1
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Grodner B, Żołek T, Kutner A. Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Analogs of (24 R)-1,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Derivative as Predicted by Quantum Chemical Calculations. Molecules 2023; 28:5055. [PMID: 37446718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic (NACE) separation was obtained of analogs of (24R)-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 derivative (calcipotriol) as predicted by quantum chemical calculations supported by the density functional theory (DFT). Among the key electronic properties investigated, absolute values of the dipole polarizability and energy gap between HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals of the analog molecules differ significantly for particular analogs, and there is a direct relationship with their electrophoretic migration time. These differences and relationships suggest that the structurally related analogs should be separable in the electrostatic field. Indeed, the robust, sensitive, and rapid NACE method was first developed for the identification and determination of the anticancer analog of calcipotriol (coded PRI-2205) and its process-related impurities (coded PRI-2201, PRI-2203, and PRI-2204) in organic and aqueous biological solutions. The direct relation between the calculated electronic properties of the analogs and the experimental electrophoretic migration time could be a promising prospect for theoretically predicting the electrophoretic separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Grodner
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Bagheri N, Al Lawati HAJ, Hassanzadeh J, Al Lawati I. Novel amino-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework/layered double hydroxide adsorbent for microfluidic solid phase extraction: Application for vitamin D 3. Talanta 2023; 256:124272. [PMID: 36709712 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide, especially with limited sun exposure and sun avoidance. Thus, reliable monitoring of vitamin D levels in food and biological samples is vital for medicinal diagnosis. Herein, a potent method for the extraction and determination of vitamin D3 is presented using a microchip-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) device followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection. A new magnetic adsorbent based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified ZnFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)/2-aminoterephthalic acid-Zn2+ metal-organic framework (IRMOF-3) composite (IRMOF-3@MLDH) was successfully synthesized and fixed inside a rectangular micro-column (4 × 2 × 12 mm). The porous structure and high surface area of IRMOF-3@MLDH provide abundant adsorbing sites and make it a potent SPE adsorbent, with an exceptional ability to retain vitamin D3. The adsorption isotherm showed that the composite was highly efficient at extracting vitamin D3 with an extraction capacity of 126 mg g-1. The designed extraction microchip simplified the SPE process, paving the way for automated SPE systems. The developed method presented a broad linear range of 5-2000 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 1.4 ng mL-1. In comparison to conventional silica-based adsorbents, a higher sensitivity was obtained in the determination of vitamin D3 using the IRMOF-3@MLDH adsorbent. The selectivity of the method was also satisfactory, enabling the measurement of vitamin D3 in food and blood samples with high recovery values in the range from 95.2 to 101%. Thus, the newly developed adsorbent and method offer an efficient alternative to the commonly used C18-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Haider A J Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman.
| | - Javad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Iman Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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3
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Improving vitamin D content in pork meat by UVB biofortification. Meat Sci 2023; 199:109115. [PMID: 36753832 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and identification of alternative food-based strategies are urgently warranted. In two studies, 12-week old crossbred pigs (Duroc x (Large White x Landrace)) were exposed daily to narrowband UVB radiation for ∼10 weeks or control (no UVB exposure) until slaughter. In Study 1 (n = 48), pigs were exposed to UVB for 2 min and in Study 2 (n = 20), this duration was tripled to 6 min. All pigs were fed the maximum permitted 2000 IU vitamin D3/kg feed. Loin meat was cooked prior to vitamin D LC-MS/MS analysis. In Study 1, pork loin vitamin D3 did not differ between groups. Study 2 provided longer UVB exposure time and resulted in significantly higher loin vitamin D3 (11.97 vs. 6.03 μg/kg), 25(OH)D3 (2.09 vs. 1.65 μg/kg) and total vitamin D activity (22.88 vs. 14.50 μg/kg) concentrations, compared to control (P < 0.05). Pigs remained healthy during both studies and developed no signs of erythema. Biofortification by UVB radiation provides an effective strategy to further safely increase the naturally occurring vitamin D content of pork loin, alongside feed supplementation.
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4
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Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, McAleenon R, Slevin MM, Cobice D, McMurray R, Loy R, White A, Pourshahidi LK. Bioavailability of vitamin D biofortified pork meat: results of an acute human crossover study in healthy adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:279-290. [PMID: 36843327 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2182256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D intakes are concerningly low. Food-based strategies are urgently warranted to increase vitamin D intakes and subsequently improve 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. This acute randomised three-way crossover study investigated the efficacy of vitamin D biofortified pork derived from pigs exposed to UVB light to increase serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, compared to a dose-matched vitamin D3 supplement and control pork in adults (n = 14). Blood samples were obtained at baseline and then 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h postprandially. There was a significant effect of time (p < 0.01) and a significant treatment*time interaction (p < 0.05). UV pork and supplement significantly increased within-group serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations over timepoints (p < 0.05) (max. change 0.9 nmol/L (2.2%) UV pork, 1.5 nmol/L (3.5%) supplement, 0.7 nmol/L (1.9%) control). Vitamin D biofortified pork modestly increased 25(OH)D3 concentrations and produced a similar response pattern as a dose-matched vitamin D supplement, but biofortification protocols should be further optimised to ensure differentiation from standard pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - C I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - E J McDonald
- Devenish Nutrition Ltd, Lagan House, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - W C McRoberts
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R McAleenon
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - M M Slevin
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - D Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - R McMurray
- Devenish Nutrition Ltd, Lagan House, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R Loy
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - A White
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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5
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Analysis of milk with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry: a review. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAs a widely consumed foodstuff, milk and dairy products are increasingly studied over the years. At the present time, milk profiling is used as a benchmark to assess the properties of milk. Modern biomolecular mass spectrometers have become invaluable to fully characterize the milk composition. This review reports the analysis of milk and its components using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). LC–MS analysis as a whole will be discussed subdivided into the major constituents of milk, namely, lipids, proteins, sugars and the mineral fraction.
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6
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Impact of cooking on vitamin D 3 and 25(OH)D 3 content of pork products. Food Chem 2022; 397:133839. [PMID: 35947937 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the impact of cooking on vitamin D content in pork, despite meat being a major contributor to vitamin D intakes. This paper investigated the effect of household cooking (pan-fry/roast/grill/sous-vide/sauté), on the vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration/retention in pork loin, mince and sausages. We hypothesised that vitamin D concentrations would be higher in cooked vs raw pork, and retention would differ between products. Cooking significantly increased vitamin D3 (+49 %) and 25(OH)D3 (+33 %) concentrations. All cooked loin vitamin D3 concentrations were significantly lower than mince/sausage. Vitamin D3 retention was > 100 % for all samples (102-135 %), except sauté mince (99 %) which still did not differ significantly from 100 % retention. Sous-vide cooking resulted in the highest vitamin D3 retention (135 %). Likely owing to water/fat loss, household cooking of pork results in favourable retention of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3. The type of pork product has greater influence than cooking method.
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7
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Advancement of omics techniques for chemical profile analysis and authentication of milk. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Manzoor MF, Wei W, Sarpong F, Wang X. Lipid-soluble vitamins from dairy products: Extraction, purification, and analytical techniques. Food Chem 2021; 373:131436. [PMID: 34740052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are considered as essential sources of lipid-soluble vitamins (LSVs) for human nutrition. Due to the lower concentrations, complexity, and instability of LSVs during extraction, their quantification remains challenging. This review focus on advances in the extraction and quantification of LSVs from different dairy products. Saponification, and liquid-liquid (LLE), solid-phase (SPE), and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods, as well as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, are the most common techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) has unique advantages for LSVs determination and quantification due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Karrar
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick Sarpong
- Value Addition Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kade, Ghana
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tuddenham C, Greaves RF, Rajapaksa AE, Wark JD, Zakaria R. Detection of Vitamin D Metabolites in Breast Milk: Perspectives and challenges for measurement by Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2021; 97:1-10. [PMID: 34419456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is an emerging matrix for vitamin D assessment of breastfed infants and their mothers. It is considered a more reliable indicator of infant intake than the assessment of maternal circulating vitamin D. With the improved sensitivity of mass spectrometry-based technologies, this method principle has been the recent mainstay for the quantitation of various vitamin D metabolites in breast milk for population-based clinical trials. There are still several areas across the total testing process (pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical) to be defined and harmonised to translate breast milk vitamin D measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from population-based research to routine clinical use and public health applications. Pre-analytically, the determination of the best form of vitamin D to measure in breast milk requires more evidence. Analytically, standardisation of the methods to allow for comparability of results is required. Post analytically, breast milk vitamin D decision limits are needed to turn the individual numerical outputs into clinically meaningful results. This review aims to synthesise the current evidence and utility of measurement of breast milk vitamin D by LC-MS/MS and to lead a future discussion on best practices to allow for its clinical utility beyond its current research-based use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Tuddenham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Sonic Healthcare, Melbourne Pathology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia; Emerging Technologies Division, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Anushi E Rajapaksa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia; New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Think Project Global, Clayton, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Womens's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Bone and Mineral Medicine and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Rosita Zakaria
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Dunlop E, James AP, Cunningham J, Strobel N, Lucas RM, Kiely M, Nowson CA, Rangan A, Adorno P, Atyeo P, Black LJ. Vitamin D composition of Australian foods. Food Chem 2021; 358:129836. [PMID: 33933982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Australia needs accurate vitamin D food composition data to support public health initiatives. Previously, limitations in analytical methodology have precluded development of a comprehensive database. We used liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) to analyse 149 composite samples representing 98 foods (primary samples n = 896) in duplicate for vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), vitamin D2, 25(OH)D2. The greatest concentrations of vitamin D3 were found in canned salmon and a malted chocolate drink powder (fortified); chicken eggs and chicken leg meat contained the most 25(OH)D3. Margarine (fortified) and chocolate contained the greatest concentrations of vitamin D2, with smaller amounts found in various meat products. 25(OH)D2 was detected in various foods, including meats, and was quantitated in lamb liver. These data advance knowledge of dietary vitamin D in Australia and highlight the importance of analysis of these four forms of vitamin D to accurately represent the vitamin D content of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Anthony P James
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Judy Cunningham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Norbert Strobel
- National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia.
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2600, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - Anna Rangan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Paul Adorno
- National Measurement Institute, 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia.
| | - Paul Atyeo
- Australian Bureau of Statistics, 45 Benjamin Way, Belconnen, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
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11
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Ložnjak Švarc P, Barnkob LL, Jakobsen J. Quantification of vitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in food - The impact of eluent additives and labelled internal standards on matrix effects in LC-MS/MS analysis. Food Chem 2021; 357:129588. [PMID: 33864998 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deuterated vitamin D standards are used commonly as internal standards in LC-MS/MS analysis of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in food. However, the use of various eluent additives, such as methylamine, formic acid and ammonium formate, also contributes to matrix effects and the performance of analysis by affecting accuracy and robustness. For the first time, continuous post-column infusion experiments of isotopically labelled vitamin D3-[d6] were performed to evaluate ion-suppression in a wide variety of food (salmon, cheese, pork fat, pork meat, and egg yolk). Furthermore, results collected using five analytical methods, employing DAD/UV and MS/MS-detectors, were evaluated with in-house and standardised reference materials. The matrix effect was significant when analysing vitamin D3 in most food matrices using the deuterium labelled internal standard. Even though the use of the 13C5-labelled internal standard reduced matrix effects, a standardised method is needed to agree on the true value of vitamin D in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ložnjak Švarc
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Lundbæk Barnkob
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Research Group for Bioactives - Analysis and Application, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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12
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Weir RR, Johnston M, Lowis C, Fearon AM, Stewart S, Strain JJ, Pourshahidi LK. Vitamin D 3 content of cows' milk produced in Northern Ireland and its efficacy as a vehicle for vitamin D fortification: a UK model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:447-455. [PMID: 33100087 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1837743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cows' milk is a relatively poor source of vitamin D but figures listed in UK food composition tables may be outdated. Samples of milk were collected for 1-year and vitamin D3 concentrations analysed using HPLC. Milk consumption data were obtained from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Years 1-4). A theoretical model applied vitamin D3 fortifications of 1 μg, 1.5 μg and 2 μg/100g to simulate improvements in vitamin D intakes. Mean ± SD vitamin D3 in whole milk was 0.06 ± 0.02 μg/100g. No seasonal differences were apparent. Fortification of cows' milks with 1 μg, 1.5 μg and 2.0 μg/100g, theoretically increased median vitamin D intakes from 2.0 μg/day to 4.2 μg, 5.1 μg and 5.9 μg/day, respectively. Higher vitamin D3 in milk from this study than that currently in food composition tables, suggests further analysis is warranted. This model suggests vitamin D fortification of cows' milk is an effective strategy to help more of the population achieve recently revised RNIs for vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Weir
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mike Johnston
- Dairy Council for Northern Ireland (DCNI), Belfast, UK
| | - Carole Lowis
- Dairy Council for Northern Ireland (DCNI), Belfast, UK
| | - Ann M Fearon
- Food Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, UK
| | - Sharon Stewart
- Food Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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13
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Mandrioli M, Boselli E, Fiori F, Rodriguez-Estrada MT. Vitamin D3 in High-Quality Cow Milk: An Italian Case Study. Foods 2020; 9:E548. [PMID: 32369934 PMCID: PMC7278753 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality-labeling category of high-quality (HQ) milk defined by the Italian legislation must comply with specific requirements concerning rigorous breeder management, hygienic controls, fat and protein content, bacterial load, somatic cells, lactic acid content, and non-denatured soluble serum proteins. However, there is no specification for the vitamin D content of HQ milk. Moreover, the data on the vitamin D content of this milk category are very scarce. In the present study, the content of vitamin D3 was evaluated in HQ raw and pasteurized cow milk obtained from Italian cowsheds and supermarkets. The vitamin D3 content varied from not detected (less than 1 µg L-1) to 17.0 ± 2.0 µg L-1 milk and was not related to the milk fat content. These results represent a case study including a significant although not exhaustive part of the contemporary Italian market of HQ milk. It was shown for the first time that HQ raw milk does not necessarily contain more vitamin D3, even though non-expert consumers likely to buy milk labeled as HQ could expect it. The vitamin D3 content in HQ pasteurized whole milk should be reported on the label of the milk package as a best practice of consumer information policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mandrioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
| | - Emanuele Boselli
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A)—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 33, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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14
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Jashari G, Frühbauerová M, Sýs M, Červenka L. Extractive stripping voltammetry at a glassy carbon paste electrode for analysis of cow's milk and cream. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a procedure based on extractive accumulation of milk fat globules (MFGs) into a pasting liquid (lipophilic binder) of glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) with subsequent electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in 0.1 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 4.0 has been tested to find out whether it can be utilized as a simple screening analytical method for cow's milk and cream nutrition control. Since there is assumption that the necessary alkaline hydrolysis of cow's milk and subsequent extraction of lipophilic vitamins into an organic solvent could be avoided, several GCPEs differing in type (atactic polypropylene, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, silicone oil, and vaseline) and content (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%; w/w) of pasting liquid used were tested as part of complex optimization. The obtained results show that MFGs contain predominantly vitamin A (carotenoids and retinoids), especially all-trans-retinol, which could serve as significant marker of the fat content. However, their individual forms were not possible to distinguish due to the considerable anodic peak broadening (overlapping).
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15
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Gill BD, Abernethy GA, Indyk HE, Wood JE, Woollard DC. Differential Thermal Isomerization: Its Role in the Analysis of Vitamin D3 in Foods. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:563-569. [DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For nutritional purposes, the measurement of vitamin D3 (defined as the sum of vitamin D3 and previtamin D3) is required to obtain an accurate and reliable estimate of its content in foods. An often neglected aspect in the development of methods for the analysis of vitamin D3 is accounting for any potential analytical bias in the results associated with differential thermal isomerization between previtamin D and vitamin D.
Conclusions
For LC-UV methods using a vitamin D2 internal standard, cold saponification, or direct lipid extraction techniques should be avoided, unless chromatographic separation of vitamin D2, vitamin D3, and their previtamin forms is achieved so that UV absorbance corrections can be made. For both LC-UV and LC-MS methods using calciferol internal standards, the simplest solution to avoid analytical bias due to the presence of previtamin D is to utilize heating conditions (typically during saponification) such that previtamin D and vitamin D in the sample and the internal standard reach an equivalent equilibrium state prior to instrumental analysis. Only under such circumstances is the integration of previtamin D unnecessary to obtain accurate results for vitamin D3.
Highlights
A detailed discussion of the quantitation of vitamin D3 in food with concise recommendations for avoiding measurement bias as a consequence of differential thermal isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Grant A Abernethy
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Dairy Farm Rd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harvey E Indyk
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Jackie E Wood
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
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Zhu Z, Guo W. Recent developments on rapid detection of main constituents in milk: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:312-324. [PMID: 32106694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a good source of quality fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Determining milk constituents is very important in dairy production and is usually conducted by means of physical or chemical processes in laboratories. These methods are time-consuming and cannot satisfy the need in practice. Developing simple, quick, cost-effective, reliable, and sensitive methods on the detection of main constituents in milk is useful for dairy farmers, manufacturers and consumers. In last decades, many rapid detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and sensors, have emerged and shown great potential in the detection of main constituents in liquid milk. In this review, the rapid detection techniques applied to determine the main constituents in milk have been reviewed. Meanwhile, the potential advantages and limitations of these techniques and recommendations for future research have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenchuan Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Sazali NH, Alshishani A, Saad B, Chew KY, Chong MM, Miskam M. Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of vitamin D3 in milk samples. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190952. [PMID: 31598260 PMCID: PMC6731698 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) as a simple and efficient extraction technique followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for the determination of vitamin D3 in milk samples. The sample treatment is based on the use of water-miscible acetonitrile as the extractant and acetonitrile phase separation under high-salt conditions. Under the optimum conditions, acetonitrile and ammonium sulfate were used as the extraction solvent and salting-out agent, respectively. The vitamin D3 extract was separated using Hypersil ODS (250x i.d 4.6 mm, 5 µm) HPLC column that was coupled with diode array detector. Vitamin D2 was used as internal standard (IS) to offset any variations in chromatographic conditions. The vitamin D3 and the IS were eluted in 18 min. Good linearity (r 2 > 0.99) was obtained within the range of 25-600 ng g-1 with the limit of detection of 15 ng g-1 and limit of quantification of 25 ng g-1. The validated method was applied for the determination of vitamin D3 in milk samples. The recoveries for spiked samples were from 94.4 to 113.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hidayah Sazali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Bahruddin Saad
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ker Yin Chew
- MYCO2 Laboratory Sdn Bhd, Lengkok Kikik 1, Taman Inderawasih, 13600 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Moi Me Chong
- MYCO2 Laboratory Sdn Bhd, Lengkok Kikik 1, Taman Inderawasih, 13600 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mazidatulakmam Miskam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Fu X, Dolnikowski GG, Patterson WB, Dawson-Hughes B, Zheng T, Morris MC, Holland TM, Booth SL. Determination of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites in Human Brain Using an Ultra-Pressure LC-Tandem Mass Spectra Method. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz074. [PMID: 31334481 PMCID: PMC6635837 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentrations have been associated with cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear if serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations are a valid indicator of the concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites in human brain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method to quantify vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in human brain. METHODS The assay developments were performed using porcine brains. Liquid extraction was used in homogenized samples (∼0.1 g each) prior to analysis by LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization following derivatization with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. This method was then applied to the determination of vitamin D and its metabolites in a whole human brain obtained from the National Development and Research Institutes. RESULTS The method showed good linearity of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 over the physiological range (R 2 = 0.9995, 0.9968, and 0.9970, respectively). The lowest detection limit for vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in porcine brain was 25, 50 and 25 pg/g, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in the prefrontal cortex, middle frontal cortex, middle temporal cortex, cerebellum, corpus callosum, medulla, and pons of a human brain. All analyzed human brain regions contained 25(OH)D3, with corpus callosum containing 334 pg/g compared with 158 pg/g in cerebellum. 1,25(OH)2D3 was only detected in prefrontal and middle frontal cortices at a very low level. No vitamin D3 was detected in any examined areas of this single human brain. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the measurement of concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in human brain. This validated method can be applied to postmortem studies to obtain accurate information about the presence and role of vitamin D and its metabolites in human brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Patterson
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tong Zheng
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha C Morris
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas M Holland
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Mahmoodani F, Perera CO, Abernethy G, Fedrizzi B, Chen H. Lipid oxidation and vitamin D3 degradation in simulated whole milk powder as influenced by processing and storage. Food Chem 2018; 261:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mahmoodani F, Perera CO, Abernethy G, Fedrizzi B, Greenwood D, Chen H. Identification of Vitamin D3 Oxidation Products Using High-Resolution and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1442-1455. [PMID: 29556928 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a successful fortification program, the stability of micronutrients added to the food is one of the most important factors. The added vitamin D3 is known to sometimes decline during storage of fortified milks, and oxidation through fatty acid lipoxidation could be suspected as the likely cause. Identification of vitamin D3 oxidation products (VDOPs) in natural foods is a challenge due to the low amount of their contents and their possible transformation to other compounds during analysis. The main objective of this study was to find a method to extract VDOPs in simulated whole milk powder and to identify these products using LTQ-ion trap, Q-Exactive Orbitrap and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) spectra can help to propose plausible schemes for unknown compounds and their fragmentations. With the growth of combinatorial libraries, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important analytical technique because of its speed of analysis, sensitivity, and accuracy. This study was focused on identifying the fragmentation rules for some VDOPs by incorporating MS data with in silico calculated MS fragmentation pathways. Diels-Alder derivatization was used to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity for the VDOPs' identification. Finally, the confirmed PTAD-derivatized target compounds were separated and analyzed using ESI(+)-UHPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mahmoodani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Program, University of Auckland, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conrad O Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Program, University of Auckland, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Grant Abernethy
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Program, University of Auckland, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Greenwood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hong Chen
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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A Review of the Extraction and Determination Methods of Thirteen Essential Vitamins to the Human Body: An Update from 2010. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061484. [PMID: 29921801 PMCID: PMC6099991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are a class of essential nutrients in the body; thus, they play important roles in human health. The chemicals are involved in many physiological functions and both their lack and excess can put health at risk. Therefore, the establishment of methods for monitoring vitamin concentrations in different matrices is necessary. In this review, an updated overview of the main pretreatments and determination methods that have been used since 2010 is given. Ultrasonic assisted extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction are the most common pretreatment methods, while the determination methods involve chromatography methods, electrophoretic methods, microbiological assays, immunoassays, biosensors and several other methods. Different pretreatments and determination methods are discussed.
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22
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The determination of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in early lactation and seasonal bovine milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mahmoodani F, Perera CO, Fedrizzi B, Abernethy G, Chen H. Degradation studies of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) using HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-MS/MS and chemical derivatization. Food Chem 2016; 219:373-381. [PMID: 27765240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In any food fortification program, the stability of added micronutrients is an important factor. Cholecalciferol or vitamin D3 is known to isomerise under various conditions, thereby making its analysis challenging. In the current study, the effects of different parameters, such as temperature, iodine, acidic conditions, and oxidation, on the isomerisation of vitamin D3 were studied using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS. Vitamin D3 thermally and reversibly transforms to pre-vitamin D3 type isomers. In the presence of iodine, cis/trans isomerisation of both cholecalciferol and pre-vitamin D3 takes place to form trans-vitamin D3 and tachysterol, respectively. Another isomer, isotachysterol, was formed under acidic conditions. The different rates of reaction of these products with a dienophile through the Diels-Alder reaction confirmed the formation of vitamin D3 isomerisation products. The derivatization enhanced the ionisation efficiency of vitamin D3 and its isomers in UHPLC-MS/MS and improved the separation and fragmentation enabling sensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mahmoodani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Programme, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conrad O Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Programme, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Food Science Programme, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Grant Abernethy
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hong Chen
- Fonterra Cooperative Group Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Jiao Z, Jiao S, Guo Z, Chen H, Zhang N, Huang W. Determination of Trace Vitamin D in Milk Samples by Graphene-Based Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Method Coupled with HPLC. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jiao Z, Zhang Y, Fan H. Ultrasonic-microwave method in preparation of polypyrrole-coated magnetic particles for vitamin D extraction in milk. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1457:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Recent trends in the analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites in milk – A review. Food Chem 2015; 171:177-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nimalaratne C, Sun C, Wu J, Curtis JM, Schieber A. Quantification of selected fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids in infant formula and dietary supplements using fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rapid determination of vitamin D3 in milk-based infant formulas by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2014; 165:569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The occurrence of vitamin D deficiency has become an issue of serious concern in the worldwide population. As a result numerous analytical methods have been developed, for a variety of matrices, during the last few years to measure vitamin D analogs and metabolites. This review employs a comprehensive search of all vitamin D methods developed during the last 5 years for all applications, using ISI Web of Science(®), Scifinder(®), Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed. Particular emphasis is given to sample-preparation methods and the different forms of vitamin D measured across different fields of applications such as biological fluids, food and pharmaceutical preparations. This review compares and critically evaluates a wide range of approaches and methods, and hence it will enable readers to access developments across a number of applications and to select or develop the optimal analytical method for vitamin D for their particular application.
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Abro K, Memon N, Bhanger MI, Abro S, Perveen S, Lagharì AH. Determination of Vitamins E, D3, and K1 in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Utilizing a Monolithic Column. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.831424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of vitamins D and K in foods by liquid chromatography with diode-array and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry detection. Talanta 2013; 115:806-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Humans derive most vitamin D from the action of sunlight in their skin. However, in view of the current Western lifestyle with most daily activities taking place indoors, sun exposure is often not sufficient for adequate vitamin D production. For this reason, dietary intake is also of great importance. Animal foodstuffs (e.g., fish, meat, offal, egg, dairy) are the main sources for naturally occurring cholecalciferol (vitamin D-3). This paper therefore aims to provide an up-to-date overview of vitamin D-3 content in various animal foods. The focus lies on the natural vitamin D-3 content because there are many countries in which foods are not regularly fortified with vitamin D. The published data show that the highest values of vitamin D are found in fish and especially in fish liver, but offal also provides considerable amounts of vitamin D. The content in muscle meat is generally much lower. Vitamin D concentrations in egg yolks range between the values for meat and offal. If milk and dairy products are not fortified, they are normally low in vitamin D, with the exception of butter because of its high fat content. However, as recommendations for vitamin D intake have recently been increased considerably, it is difficult to cover the requirements solely by foodstuffs.
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Plozza T, Craige Trenerry V, Caridi D. The simultaneous determination of vitamins A, E and β-carotene in bovine milk by high performance liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC–MSn). Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Use of Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Network in Optimization of Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide in Food Compared with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Abernethy GA. A rapid analytical method for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in fortified infant formula, milk and milk powder using Diels–Alder derivatisation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1433-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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