. Potentially enteropathogenic isolates were detected with biomolecular methods. The overall prevalence of Vibrio spp. was 7.6%. The highest Vibrio prevalence was found in R. decussatus (8.3%). The prevalences of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were 2.7 and 4.8%, respectively. Higher prevalences of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were found in R. decussatus (4.2%) and C. gigas (6.2%), respectively. Only two pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains were recovered (genotypes: tdh- and trh+; tdh+ and trh-), both from M. galloprovincialis. None of the isolates were tdh+ and trh+. Pathogenic Vibrio infections are often underestimated, and human infections are increasing in Europe. European data on the true distribution of Vibrionaceae are scarce, and the results of the present study highlight the need of constant monitoring to update the distribution of pathogenic vibrios. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Lorenzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tedde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Mara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bazzoni
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Sardegna, Via Rockefeller 58/60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Salza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piras
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tedde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Igor Arras
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Uda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Virgilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Meloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Graziano Mudadu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Lamon S, Piras F, Meloni D, Agus V, Porcheddu G, Pes M, Cambula MG, Esposito G, Fois F, Consolati SG, Mureddu A. Enumeration of Escherichia coli and determination of Salmonella spp. and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in shellfish ( Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus) harvested in Sardinia, Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2020; 9:8625. [PMID: 33324586 PMCID: PMC7731884 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of Salmonella spp., Verotoxigenic E. Coli (VTEC) and enumerate E. coli in shellfish (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus) collected before and after depuration from two class B harvesting areas located in Sardinia (Italy). All the samples were analyzed for Salmonella spp. detection according to European Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 and examined using the five tube Most-Probable-Number (MPN) method for enumeration of E. coli in accordance with the European Union reference method ISO 16649-3:2015. E. coli VTEC was investigated following a direct multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) screening test. The enumeration of E. coli met the European law limit for Class A areas of 230 MPN/100g. The averaged enumeration of E. coli in samples of M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus collected at the harvesting time was 39 and 37 MPN/100 g respectively. The average contamination levels in samples collected after purification were 58 MPN/100g (M. galloprovincialis) and 32 MPN/100 g (R. decussatus). E. coli VTEC was not detected, on the contrary, Salmonella ser. Typhimurium was detected in one sample of M. galloprovincialis and in one sample of R. decussatus collected at the harvesting time. No significant associations were observed between E. coli levels in shellfish and environmental parameters of water or with the detection of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium in M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus samples. Nevertheless, the occurrence of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium, involved in human infection outbreaks, should be considered a potential risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lamon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Meloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Agus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Pes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica Fois
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Mureddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Shan Z, Yang Y, Guan N, Xia X, Liu W. NKL-24: A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from zebrafish NK-lysin that inhibits bacterial growth and enhances resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:431-440. [PMID: 32810530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture has resulted in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and, consequently, new antibacterial strategies or drugs with clear modes of action are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are currently widely considered as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of infections in aquatic animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of NKL-24, a truncated peptide derived from zebrafish NK-lysin, against Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that NKL-24 had a potent antibacterial effect against V. parahaemolyticus via a membrane active cell-killing mechanism. The in vitro study showed that sub-lethal levels of NKL-24 obviously reduced bacterial swimming ability and downregulated the transcription of the selected genes associated with V. parahaemolyticus virulence. Studies on NKL-24 biosafety in hemocytes and in Yesso scallop have shown no adverse effects from this peptide. Bacteria challenge test results demonstrated that NKL-24 significantly decreased the mortality and inhibited bacterial growth in the scallop infected with V. parahaemolyticus, while further in vivo examination revealed that NKL-24 could enhance non-specific immune parameters. Moreover, NKL-24 was capable of modulating a series of V. parahaemolyticus-responsive genes in the scallop. These results suggest the protective action of NKL-24 against V. parahaemolyticus and the potential of this peptide as a promising candidate for aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ning Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Weidong Liu
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
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