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Costa-Pérez A, Sánchez-Bravo P, Medina S, Domínguez-Perles R, García-Viguera C. Bioaccessible Organosulfur Compounds in Broccoli Stalks Modulate the Inflammatory Mediators Involved in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:800. [PMID: 38255874 PMCID: PMC10815348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with global morbidity and mortality. Several mediators are involved in this process, including proinflammatory interleukins and cytokines produced by damaged tissues that, somehow, act as initiators of the autoreactive immune response. Bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods and byproducts have been largely considered active agents with the potential to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases, being a valuable alternative to traditional therapeutic agents used nowadays, which present several side effects. In this regard, the present research uncovers the anti-inflammatory activity of the bioaccessible fraction of broccoli stalks processed, by applying different conditions that render specific concentrations of bioactive sulforaphane (SFN). The raw materials' extracts exhibited significantly different contents of total glucosinolates (GSLs) that ranged between 3993.29 and 12,296.48 mg/kg dry weight (dw), with glucoraphanin as the most abundant one, followed by GI and GE. The indolic GSLs were represented by hydroxy-glucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, methoxy-glucobrassicin, and neo-glucobrassicin, with the two latter as the most abundant. Additionally, SFN and indole-3-carbinol were found in lower concentrations than the corresponding GSL precursors in the raw materials. When exploring the bioaccessibility of these organosulfur compounds, the GSL of all matrices remained at levels lower than the limit of detection, while SFN was the only breakdown product that remained stable and at quantifiable concentrations. The highest concentration of bioaccessible SFN was provided by the high-ITC materials (~4.00 mg/kg dw). The results retrieved on the cytotoxicity of the referred extracts evidenced that the range of supplementation of growth media tested (0.002-430.400 µg of organosulfur compounds/mL) did not display cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. The obtained extracts were assessed based on their capacity to reduce the production of key proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and TNF-α) by the intestinal epithelium. Most of the tested processing conditions provided plant material with significant anti-inflammatory activity and the absence of cytotoxic effects. These data confirm that SFN from broccoli stalks, processed to optimize the bioaccessible concentration of SFN, may be potential therapeutic leads to treat or prevent human intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costa-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (P.S.-B.); (S.M.); (C.G.-V.)
| | - Paola Sánchez-Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (P.S.-B.); (S.M.); (C.G.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (P.S.-B.); (S.M.); (C.G.-V.)
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (P.S.-B.); (S.M.); (C.G.-V.)
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-P.); (P.S.-B.); (S.M.); (C.G.-V.)
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Baenas N, Vega-García A, Manjarrez-Marmolejo J, Moreno DA, Feria-Romero IA. The preventive effects of broccoli bioactives against cancer: Evidence from a validated rat glioma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115720. [PMID: 37839110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive and incurable diffuse gliomas constitute 80% of malignant brain tumors, and patients succumb to recurrent surgeries and drug resistance. Epidemiological research indicates that substantial consumption of fruits and vegetables diminishes the risk of developing this tumor type. Broccoli consumption has shown beneficial effects in both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects are partially attributed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), which can regulate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, stimulate detoxifying enzymes, and activate cellular antioxidant defense processes. This study employs a C6 rat glioma model to assess the chemoprotective potential of aqueous extracts from broccoli seeds, sprouts, and inflorescences, all rich in SFN, and pure SFN as positive control. The findings reveal that administering a dose of 100 mg/kg of broccoli sprout aqueous extract and 0.1 mg/kg of SFN to animals for 30 days before introducing 1 × 104 cells effectively halts tumor growth and progression. This study underscores the significance of exploring foods abundant in bioactive compounds, such as derivatives of broccoli, for potential preventive integration into daily diets. Using broccoli sprouts as a natural defense against cancer development might seem idealistic, yet this investigation establishes that administering this extract proves to be a valuable approach in designing strategies for glioma prevention. Although the findings stem from a rat glioma model, they offer promising insights for subsequent preclinical and clinical research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angélica Vega-García
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manjarrez-Marmolejo
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo - 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Iris A Feria-Romero
- Neurological Diseases Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Li BL, Zhao SZ, Zhou H, Li CC, Li LL, Yu XX, Sun LX. Synthesis and antitumor activity of erysolin and its metabolites. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:369-378. [PMID: 35763370 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2091989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erysolin and its two metabolites which were found in blood, ERY-GSH and ERY-NAC, were synthesized by alkylation, amination, isothiocyanation and oxidation reactions from 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane and sodium methyl mercaptide. The reaction temperature, time, feed ratios and purification method were also optimized. The synthesis method was simple, green, safe and low-cost. Erysolin, ERY-GSH and ERY-NAC showed good antitumor activities against MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, A549 and SW480 cells, which suggested that the antitumor mechanism of erysolin can also be clarified from its metabolites in addition to itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Sánchez-Bravo P, Abellán Á, Zapata PJ, García-Viguera C, Domínguez-Perles R, Giménez MJ. Broccoli products supplemented beers provide a sustainable source of dietary sulforaphane. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A New Food Ingredient Rich in Bioaccessible (Poly)Phenols (and Glucosinolates) Obtained from Stabilized Broccoli Stalks. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121734. [PMID: 35741932 PMCID: PMC9222756 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) stalks account for up to 35% of the broccoli harvest remains with the concomitant generation of unused waste that needs recovery to contribute to the sustainability of the system. However, due to its phytochemical composition, rich in bioactive (poly)phenols and glucosinolates, as well as other nutrients, the development of valorization alternatives as a source of functional ingredients must be considered. In this situation, the present work aims to develop/obtain a new ingredient rich in bioactive compounds from broccoli, stabilizing them and reducing their degradation to further guarantee a high bioaccessibility, which has also been studied. The phytochemical profile of lyophilized and thermally treated (low-temperature and descending gradient temperature treatments), together with the digested materials (simulated static in vitro digestion) were analysed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn and UHPLC-3Q-MS/MS. Broccoli stalks and co-products were featured by containing phenolic compounds (mainly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and glycosylated flavonols) and glucosinolates. The highest content of organosulfur compounds corresponding to the cores of the broccoli stalks treated by applying a drying descendant temperature gradient (aliphatic 18.05 g/kg dw and indolic 1.61 g/kg dw, on average, while the breakdown products were more abundant in the bark ongoing low temperature drying 11.29 g/kg dw, on average). On the other hand, for phenolics, feruloylquinic, and sinapoylquinic acid derivatives of complete broccoli stalk and bark, were more abundant when applying low-temperature drying (14.48 and 28.22 g/kg dw, on average, respectively), while higher concentrations were found in the core treated with decreasing temperature gradients (9.99 and 26.26 g/kg dw, on average, respectively). When analysing the bioaccessibility of these compounds, it was found that low-temperature stabilization of the core samples provided the material with the highest content of bioactives including antioxidant phenolics (13.6 and 33.9 g/kg dw of feruloylquinic and sinapoylquinic acids, on average, respectively) and sulforaphane (4.1 g/kg dw, on average). These processing options enabled us to obtain a new product or ingredient rich in bioactive and bioaccessible compounds based on broccoli stalks with the potential for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of interest.
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Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers in Subjects with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091937. [PMID: 35565903 PMCID: PMC9099674 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different parts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) tree are consumed as food or food supplements for their nutritional and medicinal value; however, very few human studies have been published on the topic. The current work was aimed to provide ancillary analysis to the antidiabetic effects previously reported in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group intervention conducted in patients with prediabetes. Thus, the effect of MO leaves on blood and fecal inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, plasma antioxidant capacity and blood pressure was studied in participants who consumed 6 × 400 mg capsule/day of MO dry leaf powder (MO, n = 31) or placebo (PLC, n = 34) over 12 weeks. Differences between groups were assessed using each biomarker’s change score with, adjustment for fat status and the baseline value. In addition, a decision tree analysis was performed to find individual characteristics influencing the glycemic response to MO supplementation. No differences in the biomarker’s change scores were found between the groups; however, the decision tree analysis revealed that plasma TNF-α was a significant predictor of the subject’s HbA1c response (improvement YES/NO; 77% correct classification) in the MO group. In conclusion, TNF-α seems to be a key factor to identify potential respondents to MO leaf powder.
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Metabolite profiling analysis of plasma, urine, and feces of rats after oral administration of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici preparation through UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS combined with pharmacokinetic study of markers by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3927-3943. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Martins T, Oliveira PA, Pires MJ, Neuparth MJ, Lanzarin G, Félix L, Venâncio C, Pinto MDL, Ferreira J, Gaivão I, Barros AI, Rosa E, Antunes LM. Effect of a Sub-Chronic Oral Exposure of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. Italica) By-Products Flour on the Physiological Parameters of FVB/N Mice: A Pilot Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010120. [PMID: 35010245 PMCID: PMC8750293 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica by-products are a source of natural bioactive molecules such as glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, with potential applications in the nutraceutical and functional food industries. However, the effects of oral sub-chronic exposure to broccoli by-product flour (BF) have not yet been evaluated. The objective of this pilot study was to analyse the effects of BF intake in the physiological parameters of FVB/N mice fed a 6.7% BF-supplemented diet for 21 days. Glucosinolates and their derivatives were also quantified in plasma and urine. BF supplementation significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the accumulation of perirenal adipose tissue. Furthermore, mice supplemented with BF showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) microhematocrit values than control animals, but no impact on the general genotoxicological status nor relevant toxic effects on the liver and kidney were observed. Concerning hepatic and renal antioxidant response, BF supplementation induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels. In BF-supplemented mice, plasma analysis revealed the presence of the glucosinolates glucobrassicin and glucoerucin, and the isothiocyanates sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol. Overall, these results show that daily intake of a high dose of BF during three weeks is safe, and enables the bioavailability of beneficial glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. These results allow further testing of the benefits of this BF in animal models of disease, knowing that exposure of up to 6.7% BF does not present relevant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Alexandra Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Pires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Neuparth
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Germano Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto (UP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - João Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.O.); (M.J.P.); (G.L.); (L.F.); (C.V.); (J.F.); (A.I.B.); (E.R.); (L.M.A.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Martins T, Matos AF, Soares J, Leite R, Pires MJ, Ferreira T, Medeiros-Fonseca B, Rosa E, Oliveira PA, Antunes LM. Comparison of Gelatin Flavors for Oral Dosing of C57BL/6J and FVB/N Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:89-95. [PMID: 34847984 PMCID: PMC8786383 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise oral dosing in rodents is usually achieved by intragastric gavage. If performed incorrectly due to technical difficulties, inexperience, or animal resistance, oral gavage may have animal welfare implications such as esophageal and gastric rupture and aspiration. The stress that is induced by this procedure can also lead to confounding results. In several animal models, drug vehicles must be sugar-free, deliver drugs in a specific formulation, and sometimes supply water. Gelatin has all of these properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the use of gelatin vehicles with different sensory features as an alternative to oral gavage. We investigated the time taken by 2 different inbred mouse strains, FVB/N and C57BL/6J, to ingest sugar-free gelatin pellets of varying flavors. Results showed that FVB/N mice took more time to eat the unflavored, strawberry and diet-flavored gelatin pellets than did C57BL/6J mice. Both strains showed low preference for lemon flavor, with the same ingestion times after the second day. This study showed that the C57BL/6J mice are more likely to eat gelatin than are FVB/N mice, and that the 2 strains of mice show a lower preference for lemon flavoring as compared with other flavors. This method of voluntarily oral administration offers an alternative to gavage for studies that use oral dosing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana F Matos
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Joana Soares
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rúben Leite
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trásos-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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10
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Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Nanoencapsulation of sulforaphane in broccoli membrane vesicles and their in vitro antiproliferative activity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1490-1504. [PMID: 34714214 PMCID: PMC8567929 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of nanocarriers of plant origin, such as plant cell membranes, has recently been investigated. Also, plant bioactive compounds as sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli have recognized antioxidant or anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the capacity of membrane vesicles from broccoli (BM-vesicles) to encapsulate SFN and their application in the cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical analysis was carried out to characterize BM-vesicles through different approaches: dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, stopped-flow analysis, and proteomic analysis. They were applied at different concentrations (BM-vesicles at 0.04-0.00315% of protein and SFN at 5, 25, and 100 µM) in SK-MEL-28 cells during 24 h for studying cytotoxicity and gene expression. RESULTS The entrapment efficiency was 41%. The anticancer activity tested in cells showed a decrease in proliferation when SFN in BM-vesicles was utilized. Expression patterns when SFN was applied in an encapsulated form showed a reduction of cancer markers and an increase of AQP3. Also, the metabolism of SFN occurred inside of cells, and higher SFN penetrated when it was encapsulated. DISCUSSION The results showed that encapsulated SFN was better absorbed by melanoma cells providing metabolism products and a reduction of cancer molecular markers. Also aquaporin, AQP3 was pointed to as an important marker since it appeared to play a key role in homeostasis due to the importance of water transport in biological processes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SFN and SFN encapsulated in BM-vesicles have a high activity for the inhibition of melanocyte development. Therefore, BM-vesicles could serve as nanocarriers for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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11
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Evidence on the Bioaccessibility of Glucosinolates and Breakdown Products of Cruciferous Sprouts by Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011046. [PMID: 34681712 PMCID: PMC8539263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are gaining importance as nutritious and sustainable foods, rich in phytochemical compounds such as glucosinolates (GSLs). However, the breakdown products of these sulfur-based compounds, mainly represented by isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles, can contribute to human health. In the human digestive system, the formation of these compounds continues to varying extents in the different stages of digestion, due to the contact of GSLs with different gastric fluids and enzymes under the physicochemical conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to uncover the effect of gastrointestinal digestion on the release of glucosinolates and their transformation into their bioactive counterparts by applying a simulated in vitro static model on a range of brassica (red radish, red cabbage, broccoli, and mustard) sprouts. In this sense, significantly higher bioaccessibility of ITC and indoles from GSLs of red cabbage sprouts was observed in comparison with broccoli, red radish, and mustard sprouts, due to the aliphatic GSLs proportion present in the different sprouts. This indicates that the bioaccessibility of GSLs from Brasicaceae sprouts is not exclusively associated with the initial content of these compounds in the plant material (almost negligible), but also with the release of GSLs and the ongoing breakdown reactions during the gastric and intestinal phases of digestion, respectively. Additionally, aliphatic GSLs provided higher bioaccessibility of their corresponding ITC in comparison to indolic and aromatic GSLs.
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12
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Current Methods for the Extraction and Analysis of Isothiocyanates and Indoles in Cruciferous Vegetables. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are characterized by the presence of sulfur-containing secondary plant metabolites known as glucosinolates (GLS). The consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, rocket salad, and cauliflower has been related to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Their beneficial effects are attributed to the enzymatic degradation products of GLS, e.g., isothiocyanates and indoles. Owing to these properties, there has been a shift in the last few years towards the research of these compounds and a wide range of methods for their extraction and analytical determination have been developed. The aim of this review is to present the sample preparation and extraction procedures of isothiocyanates and indoles from cruciferous vegetables and the analytical methods for their determination. The majority of the references that have been reviewed are from the last decade. Although efforts towards the application of eco-friendly non-conventional extraction methods have been made, the use of conventional solvent extraction is mainly applied. The major analytical techniques employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of isothiocyanates and indoles are high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with or without mass spectrometry detection. Nevertheless, the analytical determination of isothiocyanates presents several problems due to their instability and the absence of chromophores, making the simultaneous determination of isothiocyanates and indoles a challenging task.
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13
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Shin KO, Park K. A Newly Developed HPLC-UV/Vis Method Using Chemical Derivatization with 2-Naphthalenethiol for Quantitation of Sulforaphane in Rat Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:5473. [PMID: 34576944 PMCID: PMC8467300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, has received significant attention because of its ability to modulate multiple biological functions, including anti-carcinogenic properties. However, currently available analytical methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/Vis for the quantification of SFN have a number of limitations, e.g., low UV absorbance, sensitivity, or accuracy, due to the lack of a chromophore for spectrometric detection. Therefore, we here employed the analytical derivatization procedure using 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT) to improve the detectability of SFN, followed by HPLC separation and quantification with UV/Vis detection. The optimal derivatization conditions were carried out with 0.3 M of 2-NT in acetonitrile with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) by incubation at 37 °C for 60 min. Separation was performed in reverse phase mode using a Kinetex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase A, and acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid solution as a mobile phase B with a gradient elution, with a detection wavelength of 234 nm. The method was validated over a linear range of 10-2000 ng/mL with a correlation of determination (R2) > 0.999 using weighted linear regression analysis. The intra- and inter-assay accuracy (% of nominal value) and precision (% of relative standard deviation) were within ±10 and <15%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity, recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and short-term and long-term stabilities of this method were within acceptable limits. Finally, we applied this method for studying in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) following oral administration of SFN at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. The Cmax (μg/mL), Tmax (hour), and AUC0-12h (μg·h/mL) of each oral dose were 0.92, 1.99, and 4.88 and 1.67, 1.00, and 9.85, respectively. Overall, the proposed analytical method proved to be reliable and applicable for quantification of SFN in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- LaSS Lipid Institute (LLI), LaSS Inc., Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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14
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Almushayti AY, Brandt K, Carroll MA, Scotter MJ. Current analytical methods for determination of glucosinolates in vegetables and human tissues. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462060. [PMID: 33770631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated the potential effects of glucosinolates and their metabolites against cancer as well as other non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. However, information on the presence and quantity of glucosinolates in commonly consumed vegetables and in human fluids is sparse, largely because well-standardised methods for glucosinolate determination are not available, resulting in published data being inconsistent and conflicting. Thus, studies published since 2002 on the most recent developments of glucosinolate extraction and identification have been collected and reviewed with emphasis on determination of the intact glucosinolates by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This overview highlights the glucosinolate extraction methods used, the stability of glucosinolates during extraction, the availability of stable isotope labelled internal standards and the use of NMR for purity analysis, as well as the current analytical techniques that have been applied for glucosinolate analysis, e.g. liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). It aims to interpret the findings with a focus on the development of a validated method, which will help to determine the glucosinolate content of vegetative plants and human tissues, and the identification and determination of selected glucosinolate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albatul Y Almushayti
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Qassim University, Qassim, KSA.
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Michael A Carroll
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences-Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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15
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Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Giménez MJ, Zapata PJ, Valero D, García-Viguera C. The development of a broccoli supplemented beer allows obtaining a valuable dietary source of sulforaphane. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Medina S, Domínguez-Perles R, Auñón D, Moine E, Durand T, Crauste C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Targeted Lipidomics Profiling Reveals the Generation of Hydroxytyrosol-Fatty Acids in Hydroxytyrosol-Fortified Oily Matrices: New Analytical Methodology and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7789-7799. [PMID: 32603105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipophenols have been stressed as an emerging class of functional compounds. However, little is known about their diversity. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a new method for the extraction, cleanup, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS)-based analysis of the lipophenols derived from hydroxytyrosol (HT): α-linolenic (HT-ALA), linoleic acid (HT-LA), and oleic acid (HT-OA). The method validated provides reliable analytical data and practical applications. It was applied to an array of oily (extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil, flaxseed oil, grapeseed oil, and margarine) and aqueous (pineapple juice) matrices, nonfortified and fortified with HT. Also, the present work reported the formation of fatty acid esters of HT (HT-FAs) that seem to be closely dependent on the fatty acid profile of the food matrix, encouraging the further exploration of the theoretical basis for the generation of HT-FAs, as well as their contribution to the healthy attributions of plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - David Auñón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia, UCAM, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n., 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Espérance Moine
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Crauste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia, UCAM, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n., 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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17
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Koper JEB, Kortekaas M, Loonen LMP, Huang Z, Wells JM, Gill CIR, Pourshahidi LK, McDougall G, Rowland I, Pereira-Caro G, Fogliano V, Capuano E. Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor activation during in vitro and in vivo digestion of raw and cooked broccoli (brassica oleracea var. Italica). Food Funct 2020; 11:4026-4037. [PMID: 32323699 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli is rich in glucosinolates, which can be converted upon chewing and processing into Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) ligands. Activation of AhR plays an important role in overall gut homeostasis but the role of broccoli processing on the generation of AhR ligands is still largely unknown. In this study, the effects of temperature, cooking method (steaming versus boiling), gastric pH and further digestion of broccoli on AhR activation were investigated in vitro and in ileostomy subjects. For the in vitro study, raw, steamed (t = 3 min and t = 6 min) and boiled (t = 3 min and t = 6 min) broccoli were digested in vitro with different gastric pH. In the in vivo ileostomy study, 8 subjects received a broccoli soup or a broccoli soup plus an exogenous myrosinase source. AhR activation was measured in both in vitro and in vivo samples by using HepG2-Lucia™ AhR reporter cells. Cooking broccoli reduced the AhR activation measured after gastric digestion in vitro, but no effect of gastric pH was found. Indole AhR ligands were not detected or detected at very low levels both after intestinal in vitro digestion and in the ileostomy patient samples, which resulted in no AhR activation. This suggests that the evaluation of the relevance of glucosinolates for AhR modulation in the gut cannot prescind from the way broccoli is processed, and that broccoli consumption does not necessarily produce substantial amounts of AhR ligands in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna E B Koper
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology & Food Sciences, The Netherlands.
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18
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Measuring Sulforaphane and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma: A High Throughput Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040829. [PMID: 32070059 PMCID: PMC7070302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing understanding of the potential health benefits of cruciferous vegetables. In particular sulforaphane (SFN), found in broccoli, and its metabolites sulforaphane-glutathione (SFN-GSH), sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys), sulforaphane cysteine-glycine (SFN-CG) and sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine (SFN-NAC) have potent antioxidant effects that may offer therapeutic value. Clinical investigation of sulforaphane as a therapeutic antioxidant requires a sensitive and high throughput process for quantification of sulforaphane and metabolites; (2) Methods: We collected plasma samples from healthy human volunteers before and for eight hours after consumption of a commercial broccoli extract supplement rich in sulforaphane. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) has been developed; (3) Results: The LC–MS analytical method was validated at concentrations ranging between 3.9 nM and 1000 nM for SFN-GSH, SFN-CG, SFN-Cys and SFN-NAC and between 7.8 nM and 1000 nM in human plasma for SFN. The method displayed good accuracy (1.85%–14.8% bias) and reproducibility (below 9.53 %RSD) including low concentrations 3.9 nM and 7.8 nM. Four SFN metabolites quantitation was achieved using external standard calibration and in SFN quantitation, SFN-d8 internal standardization was used. The reported method can accurately quantify sulforaphane and its metabolites at low concentrations in plasma; (4) Conclusions: We have established a time- and cost-efficient method of measuring sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma suitable for high throughput application to clinical trials.
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Villaño D, López-Chillón MT, Zafrilla P, Moreno DA. Bioavailability of broccoli sprouts in different human overweight populations. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Vanduchova A, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. Isothiocyanate from Broccoli, Sulforaphane, and Its Properties. J Med Food 2019; 22:121-126. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Vanduchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Zhang J, Manna PP, Daglia M, Atanasov AG, Battino M. Dietary phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: A focus on the molecular mechanisms involved. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 38:107322. [PMID: 30476540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cancer type and leading cause of death. Unfortunately, current medical treatments are not sufficient due to lack of effective therapy, adverse side effects, chemoresistance and disease recurrence. In recent decades, epidemiologic observations have highlighted the association between the ingestion of several phytochemical-enriched foods and nutrients and the lower risk of CRC. According to preclinical studies, dietary phytochemicals exert chemopreventive effects on CRC by regulating different markers and signaling pathways; additionally, the gut microbiota plays a role as vital effector in CRC onset and progression, therefore, any dietary alterations in it may affect CRC occurrence. A high number of studies have displayed a key role of growth factors and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC. Indeed, the efficiency of dietary phytochemicals to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of different molecular targets, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK (p38, JNK and Erk1/2), EGFR/Kras/Braf, TGF-β/Smad2/3, STAT1-STAT3, NF-кB, Nrf2 and cyclin-CDK complexes, has been proven, whereby many of these targets also represent the backbone of modern drug discovery programs. Furthermore, epigenetic analysis showed modified or reversed aberrant epigenetic changes exerted by dietary phytochemicals that led to possible CRC prevention or treatment. Therefore, our aim is to discuss the effects of some common dietary phytochemicals that might be useful in CRC as preventive or therapeutic agents. This review will provide new guidance for research, in order to identify the most studied phytochemicals, their occurrence in foods and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals for the prevention or treatment of CRC by targeting several genes and signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic modifications. In addition, the results obtained by recent investigations aimed at improving the production of these phytochemicals in genetically modified plants have been reported. Overall, clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research so as to provide additional insights for human prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Piera Pia Manna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Atanas Georgiev Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec 05-552, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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López-Chillón MT, Carazo-Díaz C, Prieto-Merino D, Zafrilla P, Moreno DA, Villaño D. Effects of long-term consumption of broccoli sprouts on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:745-752. [PMID: 29573889 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Broccoli sprouts represent an interesting choice of healthy food product as they are rich in glucosinolates and their cognate bioactive metabolites, isothiocyanates able to counteract the negative effects of diverse pathologies. As obesity is linked to an inflammatory component, the aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of broccoli sprouts in overweight adult subjects. METHODS An in vivo controlled study was performed in 40 healthy overweight subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT 03390855). Treatment phase consisted on the consumption of broccoli sprouts (30 g/day) during 10 weeks and the follow-up phase of 10 weeks of normal diet without consumption of these broccoli sprouts. Anthropometric parameters as body fat mass, body weight, and BMI were determined. Inflammation status was assessed by measuring levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and C-reactive protein. RESULTS IL-6 levels significantly decreased (mean values from 4.76 pg/mL to 2.11 pg/mL with 70 days of broccoli consumption, p < 0.001) and during control phase the inflammatory levels were maintained at low grade (mean values from 1.20 pg/mL to 2.66 pg/mL, p < 0.001). C-reactive protein significantly decreased as well. CONCLUSIONS This study represents an advance in intervention studies as the broccoli sprouts were included in a daily dietary pattern in quantities that reflect a real consumption. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of this healthy rich and nutritious food product, but these promising results support the current evidence on the healthy properties of Brassica varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa López-Chillón
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Carazo-Díaz
- Applied Statistical Methods in Medical Research Group, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - David Prieto-Merino
- Applied Statistical Methods in Medical Research Group, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Zafrilla
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab. Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Campus de Espinardo - 25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Débora Villaño
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de los Jerónimos 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
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Garcia-Aloy M, Rabassa M, Casas-Agustench P, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Llorach R, Andres-Lacueva C. Novel strategies for improving dietary exposure assessment: Multiple-data fusion is a more accurate measure than the traditional single-biomarker approach. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Baenas N, Suárez-Martínez C, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA. Bioavailability and new biomarkers of cruciferous sprouts consumption. Food Res Int 2017; 100:497-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Kokotou MG, Revelou PK, Pappas C, Constantinou-Kokotou V. High resolution mass spectrometry studies of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in broccoli. Food Chem 2017; 237:566-573. [PMID: 28764036 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Among them, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol have attracted a lot of attention, since their consumption is associated with reduced risk of cancer. In this work, the development of an efficient and direct method for the simultaneous determination of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in broccoli using UPLC-HRMS/MS is described. The correlation coefficient, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.993, 0.77mg/L and 2.35mg/L for sulforaphane and 0.997, 0.42mg/L, 1.29mg/L for indole-3-carbinol, respectively. The content of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol varied between 72±9-304±2mg and 77±1-117±3mg per 100g of fresh florets, respectively. Taking into consideration the differences in cultivar, geography, season and environmental factors, the results agreed with values published in the literature using other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroula G Kokotou
- Chemical Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pappas
- Chemical Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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26
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Zhang J, Zhang R, Zhan Z, Li X, Zhou F, Xing A, Jiang C, Chen Y, An L. Beneficial Effects of Sulforaphane Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease May Be Mediated through Reduced HDAC1/3 and Increased P75NTR Expression. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:121. [PMID: 28507518 PMCID: PMC5410605 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The accumulation of Aβ in the brain is thought to play a causative role in the development of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The p75 neurotrophin receptor is of great importance to protect against the Aβ burden and its expression is regulated by histone acetylation. This study investigated whether the phytochemical sulforaphane, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, up-regulates the p75 neurotrophin receptor expression via affecting histone acetylation in protection against Alzheimer's disease. We found that sulforaphane ameliorated behavioral cognitive impairments and attenuated brain Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Additionally, sulforaphane reduced the expression of histone deacetylase1, 2, and 3, up-regulated p75 neurotrophin receptor, and increased levels of acetylated histone 3 lysine 9 and acetylated histone 4 lysine 12 in the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease model mice as well as in Aβ-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, silencing of histone deacetylase1 and 3, but not histone deacetylase2, gene expression with small interfering RNA caused up-regulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sulforaphane can ameliorate neurobehavioral deficits and reduce the Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease model mice, and the mechanism underlying these effects may be associated with up-regulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor mediated, apparently at least in part, via reducing the expression of histone deacetylase1 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Aiping Xing
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Congmin Jiang
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Li An
- School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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27
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Baenas N, González-Trujano ME, Guadarrama-Enríquez O, Pellicer F, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA. Broccoli sprouts in analgesia – preclinical in vivo studies. Food Funct 2017; 8:167-176. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts produce significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity involving an opioid mechanism without sedative or gastric damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products
- Neuroscience Research Department
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”
- México
- Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products
- Neuroscience Research Department
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”
- México
- Mexico
| | - Omar Guadarrama-Enríquez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products
- Neuroscience Research Department
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”
- México
- Mexico
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products
- Neuroscience Research Department
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”
- México
- Mexico
| | | | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry Lab
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- CEBAS-CSIC
- 30100 Murcia
- Spain
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28
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Vanduchova A, Tomankova V, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. Influence of Sulforaphane Metabolites on Activities of Human Drug-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450 and Determination of Sulforaphane in Human Liver Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:1141-1146. [PMID: 27779894 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of metabolites of sulforaphane, natural compounds present in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis italica) and in other cruciferous vegetables, on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes and possible entry of sulforaphane into human hepatic cells were investigated. Metabolites studied are compounds derived from sulforaphane by the mercapturic acid pathway (conjugation with glutathione and by following reactions), namely sulforaphane glutathione and sulforaphane cysteine conjugates and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine. Their possible effect on four drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 (midazolam 1'-hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation), CYP1A2 (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), and CYP2B6 (7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin O-deethylation), was tested. Inhibition of four prototypical CYP activities by sulforaphane metabolites was studied in pooled human liver microsomes. Sulforaphane metabolites did not considerably affect biological function of drug-metabolizing CYPs in human liver microsomes except for CYP2D6, which was found to be inhibited down to 73-78% of the original activity. Analysis of the entry of sulforaphane into human hepatocytes was done by cell disruption by sonication, methylene chloride extraction, and modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results have shown penetration of sulforaphane into the human hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Vanduchova
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomankova
- 2 Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- 2 Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc , Czech Republic
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29
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Metabolic Activity of Radish Sprouts Derived Isothiocyanates in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:251. [PMID: 26901196 PMCID: PMC4783981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study the absorption, metabolism and potential health benefits of plant bioactives derived from radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus cv. Rambo), a Brassicaceae species rich in glucosinolates and other phytochemicals. Flies were subjected to a diet supplemented with lyophilized radish sprouts (10.6 g/L) for 10 days, containing high amounts of glucoraphenin and glucoraphasatin, which can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase to the isothiocyanates sulforaphene and raphasatin, respectively. We demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster takes up and metabolizes isothiocyanates from radish sprouts through the detection of the metabolite sulforaphane-cysteine in fly homogenates. Moreover, we report a decrease in the glucose content of flies, an upregulation of spargel expression, the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian PPARγ-coactivator 1 α, as well as the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. Overall, we show that the consumption of radish sprouts affects energy metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster which is reflected by lower glucose levels and an increased expression of spargel, a central player in mitochondrial biogenesis. These processes are often affected in chronic diseases associated with aging, including type II diabetes mellitus.
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30
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Ares AM, Ayuso I, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Trace analysis of sulforaphane in bee pollen and royal jelly by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Franco P, Spinozzi S, Pagnotta E, Lazzeri L, Ugolini L, Camborata C, Roda A. Development of a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of intact glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in Brassicaceae seeds and functional foods. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Ong C, Elbarbry F. A new validated HPLC method for the determination of sulforaphane: application to study pharmacokinetics of sulforaphane in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:1016-1021. [PMID: 26542340 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of sulforaphane (SF) in rat plasma. The method involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure to extract both SF and 7-hyrdoxycoumarin, the internal standard. The chromatographic analysis was achieved on a Shimadzu LC 20A HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mm KH2 PO4 (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile HPLC grade (40:60, v/v) run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 10 min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 202 nm. The method exhibited good linearity (R(2) > 0.999) over the assayed concentration range (0.05-2 μg/mL) and demonstrated good intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations and the deviation from predicted values were <15%). This method was also successfully applied for studying the pharmacokinetics of SF in spontaneously hypertensive rats following single oral dietary doses of SF. The pharmacokinetics of SF show linear behavior at the dose range investigated in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
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33
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Qi T, Xu F, Yan X, Li S, Li H. Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:182-8. [PMID: 26531002 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl sulfonyl butane) is a plant extract (obtained from cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage) and is known to exert anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It stimulates the generation of human or animal cells, which is beneficial to the body. The aim of the current study was to determine whether sulforaphane protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced acute lung injury (ALI) through its anti-inflammatory effects, and to investigate the signaling pathways involved. For this purpose, male BALB/c mice were treated with sulforaphane (50 mg/kg) and 3 days later, ALI was induced by the administration of LPS (5 mg/kg) and we thus established the model of ALI. Our results revealed that sulforaphane significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (as shown by LDH assay), the wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs and the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (measured by ELISA), as well as nuclear factor-κB protein expression in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, treatment with sulforaphane significantly inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein expression (as shown by western blot analysis), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in mice with LPS-induced ALI. Lastly, we noted that pre-treatment with sulforaphane activated the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in the mice with LPS-induced ALI. These findings demonstrate that sulforaphane exerts protective effects against LPS-induced ALI through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Thus, sulforaphane may be a potential a candidate for use in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jin Zhou People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei 052260, P.R. China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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34
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method to determine sulforaphane in honey. Food Chem 2015; 181:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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The intake of broccoli sprouts modulates the inflammatory and vascular prostanoids but not the oxidative stress-related isoprostanes in healthy humans. Food Chem 2014; 173:1187-94. [PMID: 25466142 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence supports the positive association between the consumption of plant foods and health. In this work, we assessed the effect of consuming a half-serving (30 g) or one serving (60 g) of broccoli sprouts on the urinary concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress (isoprostanes) and inflammation (prostaglandins and thromboxanes). Twenty-four volunteers participated in the project. A quantitative determination of sulforaphane and its mercapturic derivatives, eicosanoids, and total vitamin C in urine was performed. The intake of broccoli sprouts produced an increase in the urinary concentrations of sulforaphane metabolites and vitamin C. Among the 13 eicosanoids analyzed, tetranor-PGEM and 11β-PGF2α as well as 11-dehydro-TXB2 showed a significant decrease in their urinary concentrations after the ingestion of broccoli sprouts. Therefore, the consumption of broccoli sprouts modulated the excretion of biomarkers linked to inflammation and vascular reactions without exerting a significant influence on the oxidation of phospholipids in vivo.
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