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Bahmani M, Juhász A, Bose U, Nye-Wood MG, Blundell M, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. From grain to malt: Tracking changes of ultra-low-gluten barley storage proteins after malting. Food Chem 2024; 432:137189. [PMID: 37619393 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop produced globally. Hordeins, the major storage proteins in barley, can trigger immune responses leading to celiac disease or symptoms associated with food allergy. Here, proteomics approaches were employed to investigate the proteome level changes of grain and malt from the malting barley cultivar, Sloop, and single-, double- and triple hordein-reduced lines. The triple hordein-reduced line is an ultra-low gluten barley cultivar, Kebari®. Using discovery proteomics, 2,688 and 3,034 proteins in the barley and malt samples were detected respectively. Through the application of targeted proteomics, a significant reduction in the quantity of B-, D-, and γ-hordeins, as well as avenin-like proteins, was observed in the ultra-low gluten malt sample. A compensation mechanism was observed evidenced by increased biosynthesis of seed storage globulins, specifically vicilin-like globulins. Overall, this study has provided insights into protein compositional changes after malting in celiac-friendly barley varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Nye-Wood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | | | | | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Effects of non-starch polysaccharides from pure wheat malt beer on beer quality, in vitro antioxidant, prebiotics, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3
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Møller MS, Svensson B. Structure, Function and Protein Engineering of Cereal-Type Inhibitors Acting on Amylolytic Enzymes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:868568. [PMID: 35402513 PMCID: PMC8990303 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.868568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plants, including cereals, contain seed proteins able to inhibit amylolytic enzymes. Some of these inhibitors, the CM-proteins (soluble in chloroform:methanol mixtures)—also referred to as cereal-type inhibitors (CTIs)—are the topic of this review. CM-proteins were first reported 75 years ago. They are small sulfur-rich proteins of the prolamine superfamily embracing bifunctional α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), α-amylase inhibitors (AIs), limit dextrinase inhibitors (LDIs), and serine protease inhibitors. Phylogenetically CM-proteins are predicted across poaceae genomes and many isoforms are identified in seed proteomes. Their allergenicity and hence adverse effect on humans were recognized early on, as were their roles in plant defense. Generally, CTIs target exogenous digestive enzymes from insects and mammals. Notably, by contrast LDI regulates activity of the endogenous starch debranching enzyme, limit dextrinase, during cereal seed germination. CM-proteins are four-helix bundle proteins and form enzyme complexes adopting extraordinarily versatile binding modes involving the N-terminal and different loop regions. A number of these inhibitors have been characterized in detail and here focus will be on target enzyme specificity, molecular recognition, forces and mechanisms of binding as well as on three-dimensional structures of CM-protein–enzyme complexes. Lastly, prospects for CM-protein exploitation, rational engineering and biotechnological applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sofie Møller
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Quality changes of HomChaiya rice beer during storage at two alternative temperatures. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:369-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Yu WW, Zhai HL, Xia GB, Tao KY, Li C, Yang XQ, Li LH. Starch fine molecular structures as a significant controller of the malting, mashing, and fermentation performance during beer production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops, possesses a large genome of 5.1 Gbp. Through various international collaborations, the genome has recently been sequenced and assembled at the chromosome-scale by exploiting available genetic and genomic resources. Many wild and cultivated barley accessions have been collected and preserved around the world. These accessions are crucial to obtain diverse natural and induced barley variants. The barley bioresource project aims to investigate the diversity of this crop based on purified seed and DNA samples of a large number of collected accessions. The long-term goal of this project is to analyse the genome sequences of major barley accessions worldwide. In view of technical limitations, a strategy has been employed to establish the exome structure of a selected number of accessions and to perform high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of the genomes of several major representative accessions. For the future project, an efficient annotation pipeline is essential for establishing the function of genomes and genes as well as for using this information for sequence-based digital barley breeding. In this article, the author reviews the existing barley resources along with their applications and discuss possible future directions of research in barley genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Spada V, Di Stasio L, Picascia S, Messina B, Gianfrani C, Mamone G, Picariello G. Immunogenic Potential of Beer Types Brewed With Hordeum and Triticum spp. Malt Disclosed by Proteomics. Front Nutr 2020; 7:98. [PMID: 32733911 PMCID: PMC7363779 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein/peptide composition of five beer kinds, including two experimental beer-like products brewed with einkorn (Triticum monococcum), a beer labeled as “gluten-free,” a traditional all-barley malt and a wheat (T. aestivum) containing beer, was characterized with HPLC-ESI MS/MS-based proteomics. To enlarge the characterization of the components, the polypeptides were fractionated according to their molecular size (cut-off 6 kDa). All the beer types contained a variety of polypeptides arising from all the gliadin subfamilies (α-/β-, γ-, and ω-gliadins) able to induce an immune response in celiac disease (CD) patients in addition to a panel of IgE-reactive food allergens. Wheat storage proteins were heavily hydrolyzed in the beer samples brewed with einkorn. The presence of gluten-like fragments, also including the 25-mer and 33-mer-like of α-gliadin, was confirmed in beer brewed with barley and wheat malt as well as in the gluten-free beer. Both CD-toxic and allergenic peptides of all beer samples were drastically degraded when subjected to a simulated gastroduodenal (GD) digestion. After in vitro digestion, the level of gluten-like peptides assayed with the G12 competitive ELISA, was below the threshold (20 ppm) for a food to be considered as “gluten-free.” A few gliadin-derived epitopes occurred in the digests of beers crafted with wheat or Norberto-ID331 line of einkorn. In contrast, digests of all barley malt and gluten-free beers did not contain detectable gluten-like epitopes, but only minor fragments of hordeins and IgE-reactive food allergens. All beer samples evoked a weak immune response on gliadin-reactive celiac T cells isolated from intestinal biopsies of celiac patients. Compared to undigested polypeptides, the response was markedly reduced by GD digestion. Although the consumption of a moderate amount of beer brewed with barley or einkorn could deliver a relatively low amount of CD-toxic epitopes, the findings of this study emphasize the urgent need of a reliable and accurate quantification of gluten epitopes in all types of beer, also including the gluten-free one, to compute realistically the contribution of beer to the overall gluten intake, which can be responsible of intestinal tissue damages in celiacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spada
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigia Di Stasio
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Stefania Picascia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mamone
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, Italy
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Daly M, Bromilow SN, Nitride C, Shewry PR, Gethings LA, Mills ENC. Mapping Coeliac Toxic Motifs in the Prolamin Seed Storage Proteins of Barley, Rye, and Oats Using a Curated Sequence Database. Front Nutr 2020; 7:87. [PMID: 32766270 PMCID: PMC7379453 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat gluten, and related prolamin proteins in rye, barley and oats cause the immune-mediated gluten intolerance syndrome, coeliac disease. Foods labelled as gluten-free which can be safely consumed by coeliac patients, must not contain gluten above a level of 20 mg/Kg. Current immunoassay methods for detection of gluten can give conflicting results and may underestimate levels of gluten in foods. Mass spectrometry methods have great potential as an orthogonal method, but require curated protein sequence databases to support method development. The GluPro database has been updated to include avenin-like sequences from bread wheat (n = 685; GluPro v1.1) and genes from the sequenced wheat genome (n = 699; GluPro v 1.2) and Triticum turgidum ssp durum (n = 210; GluPro v 2.1). Companion databases have been developed for prolamin sequences from barley (n = 64; GluPro v 3.0), rye (n = 41; GluPro v 4.0), and oats (n = 27; GluPro v 5.0) and combined to provide a complete cereal prolamin database, GluPro v 6.1 comprising 1,041 sequences. Analysis of the coeliac toxic motifs in the curated sequences showed that they were absent from the minor avenin-like proteins in bread and durum wheat and barley, unlike the related avenin proteins from oats. A comparison of prolamin proteins from the different cereal species also showed α- and γ-gliadins in bread and durum wheat, and the sulphur poor prolamins in all cereals had the highest density of coeliac toxic motifs. Analysis of ion-mobility mass spectrometry data for bread wheat (cvs Chinese Spring and Hereward) showed an increased number of identifications when using the GluPro v1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 databases compared to the limited number of verified sequences bread wheat sequences in reviewed UniProt. This family of databases will provide a basis for proteomic profiling of gluten proteins from all the gluten containing cereals and support identification of specific peptide markers for use in development of new methods for gluten quantitation based on coeliac toxic motifs found in all relevant cereal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Daly
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie N Bromilow
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nitride
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R Shewry
- Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | | | - E N Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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9
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Hu X, Jin Y, Du J. Differences in protein content and foaming properties of cloudy beers based on wheat malt content. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
| | - Jinhua Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an Shandong 271018 China
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10
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Niu C, Han Y, Wang J, Zheng F, Liu C, Li Y, Li Q. Malt derived proteins: Effect of protein Z on beer foam stability. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Bhide AJ, Channale SM, Yadav Y, Bhattacharjee K, Pawar PK, Maheshwari VL, Gupta VS, Ramasamy S, Giri AP. Genomic and functional characterization of coleopteran insect-specific α-amylase inhibitor gene from Amaranthus species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:319-332. [PMID: 28405784 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The smallest 32 amino acid α-amylase inhibitor from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AAI) is reported. The complete gene of pre-protein (AhAI) encoding a 26 amino acid (aa) signal peptide followed by the 43 aa region and the previously identified 32 aa peptide was cloned successfully. Three cysteine residues and one disulfide bond conserved within known α-amylase inhibitors were present in AhAI. Identical genomic and open reading frame was found to be present in close relatives of A. hypochondriacus namely Amaranthus paniculatus, Achyranthes aspera and Celosia argentea. Interestingly, the 3'UTR of AhAI varied in these species. The highest expression of AhAI was observed in A. hypochondriacus inflorescence; however, it was not detected in the seed. We hypothesized that the inhibitor expressed in leaves and inflorescence might be transported to the seeds. Sub-cellular localization studies clearly indicated the involvement of AhAI signal peptide in extracellular secretion. Full length rAhAI showed differential inhibition against α-amylases from human, insects, fungi and bacteria. Particularly, α-amylases from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) were not inhibited by AhAI while Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera) α-amylases were completely inhibited. Molecular docking of AhAI revealed tighter interactions with active site residues of T. castaneum α-amylase compared to C. chinensis α-amylase, which could be the rationale behind the disparity in their IC50. Normal growth, development and adult emergence of C. chinensis were hampered after feeding on rAhAI. Altogether, the ability of AhAI to affect the growth of C. chinensis demonstrated its potential as an efficient bio-control agent, especially against stored grain pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey J Bhide
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Sonal M Channale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Yashpal Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Kabita Bhattacharjee
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Pankaj K Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, India
| | - V L Maheshwari
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425 001, India
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.
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Schulte F, Flaschel E, Niehaus K. Proteome-Based Analysis of Colloidal Instability Enables the Detection of Haze-Active Proteins in Beer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6752-61. [PMID: 27515584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal haze is a serious quality defect of bright beers that considerably reduces their shelf life and is thought to be triggered by hordeins, a class of proline-rich barley proteins. In this work, the proteomes of fresh and old beers were investigated in bottled pilsners and compared to the protein inventory of haze to identify specific haze-active proteins. Haze isolates dissolved in rehydration buffer contained high concentrations of proteins and sugars but provided protein gels with weak spot signals. Consequently, a treatment for the chemical deglycation with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was applied, which resulted in the identification of protein Z4, LTP1, CMb, CMe, pUP13, 3a, and Bwiph as constituents of the haze proteome. Because only one hordein was detectable and the proline content in haze hydrolysates was lower than those of barley prolamins, our results suggest that this class of proteins is of minor importance for haze development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schulte
- Fakultät für Biologie, Proteom- und Metabolomforschung and ‡Technische Fakultät, Fermentationstechnik, Universität Bielefeld , 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Erwin Flaschel
- Fakultät für Biologie, Proteom- und Metabolomforschung and ‡Technische Fakultät, Fermentationstechnik, Universität Bielefeld , 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Fakultät für Biologie, Proteom- und Metabolomforschung and ‡Technische Fakultät, Fermentationstechnik, Universität Bielefeld , 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Colgrave ML, Byrne K, Blundell M, Heidelberger S, Lane CS, Tanner GJ, Howitt CA. Comparing Multiple Reaction Monitoring and Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra for the Relative Quantification of Barley Gluten in Selectively Bred Barley Lines. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9127-35. [PMID: 27533879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a disease of the small intestine that occurs in genetically susceptible subjects triggered by the ingestion of cereal gluten proteins for which the only treatment is strict adherence to a life-long gluten-free diet. Barley contains four gluten protein families, and the existence of barley genotypes that do not accumulate the B-, C-, and D-hordeins paved the way for the development of an ultralow gluten phenotype. Using conventional breeding strategies, three null mutations behaving as recessive alleles were combined to create a hordein triple-null barley variety. Proteomics has become an invaluable tool for characterization and quantification of the protein complement of cereal grains. In this study multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry, viewed as the gold standard for peptide quantification, was compared to the data-independent acquisition strategy known as SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra). SWATH-MS was comparable (p < 0.001) to MRM-MS for 32/33 peptides assessed across the four families of hordeins (gluten) in eight barley lines. The results of SWATH-MS analysis further confirmed the absence of the B-, C-, and D-hordeins in the triple-null barley line and showed significantly reduced levels ranging from <1% to 16% relative to wild-type (WT) cv Sloop for the minor γ-hordein class. SWATH-MS represents a valuable tool for quantitative proteomics based on its ability to generate reproducible data comparable with MRM-MS, but has the added benefits of allowing reinterrogation of data to improve analytical performance, ask new questions, and in this case perform quantification of trypsin-resistant proteins (C-hordeins) through analysis of their semi- or nontryptic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keren Byrne
- CSIRO Agriculture, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Malcolm Blundell
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Catherine S Lane
- SCIEX, Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Centre Park, Warrington, WA1 1RX, U.K
| | - Gregory J Tanner
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Crispin A Howitt
- CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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