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Forero-Doria O, Guzmán L, Venturini W, Zapata-Gomez F, Duarte Y, Camargo-Ayala L, Echeverría C, Echeverría J. O-Alkyl derivatives of ferulic and syringic acid as lipophilic antioxidants: effect of the length of the alkyl chain on the improvement of the thermo-oxidative stability of sunflower oil. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22513-22524. [PMID: 39015663 PMCID: PMC11250141 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is the major cause of the deterioration of fat-containing foods, especially those containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Antioxidant additives of synthetic origin are added to matrices rich in PUFAs, such as sunflower oil (SO). However, there is controversy regarding their safety, and their low solubility in both water and fat has led to the search for new covalent modifications through lipophilicity. This work presents the synthesis of O-alkyl acid derivatives from ferulic and syringic acids and the study of their antioxidant capacity and effect on the thermoxidative degradation of SO. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by employing ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays in a concentration range of 10-100 µg mL-1. The IC50 values for DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 15.61-90.43 µg mL-1. The results of the FRAP assay for both O-alkyl ferulic (3a-f) and syringic (5a-f) series revealed a "cut-off" effect on antioxidant activity in carbon five (C5). Thermoxidation study of additives 3b-c and 5b-c showed a decrease in the slope of extinction coefficients K 232 and K 270 in comparison with SOcontrol. Furthermore, 3c presented higher antioxidant activity than 3b and 1, with a power to decrease the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) 6 times higher than SOcontrol at 220 °C. Additives 5b-c exerted a protective effect on the thermoxidation of SO. The results suggest that increasing lipophilic and thermal properties of antioxidants through O-alkyl acid derivatization is an effective strategy for accessing lipophilic antioxidant additives with potential use in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Forero-Doria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago 9170022 Chile +56-2-27181154
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca Maule Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Departamento de Ciencias Pre-Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Felipe Zapata-Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca Maule Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Av. República 330 Santiago 8370146 Chile
| | - Lorena Camargo-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica y Actividad Biológica (LSO-Act-Bio), Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Cesar Echeverría
- ATACAMA-OMICS, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama 1532502 Copiapó Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago 9170022 Chile +56-2-27181154
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Zhang XJ, Diao MN, Zhang YF. A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6150-6166. [PMID: 37127924 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use of BHA has led to its extensive presence in various environmental matrices and human tissues. Food intake is the main route of human exposure to BHA. Under different conditions, BHA can produce different metabolites, with tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one of the major products. Several studies have shown that BHA could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic and growth disorders, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis appear to be associated with the toxic effects of BHA. Avoiding the toxic effects of BHA to the maximum extent possible is a top priority. Finding safe, non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives to BHA should be the focus of subsequent research. In all, this review summarized the current situation related to BHA and might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Dong B, Qu H, Yan L, Liu C, Mao Y, Zheng L. Colorimetric detection of 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone in edible oils based on a chromogenic reaction with commercial chemicals. Food Chem 2023; 400:134037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han S, Ding Y, Teng F, Yao A, Leng Q. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on 3D-flower-like MoS2 decorated with silver nanoparticles for highly selective detection of butylated hydroxyanisole. Food Chem 2022; 387:132899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tang J, Li J, Liu T, Tang W, Li N, Zheng S, Guo J, Song C. N-Doped TiO2–Carbon Composites Derived from NH2-MIL-125(Ti) for Electrochemical Determination of tert-Butylhydroquinone. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Liu W, Zong B, Wang X, Yang G, Yu J. Deep eutectic solvents as switchable solvents for highly efficient liquid-liquid microextraction of phenolic antioxidant: Easily tracking the original TBHQ in edible oils. Food Chem 2022; 377:131946. [PMID: 34979403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is easily oxidized to tert-butylquinone (TQ) during the storage of edible oils, resulting in an obvious decrease in the content of TBHQ in edible oils. Therefore, it is quite desirable to develop a simple analytical method for accurately tracking the original content of TBHQ in edible oils. In this work, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been successfully used in room temperature vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) of TBHQ from edible oils. The DES composed of ethylene glycol and choline chloride (ChCl) could selectively extract TBHQ from edible oils containing both TBHQ and TQ. The DES composed of sesamol and ChCl (molar ratio of 3:1) could efficiently reduce TQ to TBHQ and extract TBHQ from edible oils. The whole VALLME process only required 5 min at room temperature. This switchable DESs-based VALLME with common RP-HPLC analysis showed high efficiency and good performance with linearity (R2 = 0.9999) in 5-500 mg/kg range, detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg, recoveries of 96.1-106.0% and intra-/inter-day precision below 2.0%. This analytical method is suitable for detecting the current content of TBHQ and tracking the original content of TBHQ during the storage of edible oils at room temperature, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Bingyue Zong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Guolong Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Du B, Shen M, Pan Z, Zhu C, Luo D, Zeng L. Trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with complementary use of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Food Chem 2021; 375:131663. [PMID: 34848092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presented a universal LC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in foods by complementary use of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The analytes included not only the well-known BHT and BHA but also 18 high molecular weight SPAs. The method utilized APCI to achieve sensitive analysis of BHT, Irganox 1010, Irganox 330, and Irganox 3125 based on the finding that APCI significantly improved the sensitivity of these weakly acidic or slightly polar SPAs, and utilized ESI to obtain sensitive analysis of other SPAs. Additionally, the method avoided background contamination by using effective measures including installation of a trapping column in the LC system. Method performance assessment showed satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision for analysis of SPAs in vegetable oil, milk powder, and baby fruit puree. Method application revealed widespread contamination of foods with BHT, Irganox 1010, and Irganox 1076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibai Du
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Mingjie Shen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zibin Pan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Flores M, Reyes-García L, Ortiz-Viedma J, Romero N, Vilcanqui Y, Rogel C, Echeverría J, Forero-Doria O. Thermal Behavior Improvement of Fortified Commercial Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) Oil with Maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis) Leaf Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:664. [PMID: 33923315 PMCID: PMC8145251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil is considered a highly prized food due to its nutritional contribution. On the other hand, Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Elaeocarpaceae), common name "maqui", is an endemic fruit in Chile, well known for its exceptional antioxidant properties. In general, maqui by-products such as leaves are considered as waste. Thus, maqui leaves extracts were used to improve the stability of vegetable oils, particularly avocado oil. Hence, avocado oil was fortified with two extracts (ethyl ether and methanol) obtained of maqui leaves and exposed to 120 °C for 386 h in an oven. The results showed a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (69.46%, mainly oleic acid), followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (16.41%, mainly linoleic acid) and finally saturated fatty acids (14.13%). The concentration of the total phenolic compounds in the pure oil, ethyl ether and methanol maqui leaves extracts were 45.8, 83.7, and 4100.9 ppm, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity was 5091.6 and 19,452.5 µmol Trolox eq/g for the ethyl ether and methanol extracts, respectively. The secondary degradation compounds showed significant differences between the fortified and non-fortified samples after 144 h and the TG/DTG analysis showed a significant increment of 7 °C in the degradation temperature (Tonset) of avocado oil fortified with the methanol extract when compared to the non-fortified oil and fortified oil with ethyl ether extract. After heating for 336 h, fortified oil with methanol extract reached the limit percentages of polar compounds, while pure oil reached it in a shorter time, i.e., 240 h. Based on the results, avocado oil can be protected with natural additives such as extracts obtained from maqui leaves, leading to an increase in its thermo-oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Luis Reyes-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Jaime Ortiz-Viedma
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.O.-V.); (N.R.)
| | - Nalda Romero
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.O.-V.); (N.R.)
| | - Yesica Vilcanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash S/N, Moquegua 18001, Peru;
| | - Cristian Rogel
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Oscar Forero-Doria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
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Xie Q, Xia M, Sun D, Cao J, Xiao Y, Lin M, Hou B, Jia L, Li D. Deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol in edible oils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:577-584. [PMID: 33205254 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For simultaneous analysis of four fat-soluble tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-) in edible oils, an efficient and green method using deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction (DES-LPME) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed. The DESs formed by different quaternary ammonium salts and ethanol were used as the extractants. Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC)-ethanol DES at a molar ratio of 1:2 achieved the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits were in the range of 2.1-3.0 ng mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day repeatability were in the ranges of 3.9-5.3% and 4.8-7.1%, respectively, and the recoveries for the real samples varied from 80.7% to 105.4%. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of all four tocopherol homologues with an RP-HPLC system containing a COSMOSIL π-NAP column in five edible oils collected locally. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dekui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangping Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000, Ninxia, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Litao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Debao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Stability-indicating LC method for the simultaneous determination of methyl paraben, propyl paraben, butylated hydroxytoluene and alpha-tocopherol contents in marijuana capsules. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Nunes Angelis P, Cássia Mendonça J, Rianne da Rocha L, Boareto Capelari T, Carolyne Prete M, Gava Segatelli M, Borsato D, Ricardo Teixeira Tarley C. Feasibility of a Nano‐Carbon Black Paste Electrode for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Antioxidants in Food Samples and Biodiesel in the Presence of Surfactant. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nunes Angelis
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Jhessica Cássia Mendonça
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Luana Rianne da Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Tainara Boareto Capelari
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Maiyara Carolyne Prete
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Mariana Gava Segatelli
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - Dionisio Borsato
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
| | - César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 CEP 86050-482 Londrina-PR Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Bioanalítica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química AnalíticaCidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz s/n, CEP 13083-970 Campinas – SP Brasil
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Yue X, Luo X, Zhou Z, Bai Y. Selective electrochemical determination of tertiary butylhydroquinone in edible oils based on an in-situ assembly molecularly imprinted polymer sensor. Food Chem 2019; 289:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Effect of Phospholipase A 1-Catalyzed Degumming on Oryzanol, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols of Dewaxed Rice Bran Oil. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1608750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of phospholipase A1-catalyzed degumming on the phosphorus content, the retention rate of oryzanol, and total tocopherols and tocotrienols of dewaxed rice bran oil was investigated with comparison to water degumming and citric acid degumming. The fatty acid composition of dewaxed rice bran oil was also studied by gas chromatography. The phosphorus content of dewaxed rice bran oil after phospholipase A1-catalyzed degumming could be decreased from 332.5 mg·kg−1 to 9.3 mg·kg−1 with the citric acid dosage of 0.10%, high shearing rate of 23000 rpm, chelation time of 60 min, NaOH dosage of 1.5 mole equivalent to the amount of citric acid, reaction temperature of 50°C, and total water dosage of 2.5%, while the phosphorus content of dewaxed rice bran oil after water and acid degumming was 120.5 mg·kg−1 and 66.4 mg·kg−1, respectively. The retention rate of oryzanol and total tocopherols and tocotrienols was 97.58% and 96.81% for phospholipase A1-catalyzed degumming, 91.44% and 85.98% for water degumming, and 92.85% and 87.75% for acid degumming. There was no obvious change in fatty acid composition. The results indicated that phospholipase A1-catalyzed degumming was an effective method since it could decrease the phosphorus content to the required level and provide high retention rate of oryzanol and total content of tocopherols and tocotrienols without obvious change of fatty acid composition.
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Mohamed TY, Nassar MY, Amin AS, Elnadi MM. Spectrophotometric determination of butylated hydroxyanisole in pure form and cream formulation via an oxidation–reduction reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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