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Flieger J, Żuk N, Pasieczna-Patkowska S, Flieger M, Panek R, Klepka T, Franus W. Optimization of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B 12) Sorption onto Mesoporous Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2024; 29:2094. [PMID: 38731585 PMCID: PMC11085275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The techniques used to detect and quantify cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) vary considerably in terms of detection sensitivity, from the most sensitive, based on radioisotopes and mass spectrometry (MS) with limits of detection (LOD) in fg mL-1, to fluorescence (FL) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors with LOD values in the range of a few µg mL-1. For accurate quantification of an analyte present at trace levels in complex biological matrices, a selective separation and enrichment step is required to overcome matrix interferences and ensure sufficient detection sensitivity. In this study, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) were used for the extraction and initial preconcentration of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12). In the dependence of the magnetization on the H-field (hysteresis loop), no coercivity and remanence values were found at 300 K, indicating the superparamagnetic properties of the tested IONPs. Perfluorinated acids were used as amphiphilic agents to allow the sorption of cyanocobalamin onto the IONPs. FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy was used to confirm the sorption of cyanocobalamin on the IONPs. The influence of the addition of a homologous series of perfluorinated acids such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) to the extraction mixture was tested considering their type, mass, and time required for effective sorption. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm, described by the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, were analyzed. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) exceeded 6 mg g-1 and was 8.9 mg g-1 and 7.7 mg g-1 for HFBA and TCAA, respectively, as the most efficient additives. After the desorption process using aqueous KH2PO4 solution, the sample was finally analyzed spectrophotometrically and chromatographically. The IONP-based method was successfully applied for the isolation of cyanocobalamin from human urine samples. The results showed that the developed approach is simple, cheap, accurate, and efficient for the determination of traces of cyanocobalamin in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Natalia Żuk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Pasieczna-Patkowska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Rafał Panek
- Department of Geotechnics, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (R.P.); (W.F.)
| | - Tomasz Klepka
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Geotechnics, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (R.P.); (W.F.)
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2
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Oh HE, Eathorne S, Jones MA. Use of biosensor technology in analysing milk and dairy components: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Watanabe F, Bito T, Koseki K. Determination of cobalamin and related compounds in foods. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:491-504. [PMID: 35337633 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological assay of total cobalamin (vitamin B12) by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC7830 is now used worldwide in food analysis because of its high sensitivity, low running cost, and no expensive instruments. It has been recently reported that some foods contain a substantial number of inactive corrinoid compounds, some of which are active in this bacterium. These results indicate that the microbiological method must be replaced with high-performance liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry as there can specifically determine biologically active cobalamin. Nowadays, powerful tools, such as immunoaffinity columns, purify cobalamin simply and specifically. In this chapter, we summarized the determination methods of cobalamin and related compounds in foods. Various inactive corrinoids found in foods were also characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Watanabe
- Division of Applied Bioresource Chemistry, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
| | - T Bito
- Division of Applied Bioresource Chemistry, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - K Koseki
- Division of Applied Bioresource Chemistry, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Evers MS, Roullier-Gall C, Morge C, Sparrow C, Gobert A, Alexandre H. Vitamins in wine: Which, what for, and how much? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2991-3035. [PMID: 33884746 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential compounds to yeasts, and notably in winemaking contexts. Vitamins are involved in numerous yeast metabolic pathways, including those of amino acids, fatty acids, and alcohols, which suggests their notable implication in fermentation courses, as well as in the development of aromatic compounds in wines. Although they are major components in the course of those microbial processes, their significance and impact have not been extensively studied in the context of winemaking and wine products, as most of the studies focusing on the subject in the past decades have relied on relatively insensitive and imprecise analytical methods. Therefore, this review provides an extensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the impacts of vitamins on grape must fermentations, wine-related yeast metabolisms, and requirements, as well as on the profile of wine sensory characteristics. We also highlight the methodologies and techniques developed over time to perform vitamin analysis in wines, and assess the importance of precisely defining the role played by vitamins in winemaking processes, to ensure finer control of the fermentation courses and product characteristics in a highly complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sarah Evers
- Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,SAS Sofralab, Magenta, France
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Alexandre
- Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Porter K, Lodge JK. Determination of selected water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxine) from a food matrix using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122541. [PMID: 33773258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble vitamins are essential dietary components with a multitude of important functions that require quantification from food sources to characterise the nutritional status of food. In this study, we have developed a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based method coupled to single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of selected water-soluble vitamins. Due to their involvement in energy release from macronutrients, the quantification of thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), nicotinamide (B3) and pyridoxine (B6) offers significant value in food analysis. A commercially available vegetable soup was selected as the food matrix for this study and utilised to develop an efficient extraction procedure for the vitamins of interest. Vitamins were extracted using meta-phosphoric acid coupled with a reducing agent, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) to produce the parent compound. The extracted vitamins were then analysed using an LC-MS system with electrospray - atmospheric pressure ionization (ES-API) source, operated in positive single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The MS provided good linearity within the investigated range from 5 to 400 ng/mL with coefficient of determination (r2) ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. Retention times (0.65-9.04 min) were reproducible and no coelution between vitamins was observed. Limit of detection (LOD) varied from 2.4 to 9.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was from 8 to 30 ng/mL, comparable to previously published studies. The extraction method provided good intra-day (%CV 1.56-6.56) and inter-day precision (%CV 8.07-10.97). Standard injections were used as part of quality control measures and provided excellent reproducibility (%CV 0.9-3.4). The overall runtime of this method was 19 min, including column reconditioning. Using this method, the quantity of thiamine (67 ± 7 ng/g), riboflavin (423 ± 39 ng/g), nicotinamide (856 ± 77 ng/g) and pyridoxine (133 ± 11 ng/g) was determined from a complex food matrix. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and reliable, HILIC-single quad MS method utilising SIM for the low-level quantification of four B vitamins in a vegetable soup matrix in under 20 min. This method has shown excellent linearity, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and is directly applicable to other plant-based food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Porter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
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6
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Köse K, Erol K, Köse DA. Development of novel copper modified cryogels for biochemical isolation. ADSORPTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-020-00212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Development of an Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Method for Accurate Determination of Thiamine in Diverse Food Matrices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang H, Hu Q, Guo X, Li L, Shuang S, Gong X, Dong C. Carbon quantum dots doped with phosphorus and nitrogen are a viable fluorescent nanoprobe for determination and cellular imaging of vitamin B 12 and cobalt(II). Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:506. [PMID: 31270632 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) were prepared from sucrose, 85% phosphoric acid and 1,2-ethylenediamine as the sources for carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively. The PN-CQDs possess good water solubility and favorable biocompatibility. The excitation/emission peaks are at 365/451 nm, but bright blue, green, or red emissions are found depending on whether the excitation wavelengths of the laser are set to 408 nm, 488 nm, or 543 nm, respectively. Fluorescence is quenched by both vitamin B12 (VB12) and Co(II) by a combination of inner filter effect and static quenching. The PN-CQDs are shown to be useful nanoprobes for determination of VB12 and Co(II). Response to VB12 is linear in the range of 2.0-31 μM. The response to Co(II) is linear in two ranges, viz. from 1.7-12 μM and from 28 to 141 μM. The limit of detection of VB12 and Co(II) are 3.0 nM and 29.4 nM, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully applied to the analyses of VB12 in drug samples and of Co(II) in spiked water samples, and it gave satisfactory results. The nanoprobe was also applied to the determination of VB12 and Co(II) in human hepatocarcinoma cells (type SMMC7721), human pulmonary epithelial cells (type BEAS-2B), human adenocarcinoma cells (type A549), and human pheochromocytoma cells (type PC12), respectively. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the quenching of the fluorescence of phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) by vitamin B12 (VB12) and Co(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061484. [PMID: 29921801 PMCID: PMC6099991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.
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10
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Mateos R, Vera S, Valiente M, Díez-Pascual AM, San Andrés MP. Comparison of Anionic, Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants as Dispersing Agents for Graphene Based on the Fluorescence of Riboflavin. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7110403. [PMID: 29165390 PMCID: PMC5707620 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence quenching is a valuable tool to gain insight about dynamic changes of fluorophores in complex systems. Graphene (G), a single-layered 2D nanomaterial with unique properties, was dispersed in surfactant aqueous solutions of different nature: non-ionic polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl ether (Brij L23), anionic sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), and cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The influence of the surfactant type, chain length and concentration, G total concentration and G/surfactant weight ratio on the fluorescence intensity of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) was investigated. The quality of the different G dispersions was assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). A quenching phenomenon of the fluorescence of riboflavin was found for G dispersions in all the surfactants, which generally becomes stronger with increasing G/surfactant weight ratio. For dispersions in the ionic surfactants, the quenching is more pronounced as the surfactant concentration raises, whilst the non-ionic one remains merely unchanged for the different G/Brij L23 weight ratios. More importantly, results indicate that DTAB solutions are the optimum media for dispersing G sheets, leading to an up to 16-fold drop in the fluorescence intensity. Understanding the mechanism in fluorescence quenching of G dispersions in surfactants could be useful for several optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mateos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Soledad Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Valiente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Chemistry Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana María Díez-Pascual
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Chemistry Research "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Paz San Andrés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
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Filik H, Avan AA, Aydar S. Electrochemical Determination of Vitamin B-12 in Food Samples by Poly(2,2′-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene) Bis-8 hydroxyquinaldine)/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Díez-Pascual AM, García-García D, San Andrés MP, Vera S. Determination of riboflavin based on fluorescence quenching by graphene dispersions in polyethylene glycol. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A quenching phenomenon of riboflavin fluorescence was found in graphene dispersions in PEG ascribed to π–π stacking and H-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - Diego García-García
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - María Paz San Andrés
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - Soledad Vera
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
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Surface exploration of a room-temperature ionic liquid-chitin composite film decorated with electrochemically deposited PdFeNi trimetallic alloy nanoparticles by pattern recognition: An elegant approach to developing a novel biotin biosensor. Talanta 2015; 131:249-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Detection and Assay of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) in Alkaline Borate Buffer with UV/Visible Spectrophotometry. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:453085. [PMID: 27379273 PMCID: PMC4897266 DOI: 10.1155/2014/453085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The detection and assay of vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) was accomplished under aqueous conditions using sodium borate buffering at pH 7.52 conditions. The absorbance spectrum of riboflavin was determined at different pH values utilizing several buffers. The buffer at pH at 7.52 is followed by accurate and sensitive assay of riboflavin by spectrophotometer at 440 nm wavelength. Where indicated an origin solution (stock) was employed by dissolving sufficient vitamin to make a stock solution of 1.403 × 10−4 molar concentrations. Measurements of various aqueous solutions containing riboflavin were accomplished that included aqueous test samples, vitamin capsules/tablets, and water vitamin mixtures. A standard curve extended from 7.97 × 10−7 molar to 1.23 × 10−4 molar (a 154x folds spread in concentration). The equation of the line was y = 12545x (intercept at origin) with Pearson r correlation of 1.000 (R2 = 1.000). Concentration of riboflavin assayed ranged from 3.00 × 10−4 gram per liter (0.30 ppm) to 0.0463 gram per liter (46.35 ppm). The B vitamin riboflavin can be assayed by UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 440 nm in aqueous media and using sodium borate buffer at pH 7.52. The assay can reach as low as 0.30 parts per million with high levels of accuracy and sensitivity.
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Indyk HE, Gill BD, Woollard DC. Biotin content of paediatric formulae, early lactation milk and seasonal bovine milk powders by biosensor immunoassay. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Lan F, Shi Y, Wan ZG, Yue ZF, Fan F, Lin YK, Tang MJ, Lv JZ, Xiao T, Yi C. A "three-in-one" sample preparation method for simultaneous determination of B-group water-soluble vitamins in infant formula using VitaFast(®) kits. Food Chem 2014; 153:371-7. [PMID: 24491742 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
VitaFast(®) test kits designed for the microbiological assay in microtiter plate format can be applied to quantitative determination of B-group water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B12, folic acid and biotin, et al. Compared to traditional microbiological methods, VitaFast(®) kits significantly reduce sample processing time and provide greater reliability, higher productivity and better accuracy. Recently, simultaneous determination of vitamin B12, folic acid and biotin in one sample is urgently required when evaluating the quality of infant formulae in our practical work. However, the present sample preparation protocols which are developed for individual test systems, are incompatible with simultaneous determination of several analytes. To solve this problem, a novel "three-in-one" sample preparation method is herein developed for simultaneous determination of B-group water-soluble vitamins using VitaFast(®) kits. The performance of this novel "three-in-one" sample preparation method was systematically evaluated through comparing with individual sample preparation protocols. The experimental results of the assays which employed "three-in-one" sample preparation method were in good agreement with those obtained from conventional VitaFast(®) extraction methods, indicating that the proposed "three-in-one" sample preparation method is applicable to the present three VitaFast(®) vitamin test systems, thus offering a promising alternative for the three independent sample preparation methods. The proposed new sample preparation method will significantly improve the efficiency of infant formulae inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Guangdong Province), School of Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Fang Lan
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Guangdong Province), School of Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wan
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Yue
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Yan-Kui Lin
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Mu-Jin Tang
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Jing-Zhang Lv
- Shenzhen Key Research Laboratory of Detection Technology R&D on Food Safety, Food Inspection Center of CIQ-Shenzhen, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518045, China.
| | - Tan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Guangdong Province), School of Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Changqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Guangdong Province), School of Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Gore AH, Kale MB, Anbhule PV, Patil SR, Kolekar GB. A novel FRET probe for selective and sensitive determination of vitamin B12by functionalized CdS QDs in aqueous media: applications to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li S, Kiehne J, Sinoway LI, Cameron CE, Huang TJ. Microfluidic opportunities in the field of nutrition. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3993-4003. [PMID: 24056522 PMCID: PMC3875330 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc90090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition has always been closely related to human health, which is a constant motivational force driving research in a variety of disciplines. Over the years, the rapidly emerging field of microfluidics has been pushing forward the healthcare industry with the development of microfluidic-based, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices. Though a great deal of work has been done in developing microfluidic platforms for disease diagnoses, potential microfluidic applications in the field of nutrition remain largely unexplored. In this Focus article, we would like to investigate the potential chances for microfluidics in the field of nutrition. We will first highlight some of the recent advances in microfluidic blood analysis systems that have the capacity to detect biomarkers of nutrition. Then we will examine existing examples of microfluidic devices for the detection of specific biomarkers of nutrition or nutrient content in food. Finally, we will discuss the challenges in this field and provide some insight into the future of applied microfluidics in nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Justin Kiehne
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
| | - Lawrence I. Sinoway
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Craig E. Cameron
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Fax: 814-865-9974; Tel: 814-863-4209;
- Cell and Developmental Biology (CDB) Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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20
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Production of a monoclonal antibody and its application in an optical biosensor based assay for the quantitative measurement of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) in foodstuffs. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Zhang T, Xue H, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Song P, Tian X, Xing Y, Wang P, Meng M, Xi R. Determination of folic acid in milk, milk powder and energy drink by an indirect immunoassay. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2297-2304. [PMID: 22378547 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid (FA) is essential for healthy people (reference daily intake 400 µg day⁻¹) and pregnant women (600 µg day⁻¹). Insufficient intake of FA will increase the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. In this study an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for rapid and convenient detection of FA in vitamin-fortified foods. RESULTS A carbodiimide-modified active ester method was used to synthesise the immunogen (FA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate) to raise polyclonal antibodies for FA. The coupling ratio of FA with BSA was determined to be 14:1 (molar ratio). The detection limit of the immunoassay was 3.0 ng mL⁻¹ in buffer, 3.52 ng mL⁻¹ in energy drink, 11.91 ng mL⁻¹ in milk and 16.50 ng mL⁻¹ in milk powder. Intra- and inter-assay variability ranged from 6.6 to 15.1%. Analytical recoveries of FA-spiked samples were 88.3-108.9%. CONCLUSION The immunoassay developed in this study can be used as a simple, rapid and accurate method for fast semi-quantitative and quantitative on-site analysis of FA in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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22
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Kergaravat SV, Gómez GA, Fabiano SN, Laube Chávez TI, Pividori MI, Hernández SR. Biotin determination in food supplements by an electrochemical magneto biosensor. Talanta 2012; 97:484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Lok KS, Abdul Muttalib SZB, Lee PPF, Kwok YC, Nguyen NT. Rapid determination of vitamin B12 concentration with a chemiluminescence lab on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2353-2361. [PMID: 22513799 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc00037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a novel method for the rapid determination of vitamin B(12) concentration in a continuous-flow lab-on-a-chip system. This new method is based on luminol-peroxide chemiluminescence (CL) assays for the detection of cobalt(II) ions in vitamin B(12) molecules. The lab-on-a-chip device consisted of two passive micromixers acting as microreactors and a double spiral microchannel network serving as an optical detection region. This system could operate in two modes. In the first mode, samples are acidified and evaluated directly in the microchip. In the second mode, samples are treated externally by acidification prior to detection in the microchip. In the first mode, the linear range obtained was between 1.00 ng ml(-1) to 10 μg ml(-1), R(2) = 0.996, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.23 to 2.31% (n = 5) and a limit of detection (lod) of 0.368 pg ml(-1). The minimum sample volume required and the analytical time were 30 μl and 3.6 s, respectively. In the second mode, the linear range obtained was between 0.10 ng ml(-1) to 10 μg ml(-1), R(2) = 0.994, with the RSD of 0.90 to 2.32% (n = 6) and a lod of 0.576 pg ml(-1). The minimum sample and the analytical time required were 50 μl and 6 s, respectively. The lab on a chip working in mode II was successfully used for the determination of vitamin B(12) concentrations in nutritional supplemental tablets and hen egg yolks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Seng Lok
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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24
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Yamini Y, Tahmasebi E, Ranjbar L. Magnetic nanoparticle-based solid-phase extraction of vitamin B12 from pharmaceutical formulations. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:378-85. [PMID: 22187326 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel quantitative method, namely magnetic nanoparticle-based solid-phase extraction (MSPE), was applied to extract vitamin B(12) from pharmaceutical formulations. The technique involves the use of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an efficient adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of vitamin B(12). Collection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) from aqueous solution was simply achieved by applying external magnetic field. The analyte was desorbed from MNPs using alkali 1-propanol. The extracted analyte was analyzed by using flow injection inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enhancement factor of 184, linear dynamic range of 2.5-500 μg L(-1) with correlation of determination (R(2) > 0.999), and limit of detection of 1.0 μg L(-1) were obtained for vitamin B(12). The percent relative standard deviation based on five-replicate determination was less than 6.2%. The method was successfully applied for extraction and determination of vitamin B(12) in different types of pharmaceutical samples such as multivitamin tablet, effervescent tablet, and injection sample. The results showed that the proposed method based on SDS-Fe(3)O(4) MSPE was a simple, accurate, and highly efficient approach for analysis of vitamin B(12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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San José Rodriguez R, Fernández-Ruiz V, Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata M. Simultaneous determination of vitamin B1 and B2 in complex cereal foods, by reverse phase isocratic HPLC-UV. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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27
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Kumar SS, Chouhan RS, Thakur MS. Trends in analysis of vitamin B12. Anal Biochem 2010; 398:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Oliveira HM, Segundo MA, Lima JLFC, Miró M, Cerdà V. Exploiting automatic on-line renewable molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction in lab-on-valve format as front end to liquid chromatography: application to the determination of riboflavin in foodstuffs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:77-86. [PMID: 20191267 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, it is proposed, for the first time, an on-line automatic renewable molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) protocol for sample preparation prior to liquid chromatographic analysis. The automatic microscale procedure was based on the bead injection (BI) concept under the lab-on-valve (LOV) format, using a multisyringe burette as propulsion unit for handling solutions and suspensions. A high precision on handling the suspensions containing irregularly shaped molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles was attained, enabling the use of commercial MIP as renewable sorbent. The features of the proposed BI-LOV manifold also allowed a strict control of the different steps within the extraction protocol, which are essential for promoting selective interactions in the cavities of the MIP. By using this on-line method, it was possible to extract and quantify riboflavin from different foodstuff samples in the range between 0.450 and 5.00 mg L(-1) after processing 1,000 microL of sample (infant milk, pig liver extract, and energy drink) without any prior treatment. For milk samples, LOD and LOQ values were 0.05 and 0.17 mg L(-1), respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of two certified reference materials (NIST 1846 and BCR 487) with high precision (RSD < 5.5%). Considering the downscale and simplification of the sample preparation protocol and the simultaneous performance of extraction and chromatographic assays, a cost-effective and enhanced throughput (six determinations per hour) methodology for determination of riboflavin in foodstuff samples is deployed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José L F C Lima
- REQUIMTE, Serviço de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4099-030, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Miró
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Victor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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29
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The determination of folic acid in milk and paediatric formulae by optical biosensor assay utilising folate binding protein. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Van Wyk J, Britz TJ. A rapid HPLC method for the extraction and quantification of vitamin B12in dairy products and cultures ofPropionibacterium freudenreichii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Lavecchia T, Tibuzzi A, Giardi MT. Biosensors for Functional Food Safety and Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 698:267-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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32
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Ho JAA, Hung CH, Wu LC, Liao MY. Folic acid-anchored PEGgylated phospholipid bioconjugate and its application in a liposomal immunodiagnostic assay for folic acid. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5671-7. [PMID: 19518067 DOI: 10.1021/ac900402v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A folic acid-anchored, poly(ethylene glycol)-linked (PEGgylated) phospholipid and an immunoaffinity chromatographic column were prepared and employed to develop a liposomal immunodiagnostic assay for the direct determination of folic acid (FA) in this study. Distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)2000-folic acid (DSPE-PEG2000-FA) was synthesized through carbodiimide-mediated coupling of FA and DSPE-PEG2000-amine and characterized using thin layer chromatography, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Liposomal biolabels were constructed using the synthesized DSPE-PEG2000-FA in conjunction with other phospholipids. A stationary phase having affinity for FA was prepared by covalently linking purified anti-FA monoclonal antibodies onto N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated Sepharose beads, which were subsequently packed into a 1.9 cm diameter polypropylene column. The calibration curve for FA had a linear range from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. The limit of detection was 6.8 ng (equivalent to 500 microL of 3.1 x 10(-8) M FA). The elution buffer (35% methanol in Tris buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20) also served as the regeneration buffer, which allowed the same column to be used for up to 50 times without any observable loss of reactivity. The immunoaffinity chromatographic column was reusable and capable of concentrating analytes from sample solution; in conjunction with folic acid-sensitized liposomal biolabels, however, they hold great potential as sensitive immunoaffinity assays for the determination for FA. To confirm the feasibility of using this system in the analysis of real samples, the folic acid contents of three over-the-counter vitamin supplements were tested. The recoveries of folic acid of 90-112% for these three samples were obtained, suggesting contents that were consistent with the information obtained from their nutritional facts panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-chu, 300 Taiwan.
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33
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Lermo A, Fabiano S, Hernández S, Galve R, Marco MP, Alegret S, Pividori MI. Immunoassay for folic acid detection in vitamin-fortified milk based on electrochemical magneto sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:2057-63. [PMID: 19084389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An immunoassay-based strategy for folic acid in vitamin-fortified milk with electrochemical detection using magneto sensors is described for the first time. Among direct and indirect competitive formats, best performance was achieved with an indirect competitive immunoassay. The immunological reaction for folic acid (FA) detection was performed, for the first time on the magnetic bead as solid support by the covalent immobilization of a protein conjugate BSA-FA on tosyl-activated magnetic bead. Further competition for the specific antibody between FA in the food sample and FA immobilized on the magnetic bead was achieved, followed by the reaction with a secondary antibody conjugated with HRP (AntiIgG-HRP). Then, the modified magnetic beads were easily captured by a magneto sensor made of graphite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) which was also used as the transducer for the electrochemical detection. The performance of the immunoassay-based strategy with electrochemical detection using magneto sensors was successfully evaluated using spiked-milk samples and compared with a novel magneto-ELISA based on optical detection. The detection limit was found to be of the order of microgl(-1) (13.1 nmoll(-1), 5.8 microgl(-1)) for skimmed milk. Commercial vitamin-fortified milk samples were also evaluated obtaining good accuracy in the results. This novel strategy offers great promise for rapid, simple, cost-effective and on-site analysis of biological and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lermo
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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