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Gaviria G YS, Guerra CM, Zapata M JE. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo antihypertensive evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysates of Californian red worm ( Eisenia fetida) proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25715. [PMID: 38352804 PMCID: PMC10862017 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor concomitant with cardiovascular disease (CVD) states, which is why we set out to evaluate Californian red worm hydrolysates on antihypertensive activity both in vitro, ex vivo, using rabbit aortic rings and in vivo using hypertensive induced rats. The worms were manually separated, washed with water, purged for 4 h with 4 % sodium bicarbonate, sacrificed with 7 % saline, and finally washed with drinking water. The in vitro antihypertensive capacity was performed by measuring angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition; for the ex vivo assays, rabbit aorta was used to measure relaxation; for the in vivo assays, rats with induced hypertension were used to perform acute (hypotension) and chronic assays, using captopril as a control in all assays. With respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, the EC50 value of the worm hydrolysate was found to be 358 ppm; with respect to the analysis in aortic rings, it was found that the mechanisms of action of the hydrolysate are endothelium-dependent, presenting a maximum relaxation of 35 %. With respect to the in vivo assays, the hypotensive test showed that the hydrolysate can reduce blood pressure by up to 32 % in only 2 h, while the chronic analysis showed that the hydrolysate at 150 ppm did not present statistically significant differences with the control (captopril) during the 15 days of analysis. The Red Californian earthworm hydrolysate presents bioactive compounds identified with antihypertensive activities in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in different isolated and animal models. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the hydrolysate to be used as an alternative in the treatment and prevention of hypertension, and it can be implemented in functional foods or nutraceutical foods. Antihypertensive peptides, particularly those that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), hold significant importance in medical research, specifically in the context of cardiovascular disease treatment, particularly hypertension. The focus on these peptides and the potential implications of their results in medical research can be summarized through several key points: 1) Mechanisms of Action-Antihypertensive peptides function by inhibiting ACE or renin, crucial enzymes in blood pressure regulation. 2)Alternatives to Synthetic Drugs, 3) Additional Health Benefits, and various other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhoan S. Gaviria G
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos M. Guerra
- Grupo de investigación GIRYSOUT, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - José E. Zapata M
- Nutrition and Food Technology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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2
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Purohit K, Reddy N, Sunna A. Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1391. [PMID: 38338676 PMCID: PMC10855437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure-activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Purohit
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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3
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Zhang X, Zhao WX, Wang Y, Cheng JH, Bao K, He J, Chen XL. Production of marine bacterial metalloprotease A69 and evaluation of its potential in preparing soybean peptides with angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7153-7163. [PMID: 37338325 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine bacteria secrete a variety of proteases, which are a good source to explore proteases with application value. However, only a few marine bacterial proteases with a potential in bioactive peptides preparation have been reported. RESULTS The metalloprotease A69 from the marine bacterium Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus 1A02591 was successfully expressed in the food safe bacterium Bacillus subtilis as a secreted enzyme. A technique to efficiently produce protease A69 in a 15-L bioreactor was established, with a production of 8988 U mL-1 . Based on optimizing the hydrolysis parameters of A69 on soybean protein, a process for soybean protein peptides (SPs) preparation was set up, in which soybean protein was hydrolyzed by A69 at 4000 U g-1 and 60 °C for 3 h. The prepared SPs had a high content (> 90%) of peptides with a molecular mass less than 3000 Da and contained 18 amino acids. The prepared SPs showed high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 0.135 mg mL-1 . Moreover, three ACE-inhibitory peptides, RPSYT, VLIVP and LAIPVNKP, were identified from the SPs using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. CONCLUSION The marine bacterial metalloprotease A69 has a promising potential for preparing SPs with good nutritional and potential antihypertensive effects, laying a good foundation for its industrial production and application. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Hui Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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4
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The Bioaccessibility of Yak Bone Collagen Hydrolysates: Focus on Analyzing the Variation Regular of Peptides and Free Amino Acids. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051003. [PMID: 36900520 PMCID: PMC10001269 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a bioaccessibility test for yak bone collagen hydrolysates (YBCH) limits their development as functional foods. In this study, simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SD) and absorption (SA) models were utilized to evaluate the bioaccessibility of YBCH for the first time. The variation in peptides and free amino acids was primarily characterized. There was no significant alteration in the concentration of peptides during the SD. The transport rate of peptides through the Caco-2 cell monolayers was 22.14 ± 1.58%. Finally, a total of 440 peptides were identified, more than 75% of them with lengths ranging from 7 to 15. The peptide identification indicated that about 77% of the peptides in the beginning sample still existed after the SD, and about 76% of the peptides in the digested YBCH could be observed after the SA. These results suggested that most peptides in the YBCH resist gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. After the in silico prediction, seven typical bioavailable bioactive peptides were screened out and they exhibited multi-type bioactivities in vitro. This is the first study to characterize the changes in peptides and amino acids in the YBCH during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, and provides a foundation for analyzing the mechanism of YBCH's bioactivities.
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5
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Role of structural properties of bioactive peptides in their stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion: A systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of yak bone collagen hydrolysates and insights into its effects on gut microbiota composition in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li J, Su J, Chen M, Chen J, Ding W, Li Y, Yin H. Two novel potent ACEI peptides isolated from Pinctada fucata meat hydrolysates using in silico analysis: identification, screening and inhibitory mechanisms. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12172-12182. [PMID: 35423777 PMCID: PMC8696521 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discover potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from Pinctada fucata (P. fucata) for treating hypertension and to characterize them using in silico analysis. The P. fucata proteins were hydrolyzed by Alcalase®, a serine endopeptidase with broad selectivity, at various times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACEI activity of the different hydrolysates were measured. Considering the molecular weight and ACEI activity, the 10 h hydrolysate was purified by a series of traditional separation methods, including ultrafiltration, gel G-25 chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with ACEI activity as a guide. The results showed two fractions, C17 and C18, eluted by means of semi-preparative RP-HPLC, and showed the highest ACEI activities of 80.33 ± 2.70% and 81.66 ± 0.29%, respectively, at 1 mg mL-1. The two fractions were then identified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and their MS/MS spectra data were subjected to de novo sequencing. Subsequently, the potential ACEI peptides were screened by in silico methods, namely, to analyze the average local confidence (ALC) value obtained from the sequencing software and the P-value from the Pepsite 2. In total, 13 potential ACEI peptide sequences were obtained and identified from the two fractions by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and two novel tetrapeptides, FRVW (607.3314 Da) and LPYY (555.2881 Da), were screened for synthesis according to the in silico analysis. The in vitro ACEI tests indicated that FRVW and LPYY had IC50 values of 18.34 and 116.26 μM, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that FRVW was a noncompetitive inhibitor, and LPYY was shown to be a mixed-mode type inhibitor. A stability study against ACE indicated that both peptides were hydrolyzed by ACE to some extent, the higher ACEI activity following incubation with ACE indicating that they should be classified as pro-drug substrates. Molecular docking results showed that hydrophobic amino acids (HAAs) within peptides formed vital interactions including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces and Pi-Pi interactions with ACE residues, which stabilized the enzyme-peptide complex. Furthermore, the docking results accorded with the inhibition kinetic mode. Our study demonstrated that FRVW and LPYY isolated from P. fucata have potential applications as antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jilei Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028 China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028 China
| | - Wenping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanqun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China
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8
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Pei J, Hua Y, Zhou T, Gao X, Dang Y, Wang Y. Transport, In Vivo Antihypertensive Effect, and Pharmacokinetics of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptide LVLPGE. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2149-2156. [PMID: 33560131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide LVLPGE provides outstanding antihypertensive effects in vivo, with a maximum systolic blood pressure (SBP) drop of 39 mmHg at a dose of 10 mg/kg. We evaluated the gastrointestinal digestion, transport, and in vivo antihypertensive effects of LVLPGE at different doses. LVLPGE was resistant to gastrointestinal enzymes with a stability of 97.8% and a permeability Papp of (5.09 ± 0.94) × 10-7 cm/s. LVLPGE was mainly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer by the peptide transporter PepT 1 and passive-mediated transport. LVLPGE at doses of 30 and 50 mg/kg had a positive antihypertensive effect in vivo; 30 mg/kg had a more significant effect than 50 mg/kg. After oral administration, the pharmacokinetics of LVLPGE showed that the Cmax was 4.65 ng/mL at 2 min. The blood pressure-lowering effect increased as the concentration of LVLPGE increased in the plasma of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchang Gao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Zhejiang Teley Biotech Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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Kaur A, Kehinde BA, Sharma P, Sharma D, Kaur S. Recently isolated food-derived antihypertensive hydrolysates and peptides: A review. Food Chem 2020; 346:128719. [PMID: 33339686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease characterized by elevated blood pressure, and a prominent metabolic syndrome of modern age. Food-borne bioactive peptides have shown considerable potencies as suitable therapeutic agents for hypertension. The peptide inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from its default biochemical conversion of Ang I to Ang II has been studied and more relatively adopted in several studies. This review offers an examination of the isolation of concomitant proteins in foods, their hydrolysis into peptides and the biofunctionality checks of those peptides based on their anti-hypertensive potentialities. Furthermore, critical but concise details about methodologies and analytical techniques used in the purification of such peptides are discussed. This review is a beneficial literature supplement for scholars and provides functional awareness material for the food-aligned alternative therapy for hypertension. In addition, it points researchers in the direction of adopting food materials and associated by-products as natural sources for the isolation biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Poorva Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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10
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Rodríguez-Hernández G, Rentería-Monterrubio AL, Gutiérrez-Méndez N, Ortega-Gutiérrez JA, Santellano-Estrada E, Rojas-González S, Chávez-Martínez A. Effect of probiotic cultures on the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of whey-based fermented beverages. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:3731-3738. [PMID: 32903884 PMCID: PMC7447725 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fermented whey-based beverages were elaborated using commercial probiotics cultures (CHR HANSEN): BCT-1®, ABT-4®, ABC where A: Lactobacillus acidophilus, B: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, C: Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and T: Streptococccus thermophiles. Three treatments were prepared with these probiotics cultures and a treatment without cultures added as a control. All beverage were maintained at 4 °C and evaluated during their shelf life at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. The variables analyzed were peptide concentration, proteolysis, ACE-inhibitory activity and, peptide and aromatic amino acid profiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to assess the relationship between these variables. All whey-based fermented beverages added with probiotics presented ACE inhibitory activity (22-100%). However, whey-based beverage without probiotics added had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (100%), and it was maintained during its shelf life. Fermented beverage with ABT-4® culture had an ACE inhibitory activity from 80 to 100% during its shelf life. Thus can be attributed to the release of peptides during processing. Meanwhile, significative correlations were observed between variables varying this depending on the treatment, both, in magnitude and in direct or inverse direction (0.684-0.986). The ACE inhibitory activity was correlated to proteolysis and peptide and aromatic amino acids profiles. And, the IC50 was observed in the range of 0.01-0.055 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rodríguez-Hernández
- División de Ciencias de La Vida, Departamento de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal, km 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, Irapuato, Guanajuato C.P. 36824 México
| | - Ana Luisa Rentería-Monterrubio
- Facultad de Zootecnia Y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Perif. R. Almada km 1. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, C.P. 31453 México
| | - Néstor Gutiérrez-Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus Ll. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, C.P. 31240 México
| | - Juan Angel Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Zootecnia Y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Perif. R. Almada km 1. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, C.P. 31453 México
| | - Eduardo Santellano-Estrada
- Facultad de Zootecnia Y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Perif. R. Almada km 1. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, C.P. 31453 México
| | - Servando Rojas-González
- División de Ciencias de La Vida, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal, km 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, Irapuato, Guanajuato C.P. 36824 México
| | - América Chávez-Martínez
- Facultad de Zootecnia Y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Perif. R. Almada km 1. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, C.P. 31453 México
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Comparative Study of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition of Soy Foods as Affected by Processing Methods and Protein Isolation. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and eventually elevates blood pressure. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Studies show peptides present anti-hypertensive activity by ACE inhibition. During food processing and digestion, food proteins may be hydrolyzed and release peptides. Our objective was to determine and compare the ACE inhibitory potential of fermented and non-fermented soy foods and isolated 7S and 11S protein fractions. Soy foods (e.g., soybean, natto, tempeh, yogurt, soymilk, tofu, soy-sprouts) and isolated proteins were in vitro digested prior to the determination of ACE inhibitory activity. Peptide molecular weight distribution in digested samples was analyzed and correlated with ACE inhibitory capacity. Raw and cooked soymilk showed the highest ACE inhibitory potential. Bacteria-fermented soy foods had higher ACE inhibitory activity than fungus-fermented soy food, and 3 day germinated sprouts had higher ACE inhibition than those germinated for 5 and 7 days. The 11S hydrolysates showed higher ACE inhibitory capacity than 7S. Peptides of 1–4.5 kDa showed a higher contribution to reducing IC50. This study provides evidence that soy foods and isolated 7S and 11S proteins may be used as functional foods or ingredients to prevent or control hypertension.
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12
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Orts A, Revilla E, Rodriguez-Morgado B, Castaño A, Tejada M, Parrado J, García-Quintanilla A. Protease technology for obtaining a soy pulp extract enriched in bioactive compounds: isoflavones and peptides. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01958. [PMID: 31294110 PMCID: PMC6595185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a new bioprocess process for the extraction of bioactive components from soy pulp by-product (okara) using an enzymatic technology that was compared to a conventional water extraction. Okara is rich in fiber, fat, protein, and bioactive compounds such as isoflavones but its low solubility hampers the use in food and fertilizer industry. After the enzymatic attack with endoproteases half of the original insoluble proteins were converted into soluble peptides. Linked to this process occured the solubilization of isoflavones trapped in the insoluble protein matrix. We were able to extract up to 62.5% of the total isoflavones content, specially aglycones, the more bioactive isoflavone forms, whose values rose 9.12 times. This was probably due to the increased solubilization and interconversion from the original isoflavones. In conclusion, our process resulted in the formulation of a new functional product rich in aglycones and bioactive peptides with higher antioxidant potency than the original source. Therefore, we propose that the enzymatic extraction of okara bioactive compounds is an advantageous tool to replace conventional extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Orts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Elisa Revilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Bruno Rodriguez-Morgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Angélica Castaño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Manuel Tejada
- Department of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Agricultural Chemistry, ETSIA, University of Seville. Ctr. Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Juan Parrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Albert García-Quintanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, Seville 41012, Spain
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Tamam B, Syah D, N. Lioe H, T. Suhartono M, Ananta Kusuma W. BEBERAPA PENCIRI BERBASIS SEKUENS UNTUK MENGENALI SIFAT FUNGSIONAL PEPTIDA BIOAKTIF: STUDI EKSPLORASI. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2018. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2018.29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Prados IM, Marina ML, García MC. Isolation and identification by high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of novel peptides with multifunctional lipid-lowering capacity. Food Res Int 2018; 111:77-86. [PMID: 30007740 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the isolation, characterization, and identification by RP-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF of novel peptides that interfere in the fat digestion and absorption mechanisms by multiple pathways. Peptides were ultrafiltrated and peptides in the most active fraction were further separated by semipreparative RP-HPLC. Nine different subfractions were obtained observing a high amount of peptides in subfraction F3. Peptides in subfraction F3 could simultaneously reduce the solubility of cholesterol in micelles and inhibit pancreatic cholesterol esterase and pancreatic lipase, even after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The identification of lipid-lowering peptides has been scarcely performed and when done, low selectivity or sensitivity of employed identification techniques or conditions did not yield reliable results. Separation and detection of peptides by RP-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS was optimized and most favorable conditions were employed for the identification of peptides using de novo sequencing. Ten different peptides with 4-9 amino acids were identified. Main feature of identified peptides was the high acidity derived from a high presence of amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid in their sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Prados
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Concepción García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Value addition of oilseed meal: a focus on bioactive peptides. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Purification and characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatine produced by an enzymatic membrane reactor. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Chen PH, Weng YM, Lin SM, Yu ZR, Wang BJ. Molecular Weight Affected Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Activities of Cold Water Extract from Pleurotus citrinopileatus. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2456-2461. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Huei Chen
- Dept. of Food Science; Natl. Chia-Yi Univ.; Chia-Yi Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yih-Ming Weng
- Dept. of Food Science; Natl. Chia-Yi Univ.; Chia-Yi Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shu-Mei Lin
- Dept. of Food Science; Natl. Chia-Yi Univ.; Chia-Yi Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Zer-Ran Yu
- Superwell Biotechnology Corp.; Taichung City Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Be-Jen Wang
- Dept. of Food Science; Natl. Chia-Yi Univ.; Chia-Yi Taiwan Republic of China
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18
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Qiao L, Li B, Chen Y, Li L, Chen X, Wang L, Lu F, Luo G, Li G, Zhang Y. Discovery of Anti-Hypertensive Oligopeptides from Adlay Based on In Silico Proteolysis and Virtual Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2099. [PMID: 27983650 PMCID: PMC5187899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix larchryma-jobi L.) was the commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with high content of seed storage protein. The hydrolyzed bioactive oligopeptides of adlay have been proven to be anti-hypertensive effective components. However, the structures and anti-hypertensive mechanism of bioactive oligopeptides from adlay were not clear. To discover the definite anti-hypertensive oligopeptides from adlay, in silico proteolysis and virtual screening were implemented to obtain potential oligopeptides, which were further identified by biochemistry assay and molecular dynamics simulation. In this paper, ten sequences of adlay prolamins were collected and in silico hydrolyzed to construct the oligopeptide library with 134 oligopeptides. This library was reverse screened by anti-hypertensive pharmacophore database, which was constructed by our research team and contained ten anti-hypertensive targets. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) was identified as the main potential target for the anti-hypertensive activity of adlay oligopeptides. Three crystal structures of ACE were utilized for docking studies and 19 oligopeptides were finally identified with potential ACE inhibitory activity. According to mapping features and evaluation indexes of pharmacophore and docking, three oligopeptides were selected for biochemistry assay. An oligopeptide sequence, NPATY (IC50 = 61.88 ± 2.77 µM), was identified as the ACE inhibitor by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay. Molecular dynamics simulation of NPATY was further utilized to analyze interactive bonds and key residues. ALA354 was identified as a key residue of ACE inhibitors. Hydrophobic effect of VAL518 and electrostatic effects of HIS383, HIS387, HIS513 and Zn2+ were also regarded as playing a key role in inhibiting ACE activities. This study provides a research strategy to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) proteins based on in silico proteolysis and virtual screening, which could be beneficial to reveal the pharmacological action of TCM proteins and provide new lead compounds for peptides-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yankun Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ganggang Luo
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Wu Q, Du J, Jia J, Kuang C. Production of ACE inhibitory peptides from sweet sorghum grain protein using alcalase: Hydrolysis kinetic, purification and molecular docking study. Food Chem 2016; 199:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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A Tricholoma matsutake Peptide with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidative Activities and Antihypertensive Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24130. [PMID: 27052674 PMCID: PMC4823785 DOI: 10.1038/srep24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A crude water extract of the fruiting bodies of a highly prized mushroom Tricholoma matsutakei exerted an antihypertensive action on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at a dosage of 400 mg/kg. An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an IC50 of 0.40 μM was purified from the extract and designated as TMP. Its amino acid sequence was elucidated to be WALKGYK through LC-MS/MS analysis. The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested that TMP was a non-competitive inhibitor of ACE. A short-term assay of antihypertensive activity demonstrated that TMP at the dosage of 25 mg/kg could significantly lower the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs. TMP exhibited remarkable stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values. It also demonstrated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The aforementioned activities of TMP were corroborated by utilizing the synthetic peptide. Hence T. matsutake can be used as a functional food to help prevent hypertension- associated diseases.
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Purification and molecular docking study of a novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from alcalase hydrolysate of ultrasonic-pretreated silkworm pupa (Bombyx mori) protein. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2;
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23
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García MC, Endermann J, González-García E, Marina ML. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS identification of antioxidant and antihypertensive peptides recovered from cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) subproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1514-1520. [PMID: 25599260 DOI: 10.1021/jf505037p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The processing of fruits, such as cherries, is characterized by generating a lot of waste material such as fruit stones, skins, etc. To contribute to environmental sustainability, it is necessary to recover these residues. Cherry stones contain seeds with a significant amount of proteins that are underused and undervalued. The aim of this work was to extract cherry seed proteins, to evaluate the presence of bioactive peptides, and to identify them by mass spectrometry. The digestion of cherry seed proteins was optimized, and three different enzymes were employed: Alcalase, Thermolysin, and Flavourzyme. Peptide extracts obtained by the digestion of the cherry seed protein isolate with Alcalase and Thermolysin yielded the highest antioxidant and antihypertensive capacities. Ultrafiltration of hydrolysates allowed obtaining fractions with high antioxidant and antihypertensive capabilities. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS together with bioinformatics tools enabled one to identify peptides in these fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Alcalá , Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.600, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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