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Araj‐Shirvani M, Honarvar M, Jahadi M, Mizani M. Biochemical profile of Dunaliella isolates from different regions of Iran with a focus on pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential applications. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4914-4926. [PMID: 39055206 PMCID: PMC11266925 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate three species of Dunaliella microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Dunaliella viridis, and Dunaliella sp.) indigenous to Iran as new sources of natural chemical and bioactive compounds for exploring pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential applications. The results showed that the fat, carbohydrate (mono- and di-saccharide), dietary fiber, and protein content of Dunaliella were in the range of 13.19-25.02, 7.59-12.37, 42.10-48.82, and 17.68-22.50 (%), respectively. Dunaliella salina contained a pigment fraction of 11.50%, which was largely composed of carotenoid (7.41%) and chlorophyll (4.09%). Antioxidant capacity and inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of Dunaliella salina were 34.54 mg/1000 g and 55.63%, respectively. The lipid profile also revealed that three isolated Dunaliella are remarkable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (25.42%-40.13%). Further, the ratios of ∑n-3/∑n-6 (2.79%), docosahexaenoic acid (6.15%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.26%) were the highest in Dunaliella salina. The results, thus, proved that Dunaliella spp., especially Dunaliella salina (IBRC-M 50030), which originates from a lake in Semnan province, Iran, has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its appropriate biopigment, protein, lipid, antioxidant activity, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Araj‐Shirvani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Masoud Honarvar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mahshid Jahadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureIsfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Mizani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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2
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Zhu H, Yi X, Jia SS, Liu CY, Han ZW, Han BX, Jiang GC, Ding ZF, Wang RL, Lv GP. Optimization of Three Extraction Methods and Their Effect on the Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense. Molecules 2023; 28:8019. [PMID: 38138509 PMCID: PMC10745764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium huoshanense is a famous edible and medicinal herb, and polysaccharides are the main bioactive component in it. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), and hot water extraction (HWE) conditions and obtain the polysaccharides named DHP-E, DHP-UM, and DHP-H. The effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties, structure characteristics, and bioactivity of polysaccharides were compared. The differential thermogravimetric curves indicated that DHP-E showed a broader temperature range during thermal degradation compared with DHP-UM and DHP-H. The SEM results showed that DHP-E displayed an irregular granular structure, but DHP-UM and DHP-H were sponge-like. The results of absolute molecular weight indicated that polysaccharides with higher molecular weight detected in DHP-H and DHP-UM did not appear in DHP-E due to enzymatic degradation. The monosaccharide composition showed that DHPs were all composed of Man, Glc, and Gal but with different proportions. Finally, the glycosidic bond types, which have a significant effect on bioactivity, were decoded with methylation analysis. The results showed that DHPs contained four glycosidic bond types, including Glcp-(1→, →4)-Manp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, and →4,6)-Manp-(1→ with different ratios. Furthermore, DHP-E exhibited better DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These findings could provide scientific foundations for selecting appropriate extraction methods to obtain desired bioactivities for applications in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Si-Si Jia
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Chun-Yao Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Zi-Wei Han
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
| | - Bang-Xing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China
| | - Gong-Cheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Zheng-Feng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Ren-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules of Jiangsu Province, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 211200, China; (G.-C.J.); (Z.-F.D.)
| | - Guang-Ping Lv
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.-S.J.); (C.-Y.L.); (Z.-W.H.)
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3
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Lapčíková B, Lapčík L, Barták P, Valenta T, Dokládalová K. Effect of Extraction Methods on Aroma Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Acceptability of Specialty Coffee Brews. Foods 2023; 12:4125. [PMID: 38002183 PMCID: PMC10669957 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialty coffees from various geographical origins were processed using different extraction methods. Four extraction techniques were employed: cold brew (CB), espresso (ES), French press (FR), and aeropress (AE). The potential health benefits of coffee brews were linked to their antioxidant activity, as determined by the DPPH assay, and total polyphenol content (TPC) measured through the Folin-Ciocalteu reducing-capacity assay. The Columbia (C) espresso coffee type (omni-roasting) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (86.31 ± 0.70) μmol/100 mL, with a TPC value of (44.41 ± 0.35) mg GAE/g. Quantitative analyses of caffeine and chlorogenic acid were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluation of coffee aroma profiles involved the application of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and was complemented by sensory analysis following the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) standard protocol. The predominant volatile compounds found in all samples included furans, phenols, pyrazines, and terpenes. The EY espresso type (medium dark roasting) had the highest levels of most coffee volatiles. The C cold brew type (omni-roasting) was rated as the preferred coffee in terms of its sensory characteristics and flavour. In summary, ES and CB were found to be more effective extraction methods for the parameters assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Lapčíková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic or (B.L.); (P.B.)
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (K.D.)
| | - Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic or (B.L.); (P.B.)
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (K.D.)
| | - Petr Barták
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic or (B.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Tomáš Valenta
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (K.D.)
| | - Kateřina Dokládalová
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (K.D.)
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Li K, Zhong W, Li P, Ren J, Jiang K, Wu W. Recent advances in lignin antioxidant: Antioxidant mechanism, evaluation methods, influence factors and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:125992. [PMID: 37544567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a by-product of processing lignocellulosic materials, has a polyphenolic structure and can be used as an antioxidant directly or synergistically with synthetic types of antioxidants, leading to different applications. Its antioxidant mechanism is mainly related to the production of ROS, but the details need to be further investigated. The antioxidant property of lignin is mainly related to the content of phenolic hydroxyl group, but methoxy, purity will also have an effect on it. In addition, different methods to detect the antioxidant properties of lignin have different advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the antioxidant mechanism of lignin, the methods to determine the antioxidant activity and the progress of its application in various fields are reviewed. In addition, the current research on the antioxidant properties of lignin and the hot directions are provided, and an outlook on the research into the antioxidant properties of lignin is provided to broaden its potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangjie Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Nawaz R, Haider S, Anjum M, Oad VK, Haider A, Khan R, Aqif M, Hanif T, Khan N. Optimized photodegradation of palm oil agroindustry waste effluent using multivalent manganese-modified black titanium dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27831-3. [PMID: 37266783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a methodological approach to use manganese (Mn3+Mn7+)-modified black titanium dioxide (Mn/BTiO2) as a photocatalyst to optimize and improve visible-light-driven photodegradation of treated agro-industrial effluent (TPOME). A modified wet chemical process was used to prepare BTiO2. The BTiO2 was then wet impregnated with Mn and calcined at 300 °C for 1 h to produce Mn/BTiO2. The activity of Mn/BTiO2 was investigated in terms of photo-assisted elimination of chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenolic compounds (PCs), color, and total organic carbon (TOC). Using the design of experiments (DOE), the conditions of the photocatalytic process, including photocatalyst loading, Mn concentration, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose, and irradiation time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions (0.85 g/L photocatalyst loading, 0.048 mol/L H2O2 dose, 0.301 wt.% Mn concentration, and 204 min irradiation time) COD, PCs, color, and TOC removal efficiencies of 88.87%, 86.04%, 62.8%, and 84.66%, respectively, were obtained. Statistical analysis showed that the response variable's removal from TPOME estimation had high R2 and low RMSE, MSE, MAD, MAE, and MAPE values, indicating high reliability. This study demonstrated the significant potential of the developed photocatalytic system for the treatment of waste effluent generated by the palm oil industry and other agro-industries, with the ability to simultaneously reduce a number of organic pollution indicators (OPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rab Nawaz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzammil Anjum
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Shamsabad, Murree Rd, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Vipin Kumar Oad
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aqif
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute, Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23460, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Hanif
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Nasruulah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, District Dir Lower, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
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6
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Deng H, Ma L, Gong D, Xue S, Ackah S, Prusky D, Bi Y. BTH-induced joint regulation of wound healing at the wounds of apple fruit by JA and its downstream transcription factors. Food Chem 2023; 410:135184. [PMID: 36623456 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonic acids (JAs) are important injury signaling molecules, which participate in the process of wound healing in plants. However, how JA and its downstream transcription factors involve in wound healing in apple fruit mediated by BTH has not been reported yet. In the present study, BTH treatment up-regulated gene expression of MdLOX3.1, MdAOS1, MdAOC, and MdOPR3, promoting JA synthesis at fruit wounds. Moreover, BTH up-regulated the gene expression of MdMYC2, MdGAIPB, and MdMYB108 transcription factors and increased MdPAL1, Md4CL2, MdCOMT1, and MdCAD6 expression. In addition, BTH facilitated the synthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolism products and accelerated suberin polyphenolics deposition at the wounds, which effectively reduced fruit weight loss and lesion diameter of apple fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum during healing. It is suggested that BTH induced wound healing in apple fruit by the stimulating JA and its downstream transcription factors, and phenylpropanoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Di Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Sulin Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sabina Ackah
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Asemi NN, AlNatheer Y, Shanmuganathan R, Brindhadevi K. Deciphering the fluorescence quenching potential of Croton bonplandianum leaves and detection of bioactive molecules using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138024. [PMID: 36731667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to screen the active phytochemicals and analyze antioxidant activity of Croton bonplandianum. In addition, cadmium telluride quantum dots were used to analyze the fluorescence quenching capabilities of Croton bonplandianum plants. UPLC-ESI-MS was used to screen polyphenols in the mass range of 100-2000, with both positive and negative ionizations. Based on molecular weight, 7-Spirostanoldihexoside isomer, Rutin, Quercetin hexoside, Kaempferol-3-O-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and (E) Catechin-(E) Gallocatechin were tentatively identified. In total, 63.34 mg of polyphenols and 20.36 mg of flavonoids were detected. Lipid peroxidation IC50 values were 212, 38, 56, and 365 g/mL for DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radicals. Reducing power of the plant material showed the maximum absorbance of 0.56 in 500 μg/mL concentration. Furthermore, the plant extract quenched cadmium telluride quantum dots fluorescence in a dose dependent manner. The results from quenching concluded that Croton bonplandianum with QDs might be used as a drug targeting and delivery nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassar N Asemi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser AlNatheer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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Stabrauskiene J, Marksa M, Ivanauskas L, Viskelis P, Viskelis J, Bernatoniene J. Citrus × paradisi L. Fruit Waste: The Impact of Eco-Friendly Extraction Techniques on the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051276. [PMID: 36904275 PMCID: PMC10005199 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been the subject of extensive research over the years due to their impressive antioxidant properties, the health benefits of flavanones, and their potential use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Grapefruit have been shown in studies to improve overall health, with numerous potential benefits, including improved heart health, reduced risk of certain cancers, improved digestive health, and improved immune system function. The development of cyclodextrin complexes is an exciting approach to increasing the content of flavanones such as naringin and naringenin in the extraction medium while improving the profile of beneficial phenolic compounds and the antioxidant profile. This research aims to optimize the extraction conditions of the flavanones naringin and naringenin with additional compounds to increase their yield from different parts of grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi L.) fruits, such as albedo and segmental membranes. In addition, the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts produced conventionally and with -cyclodextrin was examined and compared. In addition, antioxidant activity was measured using the radical scavenging activity assay (ABTS), radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The yield of naringin increased from 10.53 ± 0.52 mg/g to 45.56 ± 5.06 mg/g to 51.11 ± 7.63 mg/g of the segmental membrane when cyclodextrins (α, β-CD) were used; naringenin increased from 65.85 ± 10.96 μg/g to 91.19 ± 15.19 μg/g of the segmental membrane when cyclodextrins (α, β-CD) were used. Furthermore, the results showed that cyclodextrin-assisted extraction had a significant impact in significantly increasing the yield of flavanones from grapefruit. In addition, the process was more efficient and less expensive, resulting in higher yields of flavanones with a lower concentration of ethanol and effort. This shows that cyclodextrin-assisted extraction is an excellent method for extracting valuable compounds from grapefruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Stabrauskiene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6006-3349
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Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity and Clustering Analysis of Propolis Samples Based on PCA from Different Regions of Anatolia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031121. [PMID: 36770788 PMCID: PMC9920892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical composition and biological activity of propolis samples from different regions of Türkiye to characterize and classify 24 Anatolian propolis samples according to their geographical origin. Chemometric techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA), were applied for the first time to all data, including antioxidant capacity, individual phenolic constituents, and the antimicrobial activity of propolis to reveal the possible clustering of Anatolian propolis samples according to their geographical origin. As a result, the total phenolic content (TPC) of the propolis samples varied from 16.73 to 125.83 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g) sample, while the number of total flavonoids varied from 57.98 to 327.38 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g) sample. The identified constituents of propolis were phenolic/aromatic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid), phenolic aldehyde (vanillin), and flavonoids (pinocembrin, kaempferol, pinobanksin, and apigenin). This study has shown that the application of the PCA chemometric method to the biochemical composition and biological activity of propolis allows for the successful clustering of Anatolian propolis samples from different regions of Türkiye, except for samples from the Black Sea region.
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Araya N, Leiva-Soto MA, Bruna MV, Castro-Munoz A, Behrend-Keim B, Moraga-Espinoza D, Bahamondez-Canas TF. Formulation of water-soluble Buddleja globosa Hope extracts and characterization of their antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921511. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Buddleja globosa Hope (BG) extracts are traditionally used to treat skin and gastric ulcers due to their healing properties. Non-aqueous solvents such as ethanol and DMSO are usually used to extract naturally occurring compounds. However, the cytotoxicity of these solvents and the low water solubility of the extracted compounds can hinder their biomedical applications. To overcome the limited solubility of the BG extracts, we aimed to enhance the solubility by processing a standardized hydroalcoholic extract (BG-126) through spray drying (SD), with and without two solubility enhancers. Spray-dried BG (BG-SD) extracts and spray-dried BG extracts plus polyvinylpyrrolidone (BG-SD PVP) and Soluplus® (BG-SD SP) were developed starting from BG-126 (containing 53% ethanol). These four formulations were characterized by total phenolic content, water solubility at 25°C and 37°C, and antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the SD formulations presented a solubility that allowed them to reach maximum concentrations of 1,024 μg/ml catechin for BG-SD and 2,048 μg/ml catechin for BG-SD PVP and BG-SD SP for antimicrobial testing. BG-SD showed the highest antimicrobial potency with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 512 μg/ml catechin, followed by BG-126 with a MIC of 1,024 μg/ml catechin and SP. BG-126 was also shown to inhibit biofilm formation, as well as the excipients PVP and SP. The spray-dried BG (BG-SD) extract represents a promising natural active component with enhanced antimicrobial properties against P. aeruginosa for further research and the development of novel phytopharmaceuticals.
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11
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Wang Y, Chen X, Wu B, Ma T, Jiang H, Mi Y, Jiang C, Zang H, Zhao X, Li C. Potential and mechanism for bioremediation of papermaking black liquor by a psychrotrophic lignin-degrading bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. C2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129534. [PMID: 35850064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To meet the challenge of bioremediation of black liquor in pulp and paper mills at low temperatures, a psychrotrophic lignin-degrading bacterium was employed in black liquor treatment for the first time. In this study, Arthrobacter sp. C2 exhibited excellent cold adaptability and lignin degradation ability, with a lignin degradation rate of 65.5% and a mineralization rate of 43.9% for 3 g/L lignin at 15 °C. Bioinformatics analysis and multiple experiments confirmed that cold shock protein 1 (Csp1) was the dominant cold regulator of strain C2, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) played a crucial role in lignin degradation. Moreover, structural equation modeling (SEM), mRNA monitoring, and phenotypic variation analysis demonstrated that Csp1 not only mediated cold adaptation but also modulated DyP activity by controlling dyp gene expression, thus driving lignin depolymerization for strain C2 at low temperatures. Furthermore, 96.4% of color, 64.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 100% of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃--N) were removed from papermaking black liquor by strain C2 within 15 days at 15 °C. This study provides insights into the association between the cold regulator and catalytic enzyme of psychrotrophic bacteria and offers a feasible alternative strategy for the bioremediation of papermaking black liquor in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Bowen Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hanyi Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yaozu Mi
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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12
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Study on the color effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate under different pH and temperatures in a model beverage system. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Wang X, Zhang X, Sun M, Wang L, Zou Y, Fu L, Han C, Li A, Li L, Zhu C. Impact of vanillin on postharvest disease control of apple. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979737. [PMID: 36090122 PMCID: PMC9456617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple fruits are susceptible to infection by postharvest fungal pathogens, which may cause fruit decay and severe economic losses. This study investigated the antifungal spectrum of vanillin against common decay pathogens of apple and explored the antifungal mechanisms of vanillin in vitro. In vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of vanillin on apple postharvest disease control and fruit quality. Moreover, the induced resistance mechanism of vanillin on apple fruit was preliminarily explored. The results showed that vanillin has broad-spectrum antifungal effects, especially on Alternaria alternata. Vanillin could significantly inhibit the growth rate, mycelium biomass, and spore germination of pathogenic fungi by increasing the cell membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, vanillin treatment reduced the incidence of apple decay caused by A. alternata and Penicillium expansum, and contributed to improve fruit quality. Further studies indicated that vanillin could induce elevation in the activities of defense-related enzymes in apple fruit, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (β-1,3-GA), and increase total phenols and flavonoids contents. Generally, these results suggest that vanillin may contribute to the induced resistance of apple fruits to pathogenic fungi. To conclude, the results of this research provide theoretical foundations for the application of vanillin in the control of apple postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaoyuan Zou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Fu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuanyu Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anqing Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Limei Li
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Science, Changchun, China
- Limei Li,
| | - Chunyu Zhu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Zhu,
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14
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Li LX, Chen MS, Zhang ZY, Paulsen BS, Rise F, Huang C, Feng B, Chen XF, Jia RY, Ding CB, Feng SL, Li YP, Chen YL, Huang Z, Zhao XH, Yin ZQ, Zou YF. Structural features and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937581. [PMID: 36091763 PMCID: PMC9449496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three acidic polysaccharides from different plant parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. Modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, and the yields of these three polysaccharides were different. According to the preliminary experimental results, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from rhizomes and fibrous roots (CLFP-1) were poor, and was thus not studied further. Due to this the structural features of polysaccharides from roots (CLRP-1) and aerial parts (CLSP-1) were the object for this study and were structurally characterized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. As revealed by the results, the molecular weight of CLRP-1and CLSP-1 were 15.9 kDa and 26.4 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of CLRP-1 was Ara, Rha, Fuc, Xyl, Man, Gal, GlcA, GalA in a ratio of 3.8: 8.4: 1.0: 0.8: 2.4: 7.4: 7.5: 2.0: 66.7, and Ara, Rha, Gal, GalA in a ratio of 5.8: 8.9: 8.0: 77.0 in for CLSP-1. The results of structural elucidation indicated that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 were pectic polysaccharides, mainly composed of 1, 4-linked galacturonic acid with long homogalacturonan regions. Arabinogalactan type I and arabinogalactan type II were presented as side chains. The antioxidant assay in IPEC-J2 cells showed that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 promoted cell viability and antioxidant activity, which significantly increase the level of total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 also showed powerful antioxidant abilities in Caenorhabditis elegans and might regulate the nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor, induced antioxidant enzymes activities, and further reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents to increase the antioxidant ability of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, these finding suggest that CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 could be used as potential antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Si Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Bang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shi-Ling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
| | - Zhen Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecology Restoration and Conservation on Forestry and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Chen, ; Yuan-Feng Zou,
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15
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Liu J, Zhang X, Tian J, Li Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Feng F, Yu X, Yang C. Multiomics analysis reveals that peach gum colouring reflects plant defense responses against pathogenic fungi. Food Chem 2022; 383:132424. [PMID: 35182869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the differences in the antioxidant capability, metabolite composition and fungal diversity in peach gum with various colours were investigated. Metabolomics revealed that peach gum comprised many small-molecule metabolites (including primary and secondary metabolites), and most polyphenols (such as flavonoids and phenolic acids) showed a significantly positive relationship with the colour deepening, total phenol content and antioxidant capability. Using fungal diversity analysis, the abundance of five fungi at the genus level increased with peach gum colour deepening, and these fungi demonstrated a significantly positive relationship with two defense hormones (salicylic acid and abscisic acid) and most polyphenols (particularly flavonoids). The gummosis pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria was among the five fungi, suggesting that peach gum colouring may reflect plant defense responses against pathogenic fungi. Additionally, the concentrations of 12 flavonoids in peach gum samples were detected based on LC-QQQ/MS, among which hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol were the most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Zhenjiang City University Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Zhenjiang City University Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Qiyue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fayun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Chenye Yang
- Central Laboratory in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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16
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Tao X, Shi H, Cao A, Cai L. Understanding of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of ovalbumin-sodium alginate composite nanoparticle-encapsulated kaempferol/tannin acid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18115-18126. [PMID: 35874031 PMCID: PMC9245490 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, ovalbumin (OVA) and sodium alginate (SA) were used as the materials to prepare an OVA–SA composite carrier, which protected and encapsulated the hydrophobic kaempferol (KAE) and the hydrophilic tannic acid (TA) (OVA–SA, OVA–TA–SA, OVA–KAE–SA, and OVA–TA–KAE–SA). Results showed that the observation of small diffraction peaks in carriers proved the successful encapsulation of KAE/TA. The protein conformation of the composite nanoparticles changed. OVA–TA–SA composite nanoparticles had the highest α-helix content and the fewest random coils, so the protein structure of it had the strongest stability. OVA–TA–KAE–SA composite nanoparticles had the strongest system stability and thermal stability, which might be due to the synergistic effect of the two polyphenols, suggesting the encapsulation of KAE/TA increased the system stability and the thermal stability of OVA–SA composite nanoparticles. Additionally, the composite nanoparticles were endowed with antioxidant ability and antibacterial ability (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) in the order OVA–TA–SA > OVA–TA–KAE–SA > OVA–KAE–SA based on the difference in antibacterial diameter (D, mm) and square (S, mm2), indicating that polyphenols enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant ability of OVA–SA composite nanoparticles, and the enhancement effect of TA was stronger than that of KAE. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of OVA–SA composite nanoparticles in the delivery of bioactive compounds. Ovalbumin (OVA) and sodium alginate (SA) were used as materials to prepare an OVA–SA composite carrier, which encapsulated the hydrophobic kaempferol (KAE) and the hydrophilic tannic acid (TA) (OVA–SA, OVA–TA–SA, OVA–KAE–SA, and OVA–TA–KAE–SA).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Tao
- Ningbo Research Institute, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China +86 571 88982726 +86 571 88982726.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hang Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Ailing Cao
- Hangzhou Customs District Hangzhou 310007 China
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University Ningbo 315100 China +86 571 88982726 +86 571 88982726
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17
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Tao X, Shi H, Cao A, Cai L. Influence of polyphenol-metal ion-coated ovalbumin/sodium alginate composite nanoparticles on the encapsulation of kaempferol/tannin acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1288-1297. [PMID: 35460758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this research, ovalbumin (OVA) and sodium alginate (SA) were used as the materials to prepare OVA-SA composite carriers, which protected and encapsulated the hydrophobic kaempferol (KAE) and the hydrophilic tannic acid (TA). To achieve the purpose of targeted delivery, the TA-Fe3+ coating film was prepared. Results showed that the observation of small diffraction peaks in carriers proved the formation of TA/Fe3+ coating film on the surface of four composite nanoparticles (pOVA, pOVA-SA, pOVA-KAE-SA, and pOVA-KAE-TA-SA). The protein structure of the composite nanoparticles coated with TA/Fe3+ changed, and the order of the changes was pOVA-KAE > pOVA > pOVA-KAE-SA > pOVA-KAE-TA-SA > pOVA-SA. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the chromophore -C=O and the auxo-chromophore -OH are in the opposite position in the benzene ring of TA, and the two substituents have opposite effects and synergize, resulting in the different degrees of redshift of the composite nanoparticle λmax. Additionally, pOVA-SA had the highest α-helix content and the lowest random coils, conferring the protein structure the strongest stability. The coating of TA/Fe3+ increased the system stability and the thermal stability of the composite nanoparticles. Additionally, the carriers were endowed with antioxidant activity, and their antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was pOVA-KAE-TA-SA > pOVA-KAE-SA > pOVA-KAE > pOVA-SA > pOVA based on the difference in antibacterial diameter (D, mm) and square (S, mm2). pOVA-KAE-TA-SA had the strongest antioxidant activity and antibacterial ability, which improved the bioavailability of TA/KAE. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of OVA-SA composite nanoparticles in the delivery of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Tao
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hang Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Ailing Cao
- Hangzhou Customs District, Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Cheng CW, Lee SY, Chen TY, Yang MJ, Yuann JMP, Chiu CM, Huang ST, Liang JY. A study of the effect of reactive oxygen species induced by violet and blue light from oxytetracycline on the deactivation of Escherichia coli. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102917. [PMID: 35597444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC), a tetracycline antibiotic, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. In this investigation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is utilized to determine the effects of blue light (λ = 448 nm) illumination (BLIA) and violet light (λ = 403 nm) illumination (VLIA) on conformational changes in OTC at pH 7.8. The photochemical effect of OTC that is exposed to BLIA and VLIA on the deactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is studied. The deactivation of E. coli has an insignificant effect on treatment with OTC alone. OTC is relatively unstable under BLIA and VLIA illumination in an alkaline solution, and OTC has been shown to inactivate E. coli by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Less anionic superoxide radicals (O2•-) are generated from OTC that is treated with BLIA than that from VLIA treatment, so OTC is more efficient in inactivating E. coli under VLIA. Inactivation of reduction rates of 0.51 and 3.65 logs in E. coli are achieved using 0.1 mM OTC under BLIA for 120 min and VLIA for 30 min, respectively, under the same illumination intensity (20 W/m2). Two photolytic products of OTC (PPOs) are produced when OTC is exposed to BLIA and VLIA, with molecular ions at m/z 447 and 431, molecular formulae C21H22N2O9 and C21H22N2O8, and masses of 446.44 and 430.44 g/mol, respectively. The results show that when exposed to VLIA, OTC exhibits enhanced inactivation of E. coli, suggesting that the photochemical treatment of OTC is a potential supplement in a hygienic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Shwu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City 24452, Taiwan.
| | - Tang-Yu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Meei-Ju Yang
- Tea Research and Extension Station, Yangmei 326011, Taiwan.
| | - Jeu-Ming P Yuann
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuh-Tsuen Huang
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40200, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Yuan Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui-Shan 33343, Taiwan.
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19
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Ma X, Gao M, Liu S, Li Y, Sun X, Wang Q. An innovative approach for reducing the water and alkali consumption in the lactic acid fermentation via the reuse of pretreated liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127108. [PMID: 35381334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing lactic acid (LA) production and declining water and alkali consumption by reusing the pretreated liquid (PL) of spent mushroom substance (SMS) in the co-fermentation of food waste (FW) and SMS. First, the compositions of PL are identified, and the effects of the PL inhibitors on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are explored. The PL phenol concentrations exceeded 2 g/L, which affected LA fermentation. Therefore, PL phenols were removed by adjusting the pH value, and the detoxified PL (DPL) phenol concentrations were 70.3% lower than those of PL. Different PL:DPL ratios were established to reuse in the fermentation process, and the LA concentration in the 50% PL + 50% DPL group was the highest (56.7 g/L). Then, pretreated SMS was not water-washed, and a neutralizer was prepared with the PL, LA production remained unchanged. Water and NaOH consumption decreased by 84.6% and 52.0%, respectively, and no wastewater was produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Sensory and Nutraceutical Properties of Infusions Prepared with Grape Pomace and Edible-Coated Dried–Minced Grapes. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and grape/wine byproducts such as non-fermented/semi-fermented or fermented grapes, skins, and seeds are a rich source of polyphenols, known to have nutraceutical properties. Grape byproducts present a great potential for the development of new beverages, such as infusions and tisanes. This work aimed to study the effects of different drying temperatures on the sensory and chemical properties of fermented grape pomace infusions, and to evaluate the same sensory and chemical characteristics on infusions of dried–minced grapes coated with different organic matrices. At the end of the work, it was possible to conclude that the presence of some coating agents results in changes in the sensory characteristics of the infusions, also altering the recorded antioxidant activity. However, all matrices seemed suitable for coating, and none showed negative characteristics in the infusions. Furthermore, of the three infusions (50, 60, and 70 °C), the one prepared with dehydrated grape pomace at 70 °C was the one with the highest pH value, highest °Brix value, and significantly greater concentration of phenolic compounds. In the sensory analysis, the constant presence of a bitter taste and astringent sensation stood out, which are not positive aspects from a sensory point of view. However, the addition of natural flavors—especially honey—made the infusion more sensorially pleasant. Overall, grape pomace dehydrated at 70 °C made it possible to obtain a product with phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity that is more promising to integrate into human food, particularly via the preparation of infusions. Furthermore, the consumer may, if they so choose, add honey or another agent as a natural flavoring, making the final infusion more pleasant from a sensory point of view.
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Evlakhov VI, Poyassov IZ, Berezina TP. The Reciprocity of M- and N-Cholinergic Mechanisms in the Pulmonary Microcirculatory Changes in Case of Experimental Pulmonary Embolism. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Liu T, Shen H, Wang F, Zhou X, Zhao P, Yang Y, Guo Y. Thinned-Young Apple Polyphenols Inhibit Halitosis-Related Bacteria Through Damage to the Cell Membrane. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:745100. [PMID: 35281303 PMCID: PMC8905352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The thinned young apple is a by-product and is generally discarded in the orchard during fruit thinning. The polyphenol content of thinned young apples is about 10 times more than that of ripe apples. In our study, the antibacterial effect of thinned young apple polyphenols (YAP) on the halitosis-related bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedius, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of YAP against P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were 8.0, 8.0, and 12.0 mg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 10.0, 10.0, and 14.0 mg/ml, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that after YAP treatment, the membrane surface of halitosis-related bacterial cells was coarse and the cell wall and membrane were separated and eventually ruptured. The integrity of the cell membrane was determined by flow cytometry, indicating that the cells with the integrity membrane significantly reduced as the YAP concentration treatment increased. The release of proteins and nucleic acids into the cell suspension significantly increased, and the membrane potential reduced after the YAP treatment. This research illustrated the antibacterial mechanism of YAP against halitosis-related bacteria and provided a scientific basis of utilizing the polyphenols from the discarded thinned young apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Furong Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueru Zhou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengtao Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yali Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
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Dang W, Li M, Fu W, Zhu K, Liu H, Yuan J, Gao W, Chen G, Wang Z. Effects of different N-acyl-serine lactone signaling molecules on the performance of anaerobic granular sludge. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5439-5446. [PMID: 35425575 PMCID: PMC8981730 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous addition of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules can improve or inhibit the methane production performance of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) by quorum sensing (QS). To explore the specific effect of AHLs on AnGS, 2 μM of signal molecules were added to the reactor and we analyzed their effects on AnGS biodiversity, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of AnGS. The results indicated that the four types of AHLs improve the COD removal rate, SMA and organic composition of AnGS. The addition of N-(β-ketocaproyl)-dl-homoserine lactone (3O-C6-HSL) yielded the greatest increase in methanogenic activity, reaching a maximum of 30.83%. The four types of AHLs stimulate the secretion of EPS in AnGS by group sensing regulation. The addition of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-dl-lactone (C8-HSL) and 3O-C6-HSL induced the enrichment of Actinobacteria. Thus, the process of hydrolysis and acidification of AnGS is accelerated. The addition of N-butyryl-dl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), C6-HSL and 3O-C6-HSL promote the potential methanogenic metabolic pathway of AnGS. The addition of all AHLs directly or indirectly enhanced the methane metabolism pathway of sludge and improved the specific methane generation activity of AnGS. These results are expected to provide preliminary research data for enhancing the methane production efficiency of reactors and enriching the biological activity of AnGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Wencai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jinxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York Syracuse USA
| | - Wenhua Gao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guoning Chen
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi Province, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 China
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Nawaz R, Sahrin NT, Haider S, Ullah H, Junaid M, Akhtar MS, Khan S. Photocatalytic performance of black titanium dioxide for phenolic compounds removal from oil refinery wastewater: nanoparticles vs nanowires. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stobiecka M, Król J, Brodziak A. Antioxidant Activity of Milk and Dairy Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:245. [PMID: 35158569 PMCID: PMC8833589 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to present a review of literature data on the antioxidant potential of raw milk and dairy products (milk, fermented products, and cheese) and the possibility to modify its level at the milk production and processing stage. Based on the available reports, it can be concluded that the consumption of products that are a rich source of bioactive components improves the antioxidant status of the organism and reduces the risk of development of many civilization diseases. Milk and dairy products are undoubtedly rich sources of antioxidant compounds. Various methods, in particular, ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays, are used for the measurement of the overall antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products. Research indicates differences in the total antioxidant capacity of milk between animal species, which result from the differences in the chemical compositions of their milk. The content of antioxidant components in milk and the antioxidant potential can be modified through animal nutrition (e.g., supplementation of animal diets with various natural additives (herbal mixtures, waste from fruit and vegetable processing)). The antioxidant potential of dairy products is associated with the quality of the raw material as well as the bacterial cultures and natural plant additives used. Antioxidant peptides released during milk fermentation increase the antioxidant capacity of dairy products, and the use of probiotic strains contributes its enhancement. Investigations have shown that the antioxidant activity of dairy products can be enhanced by the addition of plant raw materials or their extracts in the production process. Natural plant additives should therefore be widely used in animal nutrition or as functional additives to dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Król
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.)
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LIU J, LI Y, WANG J, DING H, YANG J, ZHOU Y. Comparison of chemical and functional components of different indica brown and germinated rice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao LIU
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, China
| | - Yanyi LI
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China
| | - Jing WANG
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, China
| | - Hua DING
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, China
| | - Jie YANG
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, China
| | - Youxiang ZHOU
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, China
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27
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Yuann JMP, Lee SY, He S, Wong TW, Yang MJ, Cheng CW, Huang ST, Liang JY. Effects of free radicals from doxycycline hyclate and minocycline hydrochloride under blue light irradiation on the deactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, including a methicillin-resistant strain. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112370. [PMID: 34864528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline hyclate (DCH) and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) are tetracycline antibiotics and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The changes in DCH and MH under blue light (λ = 462 nm) irradiation in alkaline conditions (BLIA) were investigated. Deactivation caused by superoxide anion radical (O2•-) and deactivation from DCH and MH during photolysis on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), were studied. DCH is relatively unstable compared to MH under BLIA. The level of O2•- generated from the MH-treated photoreaction is lower than that from DCH photolysis, and the DCH-treated photoreaction is more efficient at inactivating S. aureus and MRSA at the same radiant intensity. DCH subjected to BLIA decreased the viability of S. aureus and MRSA by 3.84 and 5.15 log, respectively. Two photolytic products of DCH (PPDs) were generated under BLIA. The mass spectra of the PPDs featured molecular ions at m/z 460.8 and 458.8. The molecular formulas of the PPDs were C21H22N2O10 and C22H24N2O9, and their exact masses were 462.44 and 460.44 g/mol, respectively. These results bolster the photolytic oxidation that leads to DCH-enhanced deactivation of S. aureus and MRSA. Photochemical treatment of DCH could be applied as a supplement in hygienic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu-Ming P Yuann
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui Shan 333321, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City 244012, Taiwan
| | - Sin He
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui Shan 333321, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ju Yang
- Tea Research and Extension Station, Yangmei 326011, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui Shan 333321, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Tsuen Huang
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40200, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Yuan Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Gui Shan 333321, Taiwan.
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28
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Deng H, Wang B, Liu Y, Ma L, Zong Y, Prusky D, Bi Y. Sodium Hydrosulfide Induces Resistance Against Penicillium expansum in Apples by Regulating Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide Activation of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:720372. [PMID: 34539612 PMCID: PMC8440896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.720372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifunctional signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to induce plant responses to a variety of abiotic stresses. However, there are no reports on H2S treatment inducing resistance in apples against Penicillium expansum, a biotic factor, and its possible mechanism of action. In this study, fumigating apples with 5 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), the exogenous donor of H2S, for 12 h reduced the diameter of lesions in fruit colonized by P. expansum. NaHS treatment markedly promoted the synthesis of endogenous H2S, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrogen oxide (NO). In vivo NaHS treatment enhanced the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase isoenzymes, caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase, caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, ferulic acid-5-hydroxylase, cinnamyl-CoA reductase, and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase. The treatment also facilitated the production of specific phenolic acids, such as cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid; total phenolic compounds; p-coumaryl alcohol; coniferyl alcohol; sinapyl alcohol; and lignin. NaHS treatment induced resistance against P. expansum in apples through H2O2- and NO-mediated activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Deng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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29
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Gomes CL, Silva CCAR, Melo CGDE, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, DA Silva RMF, Rolim LA, Rolim Neto PJ. Development of an analytical method for determination of polyphenols and total tannins from leaves of Syzygium cumini L. Skeels. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190373. [PMID: 34287463 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio C A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco Governador Miguel Arraes (LAFEPE), Largo de Dois Irmãos, 1117, Dois Irmãos, 52171-010 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila G DE Melo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Magda R A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rosali M F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Central de Análise de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Rolim Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Preparation of cassava fiber-iron nanoparticles composite for electrochemical determination of tea polyphenol. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cordoba A, Hernández R, Viveros-Palma I, Mendoza S, Guevara-González RG, Feregrino-Pérez AA, Esquivel K. Effect on plant growth parameters and secondary metabolite content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) watered with disinfected water by Ag-TiO 2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37130-37141. [PMID: 33710485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of different nanoscale structures has been introduced to a large number of research areas. One of these is the treatment and remediation of water through photocatalytic processes, seeking to reuse wastewater for agriculture. In this paper, Lactuca sativa, Coriandrum sativum, and Capsicum annuum were used as crop models to observe the effects in plant growth and the secondary metabolism of different water qualities and types used in the watering process. Initial results show that the photocatalytic process's water maintains a pH and ion concentration within the allowed limits, significantly reducing the number of bacteria. Along the growth process, an influence on germination times, appearance of true leaves, maturation, and fruit production depending on the type of water used is observed, obtaining the best results in both growth times and quantity of fruits, for the 50% and 70% disinfected water/tap water (DW/TAW) study groups. Secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, were studied to evaluate changes in the vegetables' composition, showing increased concentration for the disinfected water groups in most specimens. Additionally, no traces of metals and microorganisms were detected, concluding that the crops are viable to be consumed by human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Cordoba
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México
| | - Rafael Hernández
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México
| | - Iliana Viveros-Palma
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, México
| | - Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México
| | - Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México
| | - Karen Esquivel
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Santiago de Querétaro Qro, México.
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Effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf extracts on growth, immune response, and antioxidant functions in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluates how white mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts affect the growth, antioxidant activity, and immune response in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Mulberry leaf extracts were obtained through aqueous extraction (AE) and ethanol extraction (EE). Powder of mulberry leaf (PML) was added directly to feed and compared with the effects of feeds supplemented with the different extracts. Fish were divided into eight groups for an 8-week feeding trial where they were fed the basal diet or supplementation with 10% PML, 10% AE, 20% AE, 40% AE, 10% EE, 20% EE, or 40% EE. The inclusion of mulberry leaf extract obtained with either method showed better effects on fish growth performance, antioxidant activities and acid phosphatase activity (ACP) in serum, immune cytokine expression, and intestinal morphology as compared with controls or fish fed the 10% PML diet. The specific growth rate was significantly higher in the 10% AE, 10% EE, and 20% EE groups compared with all other groups (P<0.05). Catalase activity was significantly greater in most groups fed an extract, and in the 10% PML group, when compared with controls. Similarly, ACP, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-2 expression was significantly increased in groups fed an extract, and in the 10% PML group, when compared with controls (P<0.05). IL-1, IL-2, IL-10, and Toll-like receptor 2 expression was significantly greater in the 10% EE group than in the 10% PML and 10% AE groups (P<0.05). Villus length in the middle intestine was significantly increased in the 10% AE and 10% EE groups compared with controls and the 10% PML group (P<0.05). Thus, 10% mulberry leaf ethanol extract added to feed is recommended for enhancing the growth rate and health of cultured Nile tilapia.
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Evlakhov VI, Berezina TP, Poyassov IZ, Ovsyannikov VI. Pulmonary Microcirculation during Experimental Pulmonary Thromboembolism under Conditions of Activation and Blockade of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:198-201. [PMID: 34173102 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in pulmonary microcirculation were studied in isolated perfused rabbit lungs during modelling pulmonary thromboembolism under conditions of acetylcholine infusion against the background of treatment with M1 acetylcholine receptor blocker pirenzepine or blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with atropine. In the first case, the increase in pulmonary artery pressure was less pronounced than in case of atropine treatment. In response to pulmonary embolism after acetylcholine infusion against the background of pirenzepine pretreatment, the capillary hydrostatic pressure and postcapillary resistance did not change, while after atropine treatment, these parameters increased. In case of pulmonary embolism after acetylcholine infusion combined with selective blockade of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, the capillary filtration coefficient increased to a greater extent, than in the control and after blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Evlakhov
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Visceral System, Institute of the Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - T P Berezina
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Visceral System, Institute of the Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Z Poyassov
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Visceral System, Institute of the Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V I Ovsyannikov
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Visceral System, Institute of the Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Pandey P, Grover K, Dhillon TS, Kaur A, Javed M. Evaluation of polyphenols enriched dairy products developed by incorporating black carrot ( Daucus carota L.) concentrate. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06880. [PMID: 34013075 PMCID: PMC8113845 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy products like ice cream, yogurt and buttermilk are consumed widely due to their rich taste but these products lack anthocyanins, which are polyphenol and exhibit great antioxidant activity in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Therefore, adding a natural source of these antioxidants to the commonly consumed dairy product will be beneficial to the masses. Among all the sources, black carrots are the extraordinary and cheapest source of anthocyanins, which are commonly consumed as a natural fermented drink. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the feasibility of black carrot concentrate as an ingredient into dairy products. METHODOLOGY Ice cream, yogurt and buttermilk were prepared by incorporating black carrot concentrate at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% level and were subjected to sensory analysis. The most acceptable products with 7.5% black carrot concentrate were analyzed for minerals, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Effects of storage on physicochemical, microbial and sensory attributes of black carrot concentrate incorporated dairy products were further analyzed. RESULTS Sensory analysis revealed that black carrot concentrate could be used up to 7.5% as an ingredient into dairy product with high acceptability. Significant improvement in mineral content (Mg and Fe), polyphenols and antioxidant activity were reported in black carrot concentrate added dairy products. Developed dairy products exhibited an excellent amount of 24.52-113.27 mg/100g anthocyanins. Flavonoids increased by 14.52-34.62 times and Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity increased by 26.39-35.87 times in experimental dairy products. The storage study revealed that ice cream could be stored for more than 60 days, yogurt up to 5 days and buttermilk up to 10 days with excellent stability attributes. CONCLUSION Incorporation of black carrot concentrate at the level of 7.5% resulted in high acceptability and exceptional nutraceutical property of dairy products. Incorporation of black carrot concentrate into dairy products would enhance the nutraceutical properties and mineral content of food, which could be highly significant in preventing hidden hunger and oxidative stress-induced disorders in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Pandey
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, 144411, India
| | - Kiran Grover
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | | | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Mohammed Javed
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Roque Borda CA, Katerine Aranda Medina C, Felismino Silveira R, Ayleen Bustos Mac-Lean P, Vacaro de Souza A, Ferrari Putti F, Festozo Vicente E. COMPARATIVE ACTIVITY OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM UNCARIA TOMENTOSA ENHANCED WITH CITRIC ACID. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2021. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2021v15n1p69-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa, a climbing vine notable for containing high concentrations of oxindole alkaloids and phenolic compounds, is commonly used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Also, the citric acid is a food additive widely used for conservation, due to its low cost. In this way, this study aims to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds from Uncaria tomentosa and investigate its antioxidant activity when citric acid, at different concentrations, is added to the extract. For this purpose, a gradient of citric acid concentrations was established, and the antioxidant profile from a aqueous extracts of the plant leaves and bark was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu essay; inhibition of the free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and scavenging capacity of cationic free radicals of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The results showed a synergistic effect between citric acid and antioxidant compounds from Uncaria tomentosa, presenting highly statistical significance, the synergistic effect was more efficient in the bark than in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Roque Borda
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Katerine Aranda Medina
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Raiza Felismino Silveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Vacaro de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferrari Putti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo Festozo Vicente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo Brazil
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Red mombin ( Spondias purpurea L.) seed flour as a functional component in chocolate brownies. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:612-620. [PMID: 33568855 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the technological properties of red mombin seed flour (RMSF) and its effect on the nutritional composition and physical properties of chocolate brownies. RMSF was incorporated at various levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) into the formulation, with control brownies produced using refined (white) wheat flour (WWF). Results demonstrated that the addition of RMSF was beneficial to dietary fiber and ash content. Mineral profiles were shown to be an important factor for recommended daily intake values. Moreover, the antioxidant activity in this dessert increased approximately 13% due to the addition of RMSF, thus allowing longer preservation of the product in face of oxidation. Regarding textural parameters, the lowest concentration (25%) was sufficient to improve chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness and resilience. Therefore, the incorporation of RMSF in chocolate brownies was capable of completely replacing WWF, improving physical and nutritional characteristics.
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Abstract
Catechin exhibits numerous physiological characteristics. In this study, we determined the photosensitivity of catechin to various lights under alkaline conditions, and the mechanisms by which catechin generates free radical species and polymerizes via a photoreaction. In addition to this, the application of catechin photolysis was investigated. A solution of catechin is transparent, but turns yellowish under blue light illumination (BLI) in neutral or weak alkaline solutions. When catechin is subjected to BLI, a dimeric catechin (proanthocyanidin) and a superoxide anion radical (O2•−) are generated in a photolytic reaction. When ascorbic acid or gallic acid is added to catechin and the mixture is subjected to BLI at alkaline pH, fewer catechin dimers and less O2•− are produced, because both acids inhibit the photosensitive oxidation of catechin. When AlCl3 is added to catechin and the mixture is subjected to BLI at pH 8, a photolytic reaction is suppressed by AlCl3, and AlCl3 acts as a catalyst for the disconnection of proanthocyanidin during photolysis. Under alkaline conditions, catechin generates O2•− via photosensitive oxidation, which suppresses the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) by at least 4 logs, and deactivates its multi-drug-resistant strain. This study shows that catechin photolysis is a process of oxidation, and that it can be safely applied as a tool for environmental applications.
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Lee SE, Sivtseva S, Lim C, Okhlopkova Z, Cho S. Artemisia kruhsiana leaf extract induces autophagic cell death in human prostate cancer cells. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:134-142. [PMID: 33641784 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some species of Artemisia have been reported to induce apoptosis and autophagy, but little is known of the apoptotic and autophagic effects of the stems and leaves of Artemisia kruhsiana Bess. (AkB). This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-autophagic effects of the methanol extracts of the stems (EAkBs) and leaves (EAkBl) of AkB on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. The antioxidant effects of EAkBs and EAkBl were measured using in vitro total flavonoid and total phenolic assays and a free radical scavenging assay. The effects of EAkBl on cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and protein expression levels were also investigated. EAkBl was found to induce apoptosis, autophagy, and intracellular ROS generation in PC-3 cells. In terms of protein levels, EAkBl reduced phospho (p)-protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) ratios, and the activations of beclin 1/β-actin and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) II/LC3 I ratios in PC-3 cells. The results of this study indicate EAkBl has antioxidant and anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells, and that these effects are associated with suppressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR, Bcl-2, and Bax, and the activations of beclin 1 and LC3. Our results indicate EAkBl has potential as a treatment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sardana Sivtseva
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677-027, Russia
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhanna Okhlopkova
- Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677-027, Russia.
| | - Suin Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Folin-Ciocalteu Reaction Alternatives for Higher Polyphenol Quantitation in Colombian Passion Fruits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:8871301. [PMID: 33511200 PMCID: PMC7822687 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8871301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa, Passiflora edulis Sims, and Passiflora ligularis Juss are Colombian fruits (passion fruits) of important exportation value. They act efficiently as antioxidants, antifungal, and antimicrobial compounds due to their high polyphenol content. Polyphenols can be quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reaction. Food matrices, solvent polarity, and several different reacting conditions are critical for the optimum extraction and quantification of polyphenols. Chromatographic identification and quantitation are satisfactory with access to a vast number of reference standards considering the availability of abundant phenolic compounds in crude extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternatives and specific F-C reacting conditions aiming at determining the highest total phenolic content (TPC) in three Colombian Passifloras. Among optimum reacting conditions, reduced reaction time and diluted alkali conditions yielded desirable positive results highlighting lower working time and minimum reagent waste production. For higher extraction yield, acetone 70% was the best solvent to capture more phenolics from the seedless pulp of these Colombian passion fruits.
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Churiyah C, Ningsih S, Firdayani F. The Cytotoxic, Apoptotic Induction, and Cell Cycle Arrest Activities of Solanum nigrum L. Ethanolic Extract on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3735-3741. [PMID: 33369475 PMCID: PMC8046323 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the cytotoxic, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction activities of the fruit of S. nigrum L. ethanolic-70% extract against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Methods: S. nigrum L. ripe fruit was blended and macerated with ethanol 70% and the filtrate was evaporated. The semisolid extract was then analyzed phytochemically. Cytotoxic analysis was performed using MCF-7 cancer and Vero normal cell by MTT method and followed by apoptotic and cell cycle arrest analysis using flow cytometry. Results: The phytochemical analysis resulted that extract contained total phenolic and flavonoid compounds with the level of 1.545±0.080% and 0.212±0.002%, respectively. Glycitin was the highest level of isoflavone compound, namely, 375.0844 mg/100 g extract. The cytotoxic evaluation revealed that the extract exhibited a selectively toxic effect between cancer and normal cell. The extract inhibited MCF-7 proliferation with IC50 value about 40.77±4.86 μg/mL and conversely toward Vero cell at lower cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 298.96±27.28 μg/mL. Evaluation of MCF-7 cell cycles demonstrated that the extract arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and continued to the G2/M phase at the half of the IC50 value. The extract induced apoptotic of MCF-7 cell about 43.31% in which this activity was nearly the same with doxorubicin as a positive control (59.14%). However, solamargine was predicted as the most active anticancer compounds by a molecular docking study so that it was suggested to measure the level of this compound. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the fruit of S. nigrum L. ethanolic-70% extract demonstrated cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7 breast cancer cell and nontoxic on Vero normal cell. Solamargine was predicted as the most active anticancer compound. This extract had an opportunity to be developed as a potential anticancer agent to overcome breast cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churiyah Churiyah
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, LAPTIAB Building 611, Puspiptek Area, Serpong, Tangerang-Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Sri Ningsih
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, LAPTIAB Building 611, Puspiptek Area, Serpong, Tangerang-Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Firdayani Firdayani
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, LAPTIAB Building 611, Puspiptek Area, Serpong, Tangerang-Selatan, Indonesia
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Zhai S, Li M, Xiong Y, Wang D, Fu S. Dual resource utilization for tannery sludge: Effects of sludge biochars (BCs) on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from sludge anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123903. [PMID: 32763801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Resource utilization of organic matters in tannery sludge has drawn great attention. In this paper, the influences of sludge biochars (BCs) on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from the anaerobic digestion of sludge supernatant (SST) were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the VFAs yields improved in the presence of BCs with rich functional groups. The maximum yield of VFAs was 1037.5 mg/g SCOD with the addition of BC-1 biochar (zeta potential -50.42 mV). BCs decreased ammonia nitrogen concentration, thus reducing inhibition for bacteria during the anaerobic digestion. Microbial community analysis indicated that the BCs affected microbial community structures and contributed to a favorable environment for bacteria. Especially, the BC-1 biochar with rich functional groups enhanced the relative abundance of acid-forming bacteria (Clostridiales). A dual strategy was proposed to improve the resource utilization efficiency for tannery sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhai
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yonghui Xiong
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Suzhou Sunmun Technology Co.,Ltd, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215337, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center For Digital Textile Inkjet Printing, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Suzhou Sunmun Technology Co.,Ltd, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215337, China.
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Eckardt M, Benisch R, Simat TJ. Characterisation, release and migration of phenolic compounds from resoles used in polyester-phenol coatings intended for food contact materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1791-1810. [PMID: 32706303 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1782480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resoles are multifarious pre-polymeric resins produced by the condensation of basic chemicals phenols, formaldehyde and optionally aliphatic alcohols like butanol. They are widely used as cross-linkers to form resistant internal coatings on metal surfaces of cans, containers or closures. Although the application of resoles is common in food contact, usually little is known about their exact composition, the toxicological hazards of their individual constituents and the migration of phenolic compounds, e.g., of the potentially endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol F. Our study fills major gaps of knowledge in risk assessment, using the example of a two-layer polyester-phenol coating system, which is based on three different resoles and is commercially used for closures of infant food glass jars. Various analytical approaches, namely size-exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, fluorescence and diode array detection as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were evaluated to quantitatively characterise resoles. Additionally, derivatisation with dansyl chloride as well as Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay was adapted first times to determine the total phenol content from technical resoles. Individual mono- and bisphenols were determined in resoles up to about 120 mg/g, while the concentration of bisphenol F isomers was below 10 mg/g. Migration from the coating system was determined after sterilisation (121°C, 1 h, 20% ethanol). Results were ~2 µg/dm2 for identified individual mono-phenols like 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and up to ~120 µg/dm2 for total phenolic compounds, representing approximately 7% of the overall migration. The migration of bisphenol F isomers was negligible below 0.3 µg/dm2. Potential exposure to migrating phenols was assessed based on the threshold of toxicological concern concept to be significantly below for individual phenols and in the same order of magnitude for total phenols compared to the respective thresholds calculated for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eckardt
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Food and Skin Contact Materials, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Romy Benisch
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Food and Skin Contact Materials, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas J Simat
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Food and Skin Contact Materials, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
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Hızır-Kadı İ, Gültekin-Özgüven M, Altin G, Demircan E, Özçelik B. Liposomal nanodelivery systems generated from proliposomes for pollen extract with improved solubility and in vitro bioaccessibility. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05030. [PMID: 32995656 PMCID: PMC7511908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study offers a suitable and easy proliposome-liposome method that enhances the encapsulation ability of liposome structures on poor water-soluble extracts. Pollen phenolic extract (PPE) was studied to show applicability in the proposed method. The poor water-soluble PPE (0.2%, w/v) was encapsulated by liposomes generated from proliposomes (P-liposomes) that were prepared via high-pressure homogenization technique without using any organic solvents and high temperature. Only a few drops of ethanol were used to dissolve poor water-soluble compounds in PPE during the preparation of P-liposomes. The trace amount of ethanol maintained the improvement of PPE solubility in P-liposome dispersion, hence the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioactivity of PPE incorporated in P-liposomes increased. Thus, higher encapsulation efficiency was found in P-liposomes compared to conventional liposomes (C-liposomes) in which the EE was 75 and 73%, respectively. To increase the physical stability of liposome structures, the surface of both P-liposomes and C-liposomes was covered with chitosan. There were found small changes between P-liposomes and C-liposomes in terms of mean diameter size and zeta potential. On the other hand, the bioactivity of encapsulated PPE showed differences in P-liposomes and C-liposomes. The antioxidant capacity of PPE in P-liposomes enhanced approximately two times in CUPRAC and three times in DPPH assays. Also, in vitro bioaccessibility of PPE in P-liposomes increased approximately 4 and 2 folds, respectively, regarding total phenolics and flavonoids. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the increment of encapsulation behavior of liposome structures on low water-soluble extract within an aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlayda Hızır-Kadı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Gültekin-Özgüven
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Altin
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, 3946 W Stevens Way NE, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evren Demircan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,BIOACTIVE Research & Innovation Food Manufac. Indust. Trade Ltd., Katar Street, Teknokent ARI-3, B110, Sarıyer, 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tang S, Dong Q, Fang Z, Cong WJ, Zhang H. Microbial lipid production from rice straw hydrolysates and recycled pretreated glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123580. [PMID: 32502891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids were produced by both rice straw hydrolysates and recycled pretreated glycerol. First, lipid fermentation of glucose via Cryptococcus curvatus was optimized by response surface methodology. Variables were selected by Plackett-Burman design, and optimized by central composite design, achieving 4.9 g/L total lipid and 0.16 g/g lipid yield, and increased further as glucose increased from 30 to 50 g/L. Secondly, after pretreatment, 72% lignin of rice straw was removed with glucose yield increased by 2.4 times to 74% at 20% substrate and 3 FPU/g. Subsequently, its hydrolysates produced high total lipid (8.8 g/L) and lipid yield (0.17 g/g). Finally, recycled glycerol reached the maximum total lipid of 7.2 g/L and high lipid yield of 0.16 g/g. Based on the calculation, 2.9 g total lipid would be produced from 1 g rice straw and the recycled glycerol, with a similar composition to soybean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Cong
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
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Shi X, Qin T, Liu H, Wu M, Li J, Shi Y, Gao Y, Ren A. Endophytic Fungi Activated Similar Defense Strategies of Achnatherum sibiricum Host to Different Trophic Types of Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1607. [PMID: 32793143 PMCID: PMC7393327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that Epichloë endophytes can enhance the resistance of grasses to herbivory. However, reports on resistance to pathogenic fungi are limited, and their conclusions are variable. In this study, we chose pathogenic fungi with different trophic types, namely, the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphales species and the necrotrophic pathogen Curvularia lunata, to test the effects of Epichloë on the pathogen resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum. The results showed that, compared to Erysiphales species, C. lunata caused a higher degree of damage and lower photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in endophyte−free (E−) leaves. Endophytes significantly alleviated the damage caused by these two pathogens. The leaf damaged area and Fv/Fm of endophyte−infected (E+) leaves were similar between the two pathogen treatments, indicating that the beneficial effects of endophytes were more significant when hosts were exposed to C. lunata than when they were exposed to Erysiphales species. We found that A. sibiricum initiated jasmonic acid (JA)−related pathways to resist C. lunata but salicylic acid (SA)–related pathways to resist Erysiphales species. Endophytic fungi had no effect on the content of SA but increased the content of JA and total phenolic compounds, which suggest that endophyte infection might enhance the resistance of A. sibiricum to these two different trophic types of pathogens through similar pathways.
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Yadav S, Mehrotra GK, Dutta PK. Chitosan based ZnO nanoparticles loaded gallic-acid films for active food packaging. Food Chem 2020; 334:127605. [PMID: 32738726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) and zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded gallic-acid films, (Ch-ZnO@gal) have been prepared aiming for their exploitation as environmentally benign food packaging material. The chitosan films with varying quantities of zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded gallic-acid (ZnO@gal) content were synthesized in order to evaluate the effect of ZnO@gal on their optimum mechanical and biological potential. The characteristic results have shown that the incorporation of ZnO@gal into chitosan films remarkably enhanced the desired mechanical property of the chitosan films. Other noticeable physical properties such as oxygen and water vapor permeability (WVP), swelling, water solubility and UV-vis light transmittance have also been found to improve positively. SEM analysis of the films indicates a good material compatibility between chitosan and ZnO@gal matrices. Ch-ZnO@gal films possess significant antibacterial potential and strong antioxidant behavior compared to pristine chitosan. The overall results suggested that the prepared biocomposite chitosan films may be considered for active food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srasti Yadav
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MotilalNehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - G K Mehrotra
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MotilalNehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - P K Dutta
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MotilalNehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
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Coimbra AT, Luís ÂFS, Batista MT, Ferreira SMP, Duarte APC. Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivities Evaluation and Synergistic Effect of Arbutus unedo and Crataegus monogyna Extracts with Amphotericin B. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2143-2154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cantele C, Rojo-Poveda O, Bertolino M, Ghirardello D, Cardenia V, Barbosa-Pereira L, Zeppa G. In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Functional Properties of Phenolic Compounds from Enriched Beverages Based on Cocoa Bean Shell. Foods 2020; 9:E715. [PMID: 32498261 PMCID: PMC7353536 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cocoa bean shell (CBS), a cocoa by-product, contains a significant number of bioactive compounds with functional properties, such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, and is used as an ingredient in beverages and foods. In this work, the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and methylxanthines after In Vitro digestion was evaluated in new flavoured beverages for at-home consumption (capsules and tea bags). In addition, the polyphenolic composition, functional properties (antiradical and α-glucosidase inhibition capacities) and consumer acceptability of these beverages were evaluated. In both capsule and tea bag beverages, the bioaccessibility of methylxanthines was 100% while that of total polyphenols exceeded 50%. The main polyphenols determined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography were type B procyanidins and epicatechin. The antiradical activity in capsule and tea bag beverages was 1.75 and 1.88 mM of Trolox equivalents, respectively, of which 59.50% and 57.09% were recovered after simulated digestion. The percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition before In Vitro digestion (51.64% and 53.82% for capsules and tea bags, respectively) was comparable to that of acarbose at 0.5 mM. All the beverages obtained a high consumer acceptability. Therefore, these results highlight that CBSs can be used as a valid source of bioactive compounds in the preparation of beverages with homemade techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cantele
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Olga Rojo-Poveda
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
- RD3 Department-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Bertolino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Daniela Ghirardello
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Zeppa
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (C.C.); (O.R.-P.); (D.G.); (V.C.); (L.B.-P.); (G.Z.)
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49
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Liu C, Zhang W, Qu M, Pan K, Zhao X. Heterologous Expression of Laccase From Lentinula edodes in Pichia pastoris and Its Application in Degrading Rape Straw. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1086. [PMID: 32528453 PMCID: PMC7264821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rape straw cannot be efficiently degraded and utilized by ruminants due to its severe lignification and complex cross-linked structure between fiber and lignin. The laccases can catalyze the inter-unit bond cleavage in lignin substrates. Therefore, this study investigated the recombinant laccase from Lentinula edodes (LeLac) and its application in degrading rape straw. The LeLac was expressed using Pichia pastoris. It had the maximum activity at 60°C and pH 3.0 using ABTS as substrate and at 50°C and pH 4.0 using o-tolidine as substrate. The LeLac exhibited preferential oxidation of ABTS and featured resistance to high temperature, but relatively poor thermal stability. The LeLac activity could be strengthened by Cu2+ in dose-dependent manners. The LeLac could tolerate 15% of ethanol and methanol. The optimal pH for the lignin degradation of rape straw acid detergent fiber (ADF) by LeLac was 4.0. The LeLac could improve the cellulose enzymolysis of rape straw ADF by degrading its lignin. Relatively fewer lignin but more soluble phenols from original rape straw were removed by LeLac. The enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis in original rape straw should be a combined result of polyphenols removal and lignin degradation caused by LeLac. This study demonstrated that the LeLac could improve the utilization of rape straw by degrading its lignin, meanwhile it’s worth noting that removing the soluble phenols by LeLac might also play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Dorneles MS, Noreña CPZ. Extraction of bioactive compounds from
Araucaria angustifolia
bracts by microwave‐assisted extraction. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane S. Dorneles
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA/UFRGS) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Caciano P. Z. Noreña
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA/UFRGS) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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