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López AR, Binda G, Roncoroni G, Recchia S, Monticelli D, Spanu D. Optimizing Antimony Speciation Analysis via Frontal Chromatography-ICP-MS to Explore the Release of PET Additives. Molecules 2024; 29:2870. [PMID: 38930935 PMCID: PMC11207106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) contamination poses significant environmental and health concerns due to its toxic nature and widespread presence, largely from anthropogenic activities. This study addresses the urgent need for an accurate speciation analysis of Sb, particularly in water sources, emphasizing its migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic materials. Current methodologies primarily focus on total Sb content, leaving a critical knowledge gap for its speciation. Here, we present a novel analytical approach utilizing frontal chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FC-ICP-MS) for the rapid speciation analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in water. Systematic optimization of the FC-ICP-MS method was achieved through multivariate data analysis, resulting in a remarkably short analysis time of 150 s with a limit of detection below 1 ng kg-1. The optimized method was then applied to characterize PET leaching, revealing a marked effect of the plastic aging and manufacturing process not only on the total amount of Sb released but also on the nature of leached Sb species. This evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of the FC-ICP-MS approach in addressing such an environmental concern, benchmarking a new standard for Sb speciation analysis in consideration of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, greenness, and broad applicability in environmental and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. López
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Gilberto Binda
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gianluca Roncoroni
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandro Recchia
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Damiano Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Davide Spanu
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (G.B.); (G.R.); (S.R.)
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Dong L, Wang W, Ning Y, Deng X, Gao Y. Detection of trace antimony by vanadium (IV) ion assisted photochemical vapor generation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:341006. [PMID: 36925311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a method for sensitive detection of trace antimony (Sb) was developed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) coupled with photochemical vapor generation (PVG). V(IV) ions were used as new "sensitizers" for improving the PVG efficiency of Sb. Factors influenced the PVG and the detection of Sb by ICP MS were investigated, including the type and concentration of low molecular weight organic acids, the UV irradiation time, the concentration of V(IV) ions, the air-liquid interface, the flow rate of Ar carrier gas, and interferences from co-existing ions. It was found that efficient reduction of Sb was obtained in the medium of 10% (v/v) formic acid (FA), 10% (v/v) acetic acid (AA), and 80 mg L-1 of V(IV) with 100 s UV irradiation. Under the selected conditions, there was no significant difference in analytical sensitivity between Sb(III) and Sb(V). The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) was 4.7 ng L-1 for Sb with ICP MS measurement. Compared to traditional direct solution nebulization, the analytical sensitivity obtained in this work was enhanced about 19-fold. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 7) were 1.9% and 2.3% for replicate measurement of 0.5 μg L-1 Sb(III) and Sb(V) standard solutions, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace Sb in water samples and two certified reference materials (CRMs) of sediments with satisfactory results. Moreover, the generated volatile species of Sb in this work was found to be (CH3)3Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Yongyan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Xiuqin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China.
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Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in water and biological samples by in-tube dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nishad PA, Bhaskarapillai A. Antimony, a pollutant of emerging concern: A review on industrial sources and remediation technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130252. [PMID: 33780676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for remediation of industrial effluents and natural sources contaminated with antimony - a pollutant of emerging concern - are just emerging. The complex speciation of antimony makes it challenging to devise effective remediation technologies. Antimony is used in several industrial applications and comes into the environment majorly through human induced activities such as antimony mining and other activities involving the use of various products containing antimony. Many researchers are working on the important task of developing methodologies to stop or limit the release of antimony into the environment through these activities. Antimony removal is an important requirement in nuclear industry as well due to the formation of its radioactive isotopes during power plant operations. Thus, better antimony remediation or removal techniques can have wider applications ranging from domestic water treatment and industrial effluent remediation to safe isolation of radioactive waste in the nuclear industry. Proper understanding of the problem is very important in designing the source appropriate remediation technique. Treatment methodologies needed for antimony effluents from antimony mining and smelting industries are different from antimony decontamination in nuclear reactors. The problem of antimony leaching from a polyethylene terephthalate bottle is very much different from the leaching of antimony from mining wastes. Each process necessitates custom-made treatment methodologies by taking into account various factors including the speciation and concentration. The current review is focused on this aspect. The review attempts to bring out a clear understanding on various industry specific sources of antimony pollution and the available antimony removal/remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padala Abdul Nishad
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 102, India.
| | - Anupkumar Bhaskarapillai
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 102, India; HomiBhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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Liendo F, de la Vega AP, Jesus Aguirre M, Godoy F, Martí AA, Flores E, Pizarro J, Segura R. A simple graphene modified electrode for the determination of antimony(III) in edible plants and beverage. Food Chem 2021; 367:130676. [PMID: 34365250 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimony(III) is a rare electroactive specie present on Earth, whose concentration is not typically determined. The presence of high concentrations of antimony is responsible for a variety of diseases, which makes it desirable to find convenient and reliable methods for its determination. We have developed a convenient glassy carbon modified electrode with electroreduced graphene oxide GC/rGO for the first time determination of Sb(III) in commercial lettuce, celery, and beverages. The surface of the electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry, indicating a heterogeneous and rough surface with a real area of 0.28 cm2, which is ~2.5 times the area of GC. The optimal chemical and electrochemical parameters used were: sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.3), an accumulation potential of -1.0 V and an accumulation time of 150 s. The analytical validation was developed evaluating the linear range (10-60 µg L-1), limit of detection (2.5 µg L-1), accuracy, repetibility and reproducibility with satisfactory results (relative standard deviation (RSD) values lower than 10%). All the analyzes performed in real samples by stripping voltammetry were compared with GF-AAS, showing statistically similar values, demonstrating that GC/rGO could be effectively applied in the analysis of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Liendo
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Amaya Paz de la Vega
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jesus Aguirre
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Godoy
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Angel A Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Bioengineering, Smalley-Curl Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Erick Flores
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jaime Pizarro
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Segura
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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An accurate analytical method for the determination of antimony in tea and tap water samples: photochemical vapor generation-atom trapping prior to FAAS measurement. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Masac J, Machynak L, Lovic J, Beinrohr E, Cacho F. On-line electrochemical preconcentration and electrochemical hydride generation for determination of antimony by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 223:121767. [PMID: 33298277 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trace concentrations of antimony in aquatic samples were determined by high resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) after electrochemical pre-concentration and electrochemical hydride generation. Antimony was electrochemically deposited in a microporous glassy carbon electrode as elemental antimony then was electrochemically converted at the same electrode surface to antimony hydride which was transported by argon gas to the quartz cuvette of the spectrometer. The detection limit and precision of the method are below 0.1 μg L-1 and 3-5%, respectively. The method was employed for the determination of antimony in a CRM and water samples including surface, underground and waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Masac
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomir Machynak
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Lovic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ernest Beinrohr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Cacho
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Xiao Z, Wang J, Guo J, Suo D, Wang S, Tian J, Guo L, Fan X. Quantitative selenium speciation in feed by enzymatic probe sonication and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:268-279. [PMID: 33405994 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1849820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and species preservative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of six selenium (Se) species has been developed. Enzymatic probe sonication (EPS) was investigated as a novel and alternative technology for the extraction of Se species from feed matrices and the results were compared with the conventional hot water extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and sequential extraction. The critical parameters of EPS such as enzyme types, extraction time, temperature, ultrasonic power and sample/enzyme ratio were varied with control. The Se species were separated and quantitatively determined by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Under current optimised conditions, six inorganic and organic Se species were completely separated within 15 min in a single chromatographic run. The spectral interferences from the argon plasma 40Ar2, 40Ar37Cl or 1H79Br were effectively removed by employing the kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode. Quantitative extraction for total Se (>94.8%) and more than 89.0% for the sum of different Se chemical forms without species transformation were obtained in only 60 s by applying the EPS treatment using aqueous protease XIV. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for Se species were in the ranges of 0.21-0.56 µg kg-1 and 0.69-1.87 µg kg-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the speciation of Se in several reference materials and feed samples collected from the markets and local farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jitong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Feed Control , Beijing, China
| | - Jiangpeng Guo
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry , Beijing, China
| | - Decheng Suo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xia Fan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
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Paajanen J, Lönnrot S, Heikkilä M, Meinander K, Kemell M, Hatanpää T, Ainassaari K, Ritala M, Koivula R. Novel electroblowing synthesis of submicron zirconium dioxide fibers: effect of fiber structure on antimony(v) adsorption. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4373-4383. [PMID: 36134400 PMCID: PMC9418533 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Both stable and radioactive antimony are common industrial pollutants. For antimonate (Sb(v)) removal from industrial waste water, we synthesized submicron zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) fibers by electroblowing and calcination of the as-electroblown fibers. The fibers are amorphous after calcination at 300 and 400 °C and their average diameter is 720 nm. The fibers calcined at 500 to 800 °C have an average diameter of 570 nm and their crystal structure transforms from tetragonal to monoclinic at the highest calcination temperatures. We investigated Sb(v) adsorption capacity of the synthesized ZrO2 fibers as a function of pH, adsorption isotherm at pH 6 and adsorption kinetics at pH 7. The tetragonal ZrO2 fibers calcined at 500 °C exhibited the best potential for Sb(v) remediation with Sb(v) uptake of 10 mg g-1 at pH 2 and a maximum Sb(v) uptake of 8.6 mg g-1 in the adsorption isotherm experiment. They also reached 30% of 7 days' Sb(v) uptake in only a minute. The adsorption kinetics followed the Elovich model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Paajanen
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | - Satu Lönnrot
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | - Mikko Heikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | | | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | - Timo Hatanpää
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | - Kaisu Ainassaari
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, FI-90014 University of Oulu P.O. Box 4300 Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
| | - Risto Koivula
- Department of Chemistry, FI-00014 University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 Finland
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Yu X, Liu C, Guo Y, Deng T. Speciation Analysis of Trace Arsenic, Mercury, Selenium and Antimony in Environmental and Biological Samples Based on Hyphenated Techniques. Molecules 2019; 24:E926. [PMID: 30866421 PMCID: PMC6429259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain a well understanding of the toxicity and ecological effects of trace elements in the environment, it is necessary to determine not only the total amount, but also their existing species. Speciation analysis has become increasingly important in making risk assessments of toxic elements since the toxicity and bioavailability strongly depend on their chemical forms. Effective separation of different species in combination with highly sensitive detectors to quantify these particular species is indispensable to meet this requirement. In this paper, we present the recent progresses on the speciation analysis of trace arsenic, mercury, selenium and antimony in environmental and biological samples with an emphasis on the separation and detection techniques, especially the recent applications of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated to atomic spectrometry or mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yafei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Tianlong Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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