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Blicharska N, Ben Ahmed Z, Jackson S, Rotondo D, Seidel V. In silico studies on the anti-acne potential of Garcinia mangostana xanthones and benzophenones. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:47-60. [PMID: 38549398 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana fruits are used traditionally for inflammatory skin conditions, including acne. In this study, an in silico approach was employed to predict the interactions of G. mangostana xanthones and benzophenones with three proteins involved in the pathogenicity of acne, namely the human JNK1, Cutibacterium acnes KAS III and exo-β-1,4-mannosidase. Molecular docking analysis was performed using Autodock Vina. The highest docking scores and size-independent ligand efficiency values towards JNK1, C. acnes KAS III and exo-β-1,4-mannosidase were obtained for garcinoxanthone T, gentisein/2,4,6,3',5'-pentahydroxybenzophenone and mangostanaxanthone VI, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of xanthones and benzophenones to interact with C. acnes KAS III. Molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS indicated that the JNK1-garcinoxanthone T complex had the highest stability of all ligand-protein complexes, with a high number of hydrogen bonds predicted to form between this ligand and its target. Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analysis was also conducted to determine pharmacophore sites and predict the molecular properties of ligands influencing ADMET. All ligands, except for mangostanaxanthone VI, showed good membrane permeability. Garcinoxanthone T, gentisein and 2,4,6,3',5'-pentahydroxybenzophenone were identified as the most promising compounds to explore further, including in experimental studies, for their anti-acne potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Blicharska
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
| | - Ziyad Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Jackson
- Botanical Research Department, Davines S.p.A. Via Don Angelo Calzolari 55/A, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
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Zosimidou SS, Vouvoudi EC, Tsagkalias IS, Lykidou SS, Nikolaidis NF. Preparation of Cosmetic Emulsions Containing Hippophae Oil Isolated by Various Methods: Study of Their Antioxidant, Sun-Blocking and Physicochemical Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1829. [PMID: 37891908 PMCID: PMC10603872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An industry listed as one of the largest globally is the cosmetic industry. In recent years, this industry has shown growing interest in the application of natural ingredients providing advanced properties to cosmetic creams such as moisturizing, antioxidant, sun-protecting and antimicrobial effects. In this context, the present study concerns the production of cosmetic emulsions containing hippophae oil obtained via the methods of extraction, hydro-distillation and maceration using sunflower oil as the carrier oil. Firstly, an IR-ATR analysis was performed showing that the oils prepared were close to those commercially obtained. Then, the stability of the emulsions was tested over a time period of four months through measuring their pH and viscosity values with positive outcomes, and their antioxidant ability was also measured using the DPPH method. The latter one showed that hippophae oil greatly improves the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, based on the fact that sea buckthorn contains carotenoids, the SPF value of the emulsions was determined. The results showed that the addition of hippophae oil to the emulsions gave higher absorption in UV-Vis, thus higher SPF values. Py-GC/MS analysis was used to identify decomposition compounds in the produced oils. Among those, valuable compounds such as Ω-6, Ω-7 and Ω-9 fatty acids and many aldehydes were found by the decomposition of the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia C. Vouvoudi
- Laboratory of Polymers and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos F. Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymers and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Buravlev EV, Shevchenko OG. Novel Mannich Bases of α‐MangostinBearing Methoxyphenyl Moietieswith Antioxidant and Membrane‐protective activity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Buravlev
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Chemistry of Natural Compounds Institute of Chemistry Komi Scientific Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya St. 48 Syktyvkar 167000 Komi Republic Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G. Shevchenko
- Center of Collective Usage ‘Molecular Biology' Institute of Biology Komi Scientific Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 28, Kommunisticheskaya St. 167982 Syktyvkar Komi Republic Russian Federation
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4
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Simon SE, Lim HS, Jayakumar FA, Tan EW, Tan KO. Alpha-Mangostin Activates MOAP-1 Tumor Suppressor and Mitochondrial Signaling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:7548191. [PMID: 35082905 PMCID: PMC8786502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7548191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Mangostin, one of the major constituents of Garcinia mangostana, has been reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis. However, the cellular signaling pathway mediated by α-mangostin has not been firmly established. To investigate the cellular activities of α-mangostin, human cancer cells, MCF-7 and MCF-7-CR cells, were treated with α-mangostin to measure the cellular responses, including cytotoxicity, protein-protein interaction, and protein expression. Cancer cells stably expressed Myc-BCL-XL and HA-MOAP-1 were also included in the studies to delineate the cell signaling events mediated by α-mangostin. Our results showed that the apoptosis signaling mediated by α-mangostin involves the upregulation of endogenous MOAP-1, which interacts with α-mangostin activated BAX (act-BAX) while downregulating the expression of BCL-XL. Moreover, α-mangostin was found to induce BAX oligomerization, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, and activation of caspase in MCF-7 cells. In overexpression studies, MCF-7 cells and spheroids stably expressed HA-MOAP-1 and Myc-BCL-XL exhibited differential chemosensitivity toward α-mangostin in which the stable clones expressing HA-MOAP-1 and MYC-BCL-XL were chemosensitive and chemoresistant to the apoptosis signaling events mediated by α-mangostin, respectively, when compared to untreated cells. Together, the data suggest that the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin involves the activation of MOAP-1 tumor suppressor and its interaction with act-BAX, leading to mitochondria dysfunction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eugin Simon
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hui Sin Lim
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fairen Angelin Jayakumar
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Liu J, Xu D, Chen S, Yuan F, Mao L, Gao Y. Superfruits in China: Bioactive phytochemicals and their potential health benefits - A Review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6892-6902. [PMID: 34925817 PMCID: PMC8645738 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "superfruit" usually refers to certain fruits, which are rich in antioxidant components, therefore, are beneficial to human health. In China, there has been the concept of health preservation and dietary therapy through food intake in a long history. However, some other superfruits growing mainly in China have not attracted extensive attention, such as Cili, Goji berry, and sea buckthorn. Many studies suggested all of these superfruits showed strong antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory activity in common. However, there are various other advantages and functions in different fruits. This article reviewed the research findings from the existing literature published about major antioxidant bioactive compounds and the potential health benefits of these fruits. The phytochemicals from superfruits are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans with promising health benefits. More studies are needed to validate the health benefits of these superfruits. It would provide essential information for further research and functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Liu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Healthy BeveragesChina National Light IndustryCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology & Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuai Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Healthy BeveragesChina National Light IndustryCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fang Yuan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Healthy BeveragesChina National Light IndustryCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Like Mao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Healthy BeveragesChina National Light IndustryCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant ResourcesKey Laboratory of Healthy BeveragesChina National Light IndustryCollege of Food Science & Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Demenciano SDC, Silva MCBLE, Alexandrino CAF, Kato Junior WH, Figueiredo PDO, Garcez WS, Campos RP, Guimarães RDCA, Sarmento UC, Bogo D. Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143201. [PMID: 32674257 PMCID: PMC7397228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone da Cunha Demenciano
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Magalli Costa Barbosa Lima e Silva
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Almeida Farias Alexandrino
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Raquel Pires Campos
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Ulana Chaves Sarmento
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Foods, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
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7
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The Relationship of Free Radical Scavenging and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Garcinia lasoar PAM. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Omrani R, Zouaghi MO, Arfaoui Y. Mechanistic density functional theory study of the Claisen Rearrangement Diels-Alder Cycloaddition domino sequence for the synthesis of the caged garcinia xanthone. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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9
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Tuning of virgin coconut oil and propylene glycol ratios for maximizing the polyphenol recovery and in vitro bioactivities of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Yeong KY, Khaw KY, Takahashi Y, Itoh Y, Murugaiyah V, Suzuki T. Discovery of gamma-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana as a potent and selective natural SIRT2 inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103403. [PMID: 31711765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that sirtuin inhibition may have beneficial effects on several age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Garcinia mangostana is a well-known tropical plant found mostly in South East Asia with several positive health effects. Some of its phytochemicals such as α-mangostin was found to be able to modulate sirtuin activity in mice and was implicated with inflammation, diabetes and obesity. However, comprehensive studies on sirtuin activity by the prenylated xanthones extracted from Garcinia mangostana have yet to be reported. The present study led to the discovery and identification of γ-mangostin as a potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitor. It was demonstrated that γ-mangostin was able to increase the α-tubulin acetylation in MDA-MD-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. It was also found to possess potent antiproliferative activity against both cell lines. In addition, it was able to induce neurite outgrowth in the N2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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11
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Encapsulation of alpha-mangostin and hydrophilic beta-cyclodextrins revealed by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Alhasyimi AA, Pudyani PS, Hafizi I. Effect of mangosteen peel extract as an antioxidant agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached teeth. Dental Press J Orthod 2019; 23:58-64. [PMID: 30427494 PMCID: PMC6266322 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.5.058-064.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of patients who seek orthodontic treatment that may have a history of tooth bleaching is increasing over the time. Bleaching may influence the decrease of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Objective: To determine and prove the effect of mangosteen peel (MP) extract to reverse the reduced shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after bleaching. Methods: A total of 150 maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups as follow (n=25): negative-control (N: no bleaching), positive-control (P: bleaching + no treatment), and the treatment groups (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate (SA), 10% (MP-10), 20% (MP-20) and 40% (MP-40) MP extract gel). After treatment, the brackets were bonded with the resin-modified glass ionomer cement, SBS testing was performed using universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was examined using stereoscopic microscope after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Result: There was significant SBS difference (p< 0.001) between various groups. The group without bleaching showed significantly higher SBS (8.19 ± 2.26 MPa) compared to others, while SBS in the group treated with 40% MP gel was significantly higher (7.93 ± 1.92 MPa) than other groups treated with antioxidants. The failure of orthodontic brackets bonded after bleaching and treatment using MP extract occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusion: The application of MP extract as an antioxidant after bleaching was effective in reversing the reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Gadjah Mada University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
| | - Pinandi Sri Pudyani
- Gadjah Mada University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
| | - Ikmal Hafizi
- Gadjah Mada University, Faculty of Dentistry, Master Program of Biomaterial Science (Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
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13
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Mulia K, Fauzia F, Krisanti EA. Polyalcohols as Hydrogen-Bonding Donors in Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction of Xanthones from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030636. [PMID: 30759720 PMCID: PMC6384984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a fruit that is rich in xanthones, utilized as health supplements or additives in food products due to their high antioxidant activities. Choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with polyalcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, propanediols, and butanediols) as hydrogen bonding donors (HBDs) were used to extract the xanthones from the pericarp of mangosteen. DESs with 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-butanediol as HBDs (ChCl to HBD mole ratio of 1:3) afforded the highest extraction yields (2.40-2.63%) of α-mangostin, the most abundant component that represents xanthones. These DESs have intermediate Nile Red polar parameter values similar to that of ethanol and provide extraction yields with a quadratic dependence on the polar parameter. Polarity and viscosity, the important physicochemical properties to consider in the selection of DES as an extraction solvent, could be adjusted based on the consideration of the molecular structure of the polyalcohols. The following factors qualifies the ChCl-1,2-propanediol DES as a designer solvent for green extraction: It is selected from a set of DESs having a homologous class of HBDs to deliver the highest α-mangostin extraction yield, its extract composition similar to that obtained using ethanol, it has low or negligible vapor pressure, both of its components are generally recognized as safe chemicals so that direct utilization of a DES extract is possible, and this DES is used for utilization of agricultural waste products as the resource of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarza Mulia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Farah Fauzia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Elsa Anisa Krisanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
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14
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Development of antituberculosis melt-blown polypropylene filters coated with mangosteen extracts for medical face mask applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Novel Mannich bases of α- and γ-mangostins: Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and membrane-protective activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Ibrahim SRM, El-Agamy DS, Abdallah HM, Ahmed N, Elkablawy MA, Mohamed GA. Protective activity of tovophyllin A, a xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana pericarps, against acetaminophen-induced liver damage: role of Nrf2 activation. Food Funct 2018; 9:3291-3300. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tovophyllin A (TA) ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina S. El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Nishat Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- College of Pharmacy
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Elkablawy
- Department of Pathology
- College of Medicine
- Taibah University
- Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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α-Mangostin protects against high-glucose induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170779. [PMID: 29054969 PMCID: PMC5725610 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications result from high-glucose induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. There is an emerging need for novel drugs with vascular endothelial cell protective effects for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of α-mangostin against high-glucose induced apoptosis of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with glucose to induce apoptosis. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, were detected by Western blotting. Ceramide concentration and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity were assayed by HPLC. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI). Compared with HUVECs cultured in 5 mM glucose, cells cultured in 30 mM glucose exhibited a higher apoptosis rate, up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (proapoptotic proteins), down-regulation of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein), increased ceramide concentration, and enhanced ASM activity (all P<0.05). α-Mangostin (15 µM) significantly attenuated the high-glucose induced increase in apoptosis rate (8.64 ± 2.16 compared with 19.6 ± 3.54%), up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, elevation of ceramide level, and enhancement of ASM activity (all P<0.05). The effects of desipramine were similar to those of α-mangostin. The protective effect of α-mangostin on high-glucose induced apoptotic damage may be mediated by an inhibition of ASM and thus a decreased level of ceramide.
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Rafigh SM, Heydarinasab A. Hydroxyethyl curdlan as a novel water soluble derivative: Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1331390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayyid Mahdi Rafigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heydarinasab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Hayyan A, Jayakumar NS. New horizons in the extraction of bioactive compounds using deep eutectic solvents: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 979:1-23. [PMID: 28599704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of ionic liquid analogues, termed 'deep eutectic solvents' (DESs), and their application in a wide range of chemical and biochemical processes in the past decade, the extraction of bioactive compounds has attracted significant interest. Recently, numerous studies have explored the extraction of bioactive compounds using DESs from diverse groups of natural sources, including animal and plant sources. This review summarizes the-state-of-the-art effort dedicated to the application of DESs in the extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this review also was to introduce conventional and recently-developed extraction techniques, with emphasis on the use of DESs as potential extractants for various bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, tanshinone, keratin, tocols, terpenoids, carrageenans, xanthones, isoflavones, α-mangostin, genistin, apigenin, and others. In the near future, DESs are expected to be used extensively for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hamdi Zainal-Abidin
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maan Hayyan
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Halal Research University of Malaya (IHRUM), Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Adeeb Hayyan
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Halal Research University of Malaya (IHRUM), Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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20
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Novel chromone and xanthone derivatives: Synthesis and ROS/RNS scavenging activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:381-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Sofi FR, Raju CV, Lakshmisha IP, Singh RR. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of grape and papaya seed extracts and their application on the preservation of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) during ice storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:104-17. [PMID: 26787935 PMCID: PMC4711419 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant properties of grape (GSE) and papaya seed extracts (PSE) were tested in vitro at varied concentrations and growth inhibition were seen against gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. The results revealed that GSE contain four times higher phenolic and six folds higher flavonoid content than PSE. The antioxidant properties of GSE and PSE showed dose dependent activities and were comparatively much higher in GSE. Linoleic acid model of GSE and PSE displayed 67.67 and 46.43 % of inhibition respectively at 500 mg/L. The effect of dip treatment by GSE and PSE at a concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/L respectively on the quality changes of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in iced condition were assessed using chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters along with chilled whole control (CWC). The inhibition of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products by GSE at 500 mg/L was comparable to BHT at 200 mg/L. GSE exhibited higher antimicrobial activity on gram-positive strains compared to PSE and reduced the formation of volatile bases significantly. On the day of sensory rejection for CWC, the formation of trimethylamine and total volatile base nitrogen were reduced by 32.27 and 31.85 % in GSE samples and 19.01 and 24.70 % in PSE samples respectively. The dip treatment of GSE increased the shelflife of mackerel up to 15 days, PSE by 12 and 9 days for CWC during ice storage. Therefore, it can be concluded that, GSE can be used as a promising natural preservative and a substitute to the synthetic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid Sofi
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Hoige Bazar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 001 India
| | - C. V. Raju
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Hoige Bazar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 001 India
| | - I. P. Lakshmisha
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Hoige Bazar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 001 India
| | - Rajkumar Ratankumar Singh
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Hoige Bazar, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 001 India
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A Method of Effectively Improved α-Mangostin Bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:605-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Upegui Y, Robledo SM, Gil Romero JF, Quiñones W, Archbold R, Torres F, Escobar G, Nariño B, Echeverri F. In vivo Antimalarial Activity of α-Mangostin and the New Xanthone δ-Mangostin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1195-201. [PMID: 25943035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previously reported in vitro antiplasmodial activity of several xanthones from Garcinia mangostana, two xanthones, α-mangostin and a new compound, δ-mangostin, were isolated from mangosteen husk, and the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects were determined. α-Mangostin was more active against the resistant Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant (FCR3) strain (IC50 = 0.2 ± 0.01 μM) than δ-mangostin (IC50 = 121.2 ± 1.0 μM). Furthermore, the therapeutic response according to the administration route was evaluated in a Plasmodium berghei malarial murine model. The greatest therapeutic response was obtained with intraperitoneal administration; these xanthones reduced parasitemia by approximately 80% with a daily dose of 100 mg/kg administered twice a day for 7 days of treatment. Neither compound was effective by oral administration. Noticeable toxicological effects were not observed. In addition to the antimalarial effect of these xanthones isolated from G. mangostana husk, the availability of larger amounts of husk raw material to purify the bioactive xanthones is advantageous, permitting additional preclinical assays or chemical transformations to enhance the biological activity of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
- Center for Development of Products against Tropical Diseases - CIDEPRO, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Gil Romero
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Winston Quiñones
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Rosendo Archbold
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Fernando Torres
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Escobar
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Bibiana Nariño
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Fernando Echeverri
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Wang A, Liu Q, Ye Y, Wang Y, Lin L. Identification of hepatoprotective xanthones from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana, guided with tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative injury in HL-7702 cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:3013-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00573f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study identified γ-mangostin from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana as a potential hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 201203 Shanghai
- China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
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25
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Liu QY, Wang YT, Lin LG. New insights into the anti-obesity activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana. Food Funct 2015; 6:383-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
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26
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Khaw KY, Choi SB, Tan SC, Wahab HA, Chan KL, Murugaiyah V. Prenylated xanthones from mangosteen as promising cholinesterase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1303-1309. [PMID: 25172794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana is a well-known tropical plant found mostly in South East Asia. The present study investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of G. mangostana extract and its chemical constituents using Ellman's colorimetric method. Cholinesterase inhibitory-guided approach led to identification of six bioactive prenylated xanthones showing moderate to potent cholinesterases inhibition with IC50 values of lower than 20.5 μM. The most potent inhibitor of AChE was garcinone C while γ-mangostin was the most potent inhibitor of BChE with IC50 values of 1.24 and 1.78 μM, respectively. Among the xanthones, mangostanol, 3-isomangostin, garcinone C and α-mangostin are AChE selective inhibitors, 8-deoxygartanin is a BChE selective inhibitor while γ-mangostin is a dual inhibitor. Preliminary structure-activity relationship suggests the importance of the C-8 prenyl and C-7 hydroxy groups for good AChE and BChE inhibitory activities. The enzyme kinetic studies indicate that both α-mangostin and garcinone C are mixed-mode inhibitors, while γ-mangostin is a non-competitive inhibitor of AChE. In contrast, both γ-mangostin and garcinone C are uncompetitive inhibitors, while α-mangostin is a mixed-mode inhibitor of BChE. Molecular docking studies revealed that α-mangostin, γ-mangostin and garcinone C interacts differently with the five important regions of AChE and BChE. The nature of protein-ligand interactions is mainly hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding. These bioactive prenylated xanthones are worthy for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Khaw
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - S B Choi
- Bioprocess Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - S C Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - H A Wahab
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation (PhDS) Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - K L Chan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - V Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Distribution of Major Xanthones in the Pericarp, Aril, and Yellow Gum of Mangosteen (Garcinia MangostanaLinn.) Fruit and Their Contribution to Antioxidative Activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:984-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Jittiporn K, Suwanpradid J, Patel C, Rojas M, Thirawarapan S, Moongkarndi P, Suvitayavat W, Caldwell RB. Anti-angiogenic actions of the mangosteen polyphenolic xanthone derivative α-mangostin. Microvasc Res 2014; 93:72-9. [PMID: 24721607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision loss in diseases characterized by retinal ischemia and is characterized by the pathological growth of abnormal vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play an important role in this process. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in up-regulation of VEGF associated with neovascularization in various tissues. Hence, compounds with anti-oxidant actions can prevent neovascularization. α-Mangostin, a component of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn), has been shown to have an anti-oxidant property in pathological conditions involving angiogenesis such as cancer. However, the effect of α-mangostin on ROS formation and angiogenic function in microvascular endothelial cells has not been studied. Hence, this study demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effects of α-mangostin in relation to ROS formation in bovine retinal endothelial cells (REC). α-Mangostin significantly and dose-dependently reduced formation of ROS in hypoxia-treated REC. α-Mangostin also significantly and dose-dependently suppressed VEGF-induced increases in permeability, proliferation, migration and tube formation in REC and blocked angiogenic sprouting in the ex vivo aortic ring assay. In addition, α-mangostin inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and ERK1/2-MAPK. According to our results, α-mangostin reduces oxidative stress and limits VEGF-induced angiogenesis through a process involving abrogation of VEGFR2 and ERK1/2-MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Jittiporn
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Suwan Thirawarapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Wisuda Suvitayavat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Moongkarndi P, Jaisupa N, Samer J, Kosem N, Konlata J, Rodpai E, Pongpan N. Comparison of the biological activity of two different isolates from mangosteen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1171-9. [PMID: 24641353 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mangosteen has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases. Recent studies have reported the active constituents isolated from this plant. In this study, purified α-mangostin, a major component and partially purified water-soluble fraction found in fruit pericarps, was carefully isolated, and their biological activity was compared, i.e. antioxidative activity and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells: SKBR3. METHODS Antioxidative activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, whereas the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by the MTT assay and morphological changes by fluorescence staining. KEY FINDING The DPPH scavenging capacities of α-mangostin and water-soluble extract were obtained, the IC50 at 183.95 and 54.57 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased after treatment with α-mangostin and water-soluble extraction at 20 and 200 μg/ml, respectively. α-mangostin exhibited the cytotoxicity at ED50 8.21 μg/ml, while the water-soluble extract was non-toxic to cells at ED50 higher than 160 μg/ml. Both constituents showed antioxidative activity by chemical assay and in cells, but α-mangostin expressed strong cytotoxicity and showed apoptotic bodies. CONCLUSION The different isolated constituents would be further studied for future possible use as chemotherapy in cancer and chemoprevention in Alzheimer's disease.
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Electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) fiber mats containing crude Garcinia mangostana extracts for use as wound dressings. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang Q, Sun Y, Yang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cao Q, Sun X, Kuang H. Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from seeds of Pharbitis nil and its anti-oxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:460-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), a unique protein phosphatase, plays an important role in immune regulation. In this study we used CN as a target enzyme to investigate the immunosuppressive properties of a series of natural compounds from Garcinia mangostana L., and discovered an active compound, isogarcinol. Enzymatic assays showed that isogarcinol inhibited CN in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity isogarcinol significantly inhibited proliferation of murine spleen T-lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, it performed much better in acute toxicity tests and via oral administration in mice than cyclosporin A (CsA), with few adverse reactions and low toxicity in experimental animals. Oral administration of isogarcinol in mice resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and prolonged graft survival in allogeneic skin transplantation. These findings suggest that isogarcinol could serve as a new oral immunomodulatory drug for preventing transplant rejection, and for long-term medication in autoimmune diseases.
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Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A. A study on dispersion and characterisation of α-mangostin loaded pH sensitive microgel systems. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:85. [PMID: 23680098 PMCID: PMC3662622 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Mangostin was extracted with methanol from the rind of mangosteen fruit and purified by using silica gel column chromatography technique. The compound is characterised using infrared, (13)C and (1)H NMR as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The α-mangostin dispersion in colloidal systems was studied by incorporating it with an ionic microgel, poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-2VP at different pH. RESULT The DLS result showed the size of microgel-α-mangostin mixture declined from 548 nm to 200 nm upon the increment of the pH. Moreover, it was found the morphology of loaded compound depended largely on the nature of the continuous phase of the microgel system. Interestingly, by manipulating the pH, α-mangostin tends to form crystal at extremely low pH and transforms into spherical shapes at pH 6. CONCLUSION This research shows different structures of the α-mangostin particle that are attributed by adjusting the pH using microgel systems as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
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Suttirak W, Manurakchinakorn S. In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:3546-58. [PMID: 25477623 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on the screening of plant-derived raw materials for identifying new antioxidants. The special attention of research today is focused on inexpensive or residual sources from agricultural industries. Fruit peels as sources of powerful natural antioxidants are often the waste parts of various fruits from consumption and food industry. Among the fruit peels, mangosteen peel is an important source of natural phenolic antioxidants. The mangosteen peel contains various bioactive substances, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess biological and medicinal properties, especially antioxidant properties. The aim of this review, after presenting analytical techniques for determining in vitro antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, is to summarize available data on the factors affecting antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract. In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, the bioactive compounds identified from mangosteen peel extract and their antioxidant activity are presented. Potential applications of the mangosteen peel extract in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerayuth Suttirak
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161 Thailand
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Fun HK, Tantapakul C, Laphookhieo S, Boonnak N, Chantrapromma S. Absolute configuration of xerophenone A. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1451-2. [PMID: 22590330 PMCID: PMC3344568 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812015267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C33H42O5, known as xerophenone A {systematic name: (1R,3R,4R,6S,8E,10R)-10-hydroxy-8-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylene]-4-methyl-1,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-11-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.14,10]undecane-7,9-dione} is a naturally occurring rearranged benzophenone compound which was isolated from the twigs of Garcinia propinqua. The absolute configuration was determined by refining the Flack parameter to 0.18 (16). The absolute configurations at positions 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10 of the xerophenone A are R, R, R, S and R. In the molecule, the cyclohexane-1,3-dione, tetrahydro-2H-pyran and tetrahydrofuran rings adopt twisted boat, standard chair and envelope conformations, respectively. The 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl substituent is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.771 (11):0.229 (11) ratio. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O interactions into a chain along the a axis. A very weak C—H⋯π interaction and C⋯O short contact [2.989 (2) Å] are also present.
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Shiozaki T, Fukai M, Hermawati E, Juliawaty LD, Syah YM, Hakim EH, Puthongking P, Suzuki T, Kinoshita K, Takahashi K, Koyama K. Anti-angiogenic effect of α-mangostin. J Nat Med 2012; 67:202-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Taher M, Susanti D, Rezali MF, Zohri FSA, Ichwan SJA, Alkhamaiseh SI, Ahmad F. Apoptosis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of phytochemicals from Garcinia malaccensis Hk.f. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Liu JP, Lu D, Li PY, Zhang LX. Two new xanthones from the pericarp ofGarcinia mangostana. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:61-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.534094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Pierson JT, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ. Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: Bioactive compounds and their bioactivities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:357-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Biological activity and stability of mangosteen as a potential natural color. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:2257-9. [PMID: 22056452 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mangosteen pericarp color indicates antioxidant activity relating to the concentration of phenolics and flavonoids. The extract moderately inhibited Bacilus subtilis and was found to be stable at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL at pH 3 at 23 °C over 7 d. Mangosteen pericarp extracts can therefore be used in pharmaceutical products that require low to medium pH.
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Nkobole N, Houghton PJ, Hussein A, Lall N. Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia sericea Constituents. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that affects more than 100 million people worldwide. South African plants namely Terminalia sericea, Euclea natalensis, Warbugia salutaris, Aloe ferox, Artemisia afra, Sclerocarya birrea, Spirostachys africana and Psidium guajava were investigated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase properties, and antioxidant activities. Terminalia sericea stem bark extract showed the best results against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an acetone extract of T. sericea stem bark led to the isolation of four known compounds namely β-sitosterol (1), β-sitosterol-3-acetate (2), lupeol (3), and stigma-4-ene-3-one (4), in addition to two inseparable sets of mixtures of isomers [epicatechin-catechin (M1), and gallocatechin-epigallocatechin (M2). 1 and 3 showed the best inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase (IC50:54.5 and 66.5 μM). Bio-evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the purified compounds on α-amylase showed that 3 and 1 exhibited IC50 values of 140.7 and 216.02 μM, respectively against α-amylase. Compounds 2, M1, 3 and M2 were found to be nontoxic to Vero cells. This study is the first to report α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity of M1, M2, 2 and 4 isolated from T. sericea, which validated the traditional use of the bark of T. sericea for diabetes in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolitha Nkobole
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Human Science Research Council's Centre for Science, Technology and Inovation Indicators (CESTII), Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (PHHSI), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter James Houghton
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building 150, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Naczk M, Towsend M, Zadernowski R, Shahidi F. Protein-binding and antioxidant potential of phenolics of mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chem 2011; 128:292-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arunrattiyakorn P, Suksamrarn S, Suwannasai N, Kanzaki H. Microbial metabolism of α-mangostin isolated from Garcinia mangostana L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:730-734. [PMID: 21377704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
α-Mangostin (1), a prenylated xanthone isolated from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana L., was individually metabolized by two fungi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (EYL131) and Neosartorya spathulata (EYR042), repectively. Incubation of 1 with C. gloeosporioides (EYL131) gave four metabolites which were identified as mangostin 3-sulfate (2), mangostanin 6-sulfate (3), 17,18-dihydroxymangostanin 6-sulfate (4)and isomangostanin 3-sulfate (5). Compound 2 was also formed by incubation with N. spathulata (EYR042). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Of the isolated metabolites, 2 exhibited significant anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panarat Arunrattiyakorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Zhao Y, Liu JP, Lu D, Li PY, Zhang LX. A new antioxidant xanthone from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn. Nat Prod Res 2011; 24:1664-70. [PMID: 20954095 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.499539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The air-dried fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana Linn. were extracted with 85% ethanol. Furthermore, a new xanthone, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyrano[2',3':7,8]xanthone, along with five known xanthones related to their antioxidant activity was purified by silica gel column chromatography and then identified using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging capability. An activity-guided isolation and purification process were used to identify the components, showing the strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity of G. mangostana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun 130118, China
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Jiang HZ, Quan XF, Tian WX, Hu JM, Wang PC, Huang SZ, Cheng ZQ, Liang WJ, Zhou J, Ma XF, Zhao YX. Fatty acid synthase inhibitors of phenolic constituents isolated from Garcinia mangostana. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6045-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ryu HW, Curtis-Long MJ, Jung S, Jin YM, Cho JK, Ryu YB, Lee WS, Park KH. Xanthones with neuraminidase inhibitory activity from the seedcases of Garcinia mangostana. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6258-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Santos CM, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Gomes A, Silva AM, Cavaleiro JA, Fernandes E. 2,3-Diarylxanthones as strong scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: A structure–activity relationship study. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6776-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chantrapromma S, Boonnak N, Fun HK, Karalai C, Chantrapromma K. Brasilixanthone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2066-7. [PMID: 21588369 PMCID: PMC3007390 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810027285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title xanthone [systematic name: 5,13-dihydroxy-3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-3H-dipyrano[3,2-a:2′,3′-i]xanthen-14(10H)-one], C23H20O6, was isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. There are two molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, which show chemical but not crystallographic inversion symmetry. The xanthone skeleton in both molecules is approximately planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0326 (9) Å for molecule A and 0.0355 (9) Å for molecule B from the plane through the 14 non-H atoms. The pyran rings in both molecules adopt sofa conformations. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) ring motifs. Viewed onto the bc plane, the crystal structure resembles a herringbone pattern. Stacks of molecules are stabilized by π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.600 (5) Å. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions.
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