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Wu Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang C. Unveiling key mechanisms: Transcriptomic meta-analysis of diverse nanomaterial applications addressing biotic and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis Thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172476. [PMID: 38621536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The potential applications of nanomaterials in agriculture for alleviating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses have garnered significant attention. The reported mechanisms encompass promoting plant growth and development, alleviating oxidative stress, inducing defense responses, modulating plant-microbe interactions, and more. However, individual studies may not fully uncover the common pathways or distinguish the effects of different nanostructures. We examined Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptomes exposed to biotic, abiotic, and metal or carbon-based nanomaterials, utilizing 24 microarray chipsets and 17 RNA-seq sets. The results showed that: 1) from the perspective of different nanostructures, all metal nanomaterials relieved biotic/abiotic stresses via boosting metal homeostasis, particularly zinc and iron. Carbon nanomaterials induce hormone-related immune responses in the presence of both biotic and abiotic stressors. 2) Considering the distinct features of various nanostructures, metal nanomaterials displayed unique characteristics in seed priming for combating abiotic stresses. In contrast, carbon nanomaterials exhibited attractive features in alleviating water deprivation and acting as signaling amplifiers during biotic stress. 3) For shared pathway analysis, response to hypoxia emerges as the predominant and widely shared regulatory mechanism governing diverse stress responses, including those induced by nanomaterials. By deciphering shared and specific pathways and responses, this research opens new avenues for precision nano-agriculture, offering innovative strategies to optimize plant resilience, improve stress management, and advance sustainable crop production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yvjie Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Shi L, Li Y, Lin M, Liang Y, Zhang Z. Profiling the Bioactive Compounds in Broccoli Heads with Varying Organ Sizes and Growing Seasons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1329. [PMID: 38794399 PMCID: PMC11125000 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli is a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds, but how their contents are influenced by different growing seasons and variations in broccoli head sizes remains elusive. To address this question, we quantified sixteen known bioactive compounds and seven minerals in broccoli with varying head sizes obtained in two different growing seasons. Our results suggest that the contents of vitamin C, total phenols, carotenoids, and glucoraphanin were significantly higher in samples from the summer-autumn season, showing increases of 157.46%, 34.74%, 51.80%, and 17.78%, respectively, compared with those from the winter-spring season. Moreover, chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound with relatively high contents among the six detected, while beta-sitosterol is the sterol with relatively high contents. Further, principal component analysis was conducted to rank the comprehensive scores of the profiles of phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and minerals, demonstrating that the broccoli samples grown during the summer-autumn season achieved the highest composite scores. Our results indicate that broccoli heads from the summer-autumn season are richer in a combination of bioactive compounds and minerals than those from the winter-spring season based on the composite score. This study extends our understanding of the nutrition profiles in broccoli and also lays the foundation for breeding broccoli varieties with improved nutrition quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yahui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Menghua Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
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Liu G, He H, Wang P, Zhao X, Ren F. Glucoraphanin Accumulation via Glucoraphanin Synthesis Promotion during Broccoli Germination. Foods 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38201069 PMCID: PMC10778628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is an important glucosinolate which is widely distributed in Brassica vegetables and poses an anticancer effect to humans. Although researchers have paid a lot of attention to the changes in glucoraphanin concentration in seedlings of broccoli over 1-2 weeks, there has been little research focusing on the total whole-sprout glucoraphanin content within broccoli seedlings over 1-5 weeks. However, it is necessary to clarify the changes in total glucoraphanin content during the broccoli sprouting stage as broccoli seedlings are novel plant foods. This research explored glucoraphanin absolute accumulation and the biosynthesis mechanism in broccoli seedlings during a 5-week growth period. The results showed that glucoraphanin accumulation content was higher at week 4 than in the seeds. Moreover, the relative DL-methionine contents increased significantly after 3 weeks. Glucoraphanin synthetic gene expression levels were increased after 3 weeks, but the gene expressions of AOP3 (encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) and MYR (encoding myrosinase) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the 20 essential DEGs obtained can provide new insight into understanding the developmental regulation of broccoli seedlings. In addition, the results can also provide information on how to obtain higher glucoraphanin contents in broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xirui Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang M, Ma X, Jin G, Han D, Xue J, Du Y, Chen X, Yang F, Zhao C, Zhang X. A Modified Method for Transient Transformation via Pollen Magnetofection in Lilium Germplasm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15304. [PMID: 37894985 PMCID: PMC10607007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is a popular ornamental plant. Traditional genetic transformation methods have low efficiency in lily, thus development of a high-efficiency genetic transformation system is important. In this study, a novel transient transformation method involving pollen magnetofection was established and optimized pollen viability, and exogenous gene expression in magnetofected pollen and that of different germplasm were assessed. The highest germination percentage of Lilium regale pollen was 85.73% in medium containing 100 g/L sucrose, 61.5 mg/L H3BO3, and 91.5 mg/L CaCl2. A 1:4 ratio of nanomagnetic beads to DNA plasmid and transformation time of 0.5 h realized the highest transformation efficiency (88.32%). The GFP activity in transformed pollen averaged 69.66%, while that of the control pollen was 0.00%. In contrast to the control, transgenic seedlings obtained by pollination with magnetofected pollen showed strong positive GUS activity with 56.34% transformation efficiency. Among the lily germplasm tested, 'Sweet Surrender' and L. leucanthum had the highest transformation efficiency (85.80% and 54.47%), whereas L. davidii var. willmottiae was not successfully transformed. Transformation efficiency was positively correlated with pollen equatorial diameter and negatively correlated with polar axis/equatorial diameter ratio. The results suggest that pollen magnetofection-mediated transformation can be applied in Lilium but might have species or cultivar specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xu Ma
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ge Jin
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chunli Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
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Zhao Y, Yang D, Liu Y, Han F, Li Z. A highly efficient genetic transformation system for broccoli and subcellular localization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091588. [PMID: 36937998 PMCID: PMC10018207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the identification of functional genes and regulatory and developmental mechanisms in plants. However, there are still some problems of low genetic transformation efficiency and high genotype dependence in cruciferous crops. METHODS In this study, broccoli, a worldwide Brassica crop, was used to investigate the effects of genotype, explant type, concentration of hygromycin B used during seedling selection, overexpression vector type, RNAi and CRISPR/cas9 on the genetic transformation efficiency. At the same time, two vectors, PHG-031350 and PHG-CRa, were used for subcellular localization of the glucoraphanin synthesis-related gene FMOGS-OX5 and clubroot resistance gene by a PEG-Ca2+-mediated transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts. Finally, the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system of broccoli was optimized and improved. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study showed that hypocotyl explants are more suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transgene and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of broccoli. In contrast to previous studies, we found that 5 mg/L hygromycin B was more advantageous for the selection of resistant broccoli sprouts, and genotype 19B42 reached the highest transformation rate of 26.96%, which is higher than that in Brassica oleracea crops. In addition, the inbred line 19B42 successfully achieved high genetic transformation of overexpression, RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 vectors; thus, it is powerful recipient material for the genetic transformation of broccoli. Subcellular localization proved that the glucoraphanin metabolism-related gene Bol031350 and clubroot resistance gene CRa were both expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which provided a scientific basis for studying the regulation of glucosinolate metabolism and clubroot resistance in cruciferous crops. Therefore, these findings will provide new insight into the improvement of the genetic transformation and molecular breeding of Brassica oleracea crops.
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Yang D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Han F, Li Z. A high-efficiency PEG-Ca 2+-mediated transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081321. [PMID: 36578340 PMCID: PMC9790990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient transformation of plant protoplasts is an important method for studying gene function, subcellular localization and plant morphological development. In this study, an efficient transient transformation system was established by optimizing the plasmid concentration, PEG4000 mass concentration and genotype selection, key factors that affect transformation efficiency. Meanwhile, an efficient and universal broccoli protoplast isolation system was established. Using 0.5% (w/v) cellulase R-10 and 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase Y-23 to hydrolyze broccoli cotyledons of three different genotypes for 3 h, the yield was more than 5×106/mL/g, and the viability was more than 95%, sufficient to meet the high standards for protoplasts to be used in various experiments. The average transformation efficiency of the two plasmid vectors PHG-eGFP and CP507-YFP in broccoli B1 protoplasts were 61.4% and 41.7%, respectively. Using this system, we successfully performed subcellular localization of the products of three target genes (the clubroot resistance gene CRa and two key genes regulated by glucosinolates, Bol029100 and Bol031350).The results showed that the products of all three genes were localized in the nucleus. The high-efficiency transient transformation system for broccoli protoplasts constructed in this study makes it possible to reliably acquire high-viability protoplasts in high yield. This research provides important technical support for international frontier research fields such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, plant somatic hybridization, gene function analysis and subcellular localization.
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