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Manzano-Sánchez L, Díaz-Galiano FJ, Martínez JA, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR. Improved efficiency of ion trapping time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues and mycotoxins at trace levels in baby food. Talanta 2024; 278:126448. [PMID: 38905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in baby food demands exceptionally low limits of quantitation, necessitating the use of highly sensitive instruments capable of conducting trace analyses. High-resolution instruments typically fail to detect such low levels. However, the latest advancements in liquid time-of-flight technology, when coupled with ion trapping, enable ion enrichment, thereby improving detection levels. This allows for the analysis of these substances at low concentration levels, benefiting from enhanced mass accuracy. Additionally, the use of mass accuracy data helped eliminate matrix interferences, thereby enabling high-confidence identification. We developed a multi-residue method to analyse 219 pesticide residues and 9 mycotoxin residues in baby food matrices. Utilizing a QuEChERS-based extraction method, the samples were then analysed using an LC-ZenoTOF 7600 system with mass window screening acquisition. For pesticides, the limit of quantitation was 0.001-0.003 mg/kg for 81 % of the evaluated compounds, 0.005 mg/kg for 13 %, 0.010 mg/kg for 4 % and 0.020-0.030 for 2 %; good linearities were obtained at these levels. Apparent recoveries were evaluated at 0.003, 0.005, and 0.010 mg/kg. At the lowest recovery level, 93 % of compounds showed recoveries between 70 and 120 %. The rest of the compounds were in the range of 63-129 %, with relative standard deviation values below 20 %. For mycotoxins, the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.0001 to 0.100 mg/kg, with matrix-matched concentrations assessed within this range. Recoveries were evaluated at low concentration range (0.001-0.003 mg/kg) and high range (0.020-0.050) with apparent recoveries values between 92 and 140 %. Finally, a total of 31 commercial baby food samples were analysed using this method. The results indicated that 16 samples contained pesticide residues, while two samples were found to have mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Manzano-Sánchez
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco José Díaz-Galiano
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - José Antonio Martínez
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3 (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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2
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Petrarca MH, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO. Determination of pesticide residues in soybeans using QuEChERS followed by deep eutectic solvent-based DLLME preconcentration prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464999. [PMID: 38788403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A reliable and greener alternative to the usual extraction methods is reported for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. This novel approach combines the classical QuEChERS extraction method with a DLLME (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction) step, utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) - camphor: hexanoic acid (1:1 molar ratio) - as the microextraction solvent. This DES has never been employed in pesticide analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of complex matrices like soybeans. A Plackett-Burman screening design was employed to optimize sample preparation variables of QuEChERS (amount of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate, and amount of PSA and C18 sorbents) and DLLME (pH of medium, amount of sodium chloride, and volume of microextraction solvent). This design allowed for a systematic evaluation of the impact of each parameter on the method's performance. The optimized method was evaluated using a certified reference material and commercial samples of soybeans. The method exhibited high accuracy and precision for most of the analytes under study, demonstrating its applicability for pesticide residue analysis in soybeans. To assess the greenness and practicality of the developed method, the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric systems were employed, respectively. Overall, the proposed QuEChERS-DLLME method using a DES solvent is a reliable and greener alternative to conventional extraction methods for the determination of pesticide residues in soybeans. Its high performance, coupled with its environmental friendliness, makes it a promising tool for food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - José Oliveira Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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3
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Rani, Ali F, Muhammad M, AlOthman ZA. Development of Fluorescent Co (II)-Integrated Carbon Dots and Their Application as a Off-On Mesotrione Detection Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49115-49128. [PMID: 38173863 PMCID: PMC10764113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A very simple mesotrione-sensing medium with enhanced sensitivity detection limits has been proposed. A renovated hydrothermal method was adopted for synthesizing fluorescent carbon dots from ethylenediamine and glucose using a Teflon-lined simple autoclave in a GC oven. The resultant carbon dots were characterized via TEM, FTIR, UV-vis, particle size distribution, and EDX and evaluated in a fluorimeter as the sensing medium for mesotrione detection. The binding approach of the Co (II)-integrated glucose-bound carbon dots toward mesotrione is selective, making them an effective sensor for the real sample applications, where majority of the coexisting substances showed insignificant interference effect. Formation of the metastable state due to the molecular interaction between carbon dots and Co (II) resulted in fluorescence quenching at 456 nm. Enhancement in the fluorescence intensity occurred when mesotrione was added in the concentration range of 0.2-5.0 μg mL-1, with a limit of detection, limit of quantification, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation of 0.054, 0.164, 0.00082 μg mL-1, and 0.682%, respectively. Mesotrione determination was demonstrated in soil, water, and tomato samples with recoveries in the range of 95.38-104.7%. The selectivity of the sensor was found to be good enough when checked for the complex tomato sample spiked with different pesticides of the triketone family having structural similarities to mesotrione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zeid A. AlOthman
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Sarmiento-Santos J, da Silva LA, Lourenço CAM, Rosim RE, de Oliveira CAF, Monteiro SH, Vanin FM. Assessment of quality and safety aspects of homemade and commercial baby foods. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113608. [PMID: 37986467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Guidelines in some countries recommend avoiding commercially processed baby food, while others encourage the consultation of ingredients and nutritional information. Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically analyze different baby foods obtained from commercial market and "homemade" produced, in order to verify whether comercial products have low nutritional and unsafety attributes. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition, physicochemical aspects, texture, microbiological and mycotoxin contamination, and pesticide residues. Results showed that, in general, commercial samples have a higher energy density and better ratio of macronutrients. The sodium, pH, and texture of both products were in accordance with the recommendations. None of the baby foods evaluated were contaminated with yeast and molds, total coliforms, or Escherichia coli; however, Salmonella sp. was confirmed in one homemade sample. Pesticide residues were detected in all analyzed baby food samples; however, at lower levels than the limit of quantification. Ochratoxin A was detected in one homemade baby food sample (5.76 µg /kg). Considering the samples evaluated, commercial baby food samples appeared to be safer in relation to microbiological, pesticide residue standards, and mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, it could be concluded that the quality of commercial and homemade baby foods still needs to be improved, as well as more studies related to a critical analyses of both types of processes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sarmiento-Santos
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Arca da Silva
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla A Monaco Lourenço
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Roice Eliana Rosim
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Mycotoxicology, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Mycotoxicology, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Monteiro
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Reference Laboratory for Research and Analysis of Contaminants in Food and Environment, Biological Institute, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Ali F, Muhammad M, Ara B, Shah AA. Synthesis of fructose bound Fe(iii) integrated carbon dots as a robust turn-off detection sensor for chlortoluron. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17028-17037. [PMID: 37293471 PMCID: PMC10245089 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01430d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and robust fluorescent sensor for chlortoluron detection has been developed. Fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized using ethylene diamine and fructose via a hydrothermal protocol. The molecular interaction between fructose carbon dots and Fe(iii) resulted in a fluorescent metastable state exhibiting remarkable fluorescence quenching at λem of 454 nm and interestingly, further quenching occurred upon the addition of chlortoluron. The quenching in the fluorescence intensity of CDF-Fe(iii) towards chlortoluron occurred in the concentration range of 0.2-5.0 μg mL-1 where the limit of detection was found to be 0.0467 μg mL-1, the limit of quantification was 0.14 μg mL-1, and the relative standard deviation was 0.568%. The selective and specific recognitive nature of the Fe(iii) integrated fructose bound carbon dots towards the chlortoluron make it a suitable sensor for real sample applications. The proposed strategy was applied for the determination of chlortoluron in soil, water, and wheat samples with recoveries in the range of 95% to 104.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Behisht Ara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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6
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Jatkowska N, Kubica P. Extraction and Analysis of Bisphenols and Their Derivatives in Infant and Toddler Ready-to-feed Meals by Ultrasound-assisted Membrane Extraction Followed by LC MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Prata R, López-Ruiz R, Petrarca MH, Teixeira Godoy H, Garrido Frenich A, Romero-González R. Targeted and non-targeted analysis of pesticides and aflatoxins in baby foods by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Petrarca MH, Fernandes JO, Marmelo I, Marques A, Cunha SC. Multi-analyte gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to monitor bisphenols, musk fragrances, ultraviolet filters, and pesticide residues in seafood. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462755. [PMID: 34968957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of thirty-six anthropogenic contaminants in the edible portion of four distinct seafood items is reported. Considering the heterogeneous composition of algae, mussels, and lean/fatty fish muscles, a generic sample preparation based on the QuEChERS procedure combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with in situ acetylation was successfully applied for quantification of pesticide residues, bisphenols, musk fragrances and UV-filters. Matrix effects were influenced by the type of seafood, with the lowest effects being observed with EMR-lipid and graphitized carbon black sorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup step. Method performance features were successful evaluated in the different seafood samples - algae, mussel, lean and fatty fish muscles, following the criteria established by SANTE/12682/2019 for analytical methods for pesticide residues analysis. The detection and quantification of bisphenol F, musk fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide), UV-filters (2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, and isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate), and residues of permethrin in commercial samples of algae, mussel and fish collected in a Portuguese estuary support the suitability of the proposed method for future seafood monitoring by food safety authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Isa Marmelo
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, Lisboa 1449-006, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, Lisboa 1449-006, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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9
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Majid Haji Hosseini, Jafarpanah F, Sharifkhani S, Pourjavid MR, Kakaei S, Alijanzadeh A. Development of Organic Gas Steam–Liquid Extraction (OGS–LE) Method for the Extraction of Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon From Aqueous Samples and Determination by GC–FID. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x21050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Sivakumar R, Lee NY. Recent progress in smartphone-based techniques for food safety and the detection of heavy metal ions in environmental water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130096. [PMID: 33677270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging smartphone-based point-of-care tests (POCTs) are cost-effective, precise, and easy to implement in resource-limited areas. Thus, they are considered a potential alternative to conventional diagnostic testing. This review explores food safety and the detection of metal ions in environmental water based on unprecedented smartphone technology. Specifically, we provide an overview of various methods used for target analyte detection (antibiotics, enzymes, mycotoxins, pathogens, pesticides, small molecules, and metal ions), such as colorimetric, fluorescence, microscopic imaging, and electrochemical methods. This paper performs a comprehensive review of smartphone-based POCTs developed in the last three years (2018-2020) and evaluates their relative advantages and limitations. Moreover, we discuss the imperative role of new technology in the progress of POCTs. Sensor materials (metal nanoparticles, carbon dots, quantum dots, organic substrates, etc.) and detection techniques (paper-based, later flow assay, microfluidic platform, etc.) involved in POCTs based on smartphones, and the challenges faced by these techniques, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Sivakumar
- Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, College of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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11
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Chen W, Cai F, Wu Q, Wu Y, Yao B, Xu J. Prediction, evaluation, confirmation, and elimination of matrix effects for lateral flow test strip based rapid and on-site detection of aflatoxin B1 in tea soups. Food Chem 2020; 328:127081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Sereshti H, Jamshidi F, Nouri N, Nodeh HR. Hyphenated dispersive solid- and liquid-phase microextraction technique based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: application for trace analysis of pesticides in fruit juices. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2534-2543. [PMID: 31975389 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are extensively used worldwide to control plant pathogens and prevent agricultural product damage. However, they can pollute the environment and endanger human health. So far, a variety of sample preparation methods have been developed for the analysis of pesticide residues. RESULTS A hyphenated solid-liquid microextraction method based on a new adsorbent of magnetic graphene oxide functionalized by (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/4-chlorophenol (1:2)) was developed for extraction/preconcentration of trace levels of pesticides. The sorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In-syringe magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography was applied for the analysis of the selected pesticides. The main parameters governing sample preparation efficiency, including adsorbent dosage, desorption conditions, pH, extraction time, deep eutectic solvent volume, and salt concentration, were investigated. The linear ranges were 0.024-500 μg L-1 with 0.9971-0.9999 linearity factor (R2 ). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.006-0.038 and 0.024-0.126 μg L-1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.5-4.2% for intra-day analysis and 2.7-4.6% for inter-day analysis. Enrichment factors were in the range 210-540. CONCLUSIONS The method was successfully applied for the determination of malathion, heptachlor epoxide, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, azinphos ethyl, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in fruit juice samples (apple, pineapple, cherry, peach, and red and green grape juices) and the recoveries were within the range 71-115%. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Nouri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
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13
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Turan NB, TuğbaZaman B, Bakırdere S. Application of oleic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for a highly sensitive and efficient dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of fenazaquin in almond samples for determination by gas chromatrography mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Wu Y, An Q, Wu J, Li P, He J, Pan C. Development and evaluation of an automated multi-channel multiplug filtration cleanup device for pesticide residue analysis on mulberry leaves and processed tea. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2589-2597. [PMID: 35496093 PMCID: PMC9048779 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated multi-channel multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) device was designed and developed. m-PFC columns were suitably installed in the device. The cycle times, speed and nitrogen pressure parameters of the m-PFC column were optimized. The device was utilized to analyze the 82 pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea with GC-MS/MS detection. Method validation was performed on 82 pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea at spiked levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.5 mg kg−1. The fortified recoveries of 82 pesticides were 72–115% and the relative standard deviations were 1–15%, except for diniconazole and clodinafop-propargyl in mulberry leaves. The automated multi-channel m-PFC device was successfully applied to detect the pesticide residues in fresh mulberry leaves and processed tea samples. With comparison to the conventional QuEChERS method, the current method using this device did not need additional vortex or centrifugation steps, and could process 48–64 samples in about one hour. The automated m-PFC method saved labor and improved the precision and was shown to be efficient and practical in pesticide residue analysis. An automated device based on QuEChERS cleanup was developed, which is simple, fully automated, highly precise and highly efficient.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Quanshun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ping Li
- Raykol Group Co. Ltd
- Xiamen
- China
| | | | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- China
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15
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Anđelković D, Branković M, Kocić G, Mitić S, Pavlović R. Sorbent-excluding sample preparation method for GC-MS pesticide analysis in apple peel. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4720. [PMID: 31634409 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apple peel is frequently exposed to pesticides, especially in the last stages of the pesticide treatment practice. For a certain period, peel retains most of the applied pesticides, which precisely indicates the presence of pesticide residues. This study was conducted to establish and evaluate the method for the residue analysis of pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin, bifenthrin and boscalid by GC-MS in peel of Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Idared varieties. The method consisted of few steps, without the routine usage of sorbents, and resulted in efficient removal of waxes, targeted as main interferences in GC-MS analysis. The matrix effect, boscalid selectivity issue, trend of lower trueness for bifenthrin in all matrices and for all analytes in Granny Smith matrix were in some way associated with the waxes. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of three varieties of apple orchard samples, after 9 and 5 months of treatment with commercial formulations that contain pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and boscalid as active ingredients. Since the developed method consisted of few steps and used nontoxic and economic reagents, it could be implemented as a fast, economic and reliable screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Anđelković
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Branković
- Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Mitić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Radmila Pavlović
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy -University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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ZHOU YF, WANG ZL, MENG Z, MEN XQ, LI JG, LIU WY. Determination of Pyrethroids and Phthalate Esters in Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae by Successive Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Moreda-Piñeiro J, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Combined assisted extraction techniques as green sample pre-treatments in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Li G, Xu L, Wu W, Wang D, Jiang J, Chen X, Zhang W, Poapolathep S, Poapolathep A, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Li P. On-Site Ultrasensitive Detection Paper for Multiclass Chemical Contaminants via Universal Bridge-Antibody Labeling: Mycotoxin and Illegal Additives in Milk as an Example. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1968-1973. [PMID: 30509070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Du Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Natonal Reference for Biotoxin Detection, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Natonal Reference for Biotoxin Detection, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Natonal Reference for Biotoxin Detection, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
- Natonal Reference for Biotoxin Detection, Wuhan 430062, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Simple Solvent Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Rice Bran Protein Powder. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Analytical Method Validation for Determining Organophosphorus Pesticides in Baby Foods by a Modified Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method and Gas Chromatography–Ion Trap/Mass Spectrometry Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Lawal A, Wong RCS, Tan GH, Abdulra'uf LB, Alsharif AMA. Recent Modifications and Validation of QuEChERS-dSPE Coupled to LC-MS and GC-MS Instruments for Determination of Pesticide/Agrochemical Residues in Fruits and Vegetables: Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:656-669. [PMID: 29688338 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables constitute a major type of food consumed daily apart from whole grains. Unfortunately, the residual deposits of pesticides in these products are becoming a major health concern for human consumption. Consequently, the outcome of the long-term accumulation of pesticide residues has posed many health issues to both humans and animals in the environment. However, the residues have previously been determined using conventionally known techniques, which include liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the recently used liquid-phase microextraction techniques. Despite the positive technological effects of these methods, their limitations include; time-consuming, operational difficulty, use of toxic organic solvents, low selective property and expensive extraction setups, with shorter lifespan of instrumental performances. Thus, the potential and maximum use of these methods for pesticides residue determination has resulted in the urgent need for better techniques that will overcome the highlighted drawbacks. Alternatively, attention has been drawn recently towards the use of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe technique (QuEChERS) coupled with dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) to overcome the setback challenges experienced by the previous technologies. Conclusively, the reviewed QuEChERS-dSPE techniques and the recent cleanup modifications justifiably prove to be reliable for routine determination and monitoring the concentration levels of pesticide residues using advanced instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, P.M.B. Katsina, Nigeria
| | | | - Guan Huat Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lukman Bola Abdulra'uf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, P.M.B. Ilorin, Nigeria
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22
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Combination of supercritical fluid elution and resin adsorption for removal of procymidone from ginseng extracts. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Notardonato I, Salimei E, Russo MV, Avino P. Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby food samples by ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and GC-IT/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3285-3296. [PMID: 29549507 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Baby foods are either a soft, liquid paste or an easily chewed food since babies lack developed muscles and teeth to chew effectively. Babies typically move to consuming baby food once nursing or formula is not sufficient for the child's appetite. Some commercial baby foods have been criticized for their contents. This article focuses on the simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates by means of a method based on ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). The protocol developed allowed the determination of six phthalates [dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, isobutyl cyclohexyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] and 19 organophosphorus pesticides. Freeze-dried product samples (0.1-0.2 g) were dissolved in 10 mL of warm distilled water along with 5 μL of an internal standard (anthracene at 10 mg mL-1 in acetone): the choice of extraction solvent was studied, with the most suitable being n-heptane, which is used for phthalate determination in similar matrices. The solution, held for 5 min in a vortex mixer and for 6 min in a 100-W ultrasonic bath to favor solvent dispersion and consequently analyte extraction, was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min. Then 1 μL was injected into the GC-IT/MS system (SE-54 capillary column; length 30 m, inner diameter 250 μm, film thickness 0.25 μm). All analytical parameters investigated are discussed in depth. The method was applied to real commercial freeze-dried samples: significant contaminant concentrations were not found. Graphical abstract Simultaneous and sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby foods by the ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction ֪gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry procedure. 1 methacrifos, 2 pirofos, 3 phorate, 4 seraphos, 5 diazinon, 6 etrimphos, 7 dichlofenthion, 8 chlorpyrifos-methyl, 9 pirimiphos-methyl, 10 malathion, 11 chlorpyrifos, 12 parathion-ethyl, 13 pirimiphos-ethyl, 14 bromophos, 15 chlorfenvinphos, 16 bromophos-ethyl, 17 stirophos, 18 diethion, 19 coumaphos, A dimethyl phthalate, B diethyl phthalate, C dibutyl phthalate, D butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, E benzyl butyl phthalate, F bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, IS internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Notardonato
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salimei
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy. .,DIT, INAIL, via R. Ferruzzi 38/40, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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Multi-class analysis for simultaneous determination of pesticides, mycotoxins, process-induced toxicants and packaging contaminants in tea. Food Chem 2018; 242:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Hollow-Fibre-Supported Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Atrazine and Triclosan in Aqueous Samples. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:1451476. [PMID: 29158736 PMCID: PMC5660808 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1451476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the application of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to hollow-fibre membrane-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and its application for extraction of atrazine and triclosan. Under optimum conditions, namely, 25 μL of a 1 : 4 chlorobenzene : ethyl acetate mixture dispersed in 1 mL of aqueous sample, 10% (m/v) NaCl, a magnetic stirrer speed at 600 rpm, and 10 minutes' extraction time with toluene-filled fibre as the acceptor phase, the method demonstrates sufficient figures of merit. These include linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9975), intravial precision (%RSD ≤ 7.6), enrichment factors (127 and 142), limits of detection (0.0081 and 0.0169 µg/mL), and recovery from river water and sewerage (96–101%). The relatively high detection limits are attributed to the flame ionization detector which is less preferred than a mass spectrometer in trace analyses. This is the first report of a homogenous mixture of the dispersed organic solvent in aqueous solutions and its employment in extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It therefore adds yet another candidate in the pool of miniaturised solvent microextraction techniques.
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26
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Pang L, Yang H, Yang P, Zhang H, Zhao J. Trace determination of organophosphate esters in white wine, red wine, and beer samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 229:445-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Petrarca MH, Ccanccapa-Cartagena A, Masiá A, Godoy HT, Picó Y. Comparison of green sample preparation techniques in the analysis of pyrethrins and pyrethroids in baby food by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1497:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Recent Advances and Developments in the QuEChERS Method. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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