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Ma J, Fan S, Yang L, He L, Zhai H, Ren X, Li Q, Zhang Y. Rapid screening of 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Budetić M, Kopf D, Dandić A, Samardžić M. Review of Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Determination of Thiabendazole. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093926. [PMID: 37175335 PMCID: PMC10179875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a fungicide and anthelmintic drug commonly found in food products. Due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, its determination in various samples is important for public health. Different analytical methods can be used to determine the presence and concentration of TBZ in samples. Liquid chromatography (LC) and its subtypes, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), are the most commonly used methods for TBZ determination representing 19%, 18%, and 18% of the described methods, respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorimetry are two more methods widely used for TBZ determination, representing 13% and 12% of the described methods, respectively. In this review, a number of methods for TBZ determination are described, but due to their limitations, there is a high potential for the further improvement and development of each method in order to obtain a simple, precise, and accurate method that can be used for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Doris Kopf
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Dandić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Metabolic Disposition and Elimination of Tritum-Labeled Sulfamethoxazole in Pigs, Chickens and Rats. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010057. [PMID: 36676982 PMCID: PMC9861212 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), as a sulfa antibiotic, is often used in the treatment of various infectious diseases in animal husbandry. At present, SMZ still has many unresolved problems in the material balance, metabolic pathways, and residual target tissues in food animals. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, the metabolism, distribution, and elimination of SMZ is investigated in pigs, chickens, and rats by radioactive tracing methods, and the residue marker and target tissue of SMZ in food animals were determined, providing a reliable basis for food safety. After a single administration of [3H]-SMZ (rats and pigs by intramuscular injection and chickens by oral gavage), the total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with more than 93% of the dose excreted within 14 days in the three species. Pigs and rats had more than 75% of the administered volume recovered by urine. After 7 days of continuous administration, within the first 6 h, radioactivity was found in almost all tissues. The highest radioactivity and longest persistence in pigs was in the liver, while in chickens it was in the liver and kidneys, most of which was removed within 14 days. A total of six, three and three metabolites were found in chickens, rats and pigs, respectively. N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (S1) was the main metabolite of SMZ in rats, pigs and chickens. The radioactive substance with the longest elimination half-life is sulfamethoxazole (S0), so S0 was suggested to be the marker residue in pigs and chickens.
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[Determination of multi-veterinary drug residues in complementary foods for infants and young children by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2022; 40:1076-1086. [PMID: 36450347 PMCID: PMC9727741 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Special attention must be paid to children and infants because health issues stemming from a poor immunologic system and low weight make them a vulnerable risk group. Complementary foods for infants and young children, which are a class of special dietary foods, are essential transitional foods for infants from lactation to adaptation to ordinary food. Some complementary foods for infants and young children are of animal origin such as fish, meat, and the liver, which may contain veterinary drug residues. Veterinary drugs are usually small-molecular-weight chemicals that are essential for treating infections, increasing production, and improving animal husbandry. However, abuse of these substances can provoke transfer to the food chain, leading to negative consequences for humans, especially infants and young children. For a more comprehensive safety supervision of infant supplementary foods, a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and used for the determination of 50 antibiotics and antivirals (grouped into six categories: fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, chloramphenicols, and antivirals) in complementary foods for infants and young children. The matrix of complementary foods for infants and young children is complex and contains a large number of proteins and lipids, which poses a serious challenge for sample pretreatment. The Captiva EMR-Lipid solid-phase extraction (SPE) column is a new type of product that allows for selective and efficient lipid/matrix removal without negatively affecting the recovery of the analyte. In this study, samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile and then purified using a Captiva EMR-Lipid SPE column. The target analytes were separated on a BEH C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phases. MS detection was performed with an electrospray source in the positive and negative modes in the multireaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The ion spray voltages were set at 5500 V and -4500 V in the positive and negative modes, respectively. The source temperature for both the ionization modes was set to 500 ℃. Instrumental parameters such as collision energy and declustering potential were optimized. The samples were quantified using the external standard method with matrix calibration curves to reduce the influence of the matrix effect on the quantitative results.The results showed that the 50 veterinary drug residues had good linear relationships in the range of 0.5 to 50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.995. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.03-0.70 μg/kg and 0.09-2.33 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for all the compounds under different matrices ranged from 64.37% to 119.3% at spiked levels of 5 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg, with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. Compared to QuEChERS, this method has a better purification effect. The recoveries of the 50 veterinary drugs extracted by this method were also much higher than those in the case of QuEChERS. This method was applied to the detection of 14 domestic and six imported infant supplementary foods. Sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamethazine, and tilmicosin were detected in one imported meat-based baby food. With its simple operation, high sensitivity and accuracy, and low sample quantity consumption, this method is suitable for the determination of multiveterinary drug residues in complementary foods for infants and young children. This study provides an effective analysis method for risk monitoring and troubleshooting of complementary foods for infants and young children, which is of great significance in ensuring the healthy growth of the next generation.
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Zhai R, Zhang K, Chen G, Liu G, Huang X, Gao M, Zhou J, Xu X, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jin M, Xu D, Abd El-Aty AM. Residue, Dissipation Pattern, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid in Chinese Chives. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846333. [PMID: 35284432 PMCID: PMC8905493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for Chinese chives is growing as they are also rich in vitamins, fiber, and sulfur nutrients. Chinese chives should be sprayed with imidacloprid to control pests and diseases to safeguard their yield and to meet the demands of East Asian consumers for Chinese chives. Overspraying of imidacloprid can lead to residues in Chinese chives, posing a severe risk to human health. To reduce the harmful effects of imidacloprid residues on humans, we investigated the imidacloprid dissipation pattern and the final residue on Chinese chives using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearity (R2= 0.9988), accuracy (expressed as recovery % of 78.34–91.17%), precision [expressed as relative SDs (RSDs) of 0.48–6.43%], and sensitivity [a limit of quantification (LOQ) ≤ 8.07 × 104 mg/kg] were achieved. The dissipation dynamics were consistent with the first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 2.92 days. The final residual levels on Chinese chives were 0.00923–0.166 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 1 mg/kg for imidacloprid on Chinese chives. A risk assessment index of <1 indicates that Chinese chives are safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Chen
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Donghui Xu
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Izzo L, Narváez A, Castaldo L, Gaspari A, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Grosso M, Ritieni A. Multiclass and multi-residue screening of mycotoxins, pharmacologically active substances, and pesticides in infant milk formulas through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2948-2962. [PMID: 35094855 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infant milk formulas are designed to substitute human milk when breastfeeding is unavailable. In addition to human milk and milk-derived products, these formulas can be a vehicle of contaminants. In this work, a multiclass method based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach was developed for the simultaneous determination of contaminants (n = 45), including mycotoxins and veterinary drug residues, occurring in infant milk formulas. By using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS; Thermo Fisher Scientific), further retrospective analysis of 337 contaminants, including pesticides, was achieved. The method was validated in accordance with European regulations and applied for the analysis of 54 infant milk samples. Risk assessment was also performed. Dexamethasone was detected in 16.6% of samples (range: 0.905-1.131 ng/mL), and procaine benzyl penicillin in 1 sample at a concentration of 0.295 ng/mL. Zearalenone was found in 55.5% of samples (range: 0.133-0.638 ng/mL) and α-zearalenol in 16.6% of samples (range: 1.534-10.408 ng/mL). Up to 49 pesticides, 11 veterinary drug residues, and 5 mycotoxins were tentatively identified via retrospective analysis based on the mass spectral library. These findings highlight the necessity of careful evaluation of contaminants in infant formulas, considering that they are intended for a vulnerable part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80131 Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Petrarca MH, Braga PADC, Reyes FGR, Bragotto APA. Exploring miniaturized sample preparation approaches combined with LC-QToF-MS for the analysis of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in meat- and/or egg-based baby foods. Food Chem 2021; 366:130587. [PMID: 34332424 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized and simplified sample preparation methods with reduced consumption of chemicals and non-halogenated solvents are presented for the determination of 12 sulfonamides in baby foods. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the identification and quantification of the compounds based on the acquisition of full spectrum at high resolution with accurate mass for precursor and its fragment ions. Three miniaturized protocols based on QuEChERS, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction or low-temperature cleanup were evaluated regarding the extraction efficiency and removal capability of matrix co-extractives. All approaches achieved satisfactory recoveries (70.0-120.0%); however, the miniaturized QuEChERS distinguished by lower co-extractives content in the final extract providing lower matrix effects. Thus, the performance characteristics of the miniaturized QuEChERS were established using different matrices: beef-, egg yolk- and vegetable-based baby food or chicken- and vegetable-based baby food, in compliance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines. The target compounds were investigated in 30 commercial baby foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Aparecida de Campos Braga
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Pereira BFDM, Pereira MU, Ferreira RG, Spisso BF. Dietary exposure assessment to macrolide antimicrobial residues through infant formulas marketed in Brazil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1672-1688. [PMID: 34254896 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1933204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides are critically important antimicrobials for both human and animal health and should be prioritized in risk assessments, as inappropriate use may result in antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobials erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin and tylosin were analysed in infant formula samples by HPLC-MS/MS using a validated analytical method based on a modified QuEChERS extraction. The results of the occurrence study were employed to perform a dietary exposure assessment of infants to residues. In a total of 30 analysed samples, 73% contained spiramycin residues and 27%, tilmicosin residues. Calculated daily intakes ranged from 1.47 × 10-6 to 2.71 × 10-4 mg kg-1 body weight considering all analytes, representing 0.01-0.59% of acceptable daily intakes. The results of the dietary exposure assessment were all below acceptable daily intakes, indicating low potential health concerns. However, according to Brazilian regulations, infant formulas containing residues of one or more of the investigated analytes were deemed as non-compliant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mararlene Ulberg Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gomes Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardete Ferraz Spisso
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pretreatment and determination methods for benzimidazoles: An update since 2005. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1644:462068. [PMID: 33836299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazoles, commonly used as pesticides and veterinary drugs, have posed a threat to human health and the environment due to unreasonable use and lack of valid regulation. Therefore, an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and analytical approaches in different substrates is urgently needed. The present review consequently updates and covers various newly developed pretreatment methods (e.g., cationic micellar precipitation, magnetic-solid phase extraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, disperse liquid-liquid microextraction-solidified floating organic drop, stir cake sorptive extraction, solid phase microextraction method, QuEChERS, and molecular imprinted polymer-based methods) since 2005. The review also elaborates and discusses different determination methods (e.g., newly developed HPLC and related methods, improved spectrofluorimetry methods, capillary electrophoresis, and the electrochemical sensor). Furthermore, some critical points and prospects are highlighted, to describe the trends in this area.
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Cheng W, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ma L, Liu G, Wang Q, Chen F, Cheng KW. Development of an Isotope Dilution UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS-Based Method for Simultaneous Determination of Typical Advanced Glycation End Products and Acrylamide in Baked and Fried Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2611-2618. [PMID: 33560839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a stable isotope dilution ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and acrylamide (AA) in baked and fried foods. Ground food samples were extracted with acetone followed by two parallel assays. In assay A, a cleanup procedure based on dispersive solid-phase extraction was conducted for AA, free CML, and CEL analysis using the supernatant. In assay B, a multistep process including reduction, protein precipitation, acid hydrolysis, and solid-phase extraction was conducted for bound CML and CEL analysis using precipitation. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD; limit of quantitation, LOQ), accuracy, and precision. The results showed that the method had a wide linear range (0.25-500 ng/mL for CML and CEL, 0.5-500 ng/mL for AA), low LOD and LOQ (0.47-0.94 and 1.52-1.91 μg/kg, respectively), and good linearity (R2 > 0.999). The recovery test on baby biscuit and French fries samples showed the recovery rates of 90.2-108.3% for CML, 89.0-106.1% for CEL, and 94.5-112.3% for AA with satisfactory precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 10%). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to 11 baked and fried food samples, and total CML, CEL, and AA contents varied in the ranges of 4.07-35.88 mg/kg, 1.99-14.49 mg/kg, and 5.56-506.64 μg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the isotope dilution UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method developed herein is promising for routine analysis of CML, CEL, and AA in baked and fried foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lukai Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
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Shin D, Kim J, Kang HS. Simultaneous determination of multi-pesticide residues in fish and shrimp using dispersive-solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Grutes JV, Ferreira RG, Pereira MU, Candido FS, Spisso BF. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS screening method for macrolide and quinolone residues in baby food. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:197-211. [PMID: 33463404 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1872324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive screening method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the identification of 7 macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin and tylosin) and 8 quinolones (ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ofloxacin) in meat and egg-based baby foods. Sample preparation was performed using an alkaline modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) extraction method without additional clean-up steps. A simplex-lattice mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of the QuEChERS extraction solvent. The developed method was successfully validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines regarding the validation of screening methods 20/01/2010, adopting a fixed permited tolerance for relative ion ratio. Samples of baby food (n = 44) commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed using the validated method and none of them presented residues of the searched macrolides and quinolones, with a screening target value of 5 µg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas V Grutes
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana G Ferreira
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mararlene U Pereira
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Candido
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardete F Spisso
- Chemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Determination of Macrolide Antimicrobials in Infant Formulas Using a Modified Alkaline QuEChERS and High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Petrarca MH, Braga PADC, Reyes FGR, Bragotto APA. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a potential combination for the determination of sulfonamide residues in complex infant formula matrices. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461606. [PMID: 33128969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An accurate, sensitive and selective analytical method is proposed for sulfonamide residues analysis in infant formulas based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in full scan mode. The sample preparation approach involves low-temperature lipid precipitation followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction with PSA and C18 sorbents, which was successfully optimized using Plackett-Burman design. In order to achieve high analytical sensitivity, the influence of HILIC conditions on sulfonamide ionization was investigated, such as the mobile phase composition, buffer concentration, and sample diluent for injection. The method performance characteristics, including linearity (range 5-120 µg kg-1), reliable limits of quantification (between 5 and 20 µg kg-1), recovery (72.9-109.2%) and precision (coefficient of variation values ≤ 19.8%) under repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility conditions, were in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 71-2009 for quantitative analytical methods for veterinary drug residues in foods. Moreover, adequate identification of the compounds was provided with accurate mass measurement of both precursor and fragment ions in one single run. Finally, the developed method was applied to thirty-five powdered milk-based infant formula samples available in the Brazilian market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Aparecida de Campos Braga
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Steiner D, Sulyok M, Malachová A, Mueller A, Krska R. Realizing the simultaneous liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based quantification of >1200 biotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in complex feed. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461502. [PMID: 32841773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first quantitative multiclass approach enabling the accurate quantification of >1200 biotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in complex feed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed. Optimization of HPLC/UHPLC (chromatographic column, flow rate and injection volume) and MS/MS conditions (dwell time and cycle time) were carried out in order to allow the combination of five major substance classes and the high number of target analytes with different physico-chemical properties. Cycle times and retention windows were carefully optimized and ensured appropriate dwell times reducing the overall measurement error. Validation was carried out in two compound feed matrices according to the EU SANTE validation guideline. Apparent recoveries matching the acceptable range of 60-140% accounted 60% and 79% for all analytes in cattle and chicken feed, respectively. High extraction efficiencies were obtained for all analyte/matrix combinations and revealed matrix effects as the main source for deviation of the targeted performance criteria. Concerning the methods repeatability 99% of all analytes in chicken and 96% in cattle feed complied with the acceptable RSD ≤ 20% criterion. Limits of quantification were between 1-10 µg/kg for the vast majority of compounds. Finally, the methods applicability was tested in >130 real compound feed samples and provides first insights into co-exposure of agro-contaminants in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steiner
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Malachová
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | | | - Rudolf Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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16
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de Mendonça Pereira BF, de Almeida CC, Leandro KC, da Costa MP, Conte-Junior CA, Spisso BF. Occurrence, sources, and pathways of chemical contaminants in infant formulas. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1378-1396. [PMID: 33337090 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Infant formulas are manufactured products to meet specific nutritional requirements for infants. However, infant formulas can contain harmful substances, such as chemical contaminants and residues, normally due to possible contamination of the raw material or from the production chain. Some studies have demonstrated that veterinary drugs, pesticides, mycotoxins, heavy metals, packaging materials, within other chemicals are found in infant formulas from different sources of contamination. It is known that some of these substances can be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic, contributing to antibiotic resistance, among other detrimental consequences for consumers' health. The purpose of this review is to assess the scientific evidence concerning the occurrence, sources, and pathways of contamination, as well as the detrimental impacts on infant health due to the possible presence of chemical contaminants and residues in infant formulas. Moreover, strategies to reduce the risk of contamination of infant formulas are presented to ensure the highest standards of quality of infant formulas. The entire infant formula manufacturing process should be monitored and controlled to minimize the risk of contamination during processing, storage, and distribution, besides ensuring the use of raw materials with as low as acceptable levels of harmful substances in order to assure that the final product shall comply with the maximum levels and maximum residue limits, when established, for residues and contaminants in the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristine Couto de Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Katia Christina Leandro
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardete Ferraz Spisso
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Kim J, Park H, Kang HS, Cho BH, Oh JH. Comparison of Sample Preparation and Determination of 60 Veterinary Drug Residues in Flatfish Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051206. [PMID: 32156017 PMCID: PMC7179470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to optimize the analytical method for multi-residues of 60 compounds in flatfish samples. Three sample preparation methods were tested to identify the optimal recovery conditions for target analytes. As a result, 10 mL of water/acetonitrile (1:4, v/v) was used to extract analytes from fish samples. For purification, C18 and 10 mL of acetonitrile saturated hexane were used to treat the samples. After evaporation and reconstitution, the fish samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was validated according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL-71). Our results showed the recoveries of 73.2%-115% and coefficients of variation of 1.6%-22.1%. The limit of quantification was 0.0005-0.005 mg/kg in the fishery products. In analysis of real samples, no samples exceeded the limit of quantification. This analytical method can be used for multi-residue screening and confirmation of the residues of veterinary drugs in fishery products.
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18
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Zhan J, Shi XZ, Xu XW, Cao GZ, Chen XF. Generic and rapid determination of low molecular weight organic chemical contaminants in protein powder by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121967. [PMID: 31931332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and generic analytical method that could simultaneously determine 291 undesirable low molecular weight chemical contaminants from different drug families in protein powder, such as veterinary drugs and pesticides, etc, had been developed. This method comprised the extraction with acetonitrile-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), clean-up through dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) and low temperature filtration, and analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry at multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Acetonitrile-DMSO was more generic than acetonitrile or methanol for the extraction of large-scale organic chemical contaminants with different polarities in protein powder. Most interferences in the extract were eliminated by the combination of D-SPE and low temperature filtration, which simultaneously provided satisfactory recoveries of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic analytes. In particular, besides the purification function, the sorbent of D-SPE also played an important role in grinding samples to improve extraction efficiency during homogenization. This streamlined approach allowed the processes of extraction and the main purification were carried out in one-step, and dramatically reduced sample preparation turnaround times and solvent consumption. For quantification, matrix-fortified calibration curves showed competent linearity for most of the target compounds with linear regression coefficients (r) higher than 0.9900, except for two analytes. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg, which was usually sufficient to verify the compliance of products with legal tolerances. The average recoveries for spiked protein powder ranged from 65.6% to 142.2% with associated RSD values between 0.5% and 28.5%. For over 90% of the analytes, the recoveries were between 70% and 120% with RSD values in the range of 1%-15%. Applying this method in routine monitoring programs would drastically reduce both effort and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China.
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315832, PR China.
| | - Xu-Wen Xu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Guo-Zhou Cao
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315832, PR China
| | - Xian-Feng Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
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19
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A disposable paper-based sample clean-up slides for the sensitive determination of trace diethylstilbestrol residues in aquatic products. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Nobile M, Arioli F, Pavlovic R, Ceriani F, Lin SK, Panseri S, Villa R, Chiesa LM. Presence of emerging contaminants in baby food. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:131-142. [PMID: 31661665 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1682686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food safety becomes imperative when it aims to protect infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of emerging contaminants of which some act as endocrine-disruptors in baby food. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), parabens and antibiotics were analysed in 112 baby food of different categories (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, cheese). As regard POPs, PFASs and antibiotics, no residues were detected, while one sample showed methyl-paraben (4.14 ng g-1), whereas another three contained propyl-paraben (median 1.70 ng g-1). Special attention must be paid on parabens metabolites, as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the principal parabens metabolite, was detected in all samples (median 176.7 ng g-1). It may be present as a degradation product, but also, it can be released from vegetables and fruits during food processing. It is recommended to collect more data on natural vs non-natural occurrence of parabens and metabolites to evaluate the exposure of sensitive population vs ADI published by the European Food Safety Authority and European Medicines Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shih-Kuo Lin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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21
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Zhang C, Deng Y, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Liao C, Su L, Zhou Y, Gong D, Chen L, Luo A. The application of the QuEChERS methodology in the determination of antibiotics in food: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Han J, Jin W, Wu Z, Shi Y, Cui F. Analysis of josamycin in three kinds of feed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1302-1313. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1628357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Test Center, Wellhope Agri-Tech Joint Stock Co, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Test Center, Wellhope Agri-Tech Joint Stock Co, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- Test Center, Wellhope Agri-Tech Joint Stock Co, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ying Shi
- Test Center, Wellhope Agri-Tech Joint Stock Co, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Fengyue Cui
- Test Center, Wellhope Agri-Tech Joint Stock Co, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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23
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A Zr(IV)-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework as a solid-phase sorbent for extraction of sulfonamides prior to their quantitation by LC-MS. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:450. [PMID: 30209670 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A porphyrinic metal-organic framework (PCN-224) was fabricated and used as an adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of ultratrace levels of polar sulfonamide antibiotics from food and drinking waters. The PCN-224 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. The sulfonamides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Figures of merit include (a) low limits of detection (0.07-0.47 ng·L-1), (b) wide linear ranges (0.5-2000 ng·L-1), and (c) good repeatabilities (2.8%-6.7%) and reproducibilities (1.7%-5.1%). The method was successfully applied to the determination of sulfonamides in food and drinking water samples. Graphical abstract A Zr(IV)-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (PCN-224) was synthesized from a Zr6 cluster and the H2TCPP ligand. It was used for solid-phase extraction of sulfonamides from food and drinking water samples coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for determination.
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24
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Development and validation of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of 5-nitroimidazole traces in infant milk-based samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Belal F, El-Razeq SA, Fouad M, Zayed S, Fouad F. Simultaneous Determination of Five Coccidiostats in Veterinary Powders, Feed Premixes, and Baby Food by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography: Application to Chicken Tissues and Liver. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Desmarchelier A, Fan K, Minh Tien M, Savoy MC, Tarres A, Fuger D, Goyon A, Bessaire T, Mottier P. Determination of 105 antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic agents and tranquilizers by LC-MS/MS based on an acidic QuEChERS-like extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:646-660. [PMID: 29346035 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1429677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for screening 105 veterinary drugs in foods by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is presented. Its scope encompasses raw materials of animal origin (milk, meat, fish, egg and fat) but also related processed ingredients and finished products commonly used and manufactured by food business operators. Due to the complexity of the matrices considered and to efficiently deal with losses during extraction and matrix effects during MS source ionisation, each sample was analysed twice, that is 'unspiked' and 'spiked at the screening target concentration' using a QuEChERS-like extraction. The entire procedure was validated according to the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines. False-negative and false-positive rates were below 5% for all veterinary drugs whatever the food matrix. Effectiveness of the procedure was further demonstrated through participation to five proficiency tests and its ruggedness demonstrated in quality control operations by a second laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Desmarchelier
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kaïli Fan
- b Nestlé Quality Assurance Center , Singapore
| | | | - Marie-Claude Savoy
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Tarres
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Denis Fuger
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bessaire
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mottier
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
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27
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Multi-residue Determination of Veterinary Drugs in Fishery Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Arias JLDO, Schneider A, Batista-Andrade JA, Vieira AA, Caldas SS, Primel EG. Chitosan from shrimp shells: A renewable sorbent applied to the clean-up step of the QuEChERS method in order to determine multi-residues of veterinary drugs in different types of milk. Food Chem 2018; 240:1243-1253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Quantification techniques for important environmental contaminants in milk and dairy products. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Han RW, Yu ZN, Zhen TY, Wang J. Survey of Veterinary Drug Residues in Raw Milk in Hebei Province, China. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1890-1896. [PMID: 29039709 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of veterinary drug residues in raw milk from Hebei, the second-largest dairy production province in the People's Republic of China. A total of 192 raw milk samples were collected from 64 milk stations in seven districts. Twenty-eight veterinary drug residues were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based on a China National Standard. Raw milk samples with multiple residues of veterinary drugs were not found in the present study. Residues of four veterinary drugs, penicillin G, sulfacetamide, trimethoprim, and lincomycin, were detected in 12 (6.25%) raw milk samples, with detection ratios of 1.04, 0.52, 3.13, and 1.56%, respectively. All veterinary drug residues detected were under the maximum residue levels as regulated by China, the European Union, the United States, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. In general, raw milk from Hebei province was considered relatively safe for human consumption because of the low prevalence of veterinary drug residues. However, stringent control measurements for veterinary drug residues in raw milk are required because some veterinary drugs were detected in milk from some areas of Hebei province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-0493 [J.W.]); and
| | - Zhong-Na Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-0493 [J.W.]); and
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-0493 [J.W.]); and
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31
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Zhao F, Gao X, Tang Z, Luo X, Wu M, Xu J, Fu X. Development of a simple multi-residue determination method of 80 veterinary drugs in Oplegnathus punctatus by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Konak Üİ, Certel M, Şık B, Tongur T. Development of an analysis method for determination of sulfonamides and their five acetylated metabolites in baby foods by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1057:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Moreno-González D, Rodríguez-Ramírez R, del Olmo-Iruela M, García-Campaña AM. Validation of a new method based on salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of betalactam antibiotics in infant dairy products. Talanta 2017; 167:493-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Moreno-González D, García-Campaña AM. Salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of tetracycline residues in infant foods. Food Chem 2017; 221:1763-1769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Anumol T, Lehotay SJ, Stevens J, Zweigenbaum J. Comparison of veterinary drug residue results in animal tissues by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole or quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry after different sample preparation methods, including use of a commercial lipid removal product. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2639-2653. [PMID: 28224246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods must be monitored to ensure food safety, verify proper veterinary practices, enforce legal limits in domestic and imported foods, and for other purposes. A common goal in drug residue analysis in foods is to achieve acceptable monitoring results for as many analytes as possible, with higher priority given to the drugs of most concern, in an efficient and robust manner. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has implemented a multiclass, multi-residue method based on sample preparation using dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) for cleanup and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ) for analysis of >120 drugs at regulatory levels of concern in animal tissues. Recently, a new cleanup product called "enhanced matrix removal for lipids" (EMR-L) was commercially introduced that used a unique chemical mechanism to remove lipids from extracts. Furthermore, high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q/TOF) for (U)HPLC detection often yields higher selectivity than targeted QQQ analyzers while allowing retroactive processing of samples for other contaminants. In this study, the use of both d-SPE and EMR-L sample preparation and UHPLC-QQQ and UHPLC-Q/TOF analysis methods for shared spiked samples of bovine muscle, kidney, and liver was compared. The results showed that the EMR-L method provided cleaner extracts overall and improved results for several anthelmintics and tranquilizers compared to the d-SPE method, but the EMR-L method gave lower recoveries for certain β-lactam antibiotics. QQQ vs. Q/TOF detection showed similar mixed performance advantages depending on analytes and matrix interferences, with an advantage to Q/TOF for greater possible analytical scope and non-targeted data collection. Either combination of approaches may be used to meet monitoring purposes, with an edge in efficiency to d-SPE, but greater instrument robustness and less matrix effects when analyzing EMR-L extracts. Graphical abstract Comparison of cleanup methods in the analysis of veterinary drug residues in bovine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Anumol
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Joan Stevens
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Jerry Zweigenbaum
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
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Ortiz AJ, Cortez V, Azzouz A, Verdú JR. Isolation and determination of ivermectin in post-mortem and in vivo tissues of dung beetles using a continuous solid phase extraction method followed by LC-ESI+-MS/MS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172202. [PMID: 28207908 PMCID: PMC5313191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new analytical method based on solvent extraction, followed by continuous solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up using a polymeric sorbent, was demonstrated to be applicable for the detection of ivermectin in complex biological matrices of dung beetles (hemolymph, excreta or dry tissues) using liquid chromatography combined with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI+–MS/MS). Using a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, the limit of detection (LOD) in the insect matrices at trace levels was 0.01 ng g–1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1 ng g–1. The proposed method was successfully used to quantitatively determine the levels of ivermectin in the analysis of small samples in in vivo and post mortem samples, demonstrating the usefulness for quantitative analyses that are focused on future pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies in insects and the establishment of a new protocol to study the impact of ivermectin on non-target arthropods such as dung beetles and other insects that are related with the “dung community”. Because satisfactory precision and accuracy values were obtained in both in vivo matrices, we suggest that the method can be consistently used for quantitative determinations that are focused on future pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies in insects. Furthermore, this new analytical method was successfully applied to biological samples of dead dung beetles from the field suggesting that the method can be used to establish a new routine analysis of ivermectin residues in insect carcasses that is applied to complement typical mortality tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica. Universidad de Jaén, EPS de Linares. Linares, Spain
| | - Vieyle Cortez
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica. Universidad de Jaén, EPS de Linares. Linares, Spain
| | - José R. Verdú
- I.U.I. CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Single-Step Multiresidue Determination of β-Lactam Antibiotics and β-Agonists in Porcine Muscle by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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39
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Hu ZH, Wang YG, Jin HX, Ouyang XK, Wu WJ. Analysis of flumequine enantiomers in rat plasma by UFLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chirality 2016; 28:737-743. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hong Hu
- School of Food and Pharmacy; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yang-Guang Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan Peoples Republic of China
| | - Huo-Xi Jin
- School of Food and Pharmacy; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ouyang
- School of Food and Pharmacy; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jian Wu
- School of Food and Pharmacy; Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhoushan Peoples Republic of China
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40
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Gentili A, De Pratti V, Caretti F, Pérez-Fernández V, Tomai P, Curini R, Mainero Rocca L. Residue analysis of thyreostats in baby foods via matrix solid phase dispersion and liquid chromatography – dual-polarity electrospray – tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1793-1802. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1241899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pratti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Caretti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Tomai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Mainero Rocca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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41
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Quantitative multiresidue analysis of antibiotics in milk and milk powder by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:172-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Attalah E, Nasr YS, El-Gammal HA, Nour El-Dien FA. Optimisation and validation of a new analytical method for the determination of four natural and synthetic hormones using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1545-1556. [PMID: 27575595 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1227878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four natural and synthetic hormone residues (progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate and zeranol) in animal tissue samples. Sample preparation was optimised to minimise time and solvent consumption. Meat samples were mechanically homogenised and digested in a procedure that gave similar recoveries to those enzymatically hydrolysed by Helix pomatia. Efficient extraction was achieved using acidified acetonitrile (1% acetic acid). Chromatographic conditions were optimised to minimise matrix effects. Analytes were separated using a C18 column with gradient elution using ammonium formate solution in methanol (MeOH)/water (1:9) and MeOH mobile phases. Finally, residues were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Different parameters for LC-MS/MS (e.g., declustering potential and collision energy) were optimised using API 6500QT; all analytes were measured using positive-mode electrospray ionisation (ESI+) except zeranol which was measured in negative mode (ESI-). Due to LC-MS/MS signal enhancement/suppression, the determination of hormones was based on matrix-matched standard calculations. The method was validated for the four hormones on meat samples at different fortification levels and showed accepted performance criteria according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits and detection capabilities were estimated for all analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Attalah
- a Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center , Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation , Giza , Egypt
| | - Yasmin S Nasr
- a Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center , Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation , Giza , Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Gammal
- a Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Agricultural Research Center , Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation , Giza , Egypt
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43
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Moretti S, Cruciani G, Romanelli S, Rossi R, Saluti G, Galarini R. Multiclass method for the determination of 62 antibiotics in milk. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:792-804. [PMID: 27490945 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A multiclass method for screening and confirmatory analysis of antimicrobial residues in milk has been developed and validated. Sixty-two antibiotics belonging to ten different drug families (amphenicols, cephalosporins, lincosamides, macrolides, penicillin, pleuromutilins, quinolones, rifamycins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) have been included. After the addition of an aqueous solution of EDTA, the milk samples were extracted twice with acetonitrile, evaporated and dissolved in ammonium acetate. After centrifugation, 10 µl were analysed using LC-Q-Orbitrap operating in positive electrospray ionization mode. The method was validated in bovine milk in the range 2-150 µg kg(-1) for all antibiotics; for four compounds with maximum residue limits higher than 100 µg kg(-1) , the validation interval has been extended until 333 µg kg(-1) . The estimated performance characteristics were satisfactory complying with the requirements of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Good accuracies were obtained also taking advantage from the versatility of the hybrid mass analyser. Identification criteria were achieved verifying the mass accuracy and ion ratio of two ions, including the pseudomolecular one, where possible. Finally, the developed procedure was applied to 13 real cases of suspect milk samples (microbiological assay) confirming the presence of one or more antibiotics, although frequently, the maximum residue limits were not exceeded. The availability of rapid multiclass confirmatory methods can avoid wastes of suspect, but compliant, raw milk samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 10, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Romanelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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44
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Garcia JM, Teixeira P. Organic versus conventional food: A comparison regarding food safety. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1196490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Chicken Liver Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Dasenaki ME, Michali CS, Thomaidis NS. Analysis of 76 veterinary pharmaceuticals from 13 classes including aminoglycosides in bovine muscle by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1452:67-80. [PMID: 27215463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue/multiclass method for the simultaneous determination of 76 veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals in bovine muscle tissue has been developed and validated according to the requirements of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The analytes belong in 13 different classes, including aminoglycoside antibiotics, whose different physicochemical properties (extremely polar character) render their simultaneous determination with other veterinary drugs quite problematic. The method combines a two-step extraction procedure (extraction with acetonitrile followed by an acidic aqueous buffer extraction) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) determination, allowing confirmation and quantification in a single chromatographic run. Further cleanup with solid phase extraction was performed using polymeric SPE cartridges. A thorough ionization study of aminoglycosides was performed in order to increase their sensitivity and significant differences in the abundance of the precursor ions of the analytes were revealed, depending on the composition of the mobile phase tested. Further gradient elution optimization and injection solvent optimization were performed for all target analytes.The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657. Quantitative analysis was performed by means of standard addition calibration. Recoveries varied from 37.4% (bromhexine) to 106% (kanamycin) in the lowest validation level and 82% of the compounds showed recovery >70%. Detection capability (CCβ) varied from 2.4 (salinomycin) to 1302 (apramycin) μgkg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena E Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina S Michali
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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47
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Zhu WX, Yang JZ, Wang ZX, Wang CJ, Liu YF, Zhang L. Rapid determination of 88 veterinary drug residues in milk using automated TurborFlow online clean-up mode coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 148:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Hiba A, Carine A, Haifa AR, Ryszard L, Farouk J. Monitoring of twenty-two sulfonamides in edible tissues: Investigation of new metabolites and their potential toxicity. Food Chem 2016; 192:212-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Assessment of Tetracyclines Residues and Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Conventional and Organic Baby Foods. Foods 2015; 4:306-317. [PMID: 28231206 PMCID: PMC5224545 DOI: 10.3390/foods4030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are very vulnerable to bacterial infections and they are sometimes subject to antimicrobials for healing. The presence of resistance genes may counteract effects of antimicrobials. This work has thereby compared the amount of tetracycline resistance genes, tet(A) and tet(B), between conventional and organic meat-based or vegetable-based baby foods and used the quantification of these genes to assess the presence of tetracycline residues in these samples. Counts of bacteria harboring the tet(A) gene were higher than those containing tet(B), and there was no difference between the organic and the conventional samples. Samples with detectable amounts of tetracycline residues were also positive for the presence of tet genes, and when the presence of the genes was not detected, the samples were also negative for the presence of residues. The percentages of tetracycline residues were higher in organic samples than in conventional ones. It cannot be concluded that organic formulas are safer than conventional ones for the studied parameters.
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50
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Cortéjade A, Kiss A, Cren C, Vulliet E, Buleté A. Development of an analytical method for the targeted screening and multi-residue quantification of environmental contaminants in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for evaluation of human exposures. Talanta 2015; 146:694-706. [PMID: 26695319 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method and contribute to the assessment of the Exposome. Thus, a targeted analysis of a wide range of contaminants in contact with humans on daily routines in urine was developed. The method focused on a list of 38 contaminants, including 12 pesticides, one metabolite of pesticide, seven veterinary drugs, five parabens, one UV filter, one plastic additive, two surfactants and nine substances found in different products present in the everyday human environment. These contaminants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) with a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqToF) instrument from a raw urinary matrix. A validation according to the FDA guidelines was employed to evaluate the specificity, linear or quadratic curve fitting, inter- and intra-day precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification (LOQ). The developed analysis allows for the quantification of 23 contaminants in the urine samples, with the LOQs ranging between 4.3 ng.mL(-1) and 113.2 ng.mL(-1). This method was applied to 17 urine samples. Among the targeted contaminants, four compounds were detected in samples. One of the contaminants (tributyl phosphate) was detected below the LOQ. The three others (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and O,O-diethyl thiophosphate potassium) were detected but did not fulfill the validation criteria for quantification. Among these four compounds, two of them were found in all samples: tributyl phosphate and the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortéjade
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Kiss
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cren
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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