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Khiari Z. Enzymes from Fishery and Aquaculture Waste: Research Trends in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Circular Bio-Economy. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:411. [PMID: 39330292 PMCID: PMC11433245 DOI: 10.3390/md22090411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of the blue bio-economy, which promotes the sustainable utilization and exploitation of marine resources for economic growth and development, the fisheries and aquaculture industries still face huge sustainability issues. One of the major challenges of these industries is associated with the generation and management of wastes, which pose a serious threat to human health and the environment if not properly treated. In the best-case scenario, fishery and aquaculture waste is processed into low-value commodities such as fishmeal and fish oil. However, this renewable organic biomass contains a number of highly valuable bioproducts, including enzymes, bioactive peptides, as well as functional proteins and polysaccharides. Marine-derived enzymes are known to have unique physical, chemical and catalytic characteristics and are reported to be superior to those from plant and animal origins. Moreover, it has been established that enzymes from marine species possess cold-adapted properties, which makes them interesting from technological, economic and sustainability points of view. Therefore, this review centers around enzymes from fishery and aquaculture waste, with a special focus on proteases, lipases, carbohydrases, chitinases and transglutaminases. Additionally, the use of fishery and aquaculture waste as a substrate for the production of industrially relevant microbial enzymes is discussed. The application of emerging technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence and machine learning) in microbial enzyme production is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Khiari
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
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2
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Cordova-Murueta JH, Rivera-Perez C, de Los Ángeles Navarrete-Del-Toro M. Comparative bioinformatic analysis and biochemical characterization of digestive proteinases from Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 275:111031. [PMID: 39260767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The hake fishery plays a crucial role due to its significant economic impact. The genus Merluccius includes 12 extant species found along the coasts of the Americas, Europe, and Africa. However, research on their digestive physiology and the enzymes involved in digestion, including proteases, remains limited. Proteases play a key role in protein digestion, a vital process for all living organisms. This study focused on screening the genomes of eight Merluccius spp. for eight specific proteases previously identified in Merluccius polli. Additionally, the study conducted biochemical analyses of proteases found in the stomach and intestine of Pacific whiting fish (Merluccius productus), comparing the results with the genomic findings. The analysis revealed that proteases across Merluccius spp. are conserved, although with slight variations, particularly in chymotrypsin and aspartic proteases. Biochemical characterization of M. productus identified at least three main proteases in the stomach, active at acidic pH, and at least seven proteases in the intestine, active at alkaline pH, as determined by electrophoresis. Further investigation, including specific inhibition studies, determination of molecular mass, and assessment of pH and temperature preferences for catalysis, revealed that one of the stomach proteases functioning at acidic pH likely belongs to the acid peptidase class, likely pepsin. Similarly, analysis of proteases active at alkaline pH indicated the presence of a chymotrypsin and a trypsin, consistent with genomic findings in M. productus. These results are important as they provide insights into the digestive physiology of Merluccius spp., contributing to a better understanding of their nutritional needs.
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3
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Medina DM, Acevedo-Gomez AV, Pellegrini Malpiedi L, Leiva LC. Biochemical characterization of acid proteases from the stomach of palometa (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner 1858) with potential industrial application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130548. [PMID: 38431015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pepsin is one of the major enzymes with significant importance in the food industry, biomedicines, and pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, the main objective was to biochemically characterize a pepsin-like enzymatic extract obtained from Pygocentrus nattereri, a predatory freshwater fish, focusing on their potential industrial application. The obtained extract exhibited optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 1.0-2.0. These proteases remained stable after 2 h of incubation at temperatures ranging from 0° to 45 °C and within pH range of 1.0 to 7.0. Their activity was significantly affected in presence of pepstatin A and SDS, 10 μM and 3.46 mM respectively, while EDTA and PMSF showed partial inhibitory effects. Divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) did not inhibit the proteolytic activity of the extract; in fact, it improved at a 5 mM CaCl2 concentration. As the NaCl concentration increased, the enzyme activity decreased. However, after desalination, 90 % of the activity was recovered within the tested exposure time. Besides, this extract demonstrated exceptional versatility across diverse industrial applications, including collagen extraction augmentation, IgG hydrolysis facilitation, and silver and polyester recovery from X-ray films. Our results suggest that the obtained enzymatic extract has a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), CONICET-UNR, Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - A V Acevedo-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - L Pellegrini Malpiedi
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), CONICET-UNR, Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - L C Leiva
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA, CONICET, FACENA, UNNE, Campus "Deodoro Roca" Av. Libertad N°5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
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4
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Milk-Clotting and Proteolytic Properties of a Partially Purified Pepsin from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and its Potential for Cheesemaking. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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Kuepethkaew S, Zhang Y, Kishimura H, Kumagai Y, Simpson BK, Benjakul S, Damodaran S, Klomklao S. Enzymological characteristics of pepsinogens and pepsins purified from lizardfish (Saurida micropectoralis) stomach. Food Chem 2021; 366:130532. [PMID: 34274702 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One major pepsinogen, PG-I, and two minor pepsinogens, PG-II and PG-III were purified from lizardfish stomach by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two chromatographic columns. The three purified PGs migrated as single bands in native-PAGE gels with molecular weights (MW) ranging from 36 to 38 kDa. Each PG was converted to pepsin (P) at pH 2.0, and the MW were determined as 32 kDa (for P-I), 31 kDa (for P-II) and 30 kDa (for P-III). The optimum pH and temperature of pepsins were 2.0-3.5, and 40-50 °C. All 3 pepsins were strongly inhibited by pepstatin A. Divalent cations slightly stimulated the pepsin activities, but ATP had no effect on the pepsins. Purified pepsins were effective in the hydrolysis of various proteins. Km and kcat of the three pepsins for hemoglobin hydrolysis were 107.64-276.61 µM and 18.30-32.68 s-1, respectively. The new pepsins have potential for use in protein food procession and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakonwat Kuepethkaew
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa-Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Hideki Kishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Science Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Science Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Benjamin K Simpson
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Srinivasan Damodaran
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Sappasith Klomklao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa-Phayom, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand.
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Silva MKS, Silva TA, Silva JAF, Costa LDA, Leal MLE, Bezerra RS, Costa HMS, Freitas-Júnior ACV. Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833) stomach: a source of aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234413. [PMID: 34105658 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscera and other residues from fish processing are commonly discarded by the fishing industry. These by-products can be a source of digestive enzymes with industrial and biotechnological potential. In this study, we aimed at the extraction, characterization, and application of acidic proteases from the stomach of Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833). A crude extract from the stomachs was obtained and submitted to a partial purification process by salting-out, which obtained a Purified Extract (PE) with a specific proteolytic activity of 54.0 U⋅mg-1. A purification of 1.9 fold and a yield of 41% were obtained. The PE presents two isoforms of acidic proteases and a maximum proteolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 2.0. The PE acidic proteolytic activity was stable in the pH range of 1.5 to 7.0 and temperature from 25 °C to 50 °C. Purified Extract kept 35% of its proteolytic activity at the presence of NaCl 15% (m/v) but was totally inhibited by pepstatin A. Purified Extract aspartic proteases presented high activity in the presence of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Cu2+. The utilization of PE as an enzymatic addictive in the collagen extraction from Nile tilapia scales has doubled the process yield. The results indicate the potential of these aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K S Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T A Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J A F Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L D A Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M L E Leal
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - H M S Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A C V Freitas-Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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7
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Silva JAF, Silva MKS, Silva TA, Costa LDA, Leal MLE, Bezerra RS, Costa HMS, Freitas-Júnior ACV. Obtainment and characterization of digestive aspartic proteases from the fish Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234500. [PMID: 33787732 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain aspartic proteases of industrial and biotechnological interest from the stomach of the crevalle jack fish (Caranx hippos). In order to do so, a crude extract (CE) of the stomach was obtained and subjected to a partial purification by salting-out, which resulted in the enzyme extract (EE) obtainment. EE proteases were characterized physicochemically and by means of zymogram. In addition, the effect of chemical agents on their activity was also assessed. By means of salting-out it was possible to obtain a purification of 1.6 times with a yield of 49.4%. Two acid proteases present in the EE were observed in zymogram. The optimum temperature and thermal stability for EE acidic proteases were 55 ºC and 45 °C, respectively. The optimum pH and pH stability found for these enzymes were pH 1.5 and 7.0, respectively. Total inhibition of EE acid proteolytic activity was observed in the presence of pepstatin A. dithiothreitol (DTT) and Ca2+ did not promote a significant effect on enzyme activity. In the presence of heavy metals, such as Al3+, Cd2+ and Hg2+, EE acidic proteases showed more than 70% of their enzymatic activity. The results show that it is possible to obtain, from the stomach of C. hippos, aspartic proteases with high proteolytic activity and characteristics that demonstrate potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A F Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M K S Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - T A Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L D A Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - M L E Leal
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - H M S Costa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A C V Freitas-Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Laboratório de Biomoléculas de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.,Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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8
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Caruso G, Floris R, Serangeli C, Di Paola L. Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120622. [PMID: 33297310 PMCID: PMC7762275 DOI: 10.3390/md18120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6015-423
| | - Rosanna Floris
- AGRIS-Sardegna, Servizio Ricerca Prodotti Ittici, Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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Taheri A, Bakhshizadeh G A. Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Activities of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) Protein Hydrolysate Produced by Skipjack Tuna Pepsin. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1707924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taheri
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
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10
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Tan S, Zhong C, Langrish T. Microencapsulation of pepsin in the spray-dried WPI (whey protein isolates) matrices for controlled release. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Biochemical characterization of a semi-purified aspartic protease from sea catfish Bagre panamensis with milk-clotting activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1785-1793. [PMID: 31807351 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsin from stomach of Bagre panamensis was semi-purified and biochemically characterized. The acid proteolytic activity and purification fold were 3875 U/mg protein and 91.85, respectively, after purification process. The optimum pH and temperature for semi-purified protease were 2-3 and 65 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity was stable after heating proteases at 50 °C for 120 min, but only 30% residual activity was detected after heating at 65 °C for 30 min. SDS-PAGE analysis showed two proteins bands after dialysis (26.1 and 38.6 kDa). Only the band of 38.6 kDa had proteolytic activity, which was inhibited using pepstatin A. Organic solvents, surfactants and reducing agents affect the proteolytic activity at different extent; however, metal ions or EDTA have no impact on protease activity. The semi-purified protease exhibited milk coagulant activity, with a maximum activity at 45 °C. The obtained results highlight the potential biotechnological use of B. panamensis pepsin.
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12
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Poonsin T, Simpson BK, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Yoshida A, Klomklao S. Albacore tuna spleen trypsin: Potential application as laundry detergent additive and in carotenoprotein extraction from Pacific white shrimp shells. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Digestive aspartic proteases from sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus): Characterization and application for collagen extraction. Food Chem 2018; 269:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Characteristics, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Water-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Grasshoppers, Patanga succincta and Chondracris roseapbrunner. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6528312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble proteins extracted from two species of grasshoppers, Patanga succincta (WSPP) and Chondracris roseapbrunner (WSPC), were characterized as well as their functional properties and antioxidant activities were investigated. The extraction yield, on a wet weight basis, was 7.35% and 7.46% for WSPP and WSPC, respectively. The most abundant amino acid in both proteins was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic, alanine, and leucine, in that order. The electrophoretic study revealed that proteins with MW of 29, 42, 50, 69, and 146 kDa were the major protein components in WSPP and WSPC. FTIR analysis showed that those proteins remained their structural integrity. The surface hydrophobicity at pH 7 of WSPC was higher than WSPP, but the sulfhydryl group content did not show significant difference between the proteins from two species. Both grasshopper proteins were mostly soluble in strong acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions with a minimum value at pH 4. Those proteins exhibited poor emulsifying properties and foaming capacity, but they had greater foaming stability compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (p<0.05). WSPC showed greater DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than did WSPP (p<0.05). Therefore, based on characteristics and functional properties, water-soluble proteins from both edible grasshoppers can be used as an ingredient in food applications.
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Merino-Contreras ML, Sánchez-Morales F, Jiménez-Badillo ML, Peña-Marín ES, Álvarez-González CA. Partial characterization of digestive proteases in sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus (Spariformes: Sparidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Digestive proteases were partially characterized in sheepshead juveniles, using biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Results showed higher activity level of the stomach proteases (2.39 ± 0.02 U mg protein-1) compared to the intestinal proteases (1.6 ± 0.1 U mg protein-1). The activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A was also recorded. The optimum temperature of the stomach proteases was recorded at 45 °C, while for intestinal proteases was recorded at 55 °C. Stomach proteases showed less stability to temperature changes than intestinal proteases. An optimum pH of 2 was recorded for stomach proteases with high stability under acidic conditions, while an optimum pH of 9 was recorded for intestinal proteases showing high stability under alkaline conditions. Stomach proteases were inhibited around 78% with Pepstatin A, indicating the presence of pepsin as the main protease. The stomach proteases zymogam revealed one active band with Rf of 0.49, this enzyme was completely inhibited by Pepstatin A. The intestinal proteases zymogram revealed four active proteases (51.3, 34.9, 27.8 and 21.2 kDa) that were inhibited by TLCK, which mainly represent a trypsin-like serine proteases. It can be conclude that digestion in sheepshead can be considered as a carnivorous species with an omnivorous tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emyr S. Peña-Marín
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico
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16
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Liu A, Zhang Z, Hou H, Zhao X, Li B, Zhao T, Liu L. Characterization of Acid- and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from the Cuticle of Perinereis nuntia (Savigny). FOOD BIOPHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-018-9533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Candiotto FB, Freitas-Júnior ACV, Neri RCA, Bezerra RS, Rodrigues RV, Sampaio LA, Tesser MB. Characterization of digestive enzymes from captive Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:281-288. [PMID: 28832833 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.06616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of specific enzyme activity, along with animal habits and digestive capacity is essential in formulating an appropriate diet for any species. In this study, we evaluated and characterized the activity of digestive enzymes present in the liver, intestine, and stomach of Paralichthys orbignyanus. The effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity were also evaluated via the use of specific substrates. The use of specific substrates and inhibitors showed strong evidence of the presence of trypsin (BApNA= 0.51 ± 0.2 mU mg-1), chimotrypsin (SApNA= 2.62 ± 1.8 mU mg-1), and aminopeptidases (Leu-p-Nan =0.9709 ± 0.83 mU mg-1) in the intestine. Optimum pH for the activity of trypsin, chemotrypsin, leucino aminopeptidase, amilase, and pepsin were 9.5, 9.0, 8.0, 7.5, and 3.5, respectively, while optimum temperatures were 50, 50, 50, 40, and 45 °C, respectively. These results provide additional information regarding the biology of Brazilian flounder and can be used as a basis for further studies regarding fish feeding physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Candiotto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - A C V Freitas-Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - R C A Neri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - R S Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - R V Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - L A Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Tesser
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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18
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Partial Characterization of Digestive Proteases in the Green Cichlid, Cichlasoma beani. FISHES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Wang J, Pan X, Wu W, Cao M, Dong P, Liang X. Nucleic acids digestion by enzymes in the stomach of snakehead (Channa argus) and banded grouper (Epinephelus awoara). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:127-136. [PMID: 27531133 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nucleic acids (NAs) were important nutrients. However, the digestion of NAs in stomach has not been studied. In this study, the digestion of NAs by enzymes from fish stomach was investigated. The snakehead pepsins (SP) which were the main enzymes in stomach were extracted and purified. The purity of SP was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The snakehead pepsin 2 (SP2) which was the main component in the extracts was used for investigating the protein and NAs digestion activity. SP2 could digest NAs, including λ DNA and salmon sperm DNA. Interestingly, the digestion could be inhibited by treatment of alkaline solution at pH 8.0 and pepstatin A, and the digestion could happen either in the presence or absence of hemoglobin (Hb) and BSA as the protein substrates. Similarly, the stomach enzymes of banded grouper also showed the NAs digestion activity. NAs could be digested by the stomach enzymes of snakehead and banded grouper. It may be helpful for understanding both animal nutrition and NAs metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoming Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Minjie Cao
- College of Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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20
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Oliveira VM, Assis CRD, Costa HMS, Silva RPF, Santos JF, Carvalho LB, Bezerra RS. Aluminium sulfate exposure: A set of effects on hydrolases from brain, muscle and digestive tract of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:101-108. [PMID: 27717764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is a major pollutant due to its constant disposal in aquatic environments through anthropogenic activities. The physiological effects of this metal in fish are still scarce in the literature. This study investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of aluminium sulfate on the activity of enzymes from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), muscle cholinesterases (AChE-like and BChE-like activities), pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase. Fish were in vivo exposed during 14days when the following experimental groups were assayed: control group (CG), exposure to Al2(SO4)3 at 1μg·mL-1 (G1) and 3μg·mL-1 (G3) (concentrations compatible with the use of aluminium sulfate as coagulant in water treatment). In vitro exposure was performed using animals of CG treatment. Both in vivo and in vitro exposure increased cholinesterase activity in relation to controls. The highest cholinesterase activity was observed for muscle BChE-like enzyme in G3. In contrast, the digestive enzymes showed decreased activity in both in vivo and in vitro exposures. The highest inhibitory effect was observed for pepsin activity. The inhibition of serine proteases was also quantitatively analyzed in zymograms using pixel optical densitometry as area under the peaks (AUP) and integrated density (ID). These results suggest that the inhibition of digestive enzymes in combination with activation of cholinesterases in O. niloticus is a set of biochemical effects that evidence the presence of aluminium in the aquatic environment. Moreover, these enzymatic alterations may support further studies on physiological changes in this species with implications for its neurological and digestive metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagne Melo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigo Dias Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Helane Maria Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pereira Freitas Silva
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, S/N - José Tomé de Souza Ramos, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Santos
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil; Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, S/N - José Tomé de Souza Ramos, 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Bezerra Carvalho
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ranilson Souza Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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21
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Guo H, Wu W, Dong P, Liang X. Accelerated digestion of nucleic acids by pepsin from the stomach of chicken. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:674-681. [PMID: 27535578 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have become an important nutritional supplement in poultry feed; however, the digestion of nucleic acids in poultry is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the digestion of nucleic acids by chicken pepsin in vitro. The extracted pepsinogen from the stomach of the chicken was purified to homogeneity. Upon activation at pH 2.0, chicken pepsinogen was converted to its active form. Nucleic acids, including λ-DNA, salmon sperm DNA and single-strand DNA (ssDNA), can be used as substrates and digested into short-chain oligonucleotides by pepsin. Interestingly, the digestion of the nucleic acids was inhibited when pepsin was treated by alkaline solution (pH 8.0) or pepstatin A. Also, the digestion of the nucleic acids was not affected by the addition of haemoglobin or bovine serum albumin. The results suggested that nucleic acids could be digested by chicken pepsin. Thus pepsin may have a role in digesting nucleic acids in vivo. Nucleic acids added to poultry fed may be digested, starting from the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China.,b Innovation and Application Institute , Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan , China
| | - Y Zhang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - H Guo
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - W Wu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - P Dong
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - X Liang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
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22
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Wald M, Rehbein H, Beermann C, Bußmann B, Schwarz K. Purification and characterization of pepsinogen and pepsin from the stomach of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Wald M, Schwarz K, Rehbein H, Bußmann B, Beermann C. Detection of antibacterial activity of an enzymatic hydrolysate generated by processing rainbow trout by-products with trout pepsin. Food Chem 2016; 205:221-8. [PMID: 27006234 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Trout by-product hydrolysates, generated using trout pepsin, were characterized and studied in terms of their antibacterial effects against food contaminants and fish farming pathogens. After a hydrolysis time of 25 min, the hydrolysates demonstrated inhibitory activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was found to exert a considerable influence on antibacterial activity, with a significant increase in the observed inhibitory effect at the beginning of hydrolysis. The highest antibacterial activity was obtained at a DH of 30% (enzyme/protein ratio 0.04 U/mg of protein, enzyme activity 6.5 U/mg protein, hydrolysis conditions 37°C, pH 3.0). The highest antibacterial activity detected was against the fish farming bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Renibacterium salmoninarum, with minimal inhibition concentrations of 2mg/ml and 5mg/ml, respectively. The amino acid determination of the hydrolysate (DH 30%) revealed that lysine, leucine, alanine, arginine, glycine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues represented the major amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleen Wald
- University of Kiel, Department of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Food Technology, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
| | - Karin Schwarz
- University of Kiel, Department of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Rehbein
- Max Rubner-Institute, Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany(1).
| | - Bettina Bußmann
- Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Food Technology, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
| | - Christopher Beermann
- Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Food Technology, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
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24
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Xu X, Gao Y. Purification and identification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from apalbumin 2 during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:906-914. [PMID: 24853103 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bee larvae are considered to be an important reservoir for proteins. However, little attention has been paid to the release of potential bioactive peptides from bee larva proteins. In this study the major protein in bee larvae was hydrolyzed in vitro by gastrointestinal enzymes. The peptide profile of the hydrolysis was characterized by gel filtration chromatography and tricine-SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the bioactive peptide was isolated and identified by Q-TOF-MS/MS. RESULTS The major bee larva protein was identified as apalbumin 2 and was more digestible into peptides with molecular weights lower than 3 kDa. The hydrolysate obtained after 3 h of digestion exhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity and was purified sequentially by gel filtration and RP-HPLC. The molecular weights of peptide fractions with ACE-inhibitory activity were distributed between 0.5 and 1.5 kDa. A novel peptide with highest ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50 54.9 µmol L(-1) ) was purified by further RP-HPLC. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was identified as LLKPY (632.40 Da). CONCLUSION ACE-inhibitory peptides could be formed from bee larvae through gastrointestinal digestion. The most active peptide (LLKPY) is potentially useful as a therapeutic agent in treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; National Research Centre of Bee Product Processing, Bee Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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25
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Miura Y, Kageyama T, Moriyama A. Pepsinogens and pepsins from largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides: purification and characterization with special reference to high proteolytic activities of bass enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 183:42-8. [PMID: 25608034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Six pepsinogens were purified from the gastric mucosa of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and Mono Q FPLC. The potential specific activities of two major pepsinogens, PG1-1 and PG2-2, against hemoglobin were 51 and 118 units/mg protein, respectively. The activity of pepsin 2-2 was the highest among the pepsins reported to date; this might be linked to the strongly carnivorous diet of the largemouth bass. The molecular masses of PG1-1 and PG2-2 were 39.0 and 41.0 kDa, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of PG1-1 and PG2-2 were LVQVPLEVGQTAREYLE- and LVRLPLIVGKTARQALLE-, respectively, showing similarities with those of fish type-A pepsinogens. The optimal pHs for hemoglobin-digestive activity of pepsins 1-1 and 2-2 were around 1.5 and 2.0, respectively, though both pepsins retained considerable activity at pHs over 3.5. They showed maximal activity around 50 and 40 °C, respectively. They were inhibited by pepstatin similarly to porcine pepsin A. The cleavage specificities clarified with oxidized insulin B chain were shown to be restricted to a few bonds consisting of hydrophobic/aromatic residues, such as the Leu(15)-Tyr(16), Phe(24)-Phe(25) and Phe(25)-Tyr(26) bonds. When hemoglobin was used as a substrate, the kcat/Km value of bass pepsin 2-2 was 4.6- to 36.8-fold larger than those of other fish pepsins. In the case of substance P, an ideal pepsin substrate mimic, the kcat/Km values were about 200-fold larger than those of porcine pepsin A, supporting the high activity of the bass pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Miura
- Division of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa 492-8213, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kageyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa 492-8213, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Moriyama
- Division of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan.
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Murashita K, Matsunari H, Kumon K, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa S, Furuita H, Oku H, Yamamoto T. Characterization and ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1741-1755. [PMID: 25055726 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The major digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae were characterized, and the physiological characteristics of the enzymes during early ontogeny were clarified using biochemical and molecular approaches. The maximum activity of trypsin (Try), chymotrypsin (Ct) and amylase (Amy) was observed at pH 6-11, 8-11 and 6-9, respectively. Maximum activity of Try, Ct and Amy occurred at 50 °C, that of lipase (Lip) was at 60 °C and that of pepsin (Pep) was at 40-50 °C. These pH and thermal profiles were similar to those for other fish species but differed from those previously reported for adult bluefin tuna. Enzyme activity for all enzymes assayed was found to decrease at high temperatures (Try, Ct, Amy and Pep: 50 °C; Lip: 40 °C), which is similar to findings for other fish species with one marked exception-increased Try activity was observed at 40 °C. Lip activity appeared to be dependent on bile salts under our assay conditions, resulting in a significant increase in activity in the presence of bile salts. Ontogenetic changes in pancreatic digestive enzymes showed similar gene expression patterns to those of other fish species, whereas marked temporal increases in enzyme activities were observed at 10-12 days post hatching (dph), coinciding with previously reported timing of the development of the pyloric caeca in bluefin tuna larvae. However, complete development of digestive function was indicated by the high pep gene expression from 19 dph, which contradicts the profile of Pep activity and previously reported development timing of the gastric gland. These findings contribute to the general knowledge of bluefin tuna larval digestive system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Aquaculture Systems Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1, Hiruda, Tamaki, Mie, 519-0423, Japan,
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27
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Weng WY, Wu T, Chen WQ, Liu GM, Osatomi K, Su WJ, Cao MJ. Purification and characterization of pepsinogens and pepsins from the stomach of rice field eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:543-552. [PMID: 21140210 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Three pepsinogens (PG1, PG2, and PG3) were highly purified from the stomach of freshwater fish rice field eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew) by ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200 HR. The molecular masses of the three purified PGs were all estimated as 36 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) showed that pI values of the three PGs were 5.1, 4.8, and 4.6, respectively. All the PGs converted into corresponding pepsins quickly at pH 2.0, and their activities could be specifically inhibited by aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzymes for hydrolyzing hemoglobin were 3.0-3.5 and 40-45 °C. The K (m) values of them were 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ M, 8.7 × 10⁻⁵ M, and 6.9 × 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. The turnover numbers (k(cat)) of them were 23.2, 24.0, and 42.6 s⁻¹. Purified pepsins were effective in the degradation of fish muscular proteins, suggesting their digestive functions physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yin Weng
- College of Biological Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Jimei University, 361021 Jimei, Xiamen, China
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28
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Type I collagen from the skin of ornate threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon): Characteristics and effect of pepsin hydrolysis. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Kishimura H. Purification and biochemical properties of pepsins from the stomach of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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