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Chatzimitakos TG, Leonardos I, Stalikas CD. Metabolomic Fingerprint Assay in Zebrafish Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:495-502. [PMID: 38285362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In order for new drugs to enter the market, extensive studies are needed to examine toxic effects. Among others, teratogenicity studies are of paramount importance. Of even higher importance is to gain knowledge on the biological responses that take place upon drug exposure, so as to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern developmental changes. Metabolomics is the research field that studies the changes in the chemical composition of metabolites contained within cells. Conducting metabolomics studies results in valuable information. Zebrafish is a vertebrate model organism that bridges in vivo assays and in vivo studies. In this chapter, we propose a metabolomic fingerprint assay for the study of metabolic changes in zebrafish embryos upon exposure to various drugs. The metabolome of zebrafish is extracted, and the 1H-NMR spectrum is recorded. Using open-access metabolomic databases, a list of tentative metabolites is retrieved. The presence of the tentative metabolites is further confirmed by UHPLC-HRMS. Ultimately, after a metabolic pathway analysis, the metabolic network is revealed and useful conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros G Chatzimitakos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leonardos
- Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Rodríguez-Palazón MC, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Campillo N, Viñas P. Monitoring of Biogenic Amines in Human Urine Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenic amines (BAs) synephrine (SNP), phenylephrine (PEP), tyramine (TYR), and octopamine (OCT) may be present in products widely consumed for weight loss, muscle power, and in energy supplements. Considering the toxicity of these BAs at high levels and their biomarker role in some human pathologies, their monitoring in urine can be of great help in the detection of abusive consumption or disease. In this work, a combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for the simultaneous determination of four aromatic BAs in human urine is presented. The sample treatment included a previous derivatization step with dansyl chloride to achieve the highest extraction efficiency in the DLLME procedure for which a mixture of 350 μL of chloroform and 2 mL of ethanol was added to 5 mL of derivatized urine. Limits of detection were in the 0.54–3.6 µg L−1 range. Method precision and trueness were estimated at two concentration levels and were in the 3.4–10.2% and 93.6–114% ranges, respectively. The analysis of nine urine samples showed concentration levels for TYR between 52 and 304 µg L−1. Non-targeted analysis of the samples was undertaken to control the presence of other BAs and related metabolites, and none of these species was detected.
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Moniente M, Botello-Morte L, García-Gonzalo D, Pagán R, Ontañón I. Analytical strategies for the determination of biogenic amines in dairy products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3612-3646. [PMID: 35726745 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BA) are mainly produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids by enzymes from microorganisms that emerge during food fermentation or due to incorrectly applied preservation processes. The presence of these compounds in food can lead to a series of negative effects on human health. To prevent the ingestion of high amounts of BA, their concentration in certain foods needs to be controlled. Although maximum legal levels have not yet been established for dairy products, potential adverse effects have given rise to a substantial number of analytical and microbiological studies: they report concentrations ranging from a few mg/kg to several g/kg. This article provides an overview of the analytical methods for the determination of biogenic amines in dairy products, with particular focus on the most recent and/or most promising advances in this field. We not only provide a summary of analytical techniques but also list the required sample pretreatments. Since high performance liquid chromatography with derivatization is the most widely used method, we describe it in greater detail, including a comparison of derivatizing agents. Further alternative techniques for the determination of BA are likewise described. The use of biosensors for BA in dairy products is emerging, and current results are promising; this paper thus also features a section on the subject. This review can serve as a helpful guideline for choosing the best option to determine BA in dairy products, especially for beginners in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moniente
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Botello-Morte
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego García-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Pagán
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ontañón
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología, Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Zinc ferrite as a magnetic sorbent for the dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of sulfonamides and their determination by HPLC. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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He S, Chen Y, Yang X, Gao J, Su D, Deng J, Tian B. Determination of biogenic amines in Chub Mackerel from different storage methods. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1699-1706. [PMID: 32458467 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The eight biogenic amines (BA), which are histamine (HIS), tryptamine, putrescine, 2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine, were determined in Chub Mackerel under different storage conditions after being freshly caught. The storage time and temperature were varied and the guts either present or removed. This study describes a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following precolumn derivation with dansyl chloride method for the determination of BA in in Chub Mackerel samples. HIS represented the highest content of BA regardless of the storage temperature and time. During a 24-hr period, the content of HIS reached its highest level of 6,466.63 mg/kg at the storage temperature of 30 °C, whereas it only reached 28.73 mg/kg in 24 hr when the storage temperature was 0 °C, which is way below the standard acceptable threshold level (400 mg/kg). The storage times for the content of HIS to exceed the standard threshold level for HIS at different storage temperatures of 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C were 12, 5, 4 days, 48, 36, 15, and 14 hr, respectively. However, these times were significantly shortened when the viscera was removed from freshly-caught fish before storage. This study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost-effective method to extend the storage time of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study not only provides data for monitoring the content of BA, especially HIS, to ensure the safe storage and consumption of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel, but also presents a cost-effective method, which is gut-removal during storage, to extend the storage time of freshly-caught Chub Mackerel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Univ., Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.,Inst. for Nanoscale Science & Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders Univ., Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Yaonan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Univ., Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Natl. R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jingrong Gao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Univ., Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianchao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Natl. R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
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Ahmad W, Mohammed GI, Al-Eryani DA, Saigl ZM, Alyoubi AO, Alwael H, Bashammakh AS, O'Sullivan CK, El-Shahawi MS. Biogenic Amines Formation Mechanism and Determination Strategies: Future Challenges and Limitations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:485-500. [PMID: 31486337 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1657793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolution in foodstuff-monitoring processes has increased the number of studies on biogenic amines (BAs), in recent years. This trend with future perspective needs to be assembled to address the associated health risks. Thus, this study aims to cover three main aspects of BAs: (i) occurrence, physiology, and toxicological effects, most probable formation mechanisms and factors controlling their growth; (ii) recent advances, strategies for determination, preconcentration steps, model technique, and nature of the matrix; and (iii) milestone, limitations with existing methodologies, future trends, and detailed expected developments for clinical use and on-site ultra-trace determination. The core of the ongoing review will discuss recent trends in pre-concentration toward miniaturization, automation, and possible coupling with electrochemical techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, spectrofluorimetry, and lateral flow protocols to be exploited for the development of rapid, facile, and sensitive on-site determination strategies for BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - G I Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Al-Eryani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z M Saigl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A O Alyoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alwael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Bashammakh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - C K O'Sullivan
- Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group, Department d Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M S El-Shahawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chatzimitakos TG, Stalikas CD. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Bacteria Exposed to Nanomaterials, Using Online Databases, NMR, and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1894:271-280. [PMID: 30547466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8916-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are examined more and more for their antibacterial properties. Herein, we propose a method for assessing the bactericidal properties of nanomaterials against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as a method to investigate the metabolic alterations occurring to bacteria, induced by their exposure to nanomaterials. Bacterial metabolome is extracted and metabolic fingerprint is recorded by 1H-NMR. Using metabolomic databases, the tentative metabolites in the samples are revealed, which are further confirmed by UHPLC-HRMS. Finally, conducting a pathway analysis, the metabolic network is revealed.
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Jain A, Verma KK. Strategies in liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of biogenic amines without and with derivatization. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Chatzimitakos TG, Pierson SA, Anderson JL, Stalikas CD. Enhanced magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of triazines and sulfonamides through a one-pot, pH-modulated approach. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:47-54. [PMID: 30119971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an enhanced variant of magnetic ionic liquid (MIL)-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is put forward. The procedure combines a water insoluble solid support and the [P66614+][Dy(III)(hfacac)4-] MIL, in a one-pot, pH-modulated procedure for microextraction of triazines (TZs) and sulfonamides (SAs). The solid supporting material was mixed with the MIL to overcome difficulties concerning the weighing of MIL and to control the uniform dispersion of the MIL, rendering the whole extraction procedure more reproducible. The pH-modulation during extraction step makes possible the one-pot extraction of SAs and TZs, from a single sample, in 15 min. Overall, the new analytical method developed enjoys the benefits of sensitivity (limits of quantification: 0.034-0.091 μg L-1) and precision (relative standard deviation: 5.2-8.1%), while good recoveries (i.e., 89-101%) were achieved from lake water and effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Owing to all of the above, the new procedure can be used to determine the concentrations of SAs and TZs at levels below the maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros G Chatzimitakos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stephen A Pierson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010 United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010 United States
| | - Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Sørensen KM, Aru V, Khakimov B, Aunskjær U, Engelsen SB. Biogenic amines: a key freshness parameter of animal protein products in the coming circular economy. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Mastnak T, Lobnik A, Mohr GJ, Turel M. Design and Characterization of Dicyanovinyl Reactive Dyes for the Colorimetric Detection of Thiols and Biogenic Amines. SENSORS 2018. [PMID: 29518001 PMCID: PMC5876516 DOI: 10.3390/s18030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new azobenzene dyes, namely CR-528 and CR-555, and their spectral properties in ethanol solution are described. The recognition of sulfur-containing analytes (2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)), and biogenic amines (spermine, spermidine, ethanolamine) bestowed significant spectral changes with color changes from pink/purple to pale yellow/orange-yellow. The nitro acceptor group in the dicyanovinyl reactive dye contributes to higher sensitivity and lower detected analyte concentrations. The absorption maxima of both the dyes are at wavelengths compatible with low-cost light sources and detectors, making them excellent candidates for optical probes that are economic, simple to use, and do not require well-trained personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Mastnak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Aleksandra Lobnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Gerhard J Mohr
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH-Materials, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, A-8160 Weiz, Austria.
| | - Matejka Turel
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Application of 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate for the determination of selected biogenic amines by LC-tandem mass spectrometry and 19F NMR. Food Chem 2018; 239:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Redruello B, Ladero V, del Rio B, Fernández M, Martin M, Alvarez MA. A UHPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of biogenic amines, amino acids and ammonium ions in beer. Food Chem 2017; 217:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chatzimitakos TG, Stalikas CD. Qualitative Alterations of Bacterial Metabolome after Exposure to Metal Nanoparticles with Bactericidal Properties: A Comprehensive Workflow Based on (1)H NMR, UHPLC-HRMS, and Metabolic Databases. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3322-30. [PMID: 27432757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be more toxic than bulk analogues of the same chemical composition due to their unique physical properties. The NPs, lately, have drawn the attention of researchers because of their antibacterial and biocidal properties. In an effort to shed light on the mechanism through which the bacteria elimination is achieved and the metabolic changes they undergo, an untargeted metabolomic fingerprint study was carried out on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria species. The (1)H NMR spectroscopy, in conjunction with high resolution mass-spectrometry (HRMS) and an unsophisticated data processing workflow were implemented. The combined NMR/HRMS data, supported by an open-access metabolomic database, proved to be efficacious in the process of assigning a putative annotation to a wide range of metabolite signals and is a useful tool to appraise the metabolome alterations, as a consequence of bacterial response to NPs. Interestingly, not all the NPs diminished the intracellular metabolites; bacteria treated with iron NPs produced metabolites not present in the nonexposed bacteria sample, implying the activation of previously inactive metabolic pathways. In contrast, copper and iron-copper NPs reduced the annotated metabolites, alluding to the conclusion that the metabolic pathways (mainly alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism) were hindered by the interactions of NPs with the intracellular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros G Chatzimitakos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantine D Stalikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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