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Maazou ARS, Adetimirin VO, Gedil M, Meseka S, Mengesha W, Menkir A. Suitability of testers to characterize provitamin a content and agronomic performance of tropical maize inbred lines. Front Genet 2022; 13:955420. [PMID: 36003335 PMCID: PMC9394681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency poses health risks for children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Southeast Asia. Provitamin A–biofortified maize varieties can contribute to minimizing the adverse effects of vitamin A deficiency in areas where maize is a staple food crop. Identifying suitable testers is important to breed provitamin A–biofortified hybrid maize. This study was therefore conducted to 1) assess the suitability of maize inbred lines with contrasting levels of provitamin A (one with high and one with low provitamin A concentration) to assess the combining ability of maize inbred lines in accumulating provitamin A and other carotenoids, and grain yield, 2) confirm the mode of inheritance of provitamin A and grain yield, and 3) identify promising inbred lines with desirable combining ability effects for use to develop high-yielding provitamin A–biofortified hybrids. The inbreds crossed to the two inbred testers were evaluated in four environments for the carotenoid content and eight environments for the agronomic performance. The combined analysis of variance revealed a significant genetic variation among the testcrosses for all carotenoids, grain yield, and other agronomic traits. The mode of inheritance for grain yield, other agronomic traits, provitamin A, and other carotenoids was regulated by both additive and non-additive gene effects with a prominence of additive gene effects. The high provitamin A tester that displayed positive GCA effects for β-carotene and provitamin A content, broader agronomic performance of testcrosses, and higher levels of provitamin A in testcrosses can be considered suitable for breeding programs developing provitamin A–biofortified hybrids. The inbred lines TZI2012, TZI2142, TZI2130, TZI2065-2, TZI2161, TZI2025, TZI1278, TZI1314, TZI1304, and TZI2032 with positive GCA effects for grain yield and provitamin A content could be used as parental lines to develop source population of new inbred lines and high-yielding hybrids with elevated levels of provitamin A. The best performing hybrids are promising for release as high-yielding provitamin A maize hybrids after further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul-Raouf Sayadi Maazou
- Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victor O. Adetimirin
- Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wende Mengesha
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Abebe Menkir,
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Azmach G, Gedil M, Spillane C, Menkir A. Combining Ability and Heterosis for Endosperm Carotenoids and Agronomic Traits in Tropical Maize Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674089. [PMID: 34567019 PMCID: PMC8458911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Provitamin A enrichment of staple crops through biofortification breeding is a powerful approach to mitigate the public health problem of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Twenty-four genetically diverse yellow and orange endosperm maize inbred lines with differing levels of provitamin A content were used for the analysis of their combining ability. Each inbred line was developed from crosses and backcrosses between temperate and tropical germplasm. The inbred lines were grouped into different sets according to their provitamin A levels and were then intercrossed in a factorial mating scheme to generate 80 different single-cross hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in field trials across a range of agroecological zones in Nigeria. The effect of hybrids was significant on all the measured provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids and agronomic traits. While the effect of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction was significant for almost all traits, it was a non-crossover-type interaction for carotenoid content. Partitioning of the variances associated with the carotenoid and agronomic traits into their respective components revealed the presence of significant positive and negative estimates of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for both carotenoid content and agronomic traits. The preponderance of GCA effects indicates the importance of additive gene effects in the inheritance of carotenoid content. We found F1 hybrids displaying high parent heterosis for both provitamin A content and agronomic performance. Our study demonstrates that provitamin A biofortification can be effectively implemented in maize breeding programs without adverse effects on important agronomic traits, including grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Azmach
- Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Melaku Gedil
- Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abebe Menkir
- Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Menkir A, Dieng I, Mengesha W, Meseka S, Maziya-Dixon B, Alamu OE, Bossey B, Muhyideen O, Ewool M, Coulibaly MM. Unravelling the Effect of Provitamin A Enrichment on Agronomic Performance of Tropical Maize Hybrids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081580. [PMID: 34451625 PMCID: PMC8398423 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize is consumed in different traditional diets as a source of macro- and micro-nutrients across Africa. Significant investment has thus been made to develop maize with high provitamin A content to complement other interventions for alleviating vitamin A deficiencies. The current breeding focus on increasing β-carotene levels to develop biofortified maize may affect the synthesis of other beneficial carotenoids. The changes in carotenoid profiles, which are commonly affected by environmental factors, may also lead to a trade-off with agronomic performance. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate provitamin A biofortified maize hybrids across diverse field environments. The results showed that the difference in accumulating provitamin A and other beneficial carotenoids across variable growing environments was mainly regulated by the genetic backgrounds of the hybrids. Many hybrids, accumulating more than 10 µg/g of provitamin A, produced higher grain yields (>3600 kg/ha) than the orange commercial maize hybrid (3051 kg/ha). These hybrids were also competitive, compared to the orange commercial maize hybrid, in accumulating lutein and zeaxanthins. Our study showed that breeding for enhanced provitamin A content had no adverse effect on grain yield in the biofortified hybrids evaluated in the regional trials. Furthermore, the results highlighted the possibility of developing broadly adapted hybrids containing high levels of beneficial carotenoids for commercialization in areas with variable maize growing conditions in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibnou Dieng
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Wende Mengesha
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Silvestro Meseka
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Bussie Maziya-Dixon
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Bunmi Bossey
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan PMP 5320, Nigeria; (I.D.); (W.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.-D.); (O.E.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Oyekunle Muhyideen
- Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria PMB 1044, Nigeria;
| | - Manfred Ewool
- Crop Research Institute, Kumasi P.O. Box 3789, Ghana;
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Marker based enrichment of provitamin A content in two tropical maize synthetics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14998. [PMID: 34294860 PMCID: PMC8298388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in developing countries have low content of micronutrients including vitamin A. As a result, people who are largely dependent on cereal-based diets suffer from health challenges due to micronutrient deficiencies. Marker assisted recurrent selection (MARS), which increases the frequency of favorable alleles with advances in selection cycle, could be used to enhance the provitamin A (PVA) content of maize. This study was carried out to determine changes in levels of PVA carotenoids and genetic diversity in two maize synthetics that were subjected to two cycles of MARS. The two populations, known as HGA and HGB, and their advanced selection cycles (C1 and C2) were evaluated at Ibadan in Nigeria. Selection increased the concentrations of β-carotene, PVA and total carotenoids across cycles in HGA, while in HGB only α-carotene increased with advances in selection cycle. β-cryptoxanthine increased at C1 but decreased at C2 in HGB. The levels of β-carotene, PVA, and total carotenoids increased by 40%, 30% and 36% respectively, in HGA after two cycles of selection. α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthine content improved by 20% and 5%, respectively after two cycles of selection in HGB. MARS caused changes in genetic diversity over selection cycles. Number of effective alleles and observed heterozygosity decreased with selection cycles, while expected heterozygosity increased at C1 and decreased at C2 in HGA. In HGB, number of effective alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity increased at C1 and decreased at C2. In both populations, fixation index increased after two cycle of selections. The greatest part of the genetic variability resides within the population accounting for 86% of the total genetic variance. In general, MARS effectively improved PVA carotenoid content. However, genetic diversity in the two synthetics declined after two cycles of selection.
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Saenz E, Borrás L, Gerde JA. Carotenoid profiles in maize genotypes with contrasting kernel hardness. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lux PE, Schneider J, Müller F, Wiedmaier-Czerny N, Vetter W, Weiß TM, Würschum T, Frank J. Location and Variety but Not Phosphate Starter Fertilization Influence the Profiles of Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Tocochromanols in Kernels of Modern Corn ( Zea mays L.) Hybrids Cultivated in Germany. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2845-2854. [PMID: 33646789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is a limiting plant nutrient and essential for corn growth and development. Thus, the impact of phosphate fertilization, location, and the variety of modern corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids on the profiles of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols (vitamin E) was assessed in corn grains. Eight different corn hybrids were grown with (52.9 kg of phosphorus per ha) or without starter fertilizer at three experimental sites in Germany. Location (p < 0.05) and genetics (p < 0.001) but not phosphate fertilization significantly altered the concentrations of individual saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols. Significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects on the concentrations were mainly observed between the variety and the location. In conclusion, the choice of the corn variety had a more significant impact on the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocochromanols than the location or phosphate application on phosphate-sufficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jeanine Schneider
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Wiedmaier-Czerny
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thea M Weiß
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Würschum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Elemosho AO, Irondi EA, Alamu EO, Ajani EO, Maziya-Dixon B, Menkir A. Characterization of Striga-Resistant Yellow-Orange Maize Hybrids for Bioactive, Carbohydrate, and Pasting Properties. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.585865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the bioactive constituents and physicochemical components in cereals can provide insights into their potential health benefits and food applications. This study evaluated some bioactive constituents, carbohydrate profiles and pasting properties of 16 Striga-resistant hybrids, with yellow-orange kernel color and semi-flint to flint kernel texture, grown in two replications at two field locations in Nigeria. Carotenoids were quantified using HPLC, while other analyses were carried out using standard laboratory methods. The ranges of major carotenoids (μg/g) across the two locations varied from 2.6 to 9.6 for lutein, from 2.1 to 9.7 for zeaxanthin, from 0.8 to 2.9 for β-cryptoxanthin, from 1.4 to 4.1 for β-carotene; with total xanthophylls and provitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) ranging from 5.4 to 17.1 and 1.4 to 4.1 μg/g, respectively. Tannins content ranged from 2.1 to 7.3 mg/g, while phytate ranged from 0.4 to 7.1%. Starch, free sugar, amylose and amylopectin ranged from 40.1 to 88.9%, 1.09 to 6.5%, 15.0 to 34.1%, and 65.9 to 85.0%, respectively. Peak and final viscosities ranged from 57.8 to 114.9 and 120.3 to 261.6 Rapid Visco Units (RVU), respectively. Total xanthophylls, β-carotene, tannins, phytate, sugar, amylose and amylopectin levels, as well as peak and final viscosities, varied significantly (p < 0.05) across the hybrids. Amylose was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with total xanthophylls, β-carotene, pVAC, phytate and pasting temperature (r = 0.3, 0.3, 0.4, 0.3, 0.3, respectively), but starch significantly correlated with tannins (r = 0.3). Hence, the Striga-resistant yellow-orange maize hybrids have a good combination of bioactive constituents, carbohydrate profile and pasting properties, which are partly influenced by hybrid.
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Obeng‐Bio E, Badu‐Apraku B, Ifie BE, Danquah A, Blay ET, Dadzie MA. Assessing inbred-hybrid relationships for developing drought-tolerant provitamin A-quality protein maize hybrids. AGRONOMY JOURNAL 2020; 112:3549-3566. [PMID: 33303994 PMCID: PMC7693075 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought-tolerant early-maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with high levels of provitamin A (PVA) and quality protein (QPM) are urgently needed for development of superior hybrids to mitigate malnutrition and to intensify maize production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study was designed to identify early-maturing inbred lines with combined tolerance to drought, elevated tryptophan, and PVA contents; to examine inbred-hybrid relationships for tryptophan and PVA accumulation; and to select hybrids with outstanding grain yield (GY) performance. A total of 64 inbred lines and six checks, plus 96 hybrids and four checks, were evaluated under drought and well-watered environments in Nigeria for 2 yr. Eighteen parental lines and 54 derived hybrids were assayed for tryptophan and PVA contents. Ten drought-tolerant inbred lines with high tryptophan and elevated PVA levels were identified in the top 10 hybrid combinations across managed drought and well-watered conditions. The inbred-hybrid relationship was significant for GY under each and across the two contrasting environments. Significant average heterosis was found for tryptophan and PVA under well-watered conditions. This indicated that the selected inbred lines could be used for developing high-yielding PVA-QPM hybrids tolerant to drought stress in SSA. The 10 top-performing PVA-QPM hybrids identified are being extensively evaluated in different locations and subsequently in on-farm trials for commercialization throughout SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baffour Badu‐Apraku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)PMB 5320, Oyo RdIbadanNigeria
| | - Beatrice Elohor Ifie
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI)Univ. of GhanaPBM 30 LegonAccraGhana
| | - Agyemang Danquah
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI)Univ. of GhanaPBM 30 LegonAccraGhana
| | - Essie T. Blay
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI)Univ. of GhanaPBM 30 LegonAccraGhana
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Badu‐Apraku B, Fakorede M, Talabi A, Oyekunle M, Aderounmu M, Lum A, Ribeiro P, Adu G, Toyinbo J. Genetic studies of extra-early provitamin-A maize inbred lines and their hybrids in multiple environments. CROP SCIENCE 2020; 60:1325-1345. [PMID: 32612294 PMCID: PMC7318638 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency, drought, low soil nitrogen (low-N), and Striga hermonthica parasitism of maize (Zea mays L.) cause malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine combining abilities of extra-early provitamin A (PVA) lines, classify them into heterotic groups (HGs), identify testers, and determine yield stability of hybrids under contrasting environments in two trials. In Trial 1, 190 F1 hybrids plus six checks were tested under Striga-infested, drought, and stress-free environments in Nigeria from 2015-2017. In Trial 2, 35 extra-early yellow hybrids were evaluated under low-N, Striga-infested, and stress-free environments in 2018. TZEEIOR 202 and TZEEIOR 205 had PVA concentrations of 23.98 and 22.56 μg g-1. TZEEIOR 197 × TZEEIOR 205 (20.1 μg g-1) and TZEEIOR 202 × TZEEIOR 205 (22.7 μg g-1) contained about double the PVA level of the commercial check, TZEEI 58 × TZEE-Y Pop STR C5 (11.4 μg g-1). Both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability variances were significant for most agronomic traits, although GCA was larger than SCA effects, indicating GCA effects primarily controlled the inheritance of those traits. TZEEIOR 97 and TZEEIOR 197 were identified as inbred testers. TZEEIOR 197 × TZEEIOR 205 was identified as a single-cross tester and the most stable and highest-yielding hybrid across environments. TZEEIOR 202 and TZEEIOR 205 should be invaluable resources for breeding for high PVA. Provitamin A level was independent of hybrid yield potential, indicating that selection of superior hybrids with elevated PVA levels should be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Badu‐Apraku
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureP.M.B. 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - M.A.B. Fakorede
- Department of Crop Production and ProtectionObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
| | - A.O. Talabi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureP.M.B. 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - M. Oyekunle
- Department of Plant ScienceInstitute for Agricultural ResearchSamaruAhmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria
| | - M. Aderounmu
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureP.M.B. 5320IbadanNigeria
| | - A.F. Lum
- C/o Bells University of TechnologyNigeria
| | - P.F. Ribeiro
- CSIR– Crops Research InstituteCereals DivisionFumesuaKumasiGhana
| | - G.B. Adu
- CSIR– Savanna Agricultural Research InstituteTamaleGhana
| | - J.O. Toyinbo
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureP.M.B. 5320IbadanNigeria
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Gedil M, Menkir A. An Integrated Molecular and Conventional Breeding Scheme for Enhancing Genetic Gain in Maize in Africa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1430. [PMID: 31781144 PMCID: PMC6851238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maize production in West and Central Africa (WCA) is constrained by a wide range of interacting stresses that keep productivity below potential yields. Among the many problems afflicting maize production in WCA, drought, foliar diseases, and parasitic weeds are the most critical. Several decades of efforts devoted to the genetic improvement of maize have resulted in remarkable genetic gain, leading to increased yields of maize on farmers' fields. The revolution unfolding in the areas of genomics, bioinformatics, and phenomics is generating innovative tools, resources, and technologies for transforming crop breeding programs. It is envisaged that such tools will be integrated within maize breeding programs, thereby advancing these programs and addressing current and future challenges. Accordingly, the maize improvement program within International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) is undergoing a process of modernization through the introduction of innovative tools and new schemes that are expected to enhance genetic gains and impact on smallholder farmers in the region. Genomic tools enable genetic dissections of complex traits and promote an understanding of the physiological basis of key agronomic and nutritional quality traits. Marker-aided selection and genome-wide selection schemes are being implemented to accelerate genetic gain relating to yield, resilience, and nutritional quality. Therefore, strategies that effectively combine genotypic information with data from field phenotyping and laboratory-based analysis are currently being optimized. Molecular breeding, guided by methodically defined product profiles tailored to different agroecological zones and conditions of climate change, supported by state-of-the-art decision-making tools, is pivotal for the advancement of modern, genomics-aided maize improvement programs. Accelerated genetic gain, in turn, catalyzes a faster variety replacement rate. It is critical to forge and strengthen partnerships for enhancing the impacts of breeding products on farmers' livelihood. IITA has well-established channels for delivering its research products/technologies to partner organizations for further testing, multiplication, and dissemination across various countries within the subregion. Capacity building of national agricultural research system (NARS) will facilitate the smooth transfer of technologies and best practices from IITA and its partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Gedil
- Bioscience Center and Maize Improvement Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abebe Menkir
- Maize Improvement Program, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
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O'Callaghan YC, Shevade AV, Guinee TP, O'Connor TP, O'Brien NM. Comparison of the nutritional composition of experimental fermented milk:wheat bulgur blends and commercially available kishk and tarhana products. Food Chem 2019; 278:110-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Ortíz-Islas S, García-Lara S, Preciado-Ortíz RE, Serna-Saldívar SO. Fatty acid composition and proximate analysis of improved high-oil corn double haploid hybrids adapted to subtropical areas. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Gebremeskel S, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Menkir A, Adetimirin V, Gedil M. Effectiveness of predictive markers for marker assisted selection of pro-vitamin A carotenoids in medium-late maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Wen W, Brotman Y, Willmitzer L, Yan J, Fernie AR. Broadening Our Portfolio in the Genetic Improvement of Maize Chemical Composition. Trends Genet 2016; 32:459-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Kljak K, Grbeša D. Carotenoid content and antioxidant activity of hexane extracts from selected Croatian corn hybrids. Food Chem 2014; 167:402-8. [PMID: 25149004 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids, which occur naturally in corn grains, have been associated with reduced risk of degenerative diseases. The aim of this research was to measure the carotenoid content of hexane extracts of six commercial high-yield corn hybrids and determine the relationship between carotenoid content and antioxidant activity. Levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene in hexane extracts were determined using HPLC, and antioxidant activity was assayed using the TEAC system based on the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS(+)), and the TBARS system based on a linoleic acid emulsion. Corn hybrids varied in carotenoid content and antioxidant activity in both assays. Lutein and zeaxanthin were the predominant carotenoids; their levels were 15-fold higher than those of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. Antioxidant activity in both assays increased linearly with total carotenoid content. Lutein and β-carotene were the primary contributors to TEAC activity, while lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were primary contributors to TBARS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Darko Grbeša
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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