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Role of Chitin and Chitosan in Ruminant Diets and Their Impact on Digestibility, Microbiota and Performance of Ruminants. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The slow progress in the development of the subsector, particularly of alternative feed sources such as agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional feed resources, has deepened the gap in the availability of and accessibility to animal feed. Production of animal feed is highly resource demanding. Recently, it has been shown that increasing climate change, land degradation, and the recurrence of droughts have worsened the feed gap. In the backdrop of these challenges, there has been attention to food-not-feed components, which have great potential to substitute human-edible components in livestock feeding. Chitosan, a non-toxic polyglucosamine, is widely distributed in nature and used as a feed additive. Chitosan is obtained from the de-acetylation process of the chitin and is mostly present in shrimp, crabs, and insect exoskeletons, and has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antitumor, and immune-stimulatory hypo-cholesterolemic properties. This review article discusses the results of recent studies focusing on the effects of chitosan and chitin on the performance of dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, and goats. In addition, the effects of chitosan and chitin on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbiota are also discussed. Available evidence suggests that chitosan and chitin used as a feed additive for ruminants including dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, goats, and yaks have useful biological effects, including immune-modulatory, antimicrobial, and other important properties. These properties of chitosan and chitin are different from the other feed additives and have a positive impact on production performance, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and bacterial population in dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, goats, and yaks. There is promising evidence that chitosan and chitin can be used as additives in livestock feed and that well-designed feeding interventions focusing on these compounds in ruminants are highly encouraged.
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Pellis A, Guebitz GM, Nyanhongo GS. Chitosan: Sources, Processing and Modification Techniques. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070393. [PMID: 35877478 PMCID: PMC9322947 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine, is derived from chitin. Chitin is found in cell walls of crustaceans, fungi, insects and in some algae, microorganisms, and some invertebrate animals. Chitosan is emerging as a very important raw material for the synthesis of a wide range of products used for food, medical, pharmaceutical, health care, agriculture, industry, and environmental pollution protection. This review, in line with the focus of this special issue, provides the reader with (1) an overview on different sources of chitin, (2) advances in techniques used to extract chitin and converting it into chitosan, (3) the importance of the inherent characteristics of the chitosan from different sources that makes them suitable for specific applications and, finally, (4) briefly summarizes ways of tailoring chitosan for specific applications. The review also presents the influence of the degree of acetylation (DA) and degree of deacetylation (DDA), molecular weight (Mw) on the physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan, acid-base behavior, biodegradability, solubility, reactivity, among many other properties that determine processability and suitability for specific applications. This is intended to help guide researchers select the right chitosan raw material for their specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pellis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Ressources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gibson Stephen Nyanhongo
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Ressources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Shebis Y, Vanegas A, Tish N, Fallik E, Rodov V, Poverenov E. Facile method for preparation of oligo-carboxymethyl cellulose and other oligosaccharides: Physicochemical properties and bioactivity. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jacaúna AG, de Goes RHDTEB, Seno LDO, Ítavo LCV, Gandra JR, da Silva NG, Anschau DG, de Oliveira RT, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Degradability, in vitro fermentation parameters, and kinetic degradation of diets with increasing levels of forage and chitosan. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab086. [PMID: 34790891 PMCID: PMC8592044 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is the second most important natural biopolymer in the world, extracted from crustaceans, shrimps, and crabs and can modulate rumen fermentation. Our hypothesis is that the addition of chitosan alters the fermentation patterns of different diets for ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of chitosan and forage on in vitro dry degradation kinetics and fermentation in a gas production system. The chitosan levels (0, 1625, 3,500, or 7,500 mg/kg of dry matter [DM]) were arranged in a completely randomized block design, and for in vitro ruminal fermentation assay, we used a split splot arrangement. Into the incubator, all chitosan levels were distributed in the four jars, and the forage levels varying on 100, 65, 50, 35, and 20 on DM basis. There was an interaction effect for chitosan and forage levels (P ≤ 0.05) on IVDMD; IVOMD. IVDCP and IVDNDF. Chitosan negatively affected IVDMD in all roughage levels evaluated. The pH and ammonia concentration present effect only for roughage levels and incubation hours. The chitosan did not change (P = 0.3631) the total short-chain fatty acid concentration (overall mean = 21.19 mmol/L) and the C2:C3 ratio (overall mean = 5.85). The IVDCP showed the same decreasing quadratic behavior (P < 0.0001). The increasing chitosan addition increases (P < 0.0001) the gas production and decreases (P < 0.0001) the lag time (parameter C) of diets with greater concentrate participation, characterizing greater efficiency in the degradability of the diet, confirming its potential use in diets for ruminants. Chitosan changes in vitro dry degradation kinetics and fermentation at the minimum dose of 1,722 mg/kg DM for all diets. The roughage level influenced the in vitro nutrients degradability and cumulative gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanna Gonzaga Jacaúna
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, POBox 364. 79804-970, Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Oliveira Seno
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, POBox 364. 79804-970, Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Felinto Muller, 2443, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará, 68555-016. Marabá, Para, Brazil
| | - Nayara Gonçalves da Silva
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, POBox 364. 79804-970, Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Gabriel Anschau
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, POBox 364. 79804-970, Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Tenório de Oliveira
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahum, km 12, POBox 364. 79804-970, Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Center for Rural Health and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, Jatobá, 58708110, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, 40170110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Zhou J, Wen B, Xie H, Zhang C, Bai Y, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Advances in the preparation and assessment of the biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides with different structural characteristics. Food Funct 2021; 12:926-951. [PMID: 33434251 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are widely used biopolymers that have been studied in relation to a variety of abnormal biological activities in the food and biomedical fields. Since different COS preparation technologies produce COS compounds with different structural characteristics, it has not yet been possible to determine whether one or more chito-oligomers are primarily responsible for the bioactivity of COSs. The inherent biocompatibility, mucosal adhesion and nontoxic nature of COSs are well documented, as is the fact that they are readily absorbed from the intestinal tract, but their structure-activity relationship requires further investigation. This review summarizes the methods used for COS preparation, and the research findings with regard to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, bacteriostatic and antitumour activity of COSs with different structural characteristics. The correlation between the molecular structure and bioactivities of COSs is described, and new insights into their structure-activity relationship are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Bingjian Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Hongyi Xie
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China. and Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510310), China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan (528458), China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou (510663), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
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Tabassum N, Ahmed S, Ali MA. Chitooligosaccharides and their structural-functional effect on hydrogels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hosseini‐Ashtiani N, Tadjarodi A. Design and Characterization of Ticagrelor‐Loaded Chitosan Biopolymer to Improve Chemical and Biological Properties of the Drug. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hosseini‐Ashtiani
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis Chemistry Department Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis Chemistry Department Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran
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Hosseini-Ashtiani N, Tadjarodi A, Zare-Dorabei R. Low molecular weight chitosan-cyanocobalamin nanoparticles for controlled delivery of ciprofloxacin: Preparation and evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:459-467. [PMID: 33607143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to project a safe nano-drug carrier composed of chitosan and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) to improve oral delivery of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). CIP is classified in class IV of the biopharmaceutical classification system with low solubility and permeabilityA, so it has some problems if given orally. Novel conjugate of low molecular weight chitosan, as a natural biopolymer, and CNCbl was synthesized, and then drug loading and in-vitro drug release were assessed. The loading of CIP was optimized by the Design-Expert software and the central composite design method, and that the optimal drug loading efficiency (57%) was obtained via analysis of variance (ANOVA). In-vitro drug release studies showed controlled release patterns in two various conditions, namely phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4) and 0.1 N HCl. Functionalized nano-drug-loaded carrier showed cytotoxicity as much as that of free drug, particle size less than 100 nm as well as positive zeta potential. Due to the beneficial properties of the chitosan-based drug carrier and the suitable features of the CIP-loaded carrier, this chitosan-based nano-drug delivery system can be regarded as an ideal candidate for oral delivery of the CIP as a drug model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Hosseini-Ashtiani
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Tadjarodi
- Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Rouholah Zare-Dorabei
- Research Laboratory of Spectrometry & Micro and Nano Extraction, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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Partial purification and characterization of Aspergillus niger inulinase produced from sugar-beet molasses in the shaking incubator and stirred-tank bioreactors. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3789-3799. [PMID: 32910957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to purify Aspergillus niger inulinase produced from sugar-beet molasses in the shaking incubator (100 mL) and stirred-tank bioreactors (5-L and 30-L) by using some downstream processes and to determine enzyme kinetics and characterization. The results showed that the best centrifuge-time combination was 16,873 ×g-5 min with the purification coefficient of 1.4. Besides, with the ultrafiltration process, the inulinase activities yielded using the shaking incubator, pH-controlled/uncontrolled small-scale bioreactors, and large-scale bioreactor were increased from 1101.3, 2079.2, 1561.3, and 787.5 U/mL to 12,065.2, 21,789.0, 11,296.9, and 2948.1 U/mL with purification coefficients of 5.33, 1.38, 1.46, and 1.67, respectively. Additionally, for the inulinase from shaking incubator and pH-uncontrolled bioreactor, the values of Km for inulin and sucrose were 17.8 and 49.4 mg/mL and 28.8 and 25.9 mg/mL, respectively. As the enzyme amount added to the substrate increased, the activity also increased. Mn2+ is the activator of the enzyme, and Cu2+ and Ag+ are inhibitors of the enzyme. The molecular weight of inulinase has been determined to be between 60 and 70 kDa. Consequently, this study ensures valuable and significant information about the purification and characterization of inulinase for industrial implementations.
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Hamdi M, Nasri R, Amor IB, Li S, Gargouri J, Nasri M. Structural features, anti-coagulant and anti-adhesive potentials of blue crab (Portunus segnis) chitosan derivatives: Study of the effects of acetylation degree and molecular weight. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:593-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Beer B, Bartolome MJ, Berndorfer L, Bochmann G, Guebitz GM, Nyanhongo GS. Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis and synthesis of lignin cross-linked chitosan functional hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1440-1446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Biochemical Degradation of Chitosan over Immobilized Cellulase and Supported Fenton Catalysts. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the application of Fe-MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter No.48) and cellulase-MCM-48 catalysts for the depolymerization of chitosan. The results show that H2O2 is a good oxidant for the depolymerization of chitosan in the presence of Fe-MCM-48. The average polymerization degree of the product decreased to 6.1, and decreased to 29.2 when cellulase-MCM-48 was used as a catalyst, because the effect of the enzyme was affected by the molecular structure of chitosan. When both materials were used for depolymerization, the average degree of polymerization sharply decreased to 3.8. The results show that the two degradation methods can promote each other to obtain oligosaccharides with a lower degree of polymerization. This provides a new method for the controllable degradation of chitosan and lays a good foundation for the industrial production of chitosan oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization.
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Singh A, Benjakul S, Prodpran T. Chitooligosaccharides from squid pen prepared using different enzymes: characteristics and the effect on quality of surimi gel during refrigerated storage. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-019-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) from squid pen produced using amylase, lipase and pepsin were characterized. COS produced by 8% (w/w) lipase (COS-L) showed the maximum FRAP and ABTS radical scavenging activity than those prepared using other two enzymes. COS-L had the average molecular weight (MW) of 79 kDa, intrinsic viscosity of 0.41 dL/g and water solubility of 49%. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP and ORAC of COS-L were 5.68, 322.68, 5.66 and 42.20 μmol TE/g sample, respectively. Metal chelating activity was 2.58 μmol EE/g sample. For antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of COS-L against the targeted bacteria were in the range of 0.31–4.91 mg/mL and 0.62–4.91 mg/mL, respectively. Sardine surimi gel added with 1% (w/w) COS-L showed the lower PV, TBARS and microbial growth during 10 days of storage at 4 °C. COS-L from squid pen could inhibit lipid oxidation and extend the shelf-life of refrigerated sardine surimi gel.
Graphical abstract
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Zhang B. Dietary chitosan oligosaccharides modulate the growth, intestine digestive enzymes, body composition and nonspecific immunity of loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:359-363. [PMID: 30851451 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three test diets containing three different levels (1, 3, and 5 g kg-1) of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COs) were formulated and used to test the growth performance, body composition, intestine digestive enzymes, antioxidant responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. A basal diet without any COs served as the control. After 60 days of feeding, the growth performance, intestine digestive-enzyme activities, body protein content and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant responses, and resistance to A. hydrophila of loach P. dabryanus were higher than those of the control when the loach P. dabryanus was fed with CO-containing diets. The optimum dose of dietary COs required for the maximum growth of loach was 3 g kg-1 of the diet. Results indicated that dietary COs can improve the growth performance, body composition, intestine digestive enzymes, antioxidant responses, and resistance to A. hydrophila of loach P. dabryanus and can thus be used as a diet supplement for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi, Dalian, 116024, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China.
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Kapadnis G, Dey A, Dandekar P, Jain R. Effect of degree of deacetylation on solubility of low‐molecular‐weight chitosan produced via enzymatic breakdown of chitosan. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kapadnis
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Anomitra Dey
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
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Mao H, Wei C, Gong Y, Wang S, Ding W. Mechanical and Water-Resistant Properties of Eco-Friendly Chitosan Membrane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E166. [PMID: 30960152 PMCID: PMC6401938 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally benign and biodegradable chitosan (CS) membranes have disadvantages such as low mechanical strength, high brittleness, poor heat resistance and poor water resistance, which limit their applications. In this paper, home-made cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added to CS to prepare CNC/CS composite membranes through mechanical mixing and solution casting approaches. The effects of CNC dispersion patterns and CNC contents on the properties of composite membranes were studied. The analysis of the surface and cross-section morphology of the membranes showed that the dispersion performance of the composite membrane was better in the case that CNC was dissolved in an acetic acid solution and then mixed with chitosan by a homogenizer (Method 2). CNC had a great length-diameter ratio and CNC intensely interacted with CS. The mechanical properties of the composite membrane prepared with Method 2 were better. With a CNC content of 3%, the tensile strength of the composite membrane reached 43.0 MPa, 13.2% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. The elongation at break was 41.6%, 56.4% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. Thermogravimetric, contact angle and swelling analysis results showed that the addition of CNC could improve the heat and water resistance of the chitosan membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Chun Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yongyang Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wenwen Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Influence of Preparation Methods of Chitooligosaccharides on Their Physicochemical Properties and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Mice and in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110430. [PMID: 30400250 PMCID: PMC6265923 DOI: 10.3390/md16110430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods to obtain chitooligosaccharides are tightly related to the physicochemical properties of the end products. Knowledge of these physicochemical characteristics is crucial to describing the biological functions of chitooligosaccharides. Chitooligosaccharides were prepared either in a single-step enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanase, or in a two-step chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed products obtained in the single-step preparation were composed mainly of 42% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 54% monoacetylated oligomers, and they attenuated the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice and in RAW264.7 macrophages. However, chitooligosaccharides from the two-step preparation were composed of 50% fully deacetylated oligomers plus 27% monoacetylated oligomers and, conversely, they promoted the inflammatory response in both in vivo and in vitro models. Similar proportions of monoacetylated and deacetylated oligomers is necessary for the mixtures of chitooligosaccharides to achieve anti-inflammatory effects, and it directly depends on the preparation method to which chitosan was submitted.
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Poshina DN, Raik SV, Poshin AN, Skorik YA. Accessibility of chitin and chitosan in enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Qian L, Chen L. Immune protective effects of chitooligosaccharides on mice genital tract infected by Chlamydia trachomatis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12815. [PMID: 29345808 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The immune protective effects of chitooligosaccharides (COs) on mouse genital tract infected by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) were unknown. METHODS The minimum effective/infective dose was obtained by establishing the murine model of the genital tract infected by Ct. The model mice were treated with different doses (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/kg,) of COs and 0.9% saline, and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and interleukin (IL)-11 levels were then assayed. The healthy mice were used as the control. After 1 week of immunity, a double-effective/infective dose of Ct was used to attack the genital tract. After 10 days of experiment, the mice were killed, their spleen and thymus indexes were determined, and the pathological changes in their genital tract were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with COs increased the serum IgG antibody, IL-11 levels, and spleen and thymus indexes but decreased the positive infection rate and inclusion body formation with Ct. CONCLUSION COs could induce immune protection on the Ct-infected mouse genital tract and might be used as an alternative drug for the treatment of genital tract infected with Ct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- College of medical technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of medical technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gohi BFCA, Zeng HY, Pan AD, Han J, Yuan J. pH Dependence of Chitosan Enzymolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E174. [PMID: 30970852 PMCID: PMC6432485 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means of making chitosan more useful in biotechnological applications, it was hydrolyzed using pepsin, chitosanase and α-amylase. The enzymolysis behavior of these enzymes was further systematically studied for its effectiveness in the production of low-molecular-weight chitosans (LMWCs) and other derivatives. The study showed that these enzymes depend on ion hydronium (H3O+), thus on pH with a pH dependence fitting R2 value of 0.99. In y = 1.484[H^+] + 0.114, the equation of pH dependence, when [H^+] increases by one, y (k_0/k_m) increases by 1.484. From the temperature dependence study, the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were almost identical for two of the enzymes, but a considerable difference was observed in comparison with the third enzyme. Chitosanase and pepsin had nearly identical Ea, but α-amylase was significantly lower. This serves as evidence that the hydrolysis reaction of α-amylase relies on low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs), which explains its low Ea in actual conditions. The confirmation of this phenomenon was further derived from a similarly considerable difference in the order magnitudes of A between α-amylase and the other two enzymes, which was more than five. Variation of the rate constants of the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with temperature follows the Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Foua Claude Alain Gohi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - A Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Yuan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
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Olicón-Hernández DR, Vázquez-Landaverde PA, Cruz-Camarillo R, Rojas-Avelizapa LI. Comparison of chito-oligosaccharide production from three different colloidal chitosans using the endochitonsanolytic system of Bacillus thuringiensis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:116-122. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1181086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramón Cruz-Camarillo
- Department of Microbiology, ENCB-IPN, Col Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México
| | - Luz Irene Rojas-Avelizapa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Municipio de Amatlán de Los Reyes, México
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Gohi BFCA, Zeng HY, Pan AD. Optimization and Characterization of Chitosan Enzymolysis by Pepsin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2016; 3:bioengineering3030017. [PMID: 28952579 PMCID: PMC5597186 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepsin was used to effectively degrade chitosan in order to make it more useful in biotechnological applications. The optimal conditions of enzymolysis were investigated on the basis of the response surface methodology (RSM). The structure of the degraded product was characterized by degree of depolymerization (DD), viscosity, molecular weight, FTIR, UV-VIS, SEM and polydispersity index analyses. The mechanism of chitosan degradation was correlated with cleavage of the glycosidic bond, whereby the chain of chitosan macromolecules was broken into smaller units, resulting in decreasing viscosity. The enzymolysis by pepsin was therefore a potentially applicable technique for the production of low molecular chitosan. Additionally, the substrate degradation kinetics of chitosan were also studied over a range of initial chitosan concentrations (3.0~18.0 g/L) in order to study the characteristics of chitosan degradation. The dependence of the rate of chitosan degradation on the concentration of the chitosan can be described by Haldane’s model. In this model, the initial chitosan concentration above which the pepsin undergoes inhibition is inferred theoretically to be about 10.5 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Foua Claude Alain Gohi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - A Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
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23
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Wu S. Preparation of Water-Soluble Chitosan and its Suppressive Effect on the Denaturation of Scallop Adductor Muscle Myofibrillar Protein During Frozen Storage. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2015.1077299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wu
- Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Xinpu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P. R. China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, P. R. China
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Study of Enzymatically Treated Alginate/Chitosan Hydrosols in Sponges Formation Process. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8010008. [PMID: 30979105 PMCID: PMC6432604 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to produce 3D sponges based on enzymatically modified lysozyme selected polysaccharides and assess their physicochemical properties. The alginate/chitosan sponges were formed from polymers hydrosols in different proportions at a final concentration of 1% polysaccharides. Hydrosols were modified by lysozyme addition of 1000 U. Hydrosols without or with enzyme were analyzed for their reducing sugar content, rheological properties and ability to scavenge free radicals. Sponges formed from hydrosols were tested for solubility and compressive properties. Only chitosan was hydrolyzed by lysozyme. The morphology of sponges was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was proven that the antioxidant properties of hydrosols are dependent on the concentration of chitosan. It was also shown that the addition of lysozyme negatively affected the free radical scavenging ability of single hydrosols of alginate and chitosan, and their mixtures. The Ostwald de Waele as well as Herschel⁻Bulkley models of rheological properties fitted the experimental data well (R² is between 0.947 and 1.000). Increase in textural features values of sponges was observed. Sponges with pure alginate and pure chitosan were almost completely soluble. The enzyme addition significantly changed the characteristics of the cross-section structure of sponges, and made the surface smoother.
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Xu L, Ji X, Zhao N, Song C, Wang F, Liu C. The conjugation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) to O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (O-HTCC) enhances its therapeutic potential against radiation-induced oxidative damage. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymer–enzyme conjugate, O-HTCC–SOD, was prepared to improve the therapeutic potential of SOD in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Xiaohu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Chunxia Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
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Kaiser M, Kirsch B, Hauser H, Schneider D, Seuß-Baum I, Goycoolea FM. In Vitro and Sensory Evaluation of Capsaicin-Loaded Nanoformulations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141017. [PMID: 26492045 PMCID: PMC4619637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin has known health beneficial and therapeutic properties. It is also able to enhance the permeability of drugs across epithelial tissues. Unfortunately, due to its pungency the oral administration of capsaicin is limited. To this end, we assessed the effect of nanoencapsulation of capsaicin, under the hypothesis that this would reduce its pungency. Core-shell nanocapsules with an oily core and stabilized with phospholipids were used. This system was used with or without chitosan coating. In this work, we investigated the in vitro release behavior of capsaicin-loaded formulations in different physiological media (including simulated saliva fluid). We also evaluated the influence of encapsulation of capsaicin on the cell viability of buccal cells (TR146). To study the changes in pungency after encapsulation we carried out a sensory analysis with a trained panel of 24 students. The in vitro release study showed that the systems discharged capsaicin slowly in a monotonic manner and that the chitosan coating had an effect on the release profile. The cytotoxic response of TR146 cells to capsaicin at a concentration of 500 μM, which was evident for the free compound, was reduced following its encapsulation. The sensory study revealed that a chitosan coating results in a lower threshold of perception of the formulation. The nanoencapsulation of capsaicin resulted in attenuation of the sensation of pungency significantly. However, the presence of a chitosan shell around the nanoformulations did not mask the pungency, when compared with uncoated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kaiser
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirsch
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Hesse, Germany
| | - Hannah Hauser
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Hesse, Germany
| | - Désirée Schneider
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Hesse, Germany
| | - Ingrid Seuß-Baum
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Fulda, Hesse, Germany
| | - Francisco M. Goycoolea
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Chen T, Zhang W, Zhang J. Alkali resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) copolyesters: The role of composition. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pan AD, Zeng HY, Foua GB, Alain C, Li YQ. Enzymolysis of chitosan by papain and its kinetics. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 135:199-206. [PMID: 26453869 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) was obtained by the enzymolysis of chitosan by papain. Enzymolysis conditions (initial chitosan concentration, temperature, pH and ratio of papain to chitosan) were optimized by conducting experiments at three different levels using the response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain high soluble reducing sugars (SRSs) concentrations. Meanwhile, the influence of chitosan substrate concentration on the activity of papain was assessed in the experiments. The enzymolysis process was analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the experiment data were found to be more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the kinetic behavior of the enzymolysis was also investigated by using Haldane model, and chitosan exhibited substrate inhibition. It was clear that the Haldane kinetic model adequately described the dynamic behavior of the chitosan enzymolysis by papain. When the initial chitosan concentration was above 8.0g/L, the papain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Er-huan Road, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Er-huan Road, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Gohi Bi Foua
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Er-huan Road, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Claude Alain
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Er-huan Road, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Li
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Er-huan Road, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, PR China
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Stimulation effect of chitosan on the immunity of radiotherapy patients suffered from lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:195-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Chen Y, Wu S, Pan S. Effect of water-soluble chitosan in combination with glutathione on the quality of pen shell adductor muscles. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:1250-3. [PMID: 25450547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the water-soluble chitosan (WSC) in combination with glutathione on preservation of pen shell adductor muscles (PSAM) during frozen storage were investigated. The PSAM samples were soaked in the solution containing 0.1% WSC in combination with 0.1% glutathione (treatment group) or in water (control group), and then they were stored under frozen conditions for 10 months, during which the samples were taken periodically and their total viable count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, and overall acceptability score were evaluated. Compared with the control group, treatment of WSC in combination with glutathione resulted in slower bacterial growth, lower pH increasing, lower total volatile basic nitrogen, and higher overall acceptability score of PSAM during frozen storage. The results show that treatment with WSC in combination with glutathione could prolong the shelf life of PSAM for up to 10 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Saikun Pan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Dong H, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Xia Q, Qiu Y. Key Technologies of Enzymatic Preparation for DP 6-8 Chitooligosaccharides. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yaosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jiachun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Quanming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yongjun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
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Pan S, Wu S. Effect of chitooligosaccharides on the denaturation of weever myofibrillar protein during frozen storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:549-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Wu S. Effect of chitosan-based edible coating on preservation of white shrimp during partially frozen storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:325-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Ruiz Matute AI, Cardelle-Cobas A, García-Bermejo AB, Montilla A, Olano A, Corzo N. Synthesis, characterization and functional properties of galactosylated derivatives of chitosan through amide formation. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Mei YX, Chen HX, Zhang J, Zhang XD, Liang YX. Protective effect of chitooligosaccharides against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:330-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Hypolipidemic activity of the chitooligosaccharides from Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera), an edible insect. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:96-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Preparation of water soluble chitosan by hydrolysis using hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:242-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Wu S, Chen J. Using pullulan-based edible coatings to extend shelf-life of fresh-cut ‘Fuji’ apples. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:254-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Wu S. Preparation of chitooligosaccharides from Clanis bilineata larvae skin and their antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1147-50. [PMID: 22981818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clanis bilineata larvae are widely consumed in China. In this study, chitooligosaccharides were prepared from C. bilineata larvae skin by demineralisation, deproteination, washing, drying, deacetylation, hydrolysis using commercial α-amylase, filtration, setting the preparation at approximately 15% (w/v), precipitation with 6 volumes of ethanol, and drying at 60°C for 2 h. The optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined as follows: pH 5.5; temperature, 55°C; enzyme amount, 40 mg/(g chitosan); reaction time, 4 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerisation in the range of 2-8 were the main component of the resulting product, with the chitooligosaccharide content and yield being 95.8% and 96.2% (w/w), respectively. The resulting product showed high antibacterial activity compared with the original chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China.
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41
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Dooley TP, Ellis AL, Belousova M, Petersen D, DeCarlo AA. Dense chitosan surgical membranes produced by a coincident compression-dehydration process. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:621-43. [PMID: 23565872 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.701549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
High density chitosan membranes were produced via a novel manufacturing process and used as implantable resorbable surgical membranes. The innovative method utilizes the following three sequential steps: (1) casting an acidic chitosan solution within a silicon mold, followed by freezing; (2) neutralizing the frozen acidic chitosan solution in alkaline solution to facilitate polymerization; and (3) applying coincident compression-dehydration under a vacuum. Resulting membranes of 0.2-0.5 mm thickness have densities as high as 1.6 g/cm(3). Inclusion of glycerol prior to the compression-dehydration step provides additional physical and clinical handling benefits. The biomaterials exhibit tensile strength with a maximum load as high as 10.9 N at ~2.5 mm width and clinically relevant resistance to suture pull-out with a maximum load as high as 2.2 N. These physical properties were superior to those of a commercial reconstituted collagen membrane. The dense chitosan membranes have excellent clinical handling characteristics, such as pliability and 'memory' when wet. They are semipermeable to small molecules, biodegradable in vitro in lysozyme solution, and the rates of degradation are inversely correlated to the degree of deacetylation. Furthermore, the dense chitosan membranes are biocompatible and resorbable in vivo as demonstrated in a rat oral wound healing model. The unique combination of physical, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical handling properties demonstrate the high utility of dense chitosan membranes produced by this new method. The materials may be useful as surgical barrier membranes, scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, and as delivery devices for active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Dooley
- Agenta Biotechnologies Inc, 1500 1st Avenue North, Unit 31, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA.
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Pan SK, Wu SJ, Kim JM. Preparation of glucosamine by hydrolysis of chitosan with commercial α-amylase and glucoamylase. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:931-4. [PMID: 22042658 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to overcome the defects of chemical hydrolysis approach to prepare glucosamine, an enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed. METHODS Glucosamine was prepared by hydrolyzing chitosan, employing α-amylase initially, and subsequently, glucoamylase. RESULTS The optimal hydrolyzing conditions were as follows: reaction time, 4 h; pH, 5.0; temperature, 50 °C; and, α-amylase, 80 U/g for the initial reaction. Subsequently, glucoamylase was added in the presence of α-amylase. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: reaction time, 8 h; pH, 4.5; temperature, 55 °C; and, glucoamylase, 4000 U/g. The hydrolysates were subject to filtrating, concentrating to about 20% (w/w), precipitating with five volumes of ethanol, and drying at 60 °C for 2 h. The content and the yield of glucosamine in the dried precipitate were 91.3% (w/w) and 86.2% (w/w), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method developed in this study is a promising option in the preparation of glucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-kun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Immobilization of a protease on modified chitosan beads for the depolymerization of chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Curulli A, Di Carlo G, Ingo GM, Riccucci C, Zane D, Bianchini C. Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Au Electrodes for the Determination of Polyphenol Index in Wines: a Preliminary Study. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pan S, Wu S. Preparation of water-soluble chitosan by hydrolysis with commercial glucoamylase containing chitosanase activity. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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