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Yamamoto M, Osanai T, Ito S. L-Lactate dehydrogenase from Cyanidioschyzon merolae shows high catalytic efficiency for pyruvate reduction and is inhibited by ATP. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:98. [PMID: 39254882 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
L-Lactate is a commodity chemical used in various fields. Microorganisms have produced L-lactate via lactic fermentation using saccharides derived from crops as carbon sources. Recently, L-lactate production using microalgae, whose carbon source is carbon dioxide, has been spotlighted because the prices of the crops have increased. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae produce L-lactate via lactic fermentation under dark anaerobic conditions. The L-lactate titer of C. merolae is higher than those of other microalgae but lower than those of heterotrophic bacteria. Therefore, an increase in the L-lactate titer is required in C. merolae. L-Lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to L-lactate during lactic fermentation. C. merolae possesses five isozymes of L-LDH. The results of previous transcriptome analysis suggested that L-LDHs are the key enzymes in the lactic fermentation of C. merolae. However, their biochemical characteristics, such as catalytic efficiency and tolerance for metabolites, have not been revealed. We compared the amino acid sequences of C. merolae L-LDHs (CmLDHs) and characterized one of the isozymes, CmLDH1. BLAST analysis revealed that the sequence similarities of CmLDH1 and the other isozymes were above 99%. The catalytic efficiency of CmLDH1 under its optimum conditions was higher than those of L-LDHs of other organisms. ATP decreased the affinity and turnover number of CmLDH1 for NADH. These findings contribute to understanding the characteristics of L-LDHs of microalgae and the regulatory mechanisms of lactic fermentation in C. merolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamamoto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shoki Ito
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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2
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Matoba Y, Oda K, Wataeda M, Kanemori H, Matsuo K. pH-dependent regulation of an acidophilic O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase from Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0011824. [PMID: 38568076 PMCID: PMC11107162 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00118-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have two routes for the l-methionine biosynthesis. In one route called the direct sulfuration pathway, acetylated l-homoserine is directly converted into l-homocysteine. The reaction using H2S as the second substrate is catalyzed by a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS). In the present study, we determined the enzymatic functions and the structures of OAHS from Lactobacillus plantarum (LpOAHS). The LpOAHS enzyme exhibited the highest catalytic activity under the weak acidic pH condition. In addition, crystallographic analysis revealed that the enzyme takes two distinct structures, open and closed forms. In the closed form, two acidic residues are sterically clustered. The proximity may cause the electrostatic repulsion, inhibiting the formation of the closed form under the neutral to the basic pH conditions. We concluded that the pH-dependent regulation mechanism using the two acidic residues contributes to the acidophilic feature of the enzyme. IMPORTANCE In the present study, we can elucidate the pH-dependent regulation mechanism of the acidophilic OAHS. The acidophilic feature of the enzyme is caused by the introduction of an acidic residue to the neighborhood of the key acidic residue acting as a switch for the structural interconversion. The strategy may be useful in the field of protein engineering to change the optimal pH of the enzymes. In addition, this study may be useful for the development of antibacterial drugs because the l-methionine synthesis essential for bacteria is inhibited by the OAHS inhibitors. The compounds that can inhibit the interconversion between the open and closed forms of OAHS may become antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matoba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maho Wataeda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hina Kanemori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Robin AY, Brochier-Armanet C, Bertrand Q, Barette C, Girard E, Madern D. Deciphering Evolutionary Trajectories of Lactate Dehydrogenases Provides New Insights into Allostery. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad223. [PMID: 37797308 PMCID: PMC10583557 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC.1.1.127) is an important enzyme engaged in the anaerobic metabolism of cells, catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+. LDH is a relevant enzyme to investigate structure-function relationships. The present work provides the missing link in our understanding of the evolution of LDHs. This allows to explain (i) the various evolutionary origins of LDHs in eukaryotic cells and their further diversification and (ii) subtle phenotypic modifications with respect to their regulation capacity. We identified a group of cyanobacterial LDHs displaying eukaryotic-like LDH sequence features. The biochemical and structural characterization of Cyanobacterium aponinum LDH, taken as representative, unexpectedly revealed that it displays homotropic and heterotropic activation, typical of an allosteric enzyme, whereas it harbors a long N-terminal extension, a structural feature considered responsible for the lack of allosteric capacity in eukaryotic LDHs. Its crystallographic structure was solved in 2 different configurations typical of the R-active and T-inactive states encountered in allosteric LDHs. Structural comparisons coupled with our evolutionary analyses helped to identify 2 amino acid positions that could have had a major role in the attenuation and extinction of the allosteric activation in eukaryotic LDHs rather than the presence of the N-terminal extension. We tested this hypothesis by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting C. aponinum LDH mutants displayed reduced allosteric capacity mimicking those encountered in plants and human LDHs. This study provides a new evolutionary scenario of LDHs that unifies descriptions of regulatory properties with structural and mutational patterns of these important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Y Robin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Quentin Bertrand
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Biology and Chemistry Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barette
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric Girard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Madern
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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4
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Iorio A, Brochier-Armanet C, Mas C, Sterpone F, Madern D. Protein Conformational Space at the Edge of Allostery: Turning a Non-allosteric Malate Dehydrogenase into an "Allosterized" Enzyme using Evolution Guided Punctual Mutations. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6691310. [PMID: 36056899 PMCID: PMC9486893 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We unveil the intimate relationship between protein dynamics and allostery by following the trajectories of model proteins in their conformational and sequence spaces. Starting from a nonallosteric hyperthermophilic malate dehydrogenase, we have tracked the role of protein dynamics in the evolution of the allosteric capacity. Based on a large phylogenetic analysis of the malate (MalDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) superfamily, we identified two amino acid positions that could have had a major role for the emergence of allostery in LDHs, which we targeted for investigation by site-directed mutagenesis. Wild-type MalDH and the single and double mutants were tested with respect to their substrate recognition profiles. The double mutant displayed a sigmoid-shaped profile typical of homotropic activation in LDH. By using molecular dynamics simulations, we showed that the mutations induce a drastic change in the protein sampling of its conformational landscape, making transiently T-like (inactive) conformers, typical of allosteric LDHs, accessible. Our data fit well with the seminal key concept linking protein dynamics and evolvability. We showed that the selection of a new phenotype can be achieved by a few key dynamics-enhancing mutations causing the enrichment of low-populated conformational substates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iorio
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Brochier-Armanet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Caroline Mas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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5
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Shibata S, Sogabe S, Miwa M, Fujimoto T, Takakura N, Naotsuka A, Kitamura S, Kawamoto T, Soga T. Identification of the first highly selective inhibitor of human lactate dehydrogenase B. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21353. [PMID: 34725423 PMCID: PMC8560939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+; it has two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB. LDHA is a promising target for cancer therapy, whereas LDHB is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation in oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, selective inhibitors for LDHB have not yet been reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry screening system using an LDHB enzyme assay by detecting NADH and NAD+. As a result, we identified a small-molecule LDHB selective inhibitor AXKO-0046, an indole derivative. This compound exhibited uncompetitive LDHB inhibition (EC50 = 42 nM). X-ray crystallography revealed that AXKO-0046 bound to the potential allosteric site away from the LDHB catalytic active site, suggesting that targeting the tetramerisation interface of the two dimers is critical for the enzymatic activity. AXKO-0046 and its derivatives can be used to validate LDHB-associated pathways in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Shibata
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sogabe
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Miwa
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Naotsuka
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Kitamura
- Chemistry, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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6
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Rosenbaum FP, Poehlein A, Egelkamp R, Daniel R, Harder S, Schlüter H, Schoelmerich MC. Lactate metabolism in strictly anaerobic microorganisms with a soluble NAD + -dependent l-lactate dehydrogenase. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4661-4672. [PMID: 34190373 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactate is a universal metabolite and energy source, yet the mode of lactate metabolism in many strictly anaerobic microorganisms is still enigmatic. This sparked us to investigate the biochemistry and bioenergetics of lactate metabolism in the model acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica. Growth and metabolism were dependent on CO2 and the chemiosmotic gradient. We discovered a l-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (LDH) in cell-free extracts, exhibiting an average specific activity of 362.8 ± 22.9 mU mg-1 . The enzyme was reversible, most active at 65°C and pH 9, with Km values of 23.1 ± 3.7 mM for l-lactate and 273.3 ± 39.1 μM for NAD+ . In-gel activity assays and mass spectrometric proteomics revealed that the ldh gene encoded the characterized LDH. Transcriptomic and genomic analyses showed that ldh expression was induced by lactate and there was a single nucleotide polymorphism near the predicted NAD+ binding site. Genes encoding central redox and energy metabolism complexes, such as, the energetic coupling site Ech2, menaquinone, and the electron bifurcating EtfABCX and MTHFR were also upregulated in cells grown on lactate. These findings ultimately lead to a redox-balanced metabolic model that shows how growth on lactate can proceed in a microorganism that only has a conventional NAD+ -reducing LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Rosenbaum
- Microbiology & Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Richard Egelkamp
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Marie Charlotte Schoelmerich
- Microbiology & Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
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7
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Iorio A, Roche J, Engilberge S, Coquelle N, Girard E, Sterpone F, Madern D. Biochemical, structural and dynamical studies reveal strong differences in the thermal-dependent allosteric behavior of two extremophilic lactate dehydrogenases. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107769. [PMID: 34229075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we combined biochemical and structural investigations with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the very different thermal-dependent allosteric behavior of two lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) from thermophilic bacteria. We found that the enzyme from Petrotoga mobilis (P. mob) necessitates an absolute requirement of the allosteric effector (fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate) to ensure functionality. In contrast, even without allosteric effector, the LDH from Thermus thermophilus (T. the) is functional when the temperature is raised. We report the crystal structure of P. mob LDH in the Apo state solved at 1.9 Å resolution. We used this structure and the one from T. the, obtained previously, as a starting point for MD simulations at various temperatures. We found clear differences between the thermal dynamics, which accounts for the behavior of the two enzymes. Our work demonstrates that, within an allosteric enzyme, some areas act as local gatekeepers of signal transmission, allowing the enzyme to populate either the T-inactive or the R-active states with different degrees of stringency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iorio
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Roche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Engilberge
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Girard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université de Paris, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Paris, France Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique-Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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8
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Letsiou S. Tracing skin aging process: a mini- review of in vitro approaches. Biogerontology 2021; 22:261-272. [PMID: 33721158 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a rather complex, yet useful organ of our body. Besides, skin aging is a complicated process that gains a growing interest as mediates many molecular processes in our body. Thus, an efficient skin model is important to understand skin aging function as well as to develop an effective innovative product for skin aging treatment. In this mini review, we present in vitro methods for assessments of skin aging in an attempt to pinpoint basic molecular mechanisms behind this process achieving both a better understanding of aging function and an effective evaluation of potential products or ingredients that counteract aging. Specifically, this study presents in vitro assays such as 2D or 3D skin models, to evaluate skin aging-related processes such as skin moisturization, photoaging, wound healing, menopause, and skin microbiome as novel efforts in the designing of efficacy assessments in the development of skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development Department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attiki, 19003, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Tang P, Xu J, Louey A, Tan Z, Yongky A, Liang S, Li ZJ, Weng Y, Liu S. Kinetic modeling of Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: factors and principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:265-281. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1711015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Alastair Louey
- Elpiscience Biopharma, Cayman Islands George Town, Grand Cayman, UK
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yongyan Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
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10
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Ito S, Takeya M, Osanai T. Substrate Specificity and Allosteric Regulation of a D-Lactate Dehydrogenase from a Unicellular Cyanobacterium are Altered by an Amino Acid Substitution. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15052. [PMID: 29118438 PMCID: PMC5678113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate/lactic acid is an important chemical compound for the manufacturing of bioplastics. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can produce lactate from carbon dioxide and possesses d-lactate dehydrogenase (Ddh). Here, we performed a biochemical analysis of the Ddh from this cyanobacterium (SyDdh) using recombinant proteins. SyDdh was classified into a cyanobacterial clade similar to those from Gram-negative bacteria, although it was distinct from them. SyDdh can use both pyruvate and oxaloacetate as a substrate and is activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and repressed by divalent cations. An amino acid substitution based on multiple sequence alignment data revealed that the glutamine at position 14 and serine at position 234 are important for the allosteric regulation by Mg2+ and substrate specificity of SyDdh, respectively. These results reveal the characteristic biochemical properties of Ddh in a unicellular cyanobacterium, which are different from those of other bacterial Ddhs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoki Ito
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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11
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Tang P, Xu J, Oliveira CL, Li ZJ, Liu S. A mechanistic kinetic description of lactate dehydrogenase elucidating cancer diagnosis and inhibitor evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:564-571. [PMID: 28114833 PMCID: PMC6010104 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1275606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key enzyme for glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) remains as a topic of great interest in cancer study. Though a number of kinetic models have been applied to describe the dynamic behavior of LDH, few can reflect its actual mechanism, making it difficult to explain the observed substrate and competitor inhibitions at wide concentration ranges. A novel mechanistic kinetic model is developed based on the enzymatic processes and the interactive properties of LDH. Better kinetic simulation as well as new enzyme interactivity information and kinetic properties extracted from published articles via the novel model was presented. Case studies were presented to a comprehensive understanding of the effect of temperature, substrate, and inhibitor on LDH kinetic activities for promising application in cancer diagnosis, inhibitor evaluation, and adequate drug dosage prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA.,b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Christopher L Oliveira
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA
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