1
|
Espeche WG, Marin M, Romero C, Renna N, Vissani S, Blanco G, Pantalena SP, Cesario D, Diez E, Grasso C, Garzon E, Barochiner J, Ruise M, Minetto J, Mazzei N, Ramirez E, Rojas M, Carrera Ramos P, Gimenez MS, Rivarola M, Rada N, Deffacci A, Leiva Sisnieguez BC, Vissani J, Bercovsky R, Tenuta MA, Martinez C, Cerri G, Salazar R, Graziani L, Cornavaca T, Salazar MR. [Prevalence, knowledge and control of arterial hypertension in vulnerable neighborhoods of Argentina: A Cross-sectional Study]. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2024; 41:78-86. [PMID: 38418299 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) represents the primary individual risk factor, contributing significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In our country, epidemiological research has highlighted substantial variations in the prevalence of these risk factors across different populations. However, there is a lack of epidemiological studies assessing exclusive cardiovascular risk factors within vulnerable neighborhoods characterized by extremely limited economic resources, sociocultural challenges, and inadequate healthcare access. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted among individuals residing in economically deprived and marginalized communities, including informal settlements and underprivileged neighborhoods. Simple random sampling of households was employed. Blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, and epidemiological, economic, and sociocultural questionnaires were administered. Results encompass prevalence rates, awareness levels, and blood pressure control across diverse regions. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent variables influencing primary outcomes. RESULTS A total of 989 participants were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 48.2%. About 82% had a body mass index (BMI) >25. Approximately 45.3% had less than 6 years of formal education. Independent association was established between education levels below 6 years and higher hypertension prevalence. Among hypertensive individuals, 44% were unaware of their condition, with only 17.2% achieving control, correlated with having health insurance and a higher educational background. Merely 24% were receiving combined therapy. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension within vulnerable neighborhoods is alarmingly high, surpassing rates in other social strata. Knowledge, treatment, and control levels of hypertension are suboptimal, comparable to other populations. Inadequate use of combination therapy was observed. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing cardiovascular risk factors in poor areas to mitigate the burden of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Espeche
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Marin
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Sección de Hipertensión, Hospital Italiano de San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Romero
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, EE. UU
| | - N Renna
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - S Vissani
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Centro de Especialidades Neurológicas y Rehabilitación (CENYR) San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - G Blanco
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Consultorios, Instituto Médico Prometeo, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S P Pantalena
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Servicio de Cardiología, Centro Modelo en Cardiología, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - D Cesario
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Villa Constitución, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Diez
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo - UNCuyo - CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - C Grasso
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina
| | - E Garzon
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Privado de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Barochiner
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Sección de Hipertensión arterial, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Ruise
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Servicio de Cardiología CCV, Clínica Yunes, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - J Minetto
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - N Mazzei
- Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Ramirez
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Rojas
- Centro de Especialidades Neurológicas y Rehabilitación (CENYR) San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - P Carrera Ramos
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Gimenez
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Rivarola
- Consultorios, Instituto Médico Prometeo, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Rada
- Consultorios, Instituto Médico Prometeo, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Deffacci
- Núcleo de Innovación y Desarrollo de Oportunidades, Municipalidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - B C Leiva Sisnieguez
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Vissani
- Centro de Especialidades Neurológicas y Rehabilitación (CENYR) San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - R Bercovsky
- Consultorios, Instituto Médico Prometeo, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Tenuta
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - C Martinez
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Cerri
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Salazar
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - L Graziani
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - T Cornavaca
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Privado de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M R Salazar
- Sociedad Argentina de Hipertensión Arterial, CABA, Argentina; Unidad de Enfermedades Cardiometabólicas, Hospital San Martín de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fouda AY, Xu Z, Suwanpradid J, Rojas M, Shosha E, Lemtalsi T, Patel C, Xing J, Zaidi SA, Zhi W, Stansfield BK, Cheng PNM, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Targeting proliferative retinopathy: Arginase 1 limits vitreoretinal neovascularization and promotes angiogenic repair. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:745. [PMID: 36038541 PMCID: PMC9424300 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for treatment of proliferative retinopathy focus on retinal neovascularization (RNV) during advanced disease and can trigger adverse side-effects. Here, we have tested a new strategy for limiting neurovascular injury and promoting repair during early-stage disease. We have recently shown that treatment with a stable, pegylated drug form of the ureohydrolase enzyme arginase 1 (A1) provides neuroprotection in acute models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, optic nerve crush, and ischemic stroke. Now, we have determined the effects of this treatment on RNV, vascular repair, and retinal function in the mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Our studies in the OIR model show that treatment with pegylated A1 (PEG-A1), inhibits pathological RNV, promotes angiogenic repair, and improves retinal function by a mechanism involving decreased expression of TNF, iNOS, and VEGF and increased expression of FGF2 and A1. We further show that A1 is expressed in myeloid cells and areas of RNV in retinal sections from mice with OIR and human diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and in blood samples from ROP patients. Moreover, studies using knockout mice with hemizygous deletion of A1 show worsened RNV and retinal injury, supporting the protective role of A1 in limiting the OIR-induced pathology. Collectively, A1 is critically involved in reparative angiogenesis and neuroprotection in OIR. Pegylated A1 may offer a novel therapy for limiting retinal injury and promoting repair during proliferative retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Esraa Shosha
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ji Xing
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Syed A Zaidi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brain K Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shosha E, Qin L, Lemtalsi T, Zaidi SAH, Rojas M, Xu Z, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB, Fouda AY. Investigation of Retinal Metabolic Function in Type 1 Diabetic Akita Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900640. [PMID: 35722112 PMCID: PMC9201036 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in working age adults. Understanding the retinal metabolic response to circulating high glucose levels in diabetic patients is critical for development of new therapeutics to treat DR. Measuring retinal metabolic function using the Seahorse analyzer is a promising technique to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on retinal glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Here, we analyzed the retinal metabolic function in young and old diabetic and control mice. We also compared the expression of key glycolytic enzymes between the two groups. The Seahorse XF analyzer was used to measure the metabolic function of retina explants from young and old type 1 diabetic Akita (Ins2Akita) mice and their control littermates. Rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes were analyzed in retina lysates from the two age groups by Western blotting. Retinas from young adult Akita mice showed a decreased glycolytic response as compared to control littermates. However, this was not observed in the older mice. Western blotting analysis showed decreased expression of the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 in the young Akita mice retinas. Measurement of the oxygen consumption rate showed no difference in retinal mitochondrial respiration between Akita and WT littermates under normal glucose conditions ex vivo despite mitochondrial fragmentation in the Akita retinas as examined by electron microscopy. However, Akita mice retinas showed decreased mitochondrial respiration under glucose-free conditions. In conclusion, diabetic retinas display a decreased glycolytic response during the early course of diabetes which is accompanied by a reduction in PFKFB3. Diabetic retinas exhibit decreased mitochondrial respiration under glucose deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Shosha
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Luke Qin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Syed A. H. Zaidi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Robert William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ruth B. Caldwell,
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Abdelrahman Y. Fouda,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sosa C, Rivas M, Mascareño P, Amarilla L, Ricardo A, Rojas M, Gonzalez J, Sosa P. Outcome of fetal microneurosurgery for intrauterine spina bifida repair in country with deficient healthcare system. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:120-122. [PMID: 34255893 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Sosa
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Rivas
- Departamento de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - P Mascareño
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | - L Amarilla
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | - A Ricardo
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | - M Rojas
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | - J Gonzalez
- Departamento de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - P Sosa
- Fundación Fetosur, Medicina Materno Fetal y Cirugía Fetal, Sanatorio Internacional, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdelrahman AA, Bunch KL, Rojas M, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Abstract P134: Peg-arginase 1 Limits Vascular Complications Of Type 2 Diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.p134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Distinct from its role in the urea cycle, the function of arginase 1 (A1) in regulating inflammatory responses has been demonstrated to be an intriguing target for controlling chronic, neuroinflammatory disease. Arginase competes with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms for their common substrate, L-arginine. Inflammatory cytokines increase expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) resulting in oxidant stress. Our group has recently shown that the polyethylene glycol-linked arginase 1 (PEG-A1) formulation, which provides enzyme stability, is a promising treatment that can counteract the destructive effects of neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in ischemic retinal disease. This study assessed the efficacy of systemic PEG-A1 treatment in protecting the retinal neurovascular system from the effects of chronic hyperglycemia in a well-established murine model of type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
Studies were performed using 16-week-old obese, diabetic
db/db
mice to examine effects of chronic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia on the retina. Lean
Db/db
littermates served as controls (n= 7/group). The
db/db
mice (n= 8/group) were treated with PEG-A1 (25 mg/kg IP) or PEG alone (control) 7 times over 2 weeks. Activation of the inflammasome pathway was examined by Western blots. Immuno-labeling of 4-HNE was used to quantify oxidative stress. Breakdown of the blood retinal barrier (BRB) was examined via albumin extravasation.
Results:
Expression of inflammasome pathway proteins, iNOS, caspase 1, IL-1β, and TNFα were upregulated in conjunction with increased cell death and breakdown of the BRB in
db/db
mice compared to controls. PEG-A1 treatment of the
db/db
mice significantly decreased the expression of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNFα, while reducing oxidative stress and preserving the BRB, as evidenced by decreased albumin leakage compared to
db/db
mice treated with PEG.
Conclusions:
Chronic diabetes increases retinal inflammation, oxidative stress and BRB disruption. We hypothesize that systemic PEG-A1 administration provides significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant protection while inhibiting BRB breakdown in the
db/db
obese, diabetic mouse by decreasing L-arginine availability for iNOS and thereby inhibiting its expression/activity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rincón-Arévalo H, Rojas M, Vanegas-García A, Muñoz-Vahos C, Orejuela-Erazo J, Vásquez G, Castaño D. Atypical phenotype and response of B cells in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:221-238. [PMID: 33459349 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be classified as seropositive or seronegative according to the presence of autoantibodies. An abnormal B cell phenotype and function could be one of the main components of the immunopathology of seropositive patients; however, there is little information regarding B cell defects in these patients. This study shows a broad characterization of the B cell phenotype and function in patients with seropositive RA. We focused mainly on the evaluation of subsets, the expression of modulatory molecules of cell activation (CD22, FcɣRIIb and FcµR), calcium mobilization, global tyrosine phosphorylation, expression of activation markers, cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) production, proliferation and the in-vitro generation of plasma cells. Increased frequency of CD27- IgM- IgD- and CD21- B cells was observed in patients with seropositive RA compared with healthy donors (HD). Decreased expression of CD22 was primarily found in memory B cells of patients with RA regardless of seropositivity. B cells from seropositive patients exhibited normal proliferation, calcium mobilization kinetics and global tyrosine phosphorylation, but showed an increased frequency of CD86+ B cells compared with HD. B cells of seropositive patients secrete less interleukin-10 after in-vitro activation and showed a decreased frequency of plasma cell differentiation and IgM production compared with HD. Our data indicate that patients with seropositive RA have an increased frequency of atypical B cell populations previously associated with chronic activation and antigen exposure. This may result in the observed low responsiveness of these cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Rincón-Arévalo
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Unidad de Citometría, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Vanegas-García
- Unidad Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Muñoz-Vahos
- Unidad Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Orejuela-Erazo
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - G Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Calle M, Dawson L, Rojas M, Loetz E. 110 Pregnancy rate and embryo viability in response to chorionic gonadotrophins given for oestrus induction and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 5 days after timed laparoscope-aided insemination of lactating and non-lactating goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv33n2ab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophins are included in oestrous/ovulation synchronization (E/OS) regimens when breeding early in the transitional phase to promote follicular development. However, the time of use has been a matter of debate. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether equine and human chorionic gonadotrophins (eCG and hCG, respectively) given 24h before or 24h after concurrent removal of intravaginal progestagen (P4) and prostaglandin (PGF2α) delivery influences pregnancy rate (PR) and/or embryo viability (EV). Relatedly, the influence of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 5 days post-breeding (dpb) on PR and/or EV was also considered. A prospective randomised control trial was conducted using lactating and non-lactating Alpine breed goats of different parity, average±s.e. age, and bodyweight (3.7±2.6), and (52.5±7), respectively. Goats were time-bred at 48h after P4 removal by laparoscopy (LAI; n=75) or by natural service (NS; n=29) during the early transitional breeding phase in mid-September through mid-December (corresponding to 12:12h daylight/darkness). E/OS used an intravaginal device containing 300mg of P4 for 12±1d. At P4 removal, 2mL of PGF2α was administered IM. Twenty-four hours before (E) or 24h after (L) P4 removal, an IM dose of 1.5mL containing 120IU of eCG and 60IU of hCG was given. A third control (C) group (n=38) was not exposed to gonadotrophins. GnRH analogue was given (n=51) 5 days after insemination, and the remaining goats (n=53) received an IM dose of 2mL of saline solution. PR was evaluated at 18 to 24 (dpb) by non-return to oestrus (NRE), at 30 dpb by pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and at 40 dpb by ultrasound imaging (UI). EV was determined from the difference between pregnancy outcomes for NRE and PSPB, and PSPB and UI. Statistical analysis (JMP/SAS vs.11; SAS Institute Inc.) were obtained using logistic regression. All concomitant variables (i.e. parity, bodyweight, days of P4 exposure, and lactation were not influenced by PR or EV; P>0.07). The overall PR was 71% for LAI and 69% for NS and, as shown in Table 1, was similar (P>0.49) at all times (at 18 to 24, 30, and 40 dpb). Likewise, the breeding procedure did not influence the levels of EV at 30 or 40 dpb. E/OS protocol or the use of GnRH 5 dpb did not affect PR or EV at any of the time points evaluated.
Table 1.
Main effect mean comparisons and logistic model probabilities for pregnancy rate (PR) and embryo viability (EV) by main treatment effect
Response variable (days post-breeding)
Breeding procedure
E/OS Protocol
Gonadotrophin
LAI
NS
P>
Control
Early
Late
P>
GnRH
Placebo
P>
PR at 18–24
77
72
0.49
76
73
78
0.83
78
74
0.49
PR at 30
68
66
0.65
66
65
70
0.82
71
64
0.43
PR at 40
69
69
0.78
66
69
73
0.77
73
66
0.43
EV at 30
89
90
0.94
86
94
90
0.65
92
87
0.46
EV at 40
88
95
0.42
86
89
94
0.73
92
87
0.43
Collapse
|
8
|
Loetz E, Rojas M. 112 Follicular dynamics and oestrus response of Alpine goats with oestrus/ovulation synchronized during the early transitional reproductive phase using gonadotrophin given early or late. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv33n2ab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrus and ovulation synchronization (E/OS) regimens for fixed-timed breeding are useful when consistently eliciting ovulation. Early synchronization in the reproductive season promotes unreliable oestrus behavioural and physiologic response due to insufficient ovarian priming. In ruminants, equine (eCG) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has FSH bioactivity or elicits ovulation, correspondingly. Hence, 120 and 60IU of eCG and hCG, respectively, are included in goat E/OS regimes. This experiment addresses the time when eCG/hCG (CG) is given relative to progestagen (P4) withdrawal and its effect on oestrus and ovulation. Fourteen non-lactating, Alpine breed goats, ranging from 1 to 6 kiddings, averaging±s.d. 3.9±2.0 years of age, and 56.3±5.0kg of bodyweight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) of 2.6±0.2, were evaluated early in the transitional reproductive phase (12h daylight:12h darkness). E/OS was accomplished with 12 day of P4 (200 mg) exposure by intravaginal insert. Three treatments were evaluated: Traditional (T; n=4) did not receive CG and served as the control group; early (E; n=5) received CG 24h before P4 removal; and reverse (R; n=5) received PGF2α 24h before P4 withdrawal as well as CG concurrent with P4 withdrawal. Oestrus response to E/OS was evaluated 24h after breeding using epididymectomized bucks. Ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasound (Aloka SSD-500V/7.5-MHz linear array probe) for 4 consecutive days starting with the first i.m. injection of 1.0mL of PGF2α or 1.5mL of CG. Images were digitized (MediCapture™) for later morphometry. The absence of effect (P>0.05) from concomitant variables age, BW, BCS, and parity was ascertained using a logistic regression model (JMP/SAS v15; SAS Institute Inc.). Ovulation, defined as the disappearance of the largest (>7mm) preovulatory follicle on a subsequent observation, was 100, 80, and 100%; and the average±s.e. number of ovulations per goat was 2±0.41, 1±0.32, and 1.3±0.49 (P>0.05). Table 1 summarises follicular size documented of 122 observations of ovulatory areas. Graafian follicle location was not different for left or right ovaries (P>0.05). Oestrus behavioural response to each E/OS treatment (T, E, or L) up to 24h after P4 removal was 50, 80, and 80% (P>0.05), respectively. In summary, oestrus response and ovulation were not affected by the variables studied. In this experience the timing of CG was not relevant.
Table 1.
Mean diameter (±SE; mm) of nonovulatory and preovulatory follicles on left (L) and right (R) ovaries
E/OS protocol
Non- and preovulatory
Nonovulatory
Preovulatory
L
R
L
R
L
R
Traditional
6.4±0.6
5.5±0.6
4.8±0.4
4.5±0.4
7.7±0.4
8.9±0.3
Early
5.2±0.3
5.5±0.4
4.9±0.2
4.4±0.3
8.4±1.2
8.1±0.2
Reverse
6.6±0.5
5.3±0.6
5.1±0.4
4.4±0.5
8.7±0.3
8.1±0.2
Overall
5.7±0.19
4.7±0.14
8.3±0.14
Collapse
|
9
|
Encinas F, Rojas M, Dawson L, Loetz E. 111 Use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or equine and human chorionic gonadotrophins for oestrus synchronization and their influence on embryo viability and progesterone levels on day 16 and 30 of goats receiving GnRH 5 days after intrauterine insemination or natural service. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv33n2ab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or equine and human chorionic gonadotrophins (eCG and hCG) were evaluated for oestrus/ovulation synchronization (E/OS), as well as the influence of GnRH 5 days post-breeding (dpb) on embryo viability (EV), and progesterone (P4) levels on Day 16 and 30 after laparoscopic AI (LAI) or natural service (NS). Fifty-four lactating/non-lactating Alpine breed goats (average of 3.82±1.2s.d. years of age) of mixed parity were E/OS during the early transitional breeding phase using 12±1 day of 300mg of P4 and 2mL of prostaglandin F2α analogue given at P4 removal. The experiment included a sub-group from a larger study in which a completely randomised design was used. The germane data were arranged as a 2×2×2 factorial. This study focused on goats receiving 120IU of eCG and 60IU of hCG (n=40), or GnRH analogue (n=14) 24h after P4 removal. At 5 dpb, 25 goats received 1mL (IM) of GnRH and the control (n=29) received 1mL of physiologic saline. Goats were time-bred 48h after P4 withdrawal by LAI (n=33) or NS (n=21). Pregnancy was diagnosed at 18 to 24, 30, and 40 dpb by non-return to oestrus, pregnancy-specific protein B, and ultrasound, respectively. EV was evaluated as the difference between pregnancy diagnosis results. Blood serum P4 was evaluated at 5, 16, and 30 dpb. A logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. Pregnancy rate (PR) for LAI or NS, at 18–24, 30, and 40 days was 73 vs. 76%, 67 vs. 62%, and 64 vs. 67%, respectively (P>0.72). In contrast, when GnRH was used for E/OS, the 5 dpb GnRH influenced EV at 30 days (95 vs. 81%; P=0.06) but not at 40 days (89 vs. 86%; P>0.35), compared with placebo. Similarly, with the exception of PR at 40 days (43 vs. 72%; P=0.05), for the GnRH and eCG/hCG E/OS groups, respectively, PR was not affected (P>0.12) by either E/OS or GnRH 5 dpb or their interaction (P>0.35) at any pregnancy diagnosis (i.e. 18–24, 30, or 40 dpb). Likewise, levels of P4 at 5, 16, and 30 dpb did not affect PR at 18–24, 30, and 40 dpb (P>0.92, 0.71, and 0.11). As shown in Table 1, the level of P4 was not influenced for goats receiving GnRH or placebo at 5, 16, or 30 dpb. The baseline mean P4 blood serum level for goats receiving GnRH 5 dpb differed at 16 but not at 30 dpb (P<0.001).
Table 1
Blood serum progesterone (P4, ng mL−1) in response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or placebo given 5 days post-breeding
Sampling day
GnRH
Placebo
P >1
Mean
±SE
Mean
±SE
5 (baseline)
6.2a
0.83
5.7a
0.72
0.66
16
11.7b
1.11
11.0b
1.05
0.65
30
6.2a
0.89
7.6c
0.84
0.26
a–cMean values with different superscripts within a column signify statistical difference for GnRH (P<0.001) and placebo (P<0.02).
1Probability for mean differences in the same row.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaikh M, Bean C, Bergholz L, Rojas M, Ali M, Forneris T. Integrating a Sport-Based Trauma-Sensitive Program in a National Youth-Serving Organization. Child Adolesc Social Work J 2021; 38:449-461. [PMID: 34108798 PMCID: PMC8179094 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-021-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a pressing need to equip youth-serving community organizations to respond to the unique needs of trauma-exposed children. Early prevention measures can be an effective means of redirecting children to self-regulatory healing, while facilitating their transition toward strength-based thriving. Sport can offer a powerful opportunity to reach these children; however there remains little information on how to effectively develop, deliver, evaluate, and sustain trauma-sensitive sport programs in a community context. The purpose of this paper is to outline a case study of integrating sport-based trauma-sensitive practices with BGC Canada's national Bounce Back League program. An interdisciplinary partnership of academic, community, and practice experts used a community-based participatory action research approach, paired with a knowledge translational approach, to guide the process of program development. Mixed methods (e.g., surveys, logbooks, interviews, focus groups, online communications) were used to generate ongoing insights of staff's training experiences, successes and challenges of program implementation, and potential impact of program on club members. Several stages of program development are described, including: (a) collaboratively planning the program; (b) piloting the program to three clubs; (c) adapting the program using pilot insights; (d) expanding the adapted program to ten clubs; and (e) creating opportunities to maintain, sustain, and scale-out practices throughout grant duration and beyond. Lessons learned regarding the leadership team's experiences in terms of developing, adapting, and integrating trauma-sensitive practices in this community context are shared. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10560-021-00776-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shaikh
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - C. Bean
- Brock University, St. Catharines, ON Canada
| | | | - M. Rojas
- Edgework Consulting, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Ali
- BGC Canada, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Forneris
- The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calle M, Dawson L, Rojas M, Loetz E. 151 Influence of chorionic gonadotrophin, breeding procedure, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on pregnancy, embryo viability, and kidding rate of lactating Alpine goats time inseminated during the early transitional reproductive phase. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrus and ovulation synchronisation (E/OS) regimens containing equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ECG) are used for follicular stimulation during the early transitional reproductive phase and goat anestrus. However, the effects of ECG when applied at different times are unknown. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of ECG, breeding procedure, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on pregnancy, embryonic viability, and kidding rate in dairy goats. We used 41 alpine goats (mean±standard deviation: 3.82±1.2 years old; 57.0±6.0kg of bodyweight; 1.75-2.25 body condition score; 195±16.7 days in milk; range of 1-4 kiddings). This study took place during the transitional phase (12h of daylight, 12h of dark) in September (35.9° N, 97.3° W) using controlled internal drug release intravaginal inserts (300mg of progestagen; P4) for 11, 12, or 13 days with a 2-mL intramuscular dose containing 10mg of dinoprost tromethamine at P4 removal. The E/OS protocols differed on the time when the 1-mL intramuscular dose of P.G. 600© (Merck Animal Health; 120 and 60IU of ECG and human chorionic gonadotrophin, respectively) was given (i.e. early=24h before P4 removal; late=24h after P4 removal), and the traditional control group did not receive P.G. 600. Time breeding, either by laparoscopic-aided insemination using frozen-thawed semen (n=28) or natural (n=13), was scheduled 48h after P4 removal. To improve embryo survival, 5 days post-breeding (dpb) 21 goats received 1mL of GnRH analogue intramuscularly as 50µgmL−1 gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate, and 20 control goats received 1mL of placebo intramuscularly. Pregnancy rate (PR) was evaluated at d 18-24 by non-return to oestrus, d 30 by pregnancy-specific protein B, and d 40 by ultrasound. Kidding rate was determined for females with at least one newborn. Logistic regression was used to establish statistical significance. Days of P4 exposure did not influence any response variable (P>0.20). Table 1 summarises the results; age influenced all PR evaluations. The number of kiddings and administration of GnRH at 5 dpb had a significant effect on PR, whereas bodyweight, days in milk, E/OS protocol, and breeding procedure were not influential. Embryo viability and kidding rate were not influenced by any variable. In short, P.G. 600 had no bearing on any response variable analysed. Late-lactating goats can be evaluated early in the transitional breeding phase using PR at 18-24, 30, or 40 dpb. As indicated by the lack of effect on embryo viability at 30 and 40 days, the mechanism by which GnRH increases PR was not by decreasing embryo mortality.
Table 1.Logistic model independent variable probabilities on response variables1
Response variable
Age (years)
BW
Kidding
DIM
E/OS protocol
GnRH
Breeding procedure
PR 18-24 d
0.02
0.65
0.15
0.52
0.37
0.21
0.30
PR 30 d
0.01
0.56
0.05
0.58
0.61
0.05
0.39
PR 40 d
0.001
0.12
0.01
0.60
0.62
0.02
0.35
EV 30 d
0.62
0.96
0.61
0.63
0.30
0.32
0.36
EV 40 d
0.44
0.90
0.26
0.36
0.46
0.17
0.40
KR
0.83
0.93
0.63
0.86
0.42
0.29
0.35
1BW=body weight; DIM=days in milk; E/OS=oestrus/ovulation synchronisation; GnRH=gonadotrophin-releasing hormone; PR=pregnancy rate; EV=embryo viability at 30 and 40 d; KR=kidding rate.
Collapse
|
12
|
Carrasquilla M, Zakzuk Sierra J, Alvis-Zakzuk N, Gomez de la Rosa F, Beltran-Rodriguez C, Rojas M, Prieto E, Yen G, Parellada C, Pavelyev A, De La Hoz F, Alvis Guzman N, Monsanto H. PIN9 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A GENDER-NEUTRAL QUADRIVALENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION PROGRAM IN COLOMBIA. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Xu Z, Fouda AY, Lemtalsi T, Shosha E, Rojas M, Liu F, Caldwell W, Narayanan P, Caldwell R. Neuroprotection from optic nerve trauma by deletion of arginase 2. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.665.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| | - Esraa Shosha
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| | - Fang Liu
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
- Clinical and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGA
| | - William Caldwell
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Pharmacology DepartmentAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
- Clinical and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGA
| | - Ruth Caldwell
- Vascular Biology CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery InstituteAugusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterAugustaGA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Hudson FZ, Xu Z, Tritz R, Rojas M, Patel C, Haigh SB, Bordán Z, Ingram DA, Fulton DJ, Weintraub NL, Caldwell RB, Stansfield BK. Neurofibromin Deficiency Induces Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Retinal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2520-2528. [PMID: 29847659 PMCID: PMC5963003 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the result of inherited mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the protein neurofibromin. Eye manifestations are common in NF1 with recent reports describing a vascular dysplasia in the retina and choroid. Common features of NF1 retinopathy include tortuous and dilated feeder vessels that terminate in capillary tufts, increased endothelial permeability, and neovascularization. Given the retinal vascular phenotype observed in persons with NF1, we hypothesize that preserving neurofibromin may be a novel strategy to control pathologic retinal neovascularization. Methods Nf1 expression in human endothelial cells (EC) was reduced using small hairpin (sh) RNA and EC proliferation, migration, and capacity to form vessel-like networks were assessed in response to VEGF and hypoxia. Wild-type (WT), Nf1 heterozygous (Nf1+/−), and Nf1flox/+;Tie2cre pups were subjected to hyperoxia/hypoxia using the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Retinas were analyzed quantitatively for extent of retinal vessel dropout, neovascularization, and capillary branching. Results Neurofibromin expression was suppressed in response to VEGF, which corresponded with activation of Mek-Erk and PI3-K-Akt signaling. Neurofibromin-deficient EC exhibited enhanced proliferation and network formation in response to VEGF and hypoxia via an Akt-dependent mechanism. In response to hyperoxia/hypoxia, Nf1+/− retinas exhibited increased vessel dropout and neovascularization when compared with WT retinas. Neovascularization was similar between Nf1+/− and Nf1flox/+;Tie2cre retinas, but capillary drop out in Nf1flox/+;Tie2cre retinas was significantly reduced when compared with Nf1+/− retinas. Conclusions These data suggest that neurofibromin expression is essential for controlling endothelial cell proliferation and retinal neovascularization and therapies targeting neurofibromin-deficient EC may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Farlyn Z Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Rebekah Tritz
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Stephen B Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordán
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - David A Ingram
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.,Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Brian K Stansfield
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States.,Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Perea AL, Rojas M, Velilla-Hernández PA. High concentrations of atorvastatin reduce in-vitro function of conventional T and regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:237-248. [PMID: 30638266 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs ) modulate the magnitude of immune responses and possess therapeutic potential in an array of immune diseases. Statins reduce the activation and proliferation of conventional T cells (Tcons ), and they seem to up-regulate the frequency and function of Tregs . However, there is a lack of simultaneous evaluation of the in-vitro effect of statins on the functional profile of Tregs versus Tcons . Herein, magnetically purified Tcons and Tregs were stimulated with CD3/CD28/interleukin (IL)-2 in the presence of atorvastatin (ATV) at 1 or 10 µM. The suppressive function of Tregs , the expression of markers associated with Treg function, activation levels, cytokine production and calcium flux in both subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. ATV had no cytotoxic effect on T cells at the concentrations used. Interestingly, 10 µM ATV hampered the suppressive capacity of Tregs . Moreover, this higher concentration reduced the expression of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1). In Tcons , ATV at 10 µM decreased PD-1 and CD45RO expression. The expression of CD25, CD69, CD95, CD38, CD62L, CCR7 and perforin was not affected in both subpopulations or at any ATV concentrations. Remarkably, 10 µM ATV increased the percentage of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-producing Tregs . Although there was a reduction of calcium flux in Tcons and Tregs , it was only significant in 10 µM ATV-treated Tcons . These results suggested that 10 µM ATV affects the cellular functions of both populations; however, this concentration particularly affected several aspects of Treg biology: its suppressive function, cytokine production and expression of Treg -specific markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Rodríguez-Perea
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Unidad de Citometría, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P A Velilla-Hernández
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Z, Fouda AY, Lemtalsi T, Shosha E, Rojas M, Liu F, Patel C, Caldwell RW, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RB. Retinal Neuroprotection From Optic Nerve Trauma by Deletion of Arginase 2. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:970. [PMID: 30618589 PMCID: PMC6306467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated expression of the mitochondrial isoform of the arginase enzyme arginase 2 (A2) in neurovascular injury during ischemic retinopathies. The aim of this study was to characterize the specific involvement of A2 in retinal injury following optic nerve crush (ONC). To accomplish this, wild-type (WT) or A2 knockout (A2-/-) mice were subjected to ONC injury. The contralateral eye served as sham control. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival was assessed in retinal whole mounts. Axonal sprouting was determined by anterograde transport of Cholera Toxin B (CTB). These analyses showed increased A2 expression following ONC. Numbers of NeuN-positive neurons as well as Brn3a- and RBPMS-positive RGC were decreased in the WT retinas at 14 days after ONC as compared to the sham controls. This ONC-induced neuronal loss was diminished in the A2-/- retinas. Similarly, axonal degeneration was ameliorated by A2 deletion whereas axon sprouting was enhanced. Significant retinal thinning was also seen in WT retinas at 21 days after ONC, and this was blocked in A2-/- mice. Cell death studies showed an increase in TUNEL positive cells in the RGC layer at 5 days after ONC in the WT retinas, and this was attenuated by A2 deletion. ONC increased glial cell activation in WT retinas, and this was significantly reduced by A2 deletion. Western blotting showed a marked increase in the neurotrophin, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream signaling in A2-/- retinas vs. WT after ONC. This was associated with increases in the axonal regeneration marker GAP-43 in A2-/- retinas. Furthermore, A2-/- retinas showed decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lower interleukin (IL-) 1β/IL-18 levels as compared to WT retinas subjected to ONC. Collectively, our results show that deletion of A2 limits ONC-induced neurodegeneration and glial activation, and enhances axonal sprouting by a mechanism involving increases in BDNF and decreases in retinal inflammation. These data demonstrate that A2 plays an important role in ONC-induced retinal damage. Blockade of A2 activity may offer a therapeutic strategy for preventing vision loss induced by traumatic retinal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Esraa Shosha
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - R William Caldwell
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Subhadra Priya Narayanan
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prieto E, Jiang Y, Yang X, Graham J, Monsanto H, Ruiz J, Beltrán C, Rojas M. A cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccinating older adults with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) compared to no vaccination, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), or PCV13 followed by PPV23 in Colombia. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Zunino C, Notejane M, Bernadá M, Rodríguez L, Vanoli N, Rojas M, Benech L, Mimbacas I. Pain in children and adolescents hospitalized in a center of reference. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 89:67-73. [PMID: 29664505 DOI: 10.4067/s0370-41062018000100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation and treatment of pain in hospitalized is still an important health pro blem. OBJECTIVE To know the prevalence, characteristics and approaches to pain management in children and adolescents hospitalized in the Pediatric Hospital of the Pereira Rossell Center (HP-CH- PR), a pediatric reference center in Uruguay. PATIENTS AND METHOD Cross-sectional study, through survey and review of clinical records on 09/13/16. All hospitalized children under the age of 19 were included. VARIABLES age, gender, reason for admission, presence of cognitive disorder, the prevalen ce of pain at some time during hospitalization, in the last 24 hours and during the interview, cause of maximum pain, intensity, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. RESULTS 97.4% (152/156) hospitalized children were included. Pain prevalence at some point during hospitalization: 51.3% (78/152, 95% CI: 43.2-59.3); in the previous 24 hours: 39.5% (60/152, 95% CI: 31.7-47.2); during the interview: 15.8% (24/152, 95% CI: 10-21.5). Intensity: mild 13/24, moderate-severe 11/24. Maximum pain referred during hospitalization: needle punctures 48.5% (38/78). They had some analgesic prescription 47.3% of them had some analgesic prescription. Inadequate interdose inter val: 45.8%; adequate dose 98.9%; intravenous administration: 43.7%; contraindication to oral route: 40.5%. CONCLUSIONS Regarding children and adolescents hospitalized, 39.5% reported pain 24 hours before being the interviewed and 15.8% reported pain during the interview. The maximum pain reported during hospitalization was due to needle punctures. Children in pain with inappropriate analgesic prescriptions are still detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zunino
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay,
| | - M Notejane
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Bernadá
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Vanoli
- Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Benech
- Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - I Mimbacas
- Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coggon D, Ntani G, Palmer KT, Felli VE, Harari F, Quintana LA, Felknor SA, Rojas M, Cattrell A, Vargas-Prada S, Bonzini M, Solidaki E, Merisalu E, Habib RR, Sadeghian F, Kadir MM, Warnakulasuriya SSP, Matsudaira K, Nyantumbu-Mkhize B, Kelsall HL, Harcombe H. Drivers of international variation in prevalence of disabling low back pain: Findings from the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability study. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:35-45. [PMID: 29882614 PMCID: PMC6492178 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Wide international variation in the prevalence of disabling low back pain (LBP) among working populations is not explained by known risk factors. It would be useful to know whether the drivers of this variation are specific to the spine or factors that predispose to musculoskeletal pain more generally. Methods Baseline information about musculoskeletal pain and risk factors was elicited from 11 710 participants aged 20–59 years, who were sampled from 45 occupational groups in 18 countries. Wider propensity to pain was characterized by the number of anatomical sites outside the low back that had been painful in the 12 months before baseline (‘pain propensity index’). After a mean interval of 14 months, 9055 participants (77.3%) provided follow‐up data on disabling LBP in the past month. Baseline risk factors for disabling LBP at follow‐up were assessed by random intercept Poisson regression. Results After allowance for other known and suspected risk factors, pain propensity showed the strongest association with disabling LBP (prevalence rate ratios up to 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2–3.1; population attributable fraction 39.8%). Across the 45 occupational groups, the prevalence of disabling LBP varied sevenfold (much more than within‐country differences between nurses and office workers), and correlated with mean pain propensity index (r = 0.58). Conclusions Within our study, major international variation in the prevalence of disabling LBP appeared to be driven largely by factors predisposing to musculoskeletal pain at multiple anatomical sites rather than by risk factors specific to the spine. Significance Our findings indicate that differences in general propensity to musculoskeletal pain are a major driver of large international variation in the prevalence of disabling low back pain among people of working age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Coggon
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, UK
| | - G Ntani
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, UK
| | - K T Palmer
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, UK
| | - V E Felli
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Harari
- Corporación para el Desarrollo de la Producción y el Medio Ambiente Laboral - IFA (Institute for the Development of Production and the Work Environment), Quito, Ecuador
| | - L A Quintana
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S A Felknor
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, TX, USA.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Rojas
- Program Health, Work and Environment in Central America, Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - A Cattrell
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Goodmayes Hospital, Ilford, Essex, UK
| | - S Vargas-Prada
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Unidad Central de Contingencias Comunes (U3C), Mutua Asepeyo, Spain
| | - M Bonzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Solidaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Merisalu
- Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R R Habib
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - F Sadeghian
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - M M Kadir
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S S P Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - K Matsudaira
- Department for Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Nyantumbu-Mkhize
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - H L Kelsall
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - H Harcombe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shosha E, Xu Z, Narayanan SP, Lemtalsi T, Fouda AY, Rojas M, Xing J, Fulton D, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Mechanisms of Diabetes-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence: Role of Arginase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041215. [PMID: 29673160 PMCID: PMC5979610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that diabetes-induced premature senescence of retinal endothelial cells is accompanied by NOX2-NADPH oxidase-induced increases in the ureohydrolase enzyme arginase 1 (A1). Here, we used genetic strategies to determine the specific involvement of A1 in diabetes-induced endothelial cell senescence. We used A1 knockout mice and wild type mice that were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and retinal endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to high glucose or transduced with adenovirus to overexpress A1 for these experiments. ABH [2(S)-Amino-6-boronohexanoic acid] was used to inhibit arginase activity. We used Western blotting, immunolabeling, quantitative PCR, and senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA β-Gal) activity to evaluate senescence. Analyses of retinal tissue extracts from diabetic mice showed significant increases in mRNA expression of the senescence-related proteins p16INK4a, p21, and p53 when compared with non-diabetic mice. SA β-Gal activity and p16INK4a immunoreactivity were also increased in retinal vessels from diabetic mice. A1 gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition protected against the induction of premature senescence. A1 overexpression or high glucose treatment increased SA β-Gal activity in cultured ECs. These results demonstrate that A1 is critically involved in diabetes-induced senescence of retinal ECs. Inhibition of arginase activity may therefore be an effective therapeutic strategy to alleviate diabetic retinopathy by preventing premature senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Shosha
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| | - Ji Xing
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The CEA family consists of two structurally and functionally distinct subgroups; the group including CEA, NCA and CGM-6 which are cell surface-bound by phosphatidylinositol (PI) linkages, and the group of BGP splice variants which have transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Although all CEA family members mediate intercellular adhesion in vitro, the PI-linked group show Ca++ and temperature independent adhesion whereas the BGP group show rapidly reversible Ca++ and temperature dependent adhesion. From the close alignment in cDNA nucleotide sequences between family members and between repeated domains in one family member, it is apparent that the CEA family is now rapidly evolving; in fact, analogs of only the transmembrane BGP group have been found so far in the mouse. The addition of a new group of potent adhesion molecules to complex species at some time after the rodent radiation has strong evolutional implications, which are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Stanners
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec-Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lendermon EA, Dodd-O JM, Coon TA, Wang X, Ensor CR, Cardenes N, Koodray CL, Heusey HL, Bennewitz MF, Sundd P, Bullock GC, Popescu I, Guo L, O'Donnell CP, Rojas M, McDyer JF. Azithromycin Fails to Prevent Accelerated Airway Obliteration in T-bet -/- Mouse Lung Allograft Recipients. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1566-1574. [PMID: 29880387 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular and molecular mechanisms of acute and chronic lung allograft rejection have yet to be clearly defined, and obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) remains the primary limitation to survival in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We have previously shown that T-bet-deficient recipients of full major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched, orthotopic left lung transplants develop accelerated obliterative airway disease (OAD) in the setting of acute cellular rejection characterized by robust alloimmune CD8+ interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ responses that are attenuated with neutralization of IL-17. Azithromycin has been shown to be beneficial in some LTRs with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome/OB. Here, we evaluated the effects of azithromycin on rejection pathology and T-cell effector responses in T-bet-/- recipients of lung transplants. METHODS Orthotopic left lung transplantation was performed in BALB/c → B6 wild type or BALB/c → B6 T-bet-/- strain combinations as previously described. Mice treated with azithromycin received 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg subcutaneously daily. Lung allograft histopathology was analyzed at day 10 or day 21 post-transplantation, and neutrophil staining for quantification was performed using anti-myeloperoxidase. Allograft mononuclear cells were isolated at day 10 for T-cell effector cytokine response assessment using flow cytometry. RESULTS We show that while azithromycin significantly decreases lung allograft neutrophilia and CXCL1 levels and attenuates allospecific CD8+ IL-17 responses early post-transplantation, OAD persists in T-bet-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that lung allograft neutrophilia is not essential for the development of OAD in this model and suggest allospecific T-cell responses that remain despite marked attenuation of CD8+ IL-17 are sufficient for obliterative airway inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Lendermon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - J M Dodd-O
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T A Coon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - X Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C R Ensor
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - N Cardenes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C L Koodray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H L Heusey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M F Bennewitz
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G C Bullock
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - I Popescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moreno PI, Vilanova I, Villa-Martínez R, Dunbar RB, Mucciarone DA, Kaplan MR, Garreaud RD, Rojas M, Moy CM, De Pol-Holz R, Lambert F. Onset and Evolution of Southern Annular Mode-Like Changes at Centennial Timescale. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3458. [PMID: 29472572 PMCID: PMC5823851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are the surface expression of geostrophic winds that encircle the southern mid-latitudes. In conjunction with the Southern Ocean, they establish a coupled system that not only controls climate in the southern third of the world, but is also closely connected to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and CO2 degassing from the deep ocean. Paradoxically, little is known about their behavior since the last ice age and relationships with mid-latitude glacier history and tropical climate variability. Here we present a lake sediment record from Chilean Patagonia (51°S) that reveals fluctuations of the low-level SWW at mid-latitudes, including strong westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, anomalously low intensity during the early Holocene, which was unfavorable for glacier growth, and strong SWW since ~7.5 ka. We detect nine positive Southern Annular Mode-like events at centennial timescale since ~5.8 ka that alternate with cold/wet intervals favorable for glacier expansions (Neoglaciations) in southern Patagonia. The correspondence of key features of mid-latitude atmospheric circulation with shifts in tropical climate since ~10 ka suggests that coherent climatic shifts in these regions have driven climate change in vast sectors of the Southern Hemisphere at centennial and millennial timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P I Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - I Vilanova
- CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - R B Dunbar
- School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - D A Mucciarone
- School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - M R Kaplan
- Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - R D Garreaud
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Rojas
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C M Moy
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R De Pol-Holz
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - F Lambert
- Departamento de Geografía Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rosi EJ, Bechtold HA, Snow D, Rojas M, Reisinger AJ, Kelly JJ. Urban stream microbial communities show resistance to pharmaceutical exposure. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Rosi
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
| | | | - D. Snow
- Nebraska Water Center/School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68583 USA
| | - M. Rojas
- Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - A. J. Reisinger
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
- Soil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - J. J. Kelly
- Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Narasimhulu D, Brown A, Egbert NM, Rojas M, Haberman S, Bhutada A, Minkoff H, Rastogi S. Maternal magnesium therapy, neonatal serum magnesium concentration and immediate neonatal outcomes. J Perinatol 2017; 37:1297-1303. [PMID: 28981078 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fetus is exposed to magnesium administered to the pregnant mother. However, there is controversy regarding magnesium-related neonatal adverse outcomes, largely driven by a limited understanding of the factors that influence neonatal serum magnesium concentrations and associated outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antenatal maternal magnesium dose and serum concentrations, neonatal serum magnesium concentration and immediate neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study was conducted at a community-based teaching hospital. Neonatal serum magnesium concentrations within 48 h of birth were used to stratify magnesium-exposed neonates into three groups: group 1: <2.5 mg dl-1, group 2: ⩾2.5 to <4.5 mg dl-1, and group 3:⩾4.5 mg dl-1. Immediate neonatal outcomes were compared between the three groups. Total maternal magnesium dose and serum magnesium concentrations before the delivery were correlated with neonatal serum magnesium concentrations and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 304 mother-baby dyads between 24 and 34 weeks gestation, 237 received antenatal magnesium. Neonatal serum magnesium concentration was 3.14±0.83 mg dl-1 in exposed and 1.96±0.42 mg dl-1 in unexposed neonates (P<0.001). Compared with group 2, neonates had higher odds of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage in group 1 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 33.66)) and group 3 (AOR 8.42 (95% CI 1.35 to 52.54)). Group 3 neonates also had increased odds of periventricular leukomalacia (AOR: 5.37 (95% CI 1.02 to 28.28) compared with group 2 neonates. Predictors of neonatal serum magnesium concentrations included maternal magnesium dose (r=0.66, P<0.0001), duration of therapy (r=0.70, P<0.0001) and serum concentration (r=0.72, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The between-group differences highlight that there is a therapeutic range of neonatal serum magnesium concentrations for neuroprotective effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate, while concentrations outside of this range may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration of maternal magnesium to minimize adverse neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Narasimhulu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - A Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - N M Egbert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Rojas
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S Haberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - A Bhutada
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - H Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rocha Arrieta YC, Rojas M, Vasquez G, Lopez J. The Lymphocytes Stimulation Induced DNA Release, a Phenomenon Similar to NETosis. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:229-238. [PMID: 28805301 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The release of DNA into the extracellular milieu by neutrophil during a process called NETosis has been postulated as an additional source of autoantigens; a process believed to be important in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not established if the B and T cells undergo the release of DNA to the extracellular milleu, in response to different stimuli. In this study, it was observed that the treatment of B and T cells with PMA, ionomycin and the serum from patients with SLE induced the extracellular DNA presence in B and T cells. These findings suggest that the phenomenon were similar to those observed in neutrophil's Etosis; B and T cells also released their DNA into the extracellular milieu. The findings express that serum from patients with SLE and SLEDAI ≤ 8 triggers the release of extracellular DNA in neutrophils, B and T cells, that suggested the presence of soluble factors in the serum that favoured this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Rocha Arrieta
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias/Lab 530-531, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M Rojas
- Unidad de Citometría/Lab 420, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética/Lab 510-511, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - G Vasquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética/Lab 510-511, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Lopez
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias/Lab 530-531, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rojas M, Lemtalsi T, Toque HA, Xu Z, Fulton D, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. NOX2-Induced Activation of Arginase and Diabetes-Induced Retinal Endothelial Cell Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020043. [PMID: 28617308 PMCID: PMC5488023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases in nitric oxide (NO) have been linked to vascular dysfunction during diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetes can reduce NO by increasing ROS and by increasing activity of arginase, which competes with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for their commons substrate l-arginine. Increased ROS and decreased NO can cause premature endothelial cell (EC) senescence leading to defective vascular repair. We have previously demonstrated the involvement of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived ROS, decreased NO and overactive arginase in DR. Here, we investigated their impact on diabetes-induced EC senescence. Studies using diabetic mice and retinal ECs treated with high glucose or H2O2 showed that increases in ROS formation, elevated arginase expression and activity, and decreased NO formation led to premature EC senescence. NOX2 blockade or arginase inhibition prevented these effects. EC senescence was also increased by inhibition of NOS activity and this was prevented by treatment with a NO donor. These results indicate that diabetes/high glucose-induced activation of arginase and decreases in NO bioavailability accelerate EC senescence. NOX2-generated ROS contribute importantly to this process. Blockade of NOX2 or arginase represents a strategy to prevent diabetes-induced premature EC senescence by preserving NO bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904-6285, USA.
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904-6285, USA.
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker, Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904-6285, USA.
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker, Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
| | - Robert William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker, Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, USA.
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904-6285, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baldwin SB, Djambazov B, Papenfuss M, Abrahamsen M, Denman C, Guernsey de Zapien J, Ortega L, Navarro Henze JL, Hunter J, Rojas M, García F, Giuliano AR. Chlamydial infection in women along the US–Mexico border. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 15:815-21. [PMID: 15601488 DOI: 10.1258/0956462042563792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have reported on sexually transmitted infections at the US–Mexico border, so the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in this population remains uncertain. This binational project investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, C. trachomatis among women along the Arizona, US–Sonora, Mexico border. Women who self-referred for routine gynaecological care were invited to complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire and to undergo a Pap smear, C. trachomatis test, and HPV test. In 2270 women, C. trachomatis prevalence overall was 8.2% as measured by hybrid capture and 2.6% by enzyme immunoassay. Infection was associated with young age, a history of new sexual partner(s) in the previous three months, HPV infection, and proximity of clinic to the international border. Antibiotic use in the previous 30 days was associated with decreased odds of infection. Women in Arizona–Sonora border communities are at increased risk for C. trachomatis infection compared to women attending clinics in non-border locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Baldwin
- Veterans Health Administration of Greater Los Angeles, Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center, 16111 Plummer St, Sepulveda, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Srur E, Toro P, Leiva M, Rojas M, Contreras N. Tratamiento transdisciplinario del linfedema mediante terapia físico-combinada compleja. Análisis de nuestra experiencia. Angiología 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Troncoso M, Santander P, Balut F, Barrios A, Faure F, Vergara D, Troncoso L, Rojas M, Galleguillos C. Clinical phenotype, genetic and imaging features in vanishing white matter disease/cach. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Santos N, Mendes GS, Silva RC, Pena GA, Rojas M, Amorim AR, Lima DP. Salivirus and aichivirus A infections in children with gastroenteritis in Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:799.e1-3. [PMID: 25889358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stool samples were obtained from healthy children and children with diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and analysed for aichivirus A and salivirus by reverse transcription PCR. Aichivirus A was detected in 5 (0.8%) and salivirus in 10 (1.7%) of the samples obtained from children with diarrhoea. None of the healthy children tested positive for these viruses. The results demonstrate that these viruses continuously circulate in the country, although at a low frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - G S Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G A Pena
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Rojas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Amorim
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D P Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Narayanan S, Patel C, Xu Z, Xing J, Rojas M, Caldwell R. Inhibition of Polyamine Oxidase Reduces Excitotoxicity‐mediated Retinal Neuro‐inflammation. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.Priya Narayanan
- Department of Occupational Therapy Georgia Regents University
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| | - Ji Xing
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| | - Ruth Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute Georgia Regents University
- Vascular Biology Center Georgia Regents UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- G. F. Gonzales
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Lima Perú
| | - R. Sanchez
- Center of Biotechnology in Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR); Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - M. Rojas
- Programa de Anatomìa y Biología del Desarrollo; ICBM; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Chile; Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - R. Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience; University of the Western Cape; Bellville South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Burbano C, Vasquez G, Rojas M. Modulatory Effects of CD14+CD16++ Monocytes on CD14++CD16− Monocytes: A Possible Explanation of Monocyte Alterations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:3371-81. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Burbano
- University of Antioquia, Medellín; Antioquia Colombia
| | - G. Vasquez
- University of Antioquia, Medellín; Antioquia Colombia
| | - M. Rojas
- University of Antioquia, Medellín; Antioquia Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang L, Bhatta A, Toque HA, Rojas M, Yao L, Xu Z, Patel C, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Arginase inhibition enhances angiogenesis in endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia. Microvasc Res 2014; 98:1-8. [PMID: 25445030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced arginase elevation plays an essential role in several vascular diseases but influence of arginase on hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis is completely unknown. In this study, in vitro network formation in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) was examined after exposure to hypoxia for 24h with or without arginase inhibition. Arginase activity, protein levels of the two arginase isoforms, eNOS, and VEGF as well as production of NO and ROS were examined to determine the involvement of arginase in hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. Hypoxia elevated arginase activity and arginase 2 expression but reduced active p-eNOS(Ser1177) and NO levels in BAEC. In addition, both VEGF protein levels and endothelial elongation and network formation were reduced with continued hypoxia, whereas ROS levels increased and NO levels decreased. Arginase inhibition limited ROS, restored NO formation and VEGF expression, and prevented the reduction of angiogenesis. These results suggest a fundamental role of arginase activity in regulating angiogenic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anil Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta GA, 30912, USA
| | - R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Suwanpradid J, Rojas M, Behzadian MA, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase 2 deficiency prevents oxidative stress and limits hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular degeneration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110604. [PMID: 25375125 PMCID: PMC4222858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperoxia exposure of premature infants causes obliteration of the immature retinal microvessels, leading to a condition of proliferative vitreoretinal neovascularization termed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous work has demonstrated that the hyperoxia-induced vascular injury is mediated by dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resulting in peroxynitrite formation. This study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the ureahydrolase enzyme arginase in this pathology. Methods and Findings Studies were performed using hyperoxia-treated bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRE) and mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) as experimental models of ROP. Treatment with the specific arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) prevented hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of BRE cells and reduced vaso-obliteration in the OIR model. Furthermore, deletion of the arginase 2 gene protected against hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration, enhanced physiological vascular repair, and reduced retinal neovascularization in the OIR model. Additional deletion of one copy of arginase 1 did not improve the vascular pathology. Analyses of peroxynitrite by quantitation of its biomarker nitrotyrosine, superoxide by dihydroethidium imaging and NO formation by diaminofluoroscein imaging showed that the protective actions of arginase 2 deletion were associated with blockade of superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and normalization of NOS activity. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the involvement of arginase activity and arginase 2 expression in hyperoxia-induced vascular injury. Arginase 2 deletion prevents hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular injury by preventing NOS uncoupling resulting in decreased reactive oxygen species formation and increased nitric oxide bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - M. Ali Behzadian
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rincón D, Foguet A, Rojas M, Segarra E, Sacristán E, Teixidor R, Ortega A. Time of cord clamping and neonatal complications, a prospective study. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
38
|
Rincón D, Foguet A, Rojas M, Segarra E, Sacristán E, Teixidor R, Ortega A. Tiempo de pinzamiento del cordón umbilical y complicaciones neonatales, un estudio prospectivo. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 81:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
39
|
Meruane M, Benítez S, Rojas M, Sagredo A, Marcelain K, Villalobos B. Epitelización inducida por células troncales derivadas del tejido adiposo. Cir plást iberolatinoam 2014. [DOI: 10.4321/s0376-78922014000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
40
|
Jittiporn K, Suwanpradid J, Patel C, Rojas M, Thirawarapan S, Moongkarndi P, Suvitayavat W, Caldwell RB. Anti-angiogenic actions of the mangosteen polyphenolic xanthone derivative α-mangostin. Microvasc Res 2014; 93:72-9. [PMID: 24721607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision loss in diseases characterized by retinal ischemia and is characterized by the pathological growth of abnormal vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play an important role in this process. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in up-regulation of VEGF associated with neovascularization in various tissues. Hence, compounds with anti-oxidant actions can prevent neovascularization. α-Mangostin, a component of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn), has been shown to have an anti-oxidant property in pathological conditions involving angiogenesis such as cancer. However, the effect of α-mangostin on ROS formation and angiogenic function in microvascular endothelial cells has not been studied. Hence, this study demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effects of α-mangostin in relation to ROS formation in bovine retinal endothelial cells (REC). α-Mangostin significantly and dose-dependently reduced formation of ROS in hypoxia-treated REC. α-Mangostin also significantly and dose-dependently suppressed VEGF-induced increases in permeability, proliferation, migration and tube formation in REC and blocked angiogenic sprouting in the ex vivo aortic ring assay. In addition, α-mangostin inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and ERK1/2-MAPK. According to our results, α-mangostin reduces oxidative stress and limits VEGF-induced angiogenesis through a process involving abrogation of VEGFR2 and ERK1/2-MAPK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Jittiporn
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Suwan Thirawarapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Wisuda Suvitayavat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ting A, Lehman N, Cardenes N, Kocyildirim E, Romagnoli M, Mroz L, Carceres E, Tedrow J, Bermudez C, Rojas M. The use of human bone marrow stem cells reduces endotoxin-induced lung injury in sheep. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Carrasco N, Rojas M, Aceituno P, Andree KB, Lacuesta B, Furones MD. Perkinsus chesapeaki observed in a new host, the European common edible cockle Cerastoderma edule, in the Spanish Mediterranean coast. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 117:56-60. [PMID: 24525498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Histological observations showed the presence of a Perkinsus sp. parasite in Cerastoderma edule tissues for the first time in the Spanish Mediterranean coast. ITS molecular characterization by PCR-RFLP, in situ hybridization and sequencing, identified the parasite as Perkinsus chesapeaki, with a maximum identity of 99-100% with GenBank P. chesapeaki sequences from France and 97% with P. chesapeaki sequences of North American origin when BLAST analysis was carried out. Furthermore, phylogenetic studies placed the European cockle parasite in a well defined cluster together with the other European isolates. This is the first report of P. chesapeaki in the cockle C. edule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Carrasco
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain; Catalonia's Aquaculture R&D and Innovation Reference Network (XRAq), Spain.
| | - M Rojas
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Aceituno
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain
| | - K B Andree
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain; Catalonia's Aquaculture R&D and Innovation Reference Network (XRAq), Spain
| | - B Lacuesta
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain; Catalonia's Aquaculture R&D and Innovation Reference Network (XRAq), Spain
| | - M D Furones
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Ctra. Poblenou Km 5, 43540 Tarragona, Spain; Catalonia's Aquaculture R&D and Innovation Reference Network (XRAq), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rojas M, Zhang W, Xu Z, Lemtalsi T, Chandler P, Toque HA, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Requirement of NOX2 expression in both retina and bone marrow for diabetes-induced retinal vascular injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84357. [PMID: 24358357 PMCID: PMC3866146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of blindness, is characterized by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leukocyte attachment to the vessel walls and increased vascular permeability. Previous work has shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the superoxide generating enzyme NOX2/NADPH oxidase play a crucial role in the vascular pathology. The aim of this work was to identify the cellular sources of the damaging NOX2 activity by studies using bone marrow chimera mice. Methods Bone marrow cells were collected from the femurs and tibias of wild type and NOX2 deficient (NOX2-/-) donor mice and injected intravenously into lethally irradiated NOX2-/- and wild type recipients. Following recovery from radiation, mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin injections. The following groups of bone marrow chimeras were studied: non-diabetic WT→WT, diabetic WT→WT, diabetic WT→NOX2-/-, diabetic NOX2-/-→WT. After 4 weeks of diabetes, early signs of retinopathy were examined by measuring ROS, expression of VEGF and ICAM-1, leukocyte attachment to the vessel wall and vascular permeability. Results The retinas of the diabetic WT→WT chimeras showed significant increases in ROS as compared with the non-diabetic chimeras. These diabetes-induced alterations were correlated with increases in expression of VEGF and ICAM-1, leukocyte adhesion and vascular permeability. Each of these diabetes-induced alterations were significantly attenuated in the diabetic WT→NOX2-/- and NOX2-/-→WT chimera groups (p<0.05). Conclusion NOX2-generated ROS produced by both bone marrow-derived cells and resident retinal cells contribute importantly to retinal vascular injury in the diabetic retina. Targeting NOX2 in bone marrow and/or retinal cells may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment/prevention of vascular injury in the diabetic retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modesto Rojas
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhimin Xu
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Phillip Chandler
- Immunotherapy Center, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Narayanan SP, Rojas M, Suwanpradid J, Toque HA, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase in retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 36:260-80. [PMID: 23830845 PMCID: PMC3759622 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity and retinal vein occlusion are a major cause of blindness in developed nations worldwide. Each of these conditions is associated with early neurovascular dysfunction. However, conventional therapies target clinically significant macula edema or neovascularization, which occur much later. Intra-ocular injections of anti-VEGF show promise in reducing retinal edema, but the effects are usually transient and the need for repeated injections increases the risk of intraocular infection. Laser photocoagulation can control pathological neovascularization, but may impair vision and in some patients the retinopathy continues to progress. Moreover, neither treatment targets early stage disease or promotes repair. This review examines the potential role of the ureahydrolase enzyme arginase as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic retinopathy. Arginase metabolizes l-arginine to form proline, polyamines and glutamate. Excessive arginase activity reduces the l-arginine supply for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), causing it to become uncoupled and produce superoxide and less NO. Superoxide and NO react and form the toxic oxidant peroxynitrite. The catabolic products of polyamine oxidation and glutamate can induce more oxidative stress and DNA damage, both of which can cause cellular injury. Studies indicate that neurovascular injury during retinopathy is associated with increased arginase expression/activity, decreased NO, polyamine oxidation, formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite and dysfunction and injury of both vascular and neural cells. Furthermore, data indicate that the cytosolic isoform arginase I (AI) is involved in hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction and injury of vascular endothelial cells whereas the mitochondrial isoform arginase II (AII) is involved in neurovascular dysfunction and death following hyperoxia exposure. Thus, we postulate that activation of the arginase pathway causes neurovascular injury by uncoupling NOS and inducing polyamine oxidation and glutamate formation, thereby reducing NO and increasing oxidative stress, all of which contribute to the retinopathic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Priya Narayanan
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Modesto Rojas
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Toque HA, Nunes KP, Rojas M, Bhatta A, Yao L, Xu Z, Romero MJ, Webb RC, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Arginase 1 mediates increased blood pressure and contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Front Immunol 2013; 4:219. [PMID: 23908657 PMCID: PMC3725429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced arginase (ARG) activity has been identified as a factor that reduces nitric oxide production and impairs endothelial function in vascular pathologies. Using a gene deletion model, we investigated involvement of arginase isoforms arginase 1 and 2 (ARG1 and ARG2) in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in a mineralocorticoid-salt mouse model. Hypertension was induced in wild type (WT), partial ARG1+/− knockout (KO), and complete ARG2−/− KO mice by uninephrectomy and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment for 6-weeks. (Control uninephrectomized mice drank tap water.) After 2 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was increased by ∼15 mmHg in all mouse genotypes. SBP continued to rise in DOCA-salt WT and ARG2−/− mice to ∼130 mmHg at 5–6 weeks, whereas in ARG1+/− mice SBP waned toward control levels by 6 weeks (109 ± 4 vs. 101 ± 3 mmHg, respectively). DOCA-salt treatment in WT mice increased vascular ARG activity (aorta by 1.5-fold; mesenteric artery (MA) by 2.6-fold and protein levels of ARG1 (aorta: 1.49-fold and MA: 1.73-fold) vs. WT Sham tissues. ARG2 protein increased in WT-DOCA MA (by 2.15-fold) but not in aorta compared to those of WT Sham tissues. Maximum endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in DOCA-salt WT mice and largely or partially maintained in DOCA ARG1+/− and ARG2−/− mice vs. their Sham controls. DOCA-salt augmented contractile responses to phenylephrine in aorta of all mouse genotypes. Additionally, treatment of aorta or MA from WT-DOCA mice with arginase inhibitor (100 μM) improved endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation. DOCA-salt-induced coronary perivascular fibrosis (increased by 2.1-fold) in WT was prevented in ARG1+/− and reduced in ARG2−/− mice. In summary, ARG is involved in murine DOCA-salt-induced impairment of vascular function and hypertension and may represent a novel target for antihypertensive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Patel C, Rojas M, Narayanan SP, Zhang W, Xu Z, Lemtalsi T, Jittiporn K, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase as a mediator of diabetic retinopathy. Front Immunol 2013; 4:173. [PMID: 23840196 PMCID: PMC3699717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that diabetes causes increases in retinal arginase activity that are associated with impairment of endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation and increased formation of the peroxynitrite biomarker nitrotyrosine. Arginase blockade normalizes vasodilation responses and reduces nitrotyrosine formation, suggesting that overactive arginase contributes to diabetic retinopathy by reducing NO and increasing oxidative stress. We tested this hypothesis by studies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and high glucose (HG) treated retinal ECs. Our results show that arginase activity is increased in both diabetic retinas and HG-treated retinal ECs as compared with the controls. Western blot shows that both arginase isoforms are present in retinal vessels and ECs and arginase I is increased in the diabetic vessels and HG-treated retinal ECs. Nitrate/nitrite levels are significantly increased in diabetic retinas, indicating an increase in total NO products. However, levels of nitrite, an indicator of bioavailable NO, are reduced by diabetes. Imaging analysis of NO formation in retinal sections confirmed decreases in NO formation in diabetic retinas. The decrease in NO is accompanied by increased O2.− formation and increased leukocyte attachment in retinal vessels. Studies in knockout mice show that arginase gene deletion enhances NO formation, reduces O2.− and prevents leukostasis in the diabetic retinas. HG treatment of retinal ECs also reduces NO release, increases oxidative stress, increases ICAM-1, and induces EC death. Arginase inhibitor treatment reverses these effects. In conclusion, diabetes- and HG-induced signs of retinal vascular activation and injury are associated with increased arginase activity and expression, decreased bioavailable NO, and increased O2.− formation. Blockade of the arginase pathway prevents these alterations, suggesting a primary role of arginase in the pathophysiological process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Patel
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gonzalez Florez HA, Rojas M, Quiroz J, Mancera Y. Abnormalities in cancer patients' coagulation system. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22207 Background: It is well known cancer patients may present both hemorrhagic and thrombotic abnormalities and these phenomena are difficult to diagnose and treat. Thrombotic phenomena are developed clinicly in 15% in cancer patients and it’s higher in adenocarcinomas and myeloprolipherative disorders. These complications can be the consequence of coagulations factor direct activation or chronic DIC, because of the acquired capacity of neoplastic cells for starting coagulation cascade. Methods: In this study an untreated cancer patients group were compared with another healthy controls group, older than 14 years. Patients before treatment and controls were laboratory tested. A t – test for independent samples was employed. Results: Number: patients group: 66, control group: 73. Median age: patients: 50 (17-78). Controls: 52 (18 -93). Sex: Patients: men: 35%, women: 65%. Controls: men: 52%, women: 48%. Malignancies: breast cancer 9.7%; gastric carcinoma 8.1%; cervical carcinoma 6.5%; NH lymphomas 6.5%, unknown origen metastatic carcinoma 4.8%; oral carcinoma 4.8%. Clinical stages: I: 6.3%; II: 6.3%; III: 22.9%; IV: 62.5% (metastatic) 47.9%. Thrombotic antecedents in patients group: 19.7%. There were significant differences in: Platelets count: patients: 281121, controls: 307745 (p<0.001). Protein C: 0.87 and 3.81 UI/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). Antithrombin III: 97 and 101% (p<0.001). Plasminogen: 92.9 and 101.1% (p < 0.001). Lupus anticoagulant (RVV time): 27 and 25.6” (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in PT: 18.3 and 16.9” and PTT: 31 and 34”. The same significant differences were got when the patients of every clinical stage were compared with control patients. There were no differences when the patients of every clinical stage were compared among themselves, nor between sex. Conclusions: This study shows cancer patients may have many coagulation abnormalities: anticoagulant system defects and fibrinolytic system hipoactivity, demonstrated by the significant differences found in antithrombin III, protein C and plasminogen levels between patients and controls groups. It is suggested to practice these tests to cancer patients, even without clinical coagulation disorders, to stablish prophylactic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Rojas
- Colombia National Cancer Institute, Ibague, Colombia
| | - J. Quiroz
- Colombia National University, Ibague, Colombia
| | - Y. Mancera
- Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Bogota, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rojas M, González I, De la Cruz S, Hernández P, García T, Martín R. Corrigendum to ‘Application of species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays to verify the labeling of quail (Coturnix coturnix), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and ostrich (Struthio camelus) in pet foods’ [Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 169 1–2 (2011) 128–133]. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Elms SC, Toque HA, Rojas M, Xu Z, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. The role of arginase I in diabetes-induced retinal vascular dysfunction in mouse and rat models of diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:654-62. [PMID: 23232640 PMCID: PMC3565067 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A reduction in retinal blood flow occurs early in diabetes and is likely to be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesise that activation of the arginase pathway could have a role in the vascular dysfunction of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Experiments were performed using a mouse and rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes for in vivo and ex vivo analysis of retinal vascular function. For in vivo studies, mice were infused with the endothelial-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) or the endothelial-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and vasodilation was assessed using a fundus microscope. Ex vivo assays included pressurised vessel myography, western blotting and arginase activity measurements. RESULTS ACh-induced retinal vasodilation was markedly impaired in diabetic mice (40% of control values), whereas SNP-induced dilation was not altered. The diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction was markedly blunted in mice lacking one copy of the gene encoding arginase I and in mice treated with the arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid. Ex vivo studies performed using pressure myography and central retinal arteries isolated from rats with STZ-induced diabetes showed a similar impairment of endothelial-dependent vasodilation that was partially blunted by pretreatment of the isolated vessels with another arginase inhibitor, (S)-2-boronoethyl-L-cysteine. The diabetes-induced vascular alterations were associated with significant increases in both arginase I protein levels and total arginase activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that, in the mouse and rat model, diabetes-induced increases in arginase I were involved in the diabetes-induced impairment of retinal blood flow by a mechanism involving vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Elms
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yao L, Chandra S, Toque HA, Bhatta A, Rojas M, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Prevention of diabetes-induced arginase activation and vascular dysfunction by Rho kinase (ROCK) knockout. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:509-19. [PMID: 23250919 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We determined the role of the Rho kinase (ROCK) isoforms in diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and enhancement of arginase activity and expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were performed in aortic tissues from haplo-insufficient (H-I) ROCK1 and ROCK2 mice and wild-type (WT) mice rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mM). Protein expression of both ROCK isoforms was substantially elevated in aortas of WT mice after 8 weeks of diabetes and in BAECs after 48 h in HG. Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortas was observed in diabetic WT mice. However, there was no impairment in aortas of diabetic ROCK1 H-I mice and less impairment in aortas of diabetic ROCK2 H-I mice, compared with non-diabetic mice. These vascular effects were associated with the prevention of diabetes-induced decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and a rise in arginase activity/expression. Acute treatment with the arginase inhibitor, BEC, improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortas of both diabetic WT and ROCK2, but not of ROCK1 mice. CONCLUSION Partial deletion of either ROCK isoform, but to a greater extent ROCK1, attenuates diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by preventing increased arginase activity and expression and reduction in NO production in type 1 diabetes. Limiting ROCK and arginase activity improves vascular function in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912-2300, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|