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Costa J, Villa C, Mafra I. 1D-, 2D-Gel Electrophoresis, Immunoblotting, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Study of Food Allergens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2717:123-142. [PMID: 37737981 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3453-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based methods have been fundamental for the study of food allergens, not only from a mechanistic and diagnostic point of view, but especially with respect to allergen management and food safety. In this chapter, four individual protocols are suggested, relying on one-dimensional, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The particularities of the proposed protocols are focused on previous research targeting specific allergenic foods, with cow's milk proteins as case studies. Data on the importance of protein extraction and the use of different animal-raised antibodies and/or sera of food-allergic patients are also critically discussed within method development and optimization. The protocols herein described are successful examples applied to the study of cow's milk allergens in complex matrices, although they can be easily developed and optimized for any food allergen or allergenic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Kim HR, Suh SM, Kang HB, Shin SW, Kim HY. Duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and almond (Prunus dulcis) detection of allergen coding genes. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eischeid AC, Stadig SR, Rallabhandi P. Comparison of real-time PCR and ELISA for the detection of crustacean shellfish allergens. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:563-572. [PMID: 33617420 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1874061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies are a significant public health concern, and crustacean shellfish represent one of the major FDA regulated food allergens. Allergic individuals must avoid foods containing crustaceans, and this necessitates highly sensitive and accurate detection methods. Two of the major methods used are protein-based ELISA and DNA-based real-time PCR. In order to properly compare these very different methodologies, we used identical split samples for a side-by-side comparison and analysed them using four different real-time PCR methods and two different commercial ELISA kits. Three real-time PCR assays targeting the mitochondrial 12S genes of shrimp, crab, and lobster were compared to a commercial ELISA assay for total crustacean protein. A fourth real-time PCR assay targeting the tropomyosin gene of shrimp was compared to an ELISA assay for shrimp tropomyosin. All comparisons were carried out in two different food matrices: Manhattan clam chowder and fish sauce. PCR assays had a more broad dynamic range (0.1-106 mg/kg) as compared to ELISA (200-4000 mg/kg) and did not show matrix interference like ELISA. In cases where the ELISA assays did not have matrix interference, there was good qualitative agreement between PCR and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Eischeid
- Department is Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah R Stadig
- Department is Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Prasad Rallabhandi
- Department is Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Gamella M, Bueno-Díaz C, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Povedano E, Reviejo AJ, Villalba M, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM. First electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid detection of mustard seeds in plant food extracts. Talanta 2020; 219:121247. [PMID: 32887138 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the first biosensor reported to date for the determination of mustard seed traces. The biosensor consists of an amperometric immunosensing platform able to sensitively and selectively determine Sin a 1 content, the major allergen of yellow mustard and the most abundant protein of these seeds. The immunosensing platform exploits the coupling of magnetic microbeads (MBs) modified with sandwich-type immune complexes, comprising polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, selective to the target protein for its capturing and detection, respectively. In addition, a HRP-conjugated secondary antibody was used for enzymatic labelling of the monoclonal antibody, and amperometric transduction was made at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) using the hydroquinone (HQ)/H2O2 system. The electrochemical immunosensor allows the simple and fast detection (a single 1-h incubation step) of Sin a 1 with a limit of detection of 0.82 ng mL-1 (20.5 pg of protein in 25 μL of sample) with high selectivity against structurally similar non-target allergenic proteins (such as Pin p 1 from pine nut). The developed immunoplatform was successfully used for the analysis of peanut, rapeseed, cashew, pine nut and yellow mustard extracts, giving only positive response for the yellow mustard extract with a Sin a 1 content, in full agreement with that provided by conventional ELISA methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gamella
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Bueno-Díaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Povedano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Reviejo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Pingarrón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Suh SM, Park SB, Kim MJ, Kim HY. Simultaneous detection of fruit allergen-coding genes in tomato, apple, peach and kiwi through multiplex PCR. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1593-1598. [PMID: 31695960 PMCID: PMC6811467 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit allergies have become more common in recent years, and are now a serious health problem. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay was used to detect potential fruit allergens causing food allergy labeling in Korea. For the detection of these allergens, specific primer pairs were designed to amplify the allergen-coding genes Cyclophilin (tomato), Mdtl 1 (apple), Pru p 2.01A (peach) and Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (kiwi), and primer pair targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was additionally used as an endogenous control. Primer specificity was assessed with 23 plant species. A mixture of DNA from the four fruits was serially diluted and used to determine the sensitivity of the multiplex PCR assay, which was approximately 0.08 ng. Eleven commercial fruit products were evaluated to verify the applicability of the multiplex PCR assay. This assay is expected to be a specific and efficient method for detecting fruit allergens in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Park
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Senyuva HZ, Jones IB, Sykes M, Baumgartner S. A critical review of the specifications and performance of antibody and DNA-based methods for detection and quantification of allergens in foods. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:507-547. [PMID: 30856064 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1579927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a large number of antibody and DNA based methods for detection and quantification of allergens in food there remain significant difficulties in selecting the optimum technique to employ. Published methods from research groups mostly contain sufficient detail concerning target antigen, calibration procedures and method performance to allow replication by others. However, routine allergen testing by the food industry relies upon commercialised test kits and frequently the suppliers provide disappointingly little specification detail on the grounds that this is proprietary information. In this review we have made a critical assessment of the published literature describing the performance of both commercial and non-commercial test kits for food allergens over the period 2008-2018. Mass spectrometric methods, which have the potential to become reference methods for allergens, are not covered in this review. Available information on the specifications of commercial ELISA and LFD test kits are tabulated for milk, egg and peanut allergens, where possible linking to publications concerning collaborative studies and proficiency testing. For a number of commercial PCR test kits, specifications provided by manufacturers for detection of a small selection of allergen are tabulated. In conclusion we support the views of others of the critical need for allergen reference materials as the way forward to improve the comparability of different testing strategies in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Baricevic Jones
- b Institute of Inflammation and Repair , Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , Manchester , UK
| | - Mark Sykes
- c Fera Science Ltd , National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton , York , UK
| | - Sabine Baumgartner
- d Dept. IFA-Tulln, Center for Analytical Chemistry , BOKU Vienna , Tulln , Austria
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Kim MJ, Kim HI, Kim JH, Suh SM, Kim HY. Rapid on-site detection of shrimp allergen tropomyosin using a novel ultrafast PCR system. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:591-597. [PMID: 30956872 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is seafood that can commonly trigger allergic reactions. In this study, the ultrafast real-time PCR assay with portable device was developed to detect a shrimp-derived major allergen, tropomyosin, without complicated DNA extraction. For shrimp allergen detection, a specific primer pair was designed based on the shrimp tropomyosin gene and 18S ribosomal RNA gene as internal control. Primer specificity was assessed using 8 common seafood species. Serially diluted shrimp DNA was used to determine the limit of detection of the ultrafast PCR system, which was approximately 3.2 pg. Twenty-three food samples containing shrimp were evaluated to verify the applicability of a direct ultrafast PCR method for detecting shrimp allergens without DNA isolation. It took less than 30 min from sample preparation-to-result analysis to detect shrimp DNA in raw and processed samples. Therefore, this PCR system can be effectively and conveniently utilized in the field to detect shrimp in various food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-In Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Suh
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Zhang C, Cui H, Han Y, Yu F, Shi X. Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on molecularly imprinted polymers on paper for the detection of carbaryl. Food Chem 2018; 240:893-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang H, Jiang D, Zhu P, Pi F, Ji J, Sun C, Sun J, Sun X. A novel mast cell co-culture microfluidic chip for the electrochemical evaluation of food allergen. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bioanalytical methods for food allergy diagnosis, allergen detection and new allergen discovery. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:1175-90. [PMID: 26039813 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For effective monitoring and prevention of the food allergy, one of the emerging health problems nowadays, existing diagnostic procedures and allergen detection techniques are constantly improved. Meanwhile, new methods are also developed, and more and more putative allergens are discovered. This review describes traditional methods and summarizes recent advances in the fast evolving field of the in vitro food allergy diagnosis, allergen detection in food products and discovery of the new allergenic molecules. A special attention is paid to the new diagnostic methods under laboratory development like various immuno- and aptamer-based assays, including immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis. The latter technique shows the importance of MS application not only for the allergen detection but also for the allergy diagnosis.
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