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Wang R, Li W, Fang C, Zheng X, Liu C, Huang Q. Extraction and identification of new flavonoid compounds in dandelion Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. with evaluation of antioxidant activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2166. [PMID: 36750602 PMCID: PMC9905065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the interest in the potential pharmacological application of dandelion, the chemical constituents and activities of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz were studied. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the protocol for extraction of flavonoid from dandelion. The molecular structures of different flavonoid compounds were acquired and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Several major flavonoid compounds were isolated and purified, namely, hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside, hesperetin-7-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-glucoside, baicalein, hyperseroside, which were extracted for the first time from dandelion. Hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside was identified as a new type of flavonoid that had never reported in the literature. This new flavonoid has outstanding antioxidant activity, as shown by its IC50 value (8.72 mg/L) for scavenging DPPH free radicals. The determination of the structure-related antioxidant activities could be interpreted based on DFT calculations. As such, we have not only illustrated the rich flavonoid contents in Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, but also revealed new types of flavonoid compounds in dandelion in terms of structure and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Heifei, 230601, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Heifei, 230601, China
| | - Cao Fang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinxin Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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2
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ARAÚJO CDLD, COSTA GFD, DANTAS TD, LIMA TLS, KRAUSKOPF MM, ALVES RDN, BATISTA JMM, Santiago NETO JF, Figueiredo CFVD, ANDRADE ROD, RIBEIRO NL. Use of ultrasound and acerola (Malpighia emarginata) residue extract in meat pork. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Hu Y, Tse TJ, Shim YY, Purdy SK, Kim YJ, Meda V, Reaney MJT. A review of flaxseed lignan and the extraction and refinement of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5057-5072. [PMID: 36448088 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignan is a class of diphenolic compounds that arise from the condensation of two phenylpropanoid moieties. Oilseed and cereal crops (e.g., flaxseed, sesame seed, wheat, barley, oats, rye, etc.) are major sources of plant lignan. Methods for commercial isolation of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) are not well reported, as most publications describing the detection, extraction, and enrichment of SDG use methods that have not been optimized for commercial scale lignan recovery. Simply scaling up laboratory methods would require expensive infrastructure to achieve a marketable yield and reproducible product quality. Therefore, establishing standard protocols to produce SDG and its derivatives on an industrial scale is critical to decrease lignan cost and increase market opportunities. This review summarizes the human health benefits of flaxseed lignan consumption, lignan physicochemical properties, and mammalian lignan metabolism, and describes methods for detecting, extracting, and enriching flaxseed lignan. Refining and optimization of these methods could lead to the development of inexpensive lignan sources for application as an ingredient in medicines, dietary supplements, and other healthy ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy J Tse
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah K Purdy
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Venkatesh Meda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Shirakata H, Nishiwaki H, Yamauchi S. Syntheses of all eight stereoisomers of conidendrin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1986-1996. [PMID: 32552421 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1777081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
All eight stereoisomers of conidendrin were synthesized from (1 R,2 S,3 S)-1-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2- hydroxymethyl-1,4-butanediol ((+)-4) and its enantiomer with high optical purity. The configurations at 4-positions of the conidendrin stereoisomers were constructed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of protected 4. After conversion to tetrahydronaphthalene intermediate 7a, the 2- and 3-position of tetrahydronaphthalene structure 7a were converted to 3a- and 9a-position of (+)-α-conidendrin (3a), respectively. By the epimerization process of 2- or 3-position of 7a, the other diastereomers were obtained. All enantiomers were also synthesized from (-)-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Shirakata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Japan
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5
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Jeong YH, Jeong GH, Jeong YH, Kim TH. Identification of sesamol byproducts produced by plasma treatment with inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts formation and ONOO− scavenging activities. Food Chem 2020; 314:126196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Kim Lien GT, Van DTT, Cuong DH, Yen PH, Tai BH, Kiem PV. A New Phenolic Constituent From Carica papaya Flowers and Its Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19850987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phenolic (caricapapayol, 1) and 8 known compounds (2-9) were isolated from the flowers of Carica papaya. Their structures were determined by analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR spectral data, and comparison with the literature. Among known compounds, compound 2 has not been reported from natural source. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 14.3 ± 2.7, 25.5 ± 1.9, and 19.8 ± 3.0 µM, respectively, in comparison with positive control kojic acid IC50 11.3 ± 1.6 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dao Hung Cuong
- University of Education, The University of Danang, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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7
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Hunyadi A. The mechanism(s) of action of antioxidants: From scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species to redox signaling and the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2505-2533. [PMID: 31074028 DOI: 10.1002/med.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule, dietary antioxidants exert a remarkably broad range of bioactivities, and many of these can be explained by the influence of antioxidants on the redox homeostasis. Such compounds help to modulate the levels of harmful reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and therefore participate in the regulation of various redox signaling pathways. However, upon ingestion, antioxidants usually undergo extensive metabolism that can generate a wide range of bioactive metabolites. This makes it difficult, but otherwise a need, to identify the ones responsible for the different activities of antioxidants. By better understanding their ways of action, the use of antioxidants in therapy can be improved. This review provides a summary on the role of the in vivo metabolic changes and the oxidized metabolites on the mechanisms behind the bioactivity of antioxidants. A special attention is given to metabolites described as products of biomimetic oxidative chemical reactions, which can be considered as models of free radical scavenging. During such reactions a wide variety of metabolites are formed, and they can exert completely different specific bioactivities as compared to their parent antioxidants. This implies that exploring the free radical scavenging-related metabolite fingerprint of each antioxidant molecule, collectively defined here as the scavengome, will lead to a deeper understanding of the bioactivity of these compounds. Furthermore, this paper aims to be a working tool for systematic studies on oxidized metabolic fingerprints of antioxidants, which will certainly reveal an often-neglected segment of chemical space that is a treasury of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Runeberg PA, Brusentsev Y, Rendon SMK, Eklund PC. Oxidative Transformations of Lignans. Molecules 2019; 24:E300. [PMID: 30650623 PMCID: PMC6359405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous oxidative transformations of lignan structures have been reported in the literature. In this paper we present an overview on the current findings in the field. The focus is put on transformations targeting a specific structure, a specific reaction, or an interconversion of the lignan skeleton. Oxidative transformations related to biosynthesis, antioxidant measurements, and total syntheses are mostly excluded. Non-metal mediated as well as metal mediated oxidations are reported, and mechanisms based on hydrogen abstractions, epoxidations, hydroxylations, and radical reactions are discussed for the transformation and interconversion of lignan structures. Enzymatic oxidations, photooxidation, and electrochemical oxidations are also briefly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik A Runeberg
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Yury Brusentsev
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Sabine M K Rendon
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Patrik C Eklund
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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9
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Han Jeong G, Cho JH, Jo C, Lee S, Sik Lee S, Bai HW, Chung BY, Hoon Kim T. Gamma irradiation-assisted degradation of rosmarinic acid and evaluation of structures and anti-adipogenic properties. Food Chem 2018; 258:181-188. [PMID: 29655721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is a promising technique for improving the safety and shelf-life of processed foods. In the present investigation, the degradation mechanism and bioactivity improvement of rosmarinic acid (RA) were studied in response to various gamma irradiation doses (10, 20, and 50 kGy). RA exposed to gamma irradiation at 50 kGy was completely degraded and showed an increased inhibitory effect against 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte compare to the parent compound. Structures of the newly generated compounds 2-4 from irradiated RA at 50 kGy were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, including 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Interestingly, compounds 2 and 5 exhibited significantly enhanced anti-adipogenic properties in 3 T3-L1 cells compared to the original compound. These results provide evidence that structural changes in RA induced by gamma irradiation might enhance biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Han Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Antioxidant efficacy and the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression by (+)-lariciresinol, a lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis, through the activation of p38. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46035. [PMID: 28378774 PMCID: PMC5380954 DOI: 10.1038/srep46035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the antioxidative activity of (+)-lariciresinol (LRSL), an optically active lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis in several in vitro assays. LRSL was also subjected to evaluate its inhibitory effect against the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. The results showed that LRSL possessed very strong radical scavenging activity and reducing power, as well as inhibited ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner without showing any cytotoxicity. The transcriptional and translational levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were markedly higher in the sample treated group. LRSL treatment also increased the transcriptional and translational activities of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) with a corresponding increase in the transcriptional and translational activities of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). LRSL activated p38 and treatments with SB239063 (a p38 inhibitor) suppressed the LRSL-induced activation of Nrf2, resulting in a decrease in HO-1 expression. Collectively, the data demonstrated that LRSL has potent antioxidative activity, decreasing ROS generation in RAW 264.7 cells and increasing the transcriptional and translational levels of antioxidant enzymes by activating Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction via p38 signaling.
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Hano C, Corbin C, Drouet S, Quéro A, Rombaut N, Savoire R, Molinié R, Thomasset B, Mesnard F, Lainé E. The lignan (+)-secoisolariciresinol extracted from flax hulls is an effective protectant of linseed oil and its emulsion against oxidative damage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hano
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Natacha Rombaut
- UMR 408, GREEN Team Extraction; Université d'Avignon et des pays du Vaucluse, INRA; Avignon cedex France
- ORTESA LabCom Naturex; Université d'Avignon; Avignon cedex France
| | - Raphaëlle Savoire
- IPB/ENSCBP, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS/IPB/Université de Bordeaux, Equipe Clip'in; Allée Geoffroy Sait Hilaire, Bât B14; Pessac France
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne cedex France
| | - François Mesnard
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
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13
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Anjum S, Abbasi BH, Doussot J, Favre-Réguillon A, Hano C. Effects of photoperiod regimes and ultraviolet-C radiations on biosynthesis of industrially important lignans and neolignans in cell cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 167:216-227. [PMID: 28088102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and neolignans are principal bioactive components of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax), having multiple pharmacological activities. In present study, we are reporting an authoritative abiotic elicitation strategy of photoperiod regimes along with UV-C radiations. Cell cultures were grown in different photoperiod regimes (24h-dark, 24h-light and 16L/8D h photoperiod) either alone or in combination with various doses (1.8-10.8kJ/m2) of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiations. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), lariciresinol diglucoside (LDG), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG), and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG) were quantified by using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results showed that the cultures exposed to UV-C radiations, accumulated higher levels of lignans, neolignans and other biochemical markers than cultures grown under different photoperiod regimes. 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations resulted in 1.86-fold (7.1mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of SDG, 2.25-fold (21.6mg/g DW) in LDG, and 1.33-fold (9.2mg/g DW) in GGCG in cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod than their respective controls. Furthermore, cell cultures grown under UV+dark showed 1.36-fold (60.0mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of DCG in response to 1.8kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations. Smilar trends were observed in productivity of SDG, LDG and GGCG. Additionally, 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations also resulted in 2.82-fold (195.65mg/l) increase in total phenolic production, 2.94-fold (98.9mg/l) in total flavonoid production and 1.04-fold (95%) in antioxidant activity of cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod. These findings open new dimensions for feasible production of biologically active lignans and neolignans by Flax cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France; Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (UMR 5285), CPE Lyon, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, France
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14
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Waszkowiak K, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Barthet V, Skręty J. Effect of Extraction Method on the Phenolic and Cyanogenic Glucoside Profile of Flaxseed Extracts and their Antioxidant Capacity. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015; 92:1609-1619. [PMID: 26640278 PMCID: PMC4661209 DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of flaxseed extracts as food ingredients is a subject of interest to food technologists and nutritionists. Therefore, the influence of the extraction method on the content and composition of beneficial compounds as well as anti-nutrients is important. In the study, the effects of two solvent extraction methods, aqueous and 60 % ethanolic, on phenolic and cyanogenic glucoside profiles of flaxseed extract were determined and compared. The impact of extracted phenolic compounds on the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also investigated. Defatted meals from brown and golden flax varieties were used as extraction material. The ethanolic extraction was more selective for phenolics (100.8-131.7 mg g-1) than the aqueous one (11.5-15.7 mg g-1). However, the contribution of particular phenolic compounds to total phenolics was much more dependent on flax variety than extraction method. A strong relationship was observed between both radical scavenging and ferric reducing activity and the content of phenolics (particularly secoisolariciresinol diglucoside). The correlation between extract chelating ability and phenolics was moderate suggesting that other flaxseed compounds are involved in this activity. The extraction method strongly affected cyanogenic glucoside content of flaxseed extracts; the aqueous extraction caused 96 % reduction in cyanogenic glucoside content (0.56-0.62 mmol g-1) when compared to the content in defatted meal (9.1-11.6 mmol g-1). On the contrary, ethanolic extraction resulted in the high cyanogenic glucoside content in the extracts (71-89 mmol g-1). The results reveals that ethanolic extraction gives extracts rich in antioxidant lignans; aqueous extracts have lower antioxidant activity than ethanolic but cyanogenic glucosides are significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- />Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska-Świgło
- />Faculty of Commodity Science, Poznań University of Economics, al Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Veronique Barthet
- />Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8 Canada
| | - Joanna Skręty
- />Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Kumar Y, Yadav DN, Ahmad T, Narsaiah K. Recent Trends in the Use of Natural Antioxidants for Meat and Meat Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Livestock Products Technology, Central Inst. of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology; Punjab Agricultural Univ; Ludhiana India
| | - Deep Narayan Yadav
- Food Science and Technology, Central Inst. of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology; Punjab Agricultural Univ; Ludhiana India
| | - Tanbir Ahmad
- Livestock Products Technology, Central Inst. of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology; Punjab Agricultural Univ; Ludhiana India
| | - Kairam Narsaiah
- Agriculture Structure and Process Engineering, Central Inst. of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology; Punjab Agricultural Univ; Ludhiana India
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Huang XX, Bai M, Zhou L, Lou LL, Liu QB, Zhang Y, Li LZ, Song SJ. Food Byproducts as a New and Cheap Source of Bioactive Compounds: Lignans with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties from Crataegus pinnatifida Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7252-60. [PMID: 26237121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During the process of manufacturing hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) juice and jam, a significant quantity of byproducts (leaves, seeds) is generated. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of hawthorn seeds has led to the isolation of eight new lignans, hawthornnins A-H (1-8), and seven known analogues (9-15). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectra. The radical-scavenging effects of all isolated compounds were investigated. 1-6 and 8 showed moderate activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), whereas 1-6 and 14 displayed good 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical-scavenging activities that were even more potent than that of trolox. In addition, all isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by detecting the nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production by the LPS-induced murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, and compounds 1-7, 13, and 14 exhibited potent inhibition of NO and TNF-α production. The structure-activity relationships of isolated lignans were also examined, and the results obtained show that C. pinnatifida seeds can be regarded as a potential new and cheap source of antioxidants and inflammation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Huang
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Bai
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhou
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Lou
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- †School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, ‡Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, and #School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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17
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Niculaes C, Morreel K, Kim H, Lu F, McKee LS, Ivens B, Haustraete J, Vanholme B, Rycke RD, Hertzberg M, Fromm J, Bulone V, Polle A, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase prevents accumulation of compounds formed under oxidative conditions in poplar xylem. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3775-91. [PMID: 25238751 PMCID: PMC4213149 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.125260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER) is one of the most abundant proteins in poplar (Populus spp) xylem, but its biological role has remained obscure. In this work, metabolite profiling of transgenic poplar trees downregulated in PCBER revealed both the in vivo substrate and product of PCBER. Based on mass spectrometry and NMR data, the substrate was identified as a hexosylated 8-5-coupling product between sinapyl alcohol and guaiacylglycerol, and the product was identified as its benzyl-reduced form. This activity was confirmed in vitro using a purified recombinant PCBER expressed in Escherichia coli. Assays performed on 20 synthetic substrate analogs revealed the enzyme specificity. In addition, the xylem of PCBER-downregulated trees accumulated over 2000-fold higher levels of cysteine adducts of monolignol dimers. These compounds could be generated in vitro by simple oxidative coupling assays involving monolignols and cysteine. Altogether, our data suggest that the function of PCBER is to reduce phenylpropanoid dimers in planta to form antioxidants that protect the plant against oxidative damage. In addition to describing the catalytic activity of one of the most abundant enzymes in wood, we provide experimental evidence for the antioxidant role of a phenylpropanoid coupling product in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Niculaes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bart Ivens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Haustraete
- Protein Service Facility, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jorg Fromm
- Zentrum für Holzwirtschaft, Universität Hamburg, D-21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB Institute, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Enhancing Effect of a Cysteinyl Thiol on the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids and Identification of the Antioxidative Thiol Adducts of Myricetin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1753-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Masuda T, Shingai Y, Takahashi C, Inai M, Miura Y, Honda S, Masuda A. Identification of a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor from oxidation of caffeic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:300-7. [PMID: 24503177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory activity of Fe-ion-catalyzed radical oxidation products from 22 types of phenolic compounds toward xanthine oxidase (XO) was investigated. Phenols are readily oxidizable compounds in nature and, thus, showed potent antioxidant activities. Among the phenols screened in this study, noticeable activity was observed in the oxidation product of caffeic acid, whereas almost no XO-inhibitory activity of caffeic acid was observed. Assay-guided purification of the oxidation product of caffeic acid afforded a highly potent XO inhibitor, with an IC50 value that was calculated to be 60 nmol L(-1), which indicated XO-inhibitory activity much stronger than that of allopurinol (IC50 = 1 μmol L(-1)), a potent XO inhibitor and excellent medicine for the treatment of gout. The chemical structure of this new XO inhibitor was investigated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses, and the unique tetracyclic structure was confirmed by synthesis starting from commercially available 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and 3,4-dimethoxylbenzoyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Masuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Shingai
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Chizuru Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Miyuki Inai
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Yukari Miura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Masuda
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
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20
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Rajachan OA, Kanokmedhakul S, Nasomjai P, Kanokmedhakul K. Chemical constituents and biological activities from roots ofEnkleia siamensis. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:268-70. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.838241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Fujimoto A, Inai M, Masuda T. Chemical evidence for the synergistic effect of a cysteinyl thiol on the antioxidant activity of caffeic and dihydrocaffeic esters. Food Chem 2013; 138:1483-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Shang SZ, Yan JM, Zhang HB, Shi YM, Gao ZH, Du X, Li Y, Xiao WL, Sun HD. Two new neolignans from Manglietia insignis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:227-230. [PMCID: PMC4131636 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Zhai Shang
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ju-Ming Yan
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Du
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, China
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23
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Ratnikov MO, Farkas LE, Doyle MP. Tandem Sequence of Phenol Oxidation and Intramolecular Addition as a Method in Building Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10294-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim O. Ratnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Linda E. Farkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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24
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Fujimoto A, Masuda T. Chemical interaction between polyphenols and a cysteinyl thiol under radical oxidation conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5142-5151. [PMID: 22551224 DOI: 10.1021/jf3008822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interaction between polyphenols and thiols was investigated under radical oxidation conditions using a model cysteinyl thiol derivative, N-benzoylcysteine methyl ester. The radical oxidation was carried out with a stoichiometric amount of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the decreases in the amounts of polyphenols and the thiol were measured by HPLC analysis. Cross-coupling products between various polyphenols and the thiol were examined by LC-MS in reactions that showed decreases in both the polyphenols and the thiol. The LC-MS results indicated that three phenolic acid esters (methyl caffeate, methyl dihydrocaffeate, and methyl protocatechuate) and six flavonoids (kaempferol, myricetin, luteolin, morin, taxifolin, and catechin) gave corresponding thiol adducts, whereas three polyphenols (methyl ferulate, methyl sinapate, and quercetin) gave only dimers or simple oxidation products without thiol substituents. Thiol adducts of the structurally related compounds methyl caffeate and methyl dihydrocaffeate were isolated, and their chemical structures were determined by NMR analysis. The mechanism for the thiol addition was discussed on the basis of the structures of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Science, University of Tokushima , Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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25
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomeric natural products: occurrence and biogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4802-36. [PMID: 22555867 PMCID: PMC3498912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, chiral natural products are usually produced in optically pure form-however, occasionally both enantiomers are formed. These enantiomeric natural products can arise from a single species or from different genera and/or species. Extensive research has been carried out over the years in an attempt to understand the biogenesis of naturally occurring enantiomers; however, many fascinating puzzles and stereochemical anomalies still remain.
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26
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Protective Role of Phyllanthus niruri Extract against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:241583. [PMID: 22649471 PMCID: PMC3357973 DOI: 10.1155/2012/241583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A preclinical study was performed to determine if the extract from Phyllanthus niruri (PN) plays a protective role against liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Initially, acute toxicity was tested and the results showed that the extract was benign when applied to healthy rats. Next, the therapeutic effect of the extract was investigated using five groups of rats: control, TAA, silymarin, and PN high dose and low dose groups. Significant differences were observed between the TAA group and the other groups regarding body and liver weights, liver biochemical parameters, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress enzyme levels. Gross visualization indicated coarse granules on the surface of the hepatotoxic rats' livers, in contrast to the smoother surface in the livers of the silymarin and PN-treated rats. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis, lymphocytes infiltration in the centrilobular region, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation in the livers of the hepatotoxic rats. But, the livers of the treated rats had comparatively minimal inflammation and normal lobular architecture. Silymarin and PN treatments effectively restored these measurements closer to their normal levels. Progression of liver cirrhosis induced by TAA in rats can be intervened using the PN extract and these effects are comparable to those of silymarin.
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27
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomere Naturstoffe: Vorkommen und Biogenese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Fujimoto A, Masuda T. Antioxidation mechanism of rosmarinic acid, identification of an unstable quinone derivative by the addition of odourless thiol. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Wang YF, Xu ZK, Yang DH, Yao HY, Ku BS, Ma XQ, Wang CZ, Liu SL, Cai SQ. The antidepressant effect of secoisolariciresinol, a lignan-type phytoestrogen constituent of flaxseed, on ovariectomized mice. J Nat Med 2012; 67:222-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Bentayeb K, Rubio C, Nerín C. Study of the antioxidant mechanisms of Trolox and eugenol with 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinepropane)dihydrochloride using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:459-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Shingai Y, Fujimoto A, Nakamura M, Masuda T. Structure and function of the oxidation products of polyphenols and identification of potent lipoxygenase inhibitors from Fe-catalyzed oxidation of resveratrol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8180-8186. [PMID: 21726087 DOI: 10.1021/jf202561p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have recently attracted much attention as potent antioxidants and related bioactive substances. These potent antioxidative polyphenols are very oxidizable due to their chemical properties, and their oxidation products must accumulate in the oxidizing foods when they are contained as the active ingredients. In this investigation, 30 polyphenols and related phenolics were oxidized with oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe ions. Piceatannol, catechin, epicatechin, hydroxytyrosol, carnosol, and carnosic acid were oxidized very quickly. Sinapic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, propyl gallate, α-tocopherol, quercetin, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid were moderately oxidized. Protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, taxifolin, resveratrol, gentisic acid, secoisolariciresinol, and ellagic acid were oxidized for 19-20 days; however, their oxidation was very slow and did not complete. The other phenolics were not oxidized. The obtained oxidation products were next subjected to a lipoxygenase inhibition assay and the results compared to those of the corresponding phenols. Very interestingly, the oxidation product from resveratrol showed a high inhibitory activity, whereas resveratrol itself had no activity and its oxidation efficiency was low. To clarify the inhibition principle of the oxidation product, an LC-MS analysis was carried out on the oxidation product. The analytical results showed that they are the oligomeric and degraded compounds of resveratrol. Among them, the structures of three dimeric compounds were successfully identified, and their activity data clarified that the closed ring dimers were potent lipoxygenase inhibitors, whereas the opened ring dimer was not. It should be noted that resveratrol had almost no lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, contrary to some researchers' findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Shingai
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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32
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Fujimoto A, Shingai Y, Nakamura M, Maekawa T, Sone Y, Masuda T. A novel ring-expanded product with enhanced tyrosinase inhibitory activity from classical Fe-catalyzed oxidation of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidative Lamiaceae polyphenol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7393-6. [PMID: 21041086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The iron-ion catalyzed oxidation of the ethanol solution of rosmarinic acid, a potent antioxidant polyphenol of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) plants, afforded a highly tyrosinase-inhibitory active product. The structure of the active product in the oxidation product mixture was determined using extensive NMR spectroscopy to have a novel oxygen-containing seven-membered ring system. The formation mechanism of the unique ring structure from the catechol part of the rosmarinic acid was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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33
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Masuda T, Shingai Y, Fujimoto A, Nakamura M, Oyama Y, Maekawa T, Sone Y. Identification of cytotoxic dimers in oxidation product from sesamol, a potent antioxidant of sesame oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10880-10885. [PMID: 20925385 DOI: 10.1021/jf103015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phytophenols of edible plants have recently attracted much attention as potent antioxidants and related bioactive substances. These antioxidative phytophenols are very oxidizable due to their chemical properties, and their oxidation products must accumulate in the oxidizing foods when they are contained as active ingredients. In this investigation, several phytophenols, which are well known as potent antioxidants in food science, were oxidized by oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of Ferric ion. Caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and sesamol were quickly oxidized, whereas eugenol, resveratrol, rutin, and quercetin were not under the stated conditions. The oxidation product mixtures of the quickly oxidized phytophenols were next subjected to a cytotoxic assay using normal cells. Among the products, the oxidation product from sesamol showed a remarkably high cytotoxic activity. To clarify the cytotoxic principle of the oxidation products, an assay-guided fractionation and subsequent isolation of the oxidation compound of sesamol was carried out. Structure analysis of the isolated compounds revealed that they are new dimeric compounds (2-5) of sesamol. The cytotoxic activity of the dimers was evaluated from the population of dead cells by a flow cytometric analysis of rat thymocytes in the presence of 100 μM of each compound. Compound 2 showed the most potent cytotoxic activity among them. Compound 2 has a typical conjugated carbonyl moiety and the moiety possibly contributes to its high toxicity from a structure-activity point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Masuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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