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Docimo T, Celano R, Lambiase A, Di Sanzo R, Serio S, Santoro V, Coccetti P, Russo M, Rastrelli L, Piccinelli AL. Exploring Influence of Production Area and Harvest Time on Specialized Metabolite Content of Glycyrrhiza glabra Leaves and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38247517 PMCID: PMC10812728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Calabrian Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the most appreciated licorice varieties worldwide, and its leaves are emerging as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, this biomass is usually discarded, and its valorization could contribute to boost the economic value of the licorice production chain. In this study, the effects of production area and harvest time on the specialized metabolite content of G. glabra leaves (GGL) and also the antioxidant and anti-aging properties are evaluated to explore the potential of this untapped resource and to select the most optimal harvesting practices. GGL exhibited high levels of specialized metabolites (4-30 g/100 g of dry leaf) and the most abundant ones are pinocembrin, prenylated flavanones (licoflavanone and glabranin), and prenylated dihydrostilbenes. Their levels and antioxidant capacity in extracts are influenced by both production area and harvest time, showing a decisive role on specialized metabolites accumulation. Interestingly, GGL extracts strongly attenuate the toxicity of α-synuclein, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and cellular senescence on Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human α-synuclein model, showing great potential to prevent aging and age-related disorders. These results provide insights into the phytochemical dynamics of GGL, identifying the best harvesting site and period to obtain bioactive-rich sources with potential uses in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessia Lambiase
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Serio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Coccetti
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
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Freddi S, Marzuoli C, Pagliara S, Drera G, Sangaletti L. Targeting biomarkers in the gas phase through a chemoresistive electronic nose based on graphene functionalized with metal phthalocyanines. RSC Adv 2022; 13:251-263. [PMID: 36605647 PMCID: PMC9769103 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic noses (e-noses) have received considerable interest in the past decade as they can match the emerging needs of modern society such as environmental monitoring, health screening, and food quality tracking. For practical applications of e-noses, it is necessary to collect large amounts of data from an array of sensing devices that can detect interactions with molecules reliably and analyze them via pattern recognition. The use of graphene (Gr)-based arrays of chemiresistors in e-noses is still virtually missing, though recent reports on Gr-based chemiresistors have disclosed high sensing performances upon functionalization of the pristine layer, opening up the possibility of being implemented into e-noses. In this work, with the aim of creating a robust and chemically stable interface that combines the chemical properties of metal phthalocyanines (M-Pc, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) with the superior transport properties of Gr, an array of Gr-based chemiresistor sensors functionalized with drop-cast M-Pc thin layers has been developed. The sensing capability of the array was tested towards biomarkers for breathomics application, with a focus on ammonia (NH3). Exposure to NH3 has been carried out drawing the calibration curve and estimating the detection limit for all the sensors. The discrimination capability of the array has then been tested, carrying out exposure to several gases (hydrogen sulfide, acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol, water vapour and benzene) and analysing the data through principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA pattern recognition results show that the developed e-nose is able to discriminate all the tested gases through the synergic contribution of all sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Freddi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab@I-Lamp, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia della Garzetta 4825123 BresciaItaly,Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001 LeuvenBelgium
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab@I-Lamp, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia della Garzetta 4825123 BresciaItaly
| | - Stefania Pagliara
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab@I-Lamp, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia della Garzetta 4825123 BresciaItaly
| | - Giovanni Drera
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab@I-Lamp, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia della Garzetta 4825123 BresciaItaly
| | - Luigi Sangaletti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Surface Science and Spectroscopy Lab@I-Lamp, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia della Garzetta 4825123 BresciaItaly
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Sun L, Wu J, Wang K, Liang T, Liu Q, Yan J, Yang Y, Qiao K, Ma S, Wang D. Comparative Analysis of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Periplocae Cortex Using an Electronic Nose and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248964. [PMID: 36558097 PMCID: PMC9781861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) can be identified by experts according to their odors. However, the identification of these medicines is subjective and requires long-term experience. The samples of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Periplocae Cortex used were dried cortexes, which are often confused in the market due to their similar appearance, but their chemical composition and odor are different. The clinical use of the two herbs is different, but the phenomenon of being confused with each other often occurs. Therefore, we used an electronic nose (E-nose) to explore the differences in odor information between the two species for fast and robust discrimination, in order to provide a scientific basis for avoiding confusion and misuse in the process of production, circulation and clinical use. In this study, the odor and volatile components of these two medicinal materials were detected by the E-nose and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. An E-nose combined with pattern analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) was used to discriminate the cortex samples. The E-nose was used to determine the odors of the samples and enable rapid differentiation of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Periplocae Cortex. GC-MS was utilized to reveal the differences between the volatile constituents of Acanthopanacis Cortex and Periplocae Cortex. In all, 82 components including 9 co-contained components were extracted by chromatographic peak integration and matching, and 24 constituents could be used as chemical markers to distinguish these two species. The E-nose detection technology is able to discriminate between Acanthopanacis Cortex and Periplocae Cortex, with GC-MS providing support to determine the material basis of the E-nose sensors' response. The proposed method is rapid, simple, eco-friendly and can successfully differentiate these two medicinal materials by their odors. It can be applied to quality control links such as online detection, and also provide reference for the establishment of other rapid detection methods. The further development and utilization of this technology is conducive to the further supervision of the quality of CHMs and the healthy development of the industry.
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Shang Z, Liu C, Qiao X, Ye M. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine licorice (Gan-Cao): An update review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115686. [PMID: 36067839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, called Gan-Cao in China, is one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines. It is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata. Licorice is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of China, Japan, US, and Europe. AIM This review updates research progress of licorice from the perspectives of chemical analysis, quality evaluation, drug metabolism, and pharmacokinetic studies from 2009 to April 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both English and Chinese literatures were collected from databases including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese). Licorice, extraction, structural characterization/identification, quality control, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords. RESULTS Newly developed analytical methods, including LC/UV, 2DLC, LC/MS, GC/MS, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for chemical analysis of licorice were summarized. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive summary on chemical analysis of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China; Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zheng Z, Zhang C, Liu K, Liu Q. Volatile Organic Compounds, Evaluation Methods and Processing Properties for Cooked Rice Flavor. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:53. [PMID: 36309628 PMCID: PMC9617995 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as the main refined grain in China, has attracted much attention in terms of quality. Rice is usually consumed after cooking, and it is a commonly staple food. Nowdays, people's requirements for cooked rice focus more on the taste characteristics and quality. Furthermore, aroma is one of the primary sensory reference points, which is the most intuitive way for people to judge cooked rice. By integrating and analyzing the researches of cooked rice aroma identification in recent five years, this paper expounds the extraction and identification methods (sensory evaluation method, GC-MS, SPME, MOS sensors, electronic nose, etc.) of the flavor substances in cooked rice, as the processing methods and properties of cooked rice, and the volatile organic compounds of cooked rice under different conditions are summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zheng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kewei Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Wu H, Lin L, Du X, Tang S, Liu H, Yang H. The qualitative and quantitative assessment of xiaochaihu granules based on e-eye, e-nose, e-tongue and chemometrics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114298. [PMID: 34428739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xiaochaihu granules (XCHG), a famous Chinese patent medicine with high sales, have more than 100 approved number by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). Therefore, it is important to evaluate the quality of XCHG from different pharmaceutical companies. The data fusion of electronic eye (e-eye), electronic nose (e-nose) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) combined with chemometrics were applied for qualitative identification and quantitative prediction of XCHG quality. Firstly, main chemical constituents, such as saikosaponin b2, baicalin and glycyrrhizin were quantified with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Secondly, the characteristic features of odor, color, and taste of XCHG were measured by e-nose, e-eye and e-tongue, and the Pearson correlation between constituents and e-signals was analyzed. Thirdly, partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) of e-eye, e-nose and e-tongue were classified by the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) results of the main constituents of XCHG separately. Finally, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to build the prediction model between components and data fusion of e-eye, e-nose and e-tongue. The results showed that saikosaponin b2, baicalin and glycyrrhizin were the three main components in XCHG samples. in which saikosaponin b2 ranged from 0.280 to 2.186 mg (relative standard deviation (RSD), 62.10 %), baicalin range from 25.883 mg to 49.108 mg (RSD, 16.64 %), and glycyrrhizin ranged from 0.897 mg to 6.052 mg (RSD, 40.32 %) of 31 batches of XCHG in each bag. Pearson correlation results showed that the main constituents were related to the core e-signals of XCHG, such as Eab, bitterness and R2 (odor sensitive to nitrogen oxide). Data fusion of e-eye, e-nose and e-tongue with main constitutes of XCHG using the PLSR model showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.320 and 0.090 for saikosaponin b2 and licoricesaponin G2 (P < 0.000). The saikosaponin b2 and licoricesaponin G2 contents in XCHG could be predicted with integrated data of e-nose, e-eye, and e-tongue using the PLSR model.
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Key Words
- 6-Gingerol (CAS, 23513-14-6)
- Baicalein (CAS, 491-67-8)
- Baicalin (CAS, 21967-41-9)
- Chemical analysis
- Data fusion
- E-eye
- E-nose
- E-tongue
- Glycyrrhizin (CAS, 1405-86-3)
- Licoricesaponin G2 (CAS, 118441-84-2)
- Liquiritin (CAS, 551-15-5)
- Lobetyolin (CAS, 136085-37-5)
- PLSR
- Saikosaponin B1(CAS, 58558-08-0)
- Saikosaponin B2 (CAS, 58316-41-9)
- Wogonoside (CAS, 51059-44-0)
- Xiaochaihu granules
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; China Resources Sanjiu Medical &Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, 518000, China; Center for Post-doctoral Studies, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lina Lin
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical &Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; China Resources Sanjiu Medical &Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, 518000, China; Center for Post-doctoral Studies, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical &Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Dimitrakopoulou ME, Vantarakis A. Does Traceability Lead to Food Authentication? A Systematic Review from A European Perspective. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1923028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Geographical origin identification of two salmonid species via flavor compound analysis using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry combined with electronic nose and tongue. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110385. [PMID: 34112388 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The flavor of salmonids is affected by species and origin. Sources of salmonid fish fillets are complex and difficult to identify and label fraud occasionally occurs in the market. In this study, headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), electronic nose, electronic tongue and amino acid detection technologies were used to analyze flavor compounds in two salmonid species from different geographical origins. Fingerprints of volatile compounds of salmonid were constructed using HS-GC-IMS technology. Free amino acid (FAA) content differed in salmonids from different geographical origins. Regarding salmonid odor, HS-GC-IMS analysis results were basically consistent with those of the electronic nose. Regarding taste, the conclusions drawn from the electronic tongue were consistent with the amino acid test results. Therefore, our results demonstrate that flavor compounds can be used to distinguish salmonids from different geographical origins, providing a new dimension to food safety and authenticity. Furthermore, HS-GC-IMS, electronic nose and tongue can be used as tools in the market to identify food fraud.
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A Machine Learning Method for the Fine-Grained Classification of Green Tea with Geographical Indication Using a MOS-Based Electronic Nose. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040795. [PMID: 33917735 PMCID: PMC8068162 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese green tea is known for its health-functional properties. There are many green tea categories, which have sub-categories with geographical indications (GTSGI). Several high-quality GTSGI planted in specific areas are labeled as famous GTSGI (FGTSGI) and are expensive. However, the subtle differences between the categories complicate the fine-grained classification of the GTSGI. This study proposes a novel framework consisting of a convolutional neural network backbone (CNN backbone) and a support vector machine classifier (SVM classifier), namely, CNN-SVM for the classification of Maofeng green tea categories (six sub-categories) and Maojian green tea categories (six sub-categories) using electronic nose data. A multi-channel input matrix was constructed for the CNN backbone to extract deep features from different sensor signals. An SVM classifier was employed to improve the classification performance due to its high discrimination ability for small sample sizes. The effectiveness of this framework was verified by comparing it with four other machine learning models (SVM, CNN-Shi, CNN-SVM-Shi, and CNN). The proposed framework had the best performance for classifying the GTSGI and identifying the FGTSGI. The high accuracy and strong robustness of the CNN-SVM show its potential for the fine-grained classification of multiple highly similar teas.
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Celano R, Docimo T, Piccinelli AL, Gazzerro P, Tucci M, Di Sanzo R, Carabetta S, Campone L, Russo M, Rastrelli L. Onion Peel: Turning a Food Waste into a Resource. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020304. [PMID: 33669451 PMCID: PMC7920456 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste is a serious problem for food processing industries, especially when it represents a loss of a valuable source of nutrients and phytochemicals. Increasing consumer demand for processed food poses the problem of minimizing waste by conversion into useful products. In this regard, onion (Allium cepa) waste consisting mainly of onion skin is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds. Here, we characterized the flavonoid profiles and biological activities of onion skin wastes of two traditional varieties with protected geographical indication (PGI), the red “Rossa di Tropea” and the coppery “Ramata di Montoro”, typically cultivated in a niche area in southern Italy. The phytochemical profiles of exhaustive extracts, characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry, revealed that flavonols and anthocyanins were the characteristic metabolite classes of onion skins. Quercetin, quercetin glucosides and their dimer and trimer derivatives, and, among anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside, were the most abundant bioactive compounds. The potential of onion skins was evaluated by testing several biological activities: ABTS/oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and in vitro alpha-glucosidase assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of the extracts and of their main compounds, respectively, and proliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay on human fibroblasts. In the present study, by observing various biological properties of “Rossa di Tropea” and “Ramata di Montoro” onion-dried skins, we clearly indicated that this agricultural waste can provide bioactive molecules for multiple applications, from industrial to nutraceutical and cosmetical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.C.); (P.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.C.); (P.G.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.C.); (P.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.C.); (P.G.); (L.R.)
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Fei C, Ren C, Wang Y, Li L, Li W, Yin F, Lu T, Yin W. Identification of the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus based on the electronic nose coupled with chemometric methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 33473146 PMCID: PMC7817683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crataegi Fructus (CF) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material around the world. Currently, different types of processed CF products are commonly found in the market. Quality evaluation of them mainly relies on chemical content determination, which is time and money consuming. To rapidly and nondestructively discriminate different types of processed CF products, an electronic nose coupled with chemometrics was developed. The odour detection method of CF was first established by single-factor investigation. Then, the sensor array was optimised by a stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the best-optimised sensor array, the digital and mode standard were established, realizing the odour quality control of samples. Meanwhile, mathematical prediction models including the discriminant formula and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model exhibited good evaluation with a high accuracy rate. These results suggest that the developed electronic nose system could be an alternative way for evaluating the odour of different types of processed CF products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wu Yin
- State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Aghoutane Y, Moufid M, Motia S, Padzys GS, Omouendze LP, Llobet E, Bouchikhi B, El Bari N. Characterization and Analysis of Okoume and Aiele Essential Oils from Gabon by GC-MS, Electronic Nose, and Their Antibacterial Activity Assessment. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236750. [PMID: 33255909 PMCID: PMC7728305 DOI: 10.3390/s20236750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Essential oil resins of Aucoumea klaineana (Okoume) and Canarium schweinfurthii (Aiele) species, of the Burseraceae family, were studied to investigate their bioactive constituents and their antibacterial activities. Aiele resin had a higher yield (6.86%) of essential oil than Okoume (3.62%). Twenty-one compounds for Okoume and eighteen for Aiele essential oil were identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Gp-C-MS) technique. The main compounds identified in Okoume essential oil were benzenemethanol, α, α,4-trimethyl (28.85%), (+)-3-carene (3,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) (17.93%), D-Limonene ((4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene) (19.36%). With regard to the Aiele essential oil, we identified (1R,4S)-1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.64%), and 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.83%). Two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were used in antibacterial tests. S. aureus was found to be more sensitive to Okoume and Aiele essential oils, with a high inhibition zone ranging from 20 to 16 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone ranged from 6 to 12 mm for E. coli. An electronic nose (e-nose) combined with pattern analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to discriminate the essential oil samples. In summary, the e-nose and GC-MS allowed the identification of bioactive compounds in the essential oil samples, which have a strong antimicrobial activity, with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra Aghoutane
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco; (Y.A.); (M.M.); (S.M.)
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Moufid
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco; (Y.A.); (M.M.); (S.M.)
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco;
| | - Soukaina Motia
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco; (Y.A.); (M.M.); (S.M.)
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco;
| | - Guy Stephane Padzys
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Technolgy of Masuku, Franceville 901, Gabon; (G.S.P.); (L.P.O.)
| | - Linda Priscilia Omouendze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Technolgy of Masuku, Franceville 901, Gabon; (G.S.P.); (L.P.O.)
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, MINOS-EMaS, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Benachir Bouchikhi
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco;
| | - Nezha El Bari
- Biosensors and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P., Zitoune, Meknes 11201, Morocco; (Y.A.); (M.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-535-53-88-70; Fax: +212-535-53-68-08
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Physicochemical, antioxidant, volatile component, and mass spectrometry-based electronic nose analyses differentiated unrefined non-centrifugal cane, palm, and coconut sugars. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Additive Effect of a Combination of Artocarpus lakoocha and Glycyrrhiza glabra Extracts on Tyrosinase Inhibition in Melanoma B16 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100310. [PMID: 33066628 PMCID: PMC7602378 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lakoocha (Al) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) extracts have been reported to show tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin pigment reduction. This is the first study to assess the combination of Al and Gg extracts in enhancing inhibition of tyrosinase and reduction of melanin pigments. Al and Gg extracted by maceration in 70% and 95% ethanol were analyzed for oxyresveratrol and glabridin using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Extracts of Al and Gg singly and combinations of Al95 and Gg95 were tested for cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and reduction of melanin pigments in melanoma B16 cells. Al95 had higher antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced more melanin pigments in B16 cells compared to Al70, and exhibited higher levels of oxyresveratrol. Gg95 inhibited oxidative stress and mushroom tyrosinase better than Gg70, and exhibited higher levels of glabridin. Combinations of Al95 and Gg95 at various ratios (concentration of 0.1 mg/mL) were not cytotoxic to B16 cells. Interestingly, Al95 and Gg95 combined at a ratio 9:1 reduced melanin pigment up to 53% in B16 cells. This combination of Al95 and Gg95 extracts exhibited the additive effect of reducing melanin pigments by suppressing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) in B16 cells. The combination of Al and Gg extracts could be developed as skin care products for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Zhang L, Wang CX, Wu J, Wang TY, Zhong QQ, Du Y, Ji S, Wang L, Guo MZ, Xu SQ, Tang DQ. Metabolic profiling of mice plasma, bile, urine and feces after oral administration of two licorice flavonones. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112892. [PMID: 32320727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is an ancient food and medicinal plant. Liquiritigenin and liquiritin, two kinds of major flavonoes in licorice, are effective substances used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive food, cosmetics or medicines. However, their in vivo metabolites have not been fully explored. AIM OF STUDY To clarify the metabolism of liquiritigenin and liquiritin in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach to determine the metabolites in mice plasma, bile, urine and feces after oral administration of liquiritigenin or liquiritin. The structures of those metabolites were tentatively identified according to their fragment pathways, accurate masses, characteristic product ions, metabolism laws or reference standard matching. RESULTS A total of 26 and 24 metabolites of liquiritigenin or liquiritin were respectively identified. The products related with apigenin, luteolin or quercetin were the major metabolites of liquiritigenin or liquiritin in mice. Seven main metabolic pathways including (de)hydrogenation, (de)hydroxylation, (de)glycosylation, (de)methoxylation, acetylation, glucuronidation and sulfation were summarized to tentatively explain their biotransformation. CONCLUSION This study not only can provide the evidence for in vivo metabolites and pharmacokinetic mechanism of liquiritigenin and liquiritin, but also may lay the foundation for further development and utilization of liquiritigenin, liquiritin and then licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qiu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Effect of Storage Time and Packing Method on the Freshness of Dried Lycium Fruit Using Electronic Nose and Chemometrics. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6145189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of storage time and packing method on dried Lycium fruits was studied through an electronic olfactory system with the metal oxide sensor array that provides an overall perception of the volatile compounds presented in the sample headspace. Principle component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and cluster analysis (CA) were used for freshness and packing methods discrimination of dried Lycium fruits. The stale samples of 2015 and 2016 could be separated with those of 2017 by PCA, CDA, and CA analysis. Better discrimination results were obtained by CDA, with samples of 2015 and 2016 separated with each other. For samples of 2017, the unpackaged samples of 2017-4 were distinguished with the vacuumed samples, while samples of grade C were separated with B and D. For quantitative analysis, predictive models for prediction of the storage years of dried Lycium fruits were built with methods of partial least square (PLS) analysis, multiple linear regression (MLR), and back propagation neural network (BPNN). The model built by BPNN showed the best predict ability with R2 = 0.9994, while PLS and MLR were also effective in the prediction of storage years of dried Lycium fruits, with high determination coefficients of 0.9316 and 0.9330. These findings showed that E-nose can be used in the discrimination of the storage time and package method of dried Lycium fruits.
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A feature selection strategy of E-nose data based on PCA coupled with Wilks Λ-statistic for discrimination of vinegar samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Critical review of electronic nose and tongue instruments prospects in pharmaceutical analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:14-29. [PMID: 31307702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic nose (enose, EN) and electronic tongue (etongue, ET) have been designed to simulate human senses of smell and taste in the best possible way. The signals acquired from a sensor array, combined with suitable data analysis system, are the basis for holistic analysis of samples. The efficiency of these instruments, regarding classification, discrimination, detection, monitoring and analytics of samples in different types of matrices, is utilized in many fields of science and industry, offering numerous practical applications. Popularity of both types of devices significantly increased during the last decade, mainly due to improvement of their sensitivity and selectivity. The electronic senses have been employed in pharmaceutical sciences for, among others, formulation development and quality assurance. This paper contains a review of some particular applications of EN and ET based instruments in pharmaceutical industry. In addition, development prospects and a critical summary of the state of art in the field were also surveyed.
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19
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Wang ZC, Yan Y, Nisar T, Sun L, Zeng Y, Guo Y, Wang H, Fang Z. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with e-nose and e-tongue assays simplifies the tracing of geographical origins of Lycium ruthenicum Murray grown in China. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu L, Li M, Zhou H, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Han N, Wu T. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents and rat metabolites of the Wen‐Jing decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1174-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xu
- Department of PharmacognosySchool of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Moying Li
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
| | | | - Nina Han
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tong Wu
- Innovation Center of Chinese MedicineChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai P. R. China
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In depth chemical investigation of Glycyrrhiza triphylla Fisch roots guided by a preliminary HPLC-ESIMS n profiling. Food Chem 2018; 248:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Metal oxide materials have been applied in different fields due to their excellent functional properties. Metal oxides nanostructuration, preparation with the various morphologies, and their coupling with other structures enhance the unique properties of the materials and open new perspectives for their application in the food industry. Chemical gas sensors that are based on semiconducting metal oxide materials can detect the presence of toxins and volatile organic compounds that are produced in food products due to their spoilage and hazardous processes that may take place during the food aging and transportation. Metal oxide nanomaterials can be used in food processing, packaging, and the preservation industry as well. Moreover, the metal oxide-based nanocomposite structures can provide many advantageous features to the final food packaging material, such as antimicrobial activity, enzyme immobilization, oxygen scavenging, mechanical strength, increasing the stability and the shelf life of food, and securing the food against humidity, temperature, and other physiological factors. In this paper, we review the most recent achievements on the synthesis of metal oxide-based nanostructures and their applications in food quality monitoring and active and intelligent packaging.
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Yin Y, Hao Y, Yu H, Liu Y, Hao F. Detection Potential of Multi-Features Representation of E-Nose Data in Classification of Moldy Maize Samples. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karkanis A, Martins N, Petropoulos S, Ferreira I. Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1261300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - N. Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - S.A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - I.C.F.R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Basar N, Nahar L, Oridupa OA, Ritchie KJ, Talukdar AD, Stafford A, Kushiev H, Kan A, Sarker SD. Utilization of the Ability to Induce Activation of the Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-like Factor 2 (Nrf2) to Assess Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Liquorice Samples. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:233-238. [PMID: 27527356 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of many detoxification enzymes. Nrf2-antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) signalling pathway can be a target for cancer chemoprevention. Glycyrrhiza glabra, common name, 'liquorice', is used as a sweetening and flavouring agent, and traditionally, to treat various ailments, and implicated to chemoprevention. However, its chemopreventive property has not yet been scientifically substantiated. OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of liquorice root samples to induce Nrf2 activation correlating to their potential chemopreventive property. METHODS The ability of nine methanolic extracts of liquorice root samples, collected from various geographical origins, to induce Nrf2 activation was determined by the luciferase reporter assay using the ARE-reporter cell line, AREc32. The antioxidant properties were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. RESULTS All extracts exhibited free-radical-scavenging property (RC50 = 136.39-635.66 µg/mL). The reducing capacity of ferrous ion was 214.46-465.59 μM Fe(II)/g. Nrf2 activation indicated that all extracts induced expression of ARE-driven luciferase activity with a maximum induction of 2.3 fold relative to control. These activities varied for samples from one geographical location to another. CONCLUSIONS The present findings add to the existing knowledge of cancer chemoprevention by plant-derived extracts or purified phytochemicals, particularly the potential use of liquorice for this purpose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazah Basar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Olayinka Ayotunde Oridupa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth J Ritchie
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Anupam D Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Angela Stafford
- ADAS UK Ltd, Rosemaund, Preston Wynne, Hereford, HR1 3PG, UK
| | | | | | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Lee JJ, Lee JH, Cho WK, Han JH, Ma JY. Herbal composition of Cinnamomum cassia, Pinus densiflora, Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra prevents atherosclerosis by upregulating p27 (Kip1) expression. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:253. [PMID: 27465365 PMCID: PMC4964310 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Kiom-18 is a novel composition of Cinnamomum cassia, Pinus densiflora, Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra, which are traditional medicines in Asia, have been reported to demonstrate preventive effects against atherosclerosis; however, they have not yet been developed into functional atherosclerosis treatments. We therefore studied the anti-atherosclerotic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of Kiom-18 using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods To assess the anti-proliferative effect of Kiom-18 in vitro, we performed thymidine incorporation, cell cycle progression, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays in VSMCs stimulated by platelet derived-growth factor (PDGF)-BB. In addition, we used LDLr knockout mice to identify the effects of Kiom-18 as a preliminary result in an atherosclerosis animal model. Results Kiom-18 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated-VSMC proliferation and DNA synthesis. Additionally, Kiom-18 arrested the cell cycle transition of G0/G1 stimulated by PDGF-BB and its cell cycle-related proteins. Correspondingly, the level of p27kip1 expression was upregulated in the presence of the Kiom-18 extract. Moreover, in an atherosclerosis animal model of LDLr knockout mice, Kiom-18 extract showed a preventive effect for the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and suppressed body weight, fat weight, food treatment efficiency, neutrophil count, and triglyceride level. Conclusions These results indicate that Kiom-18 exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting VSMC proliferation via G0/G1 arrest, which upregulates p27Kip1 expression.
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Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yang J, Zhang L. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis of licorice based on the simultaneous determination of saponins and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2928-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzuo Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
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He M, Yang ZY, Guan WN, Vicente Gonçalves CM, Nie J, Wu H. GC–MS Analysis and Volatile Profile Comparison for the Characteristic Smell fromLiang-wai Gan Cao(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and Honey-Roasting Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:879-87. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Montero L, Ibáñez E, Russo M, di Sanzo R, Rastrelli L, Piccinelli AL, Celano R, Cifuentes A, Herrero M. Metabolite profiling of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from different locations using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and tandem mass spectrometry detection. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 913:145-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhao J, Ge LY, Xiong W, Leong F, Huang LQ, Li SP. Advanced development in phytochemicals analysis of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (2011-2014). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:39-54. [PMID: 26385085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we wrote a review for summarizing the phytochemical analysis (2006-2010) of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (Zhao et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7453-7475). Since then, more than 750 articles related to their phytochemical analysis have been published. Therefore, an updated review for the advanced development (2011-2014) in this topic is necessary for well understanding the quality control and health beneficial phytochemicals in these materials, as well as their research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Ya Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Wei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fong Leong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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31
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Li L, Boyd CE, Sun Z. Authentication of fishery and aquaculture products by multi-element and stable isotope analysis. Food Chem 2015; 194:1238-44. [PMID: 26471677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The market of fishery and aquaculture products is globalized with increasing numbers of mislabeled products. This highlights the need for approaches to indentify the origin of these products. Among the measures used to identify the origin of other agro-products, multi-element and stable isotope analysis are promising approaches to identify the authenticity and traceability of fishery and aquaculture products. The present paper reviews the use of multi-element and stable isotope analysis to determine the origin of fishery and aquaculture products. Principles and limitations of each method will be illustrated and perspectives for traceability of fishery and aquaculture products will be discussed. The aim of this review is to mediate fundamental knowledge for the interpretation of experimental data on authentication of aquaculture products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Claude E Boyd
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhenlong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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32
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Basar N, Oridupa OA, Ritchie KJ, Nahar L, Osman NMM, Stafford A, Kushiev H, Kan A, Sarker SD. Comparative Cytotoxicity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Roots from Different Geographical Origins Against Immortal Human Keratinocyte (HaCaT), Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) and Liver Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:944-8. [PMID: 25779384 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as 'liquorice', is a well-known medicinal plant. Roots of this plant have long been used as a sweetening and flavouring agent in food and pharmaceutical products, and also as a traditional remedy for cough, upper and lower respiratory ailments, kidney stones, hepatitis C, skin disorder, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers and stomach ache. Previous pharmacological and clinical studies have revealed its antitussive, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. While glycyrrhizin, a sweet-tasting triterpene saponin, is the principal bioactive compound, several bioactive flavonoids and isoflavonoids are also present in the roots of this plant. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of nine samples of the roots of G. glabra, collected from various geographical origins, was assessed against immortal human keratinocyte (HaCaT), lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using the in vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide cell toxicity/viability assay. Considerable variations in levels of cytotoxicity were observed among various samples of G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazah Basar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Olayinka Ayotunde Oridupa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK.,Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth J Ritchie
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Nashwa Mostafa M Osman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Angela Stafford
- ADAS UK Ltd, Rosemaund, Preston Wynne, Hereford, HR1 3PG, UK
| | | | | | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
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33
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Geoherbalism evaluation of Radix Angelica sinensis based on electronic nose. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 105:101-106. [PMID: 25543288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radix Angelica sinensis (Danggui, DG), derived from the dry root of Angelicae sinensis, is popularly used for its antioxidant, hematinic and immuno-enhancement. However, DG from different origins possess different quality, and difficult to identity. In this study, we used electronic nose technique to investigate DG from different producing areas for monitoring the correlation of origin and quality. The electronic nose was employed to establish classification model of DG originated from four main producing areas of Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei in China. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were performed to differentiate DG samples from four main producing areas. The content of phthalides of DG were determined to confirm the quality changes and investigate its correlation with the odor response values by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results of PCA and DFA analysis showed that the electronic nose could accurately distinguish DG from four main producing areas. The method of electronic nose for identification could be verified by GC-MS technology, and the main ingredient content was consistent with its odor of DG. In conclusion, electronic nose could effectively identify different origins of DG, and could be applied for rapid identification and quality control of genuine Angelica herbs.
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