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Chang J, Zhou J, Gao M, Zhang H, Wang T. Research Advances in the Analysis of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Milk and Dairy Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193057. [PMID: 36230133 PMCID: PMC9563511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are sources of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e-EDCs). Estrogenic disruptors can accumulate in organisms through the food chain and may negatively affect ecosystems and organisms even at low concentrations. Therefore, the analysis of e-EDCs in dairy products is of practical significance. Continuous efforts have been made to establish effective methods to detect e-EDCs, using convenient sample pretreatments and simple steps. This review aims to summarize the recently reported pretreatment methods for estrogenic disruptors, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), determination methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and biosensors, to provide a reliable theoretical basis and operational method for e-EDC analysis in the future.
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Zhou WL, Ding L, Cheng YH, Xu Z, Chen ML, Fu XS. Application of an improved hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction technique coupled to LC-MS/MS to studying migration of fluorescent whitening agents from plastic food contact materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1337-1347. [PMID: 35580348 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2066192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction method was developed to improve the extraction of five fluorescent whitening agents that migrated from plastics food contact materials. Influencing factors, such as the types of membrane, the extraction solvent, the stirring speed, the addition of salt ion, and extraction time, were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, high enrichment factors (71-205) can be obtained with 15 μL extraction solvent. The new method is advantageous; the polypropylene hollow fiber membrane modified by sepiolite nanoparticles had excellent solvent binding force and mass transfer effect compared with the conventional extraction technique. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the limits of detection were 0.3 or 0.9 ng kg-1 with good correlation coefficients (r2 ≥ 0.9940) for the five fluorescent whitening agents. The intra-day and inter-day recoveries ranged between 82.6% and 112%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 12%. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of fluorescent whitening agent migration from four types of plastic food contact materials immersed in three food simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yun-Hui Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Mao-Long Chen
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xian-Shu Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Wu Y, Chen M, Wang X, Zhou Y, Xu M, Zhang Z. Development and validation of vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li N, Zhao T, Du L, Zhang Z, Nian Q, Wang M. Fast and simple determination of estrogens in milk powders by magnetic solid-phase extraction using carbon nitride composites prior to HPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:215-223. [PMID: 33068132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4/Fe3O4)-based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) approach was established for fast and simple analysis of estrogens in milk powders. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and pore size distribution analyzer. Compared with the bulk g-C3N4, g-C3N4/Fe3O4 gave a narrower distribution of mesopores and provided an enhanced surface area from 77.1 to 113.7 m2/g. Polar analytes of estrogens were selected as model compounds and the extraction of four estrogens was achieved in n-hexane using 15 mg of adsorbent within only 2 min. Possible extraction mechanism of g-C3N4/Fe3O4 for these estrogens was explored in terms of the polarity of the analytes and the adsorption performance of the adsorbent. The hydrophobicity and the hydrogen-bond interaction between the estrogens and g-C3N4 were responsible for the efficient adsorption. Combined with HPLC, MSPE with the prepared adsorbent gave the enhancement factors of 20 to 24 and the linear ranges of 2-200 μg/kg for 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol, 1.5-150 μg/kg for estrone, and 3-300 μg/kg for hexestrol. The detection limits and quantification limits for the estrogens in milk powders were 0.5-0.9 μg/kg and 1.5-3.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries varied from 75.1 to 97.2%, with the intra-day and inter-day precisions ≤ 14.2%. Furthermore, the enrichment of the analytes and the clean-up of fat and protein interferences were achieved simultaneously with one-step g-C3N4-based MSPE. The present method was convenient, fast, and sensitive, and therefore could be successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in milk powders. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Tengwen Zhao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Li Du
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Qixun Nian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
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Piao H, Jiang Y, Qin Z, Tao S, Ma P, Sun Y, Wang X, Song D. Development of a novel acidic task-specific ionic liquid-based effervescence-assisted microextraction method for determination of triazine herbicides in tea beverage. Talanta 2020; 208:120414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Dummy Molecularly Imprinted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for Selective Extraction of Seven Estrogens in Aquatic Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Piao H, Jiang Y, Li X, Ma P, Wang X, Song D, Sun Y. Matrix solid‐phase dispersion coupled with hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for determination of triazine herbicides in peanuts. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2123-2130. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Piao
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xinpei Li
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of ChemistryJilin University Qianjin Changchun P. R. China
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Yamini Y, Rezazadeh M, Seidi S. Liquid-phase microextraction – The different principles and configurations. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaur H, Bala M, Bansal G. Reproductive drugs and environmental contamination: quantum, impact assessment and control strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25822-25839. [PMID: 30039489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and municipal solid wastes, noise, pesticides, fertilizers and vehicular emission are visible pollutants responsible for environmental contamination and ill-effects on health of all living systems. But, environmental contamination due to drugs or medicines used for different purposes in humans and animals goes unseen largely and can affect the health of living system severely. During the last few decades, the usage of drugs has increased drastically, resulting in increased drug load in soil and water. Contraceptive and fertility drugs are extensively and effectively used in humans as well as animals for different purposes. Usage of these reproductive drugs in humans is increased manifold to manage reproductive problems and/or for birth control with changing lifestyles. These drugs are excreted in urine and faeces as metabolite or conjugated forms, leading to contamination of water, milk and animal produce, which are consumed directly by humans as well as animals. These drugs are not eliminated even by water treatment plant. Consumption of such contaminated water, milk, meat and poultry products results in reproductive disorders such as fertility loss in men and increase risk of different types of cancers in humans. Therefore, assessment of impact of environmental contamination by these drugs on living system is of paramount importance. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of various research and review reports on different contraceptive and fertility drugs used in human and animals, their occurrence in the environment and their ill-effects on living systems. The approaches to control this invisible menace have also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Madhu Bala
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, India
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New fluorescent labeling reagent Benzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline-12(6H) -one-5-ethylimidazole ester and its application in the analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds in milk by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Paterni I, Granchi C, Minutolo F. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3384-3404. [PMID: 26744831 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are widely diffused in the environment and in food, thus a large portion of human population worldwide is exposed to them. Among alimentary xenoestrogens, phytoestrogens (PhyEs) are increasingly being consumed because of their potential health benefits, although there are also important risks associated to their ingestion. Furthermore, other xenoestrogens that may be present in food are represented by other chemicals possessing estrogenic activities, that are commonly defined as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs pose a serious health concern since they may cause a wide range of health problems, starting from pre-birth till adult lifelong exposure. We herein provide an overview of the main classes of xenoestrogens, which are classified on the basis of their origin, their structures and their occurrence in the food chain. Furthermore, their either beneficial or toxic effects on human health are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Filippo Minutolo
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute," Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Chen L, Wang X, Liu Y, Di X. Dual-target screening of bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines by hollow fiber-based ligand fishing combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Wang M, Cheng C, Liu C, Yang Y. Hollow Fiber Supported Ionic Liquids Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Milk Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunsheng Cheng
- Yunnan Province Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Technology Center of Yunnan Tobacco Industry Limited Liability Company, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650231, 650231, PR China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727, Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang M, Gu Y, Wu X, Xi X, Yang X, Zhou W, Zeng H, Zhang S, Lu R, Gao H, Li J. Rapid analysis of fungicides in tea infusions using ionic liquid immobilized fabric phase sorptive extraction with the assistance of surfactant fungicides analysis using IL-FPSE assisted with surfactant. Food Chem 2017; 239:797-805. [PMID: 28873637 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A green, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive ionic liquid immobilized fabric phase sorptive extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for rapid screening and simultaneous determination of four fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil and trifloxystrobin) residues in tea infusions. This IL modified extraction fiber is capable of extracting target analytes directly from complicated tea water matrices with the addition of surfactant. A series of extraction conditions were investigated by one-factor-at-a-time approach and orthogonal test. After a series experiments, the optimum conditions were found to be 10% [HIMIM]NTf2 as coating solution, 2min vortex time, 500μL acetonitrile as dispersive solvent and 2min desorption time. Under the above conditions, the proposed technique was applied to detect fungicides from real tea water samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuefei Xi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhe Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Goh SXL, Lee HK. An alternative perspective of hollow fiber-mediated extraction: Bundled hollow fiber array-liquid-phase microextraction with sonication-assisted desorption and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determination of estrogens in aqueous matrices. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1488:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Alsharif AMA, Tan GH, Choo YM, Lawal A. Efficiency of Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Chromatography Methods in the Separation of Organic Compounds: A Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:378-391. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Ali Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Arab Centre for Desertification and Development of Saharian Societies, Murzuk, Libya
| | - Guan-Huat Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina, Nigeria
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Wang J, Huang S, Wang P, Yang Y. Method development for the analysis of phthalate esters in tea beverages by ionic liquid hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatographic detection. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Determination of estrogenic compounds in milk and yogurt samples by hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7447-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Asadi M, Haji Shabani AM, Dadfarnia S. Simultaneous extraction and quantification of albendazole and triclabendazole using vortex-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2238-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Yazd University; Yazd Iran
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Combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and multivariate optimization for separation-enrichment of traces lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Nojavan S, Tahmasebi Z, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Effect of type of stirring on hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction of basic drugs: speed up extraction time and enhancement of extraction efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In microextraction procedures, the stirring of the donor solution is crucial to speed up the extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nojavan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Evin
- Iran
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Wang J, Cheng C, Yang Y. Determination of Estrogens in Milk Samples by Magnetic-Solid-Phase Extraction Technique Coupled With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C2655-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- the Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology; Yunnan Province 650500 China
| | - Chunsheng Cheng
- Yunnan Province Food Safety Research Inst; Yunnan Province 650500 China
| | - Yaling Yang
- the Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology; Yunnan Province 650500 China
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