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Fahmy NM, El-Din MIG, Salem MM, Rashedy SH, Lee GS, Jang YS, Kim KH, Kim CS, El-Shazly M, Fayez S. Enhanced Expression of p53 and Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR by Three Red Sea Algal Extracts: Insights on Their Composition by LC-MS-Based Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Networking. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:404. [PMID: 37504935 PMCID: PMC10381385 DOI: 10.3390/md21070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown algae comprise up to 2000 species with wide dissemination in temperate zones. A comprehensive untargeted metabolic profiling guided by molecular networking of three uninvestigated Red-Sea-derived brown algae, namely Sirophysalis trinodis, Polycladia myrica, and Turbinaria triquetra, led to the identification of over 115 metabolites categorized as glycerolipids, fatty acids, sterol lipids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids. The three algae exhibited low-to-moderate antioxidant capacity using DPPH and ABTS assays. Preliminary in vitro antiproliferative studies showed that the algal extracts displayed high cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. The most potent activity was recorded against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 51.37 ± 1.19, 63.44 ± 1.13, and 59.70 ± 1.22 µg/mL for S. trinodis, P. myrica, and T. triquetra, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the algae was selective to MCF-7 without showing notable effects on the proliferation of normal human WISH cells. Morphological studies revealed that the algae caused cell shrinkage, increased cellular debris, triggered detachment, cell rounding, and cytoplasmic condensation in MCF-7 cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations using flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blot showed that the algae induced apoptosis, initiated cell cycle arrest in the sub-G0/G1 phase, and inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via increasing mRNA and protein expression of p53, while reducing the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mariam I Gamal El-Din
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salem
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sarah H Rashedy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | - Gyu Sung Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seo Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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2
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Chico Retrato MD, Qiu S, Lundquist A, Muratovic AZ, Rad FM, Ubhayasekera SJKA, Bergquist J. Simultaneous determination of 22 fatty acids in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2480-2489. [PMID: 37183597 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products for quality assurance and quality control is crucial due to the chemical complexity of its components. With the advent of exploring different approaches for analysing TPN components using tandem mass spectrometry techniques, there is still a need for a robust and reproducible method for industrial routine analyses. This study allows simple, simultaneous determination of 22 fatty acids (FAs) commonly found in TPN components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five different transesterification techniques were applied for the FA standards and the sodium methoxide in methanol-dimethyl carbonate method was selected due to its good methylation efficiency. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were separated in gas chromatography using an HP-5MS UI column with helium as the carrier gas. Mass spectrometry was used to fragment and quantify FAMEs using electron ionization (EI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The analytical method was evaluated using the guidelines from the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in compliance with the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) document Q2(R2). Correlation coefficients (R2) of the calibration curves for FAMEs were 0.99, except for C24:1 n-9 and C24:0, both R2 = 0.98. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 1.69 μg mL-1 and 5.14 μg mL-1, respectively. The linear range was from 3.10-179.9 μg mL-1 for most FAMEs, except for C18:1 n-7 (3.96-224.9 μg mL-1) and C18:1 n-9 (6.30-349.57 μg mL-1). The intra-day and inter-day precision coefficients of variance (CV) of the method were less than 11.10% and 11.30%, respectively. Freeze-thaw cycles and ambient temperature measurements were performed for assessing sample stability. The validated method was applied to analyse major TPN components-fish and olive oils, and an unidentified lipid sample. The presented GC-MS method is simple and robust in the identification and quantification of 22 fatty acids simultaneously in the tested TPN components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dennis Chico Retrato
- Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Innovation and Development Department, Fresenius-Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Lundquist
- Innovation and Development Department, Fresenius-Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Farshid Mashayekhy Rad
- Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - S J Kumari A Ubhayasekera
- Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chen B, Lin J, Xu A, Yu D, Phurbu D, Dai H, Li Y, Liu H. Glyceroglycolipids from the solid culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis strain LY34 isolated from Tibet of China. Mycology 2022; 13:185-194. [PMID: 35938083 PMCID: PMC9354630 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2036841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a well-known entomogenous fungus with its fruiting bodies or cultural mycelium as food and herbal medicines in Asia. While metabolites which could responsible for its potent pharmaceutical effects has long remained to be elucidated. In this work, chemical investigation on the solid culture of O. sinensis strain LY34 led to the discovery of six digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGS, 1–6) including one new. The structure of compound 1 was determined based on the comprehensive spectra analysis, including NMR, MSn, IR, and chemical derivatisation. Bioactivity studies showed a weak cytotoxicity of compounds 1–6 against 293 T cell and medium anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1 and 2 on Raw 264.7 cell. The discovery of DGDGs in O. sinensis provides new insight into the pharmacologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Savaid Medicine School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dorji Phurbu
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, P. R. China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Savaid Medicine School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Savaid Medicine School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Abedin MR, Barua S. Isolation and purification of glycoglycerolipids to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1298. [PMID: 33446783 PMCID: PMC7809038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant type of glycoglycerolipid found in the plant cell membrane and mostly in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The amphiphilic nature of MGDG is attractive in pharmaceutical fields for interaction with other biological molecules and hence exerting therapeutic anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of cyanobacteria derived MGDG to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. MGDG was extracted from a cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 followed by a subsequent fractionation by column chromatographic technique. The purity and molecular structure of MGDG were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The presence of MGDG in the extracted fraction was further confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-proliferation activity of the extracted MGDG molecule was tested against BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The in vitro study showed that MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 induced apoptosis in (70 ± 8) % of BT-474 (p < 0.001) and (58 ± 5) % of MDA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.001) using ~ 60 and 200 ng/ml of concentrations, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 of MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were (27.2 ± 7.6) and (150 ± 70) ng/ml in BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Quantification of caspase-3/7 activity using flow cytometry showed (3.0 ± 0.4) and (2.1 ± 0.04)-fold (p < 0.001) higher protein expressions in the MGDG treated BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively than untreated controls conferring to the caspase-dependent apoptosis. The MGDG did not show any significant cytotoxic side effects in human dermal fibroblasts cells. A commercially available MGDG control did not induce any apoptotic cell death in cancer cells substantiating the potential of the MGDG extracted from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the treatment of breast cancer cells through the apoptosis-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raisul Abedin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO, 65409-1230, USA
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO, 65409-1230, USA.
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5
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Inuki S, Kishi J, Kashiwabara E, Aiba T, Fujimoto Y. Convergent Synthesis of Digalactosyl Diacylglycerols. Org Lett 2017; 19:6482-6485. [PMID: 29182339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient convergent chemical syntheses of digalactosyl diacylglycerols (DGDGs), which have both a galactose-galactose α(1→6)-linkage and a galactose-glycerol β-linkage along with a diacylglycerol containing various kinds of fatty acids, have been accomplished. In order to achieve a concise synthesis, we chose to use allylic protective groups as permanent protective groups. We have also achieved α- and β-selective glycosylations for the respective linkages with high yields as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University , Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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Govindarajan M. Amphiphilic glycoconjugates as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1208-1253. [PMID: 29126728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilicity is one of the desirable features in the process of drug development which improves the biological as well as the pharmacokinetics profile of bioactive molecule. Carbohydrate moieties present in anti-cancer natural products and synthetic molecules influence the amphiphilicity and hence their bioactivity. This review focuses on natural and synthetic amphiphilic anti-cancer glycoconjugates. Different classes of molecules with varying degree of amphiphilicity are covered with discussions on their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugunthan Govindarajan
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
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7
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Shahaf N, Rogachev I, Heinig U, Meir S, Malitsky S, Battat M, Wyner H, Zheng S, Wehrens R, Aharoni A. The WEIZMASS spectral library for high-confidence metabolite identification. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12423. [PMID: 27571918 PMCID: PMC5013563 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Annotation of metabolites is an essential, yet problematic, aspect of mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics assays. The current repertoire of definitive annotations of metabolite spectra in public MS databases is limited and suffers from lack of chemical and taxonomic diversity. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the data prevents the development of universally applicable metabolite annotation tools. Here we present a combined experimental and computational platform to advance this key issue in metabolomics. WEIZMASS is a unique reference metabolite spectral library developed from high-resolution MS data acquired from a structurally diverse set of 3,540 plant metabolites. We also present MatchWeiz, a multi-module strategy using a probabilistic approach to match library and experimental data. This strategy allows efficient and high-confidence identification of dozens of metabolites in model and exotic plants, including metabolites not previously reported in plants or found in few plant species to date. Unambiguous metabolite annotation is a critical, yet problematic step, in mass spectrometry based metabolomics. Here, Shahaf et al. present WEIZMASS, a platform consisting of a diverse spectral library of more than 3500 plant metabolites and software to aid their identification in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Shahaf
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Institute of Plant Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.,Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maor Battat
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hilary Wyner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Wehrens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy.,Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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In silico investigation of lavandulyl flavonoids for the development of potent fatty acid synthase-inhibitory prototypes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3180-3188. [PMID: 27531709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) is regarded as a sensible therapeutic strategy for the development of optimal anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids exhibit potent anti-neoplastic properties. METHODS The MeOH extract of Sophora flavescens was subjected to chromatographic analyses such as VLC and HPLC for the purification of active flavonoids. The DP4 chemical-shift analysis protocol was employed to investigate the elusive chirality of the lavandulyl moiety of the purified polyphenols. Induced Fit docking protocols and per-residue analyses were utilized to scrutinize structural prerequisites for hampering FAS activity. The FAS-inhibitory activity of the purified flavonoids was assessed via the incorporation of [3H] acetyl-CoA into palmitate. RESULTS Six flavonoids, including lavandulyl flavanones, were purified and evaluated for FAS inhibition. The lavandulyl flavanone sophoraflavanone G (2) exhibited the highest potency (IC50 of 6.7±0.2μM), which was more potent than the positive controls. Extensive molecular docking studies revealed the structural requirements for blocking FAS. Per-residue interaction analysis demonstrated that the lavandulyl functional group in the active flavonoids (1-3 and 5) significantly contributed to increasing their binding affinity towards the target enzyme. CONCLUSION This research suggests a basis for the in silico design of a lavandulyl flavonoid-based architecture showing anti-cancer effects via enhancement of the binding potential to FAS. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FAS inhibition by flavonoids and their derivatives may offer significant potential as an approach to lower the risk of various cancer diseases and related fatalities. In silico technologies with available FAS crystal structures may be of significant use in optimizing preliminary leads.
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Kim JH, Lee SH, Lee HW, Sun YN, Jang WH, Yang SY, Jang HD, Kim YH. (-)-Epicatechin derivate from Orostachys japonicus as potential inhibitor of the human butyrylcholinesterase. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1033-9. [PMID: 27341781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitors block the bioconversion of neurotransmitters by cholinesterase in the nervous system. Epicatechin derivatives (1, 3 and 5), polyphenols (6 and 7) from Orostachys japonicus, and catechin derivatives (2 and 4) from our in-house library were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on cholinesterase. Compound 5 exhibited IC50 values of 58.3±2.4 and 17.8±3.8μg/mL on AChE and BuChE, respectively. Compound 5 inhibited BuChE more strongly than AChE through a competitive behavior. In silico binding positions of 5 in the active site were predicted using Autodock 4.2 and processed in a 10000-ps molecular dynamics simulation to assess the stability of compound 5 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Horticultural Environment, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 595-890, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Ya Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Dong Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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Total synthesis and structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3634-59. [PMID: 24945415 PMCID: PMC4071594 DOI: 10.3390/md12063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined.
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11
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Awouafack MD, McGaw LJ, Gottfried S, Mbouangouere R, Tane P, Spiteller M, Eloff JN. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract, fractions and eight compounds isolated from Eriosema robustum (Fabaceae). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:289. [PMID: 24165199 PMCID: PMC3817817 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the cytotoxicity of the ethanol crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds from the twigs of Eriosema robustum, a plant used for the treatment of coughs and skin diseases. METHODS Column chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used to isolate and identify eight compounds, robusflavones A (1) and B (2), orostachyscerebroside A (3), stigmasterol (4), 1-O-heptatriacontanoyl glycerol (5), eicosanoic acid (6), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of sitosterol (7) and 6-prenylpinocembrin (8), from E. robustum. A two-fold serial microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fungi and bacteria, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity. RESULTS Fraction B had significant antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptoccocus neoformans (MIC 0.08 mg/ml), whilst the crude extract and fraction A had moderate activity against A. fumigatus and Candida albicans (MIC 0.16 mg/ml). Fraction A however had excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.02 mg/ml), Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (MIC 0.04 mg/ml). The crude extract had significant activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. coli. Fraction B had good activity against E. faecalis and E. coli (MIC 0.08 mg/ml). All the isolated compounds had a relatively weak antimicrobial activity. An MIC of 65 μg/ml was obtained with robusflavones A (1) and B (2) against C. albicans and A. fumigatus, orostachyscerebroside A (3) against A. fumigatus, and robusflavone B (2) against C. neoformans. Compound 8 had the best activity against bacteria (average MIC 55 μg/ml). The 3 fractions and isolated compounds had LC50 values between 13.20 to > 100 μg/ml against Vero cells yielding selectivity indices between 0.01 and 1.58. CONCLUSION The isolated compounds generally had a much lower activity than expected based on the activity of the fractions from which they were isolated. This may be the result of synergism between different compounds in the complex extracts or fractions. The results support the traditional use of E. robustum to treat infections. The crude extract had a good activity and low preparation cost, and may be useful in topical applications to combat microbial infections.
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Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 6'-acylamido-6'-deoxy-α-D-mannoglycerolipids. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:74-82. [PMID: 24076433 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight new aminomannoglycerolipids (2a-h) with linear, branched, or aromatic acyl chains were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity. By comparing six mannosyl donors with different protecting and leaving groups, the critical glycosylation reaction employed mannosyl trichloroacetimidate with 2-O-benzoyl protecting group as the donor to give the glycoside with absolute α-anomeric selectivity. The bioactivity results showed that the branched compound 2g could effectively inhibit IAV multiplication in MDCK cells with IC50 69.9μM.
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Synthesis of 6′-acylamido-6′-deoxy-α-d-galactoglycerolipids. Carbohydr Res 2013; 376:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Clericuzio M, Burlando B, Gandini G, Tinello S, Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Cornara L. Keratinocyte wound healing activity of galactoglycerolipids from the fern Ophioglossum vulgatum L. J Nat Med 2013; 68:31-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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