1
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He M, Chen P, Li M, Lei F, Lu W, Jiang C, Liu J, Li Y, Xiao J, Zheng Y. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of changes in endogenous hormone and sugar content during the formation of tender asparagus stems. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:581. [PMID: 38898382 PMCID: PMC11186092 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus is a nutritionally dense stem vegetable whose growth and development are correlated with its quality and yield. To investigate the dynamic changes and underlying mechanisms during the elongation and growth process of asparagus stems, we documented the growth pattern of asparagus and selected stem segments from four consecutive elongation stages using physiological and transcriptome analyses. Notably, the growth rate of asparagus accelerated at a length of 25 cm. A significant decrease in the concentration of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and additional sugars was observed in the elongation region of tender stems. Conversely, the levels of auxin and gibberellins(GAs) were elevated along with increased activity of enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. A significant positive correlation existed between auxin, GAs, and enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. The ABA content gradually increased with stem elongation. The tissue section showed that cell elongation is an inherent manifestation of stem elongation. The differential genes screened by transcriptome analysis were enriched in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone synthesis metabolism, and signal transduction. The expression levels of genes such as ARF, GA20ox, NCED, PIF4, and otherswere upregulated during stem elongation, while DAO, GA2ox, and other genes were downregulated. The gene expression level was consistent with changes in hormone content and influenced the cell length elongation. Additionally, the expression results of RT-qPCR were consistent with RNA-seq. The observed variations in gene expression levels, endogenous hormones and sugar changes during the elongation and growth of asparagus tender stems offer valuable insights for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of asparagus stem growth and development and provide a theoretical foundation for cultivation and production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiran Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengyun Lei
- Agricultural Equipment Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Xiao J, He M, Chen P, Li M, Liu J, Li Y, Lu W, Jiang C, Liu D, Quzha K, Zheng Y. Proanthocyanidins delay the senescence of young asparagus stems by regulating antioxidant capacity and synthesis of phytochemicals. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101222. [PMID: 38389577 PMCID: PMC10881539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Asparagus, characterized by its high metabolic rate, is susceptible to quality degradation. Proanthocyanidins have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and other biological functions and can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species in plants. To enhance the shelf life of asparagus, we investigated the impact of various concentrations of proanthocyanidins on its cold storage and preservation. The findings revealed that proanthocyanidins effectively mitigated water loss, delayed chlorophyll degradation, and prevented firmness decline. Furthermore, they enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase), bolstered DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and increased the levels of total phenol, total flavone, rutin, oligomeric procyanidins, proline, and soluble protein. Moreover, proanthocyanidins promoted the accumulation of vitamin C, amino acids, total saponins, and lignin in the later storage stage, contributing to increased mechanical tissue thickness. These results suggest that proanthocyanidins play a crucial role in retarding the deterioration of asparagus quality during storage by affecting the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical (polyphenol,amino acid, total saponin, and lignin) synthesis in asparagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Maolin He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peiran Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dingsong Liu
- Education, Technology and Sports Bureau of Enyang District, Bazhong 636063, China
| | - Konggar Quzha
- Jiangzi County Rilang Township Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Shigatse 857400, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chileh Chelh T, Rincon-Cervera MA, Gomez-Mercado F, Lopez-Ruiz R, Gallon-Bedoya M, Ezzaitouni M, Guil-Guerrero JL. Wild Asparagus Shoots Constitute a Healthy Source of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:5786. [PMID: 37570757 PMCID: PMC10421306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS; (ii) total phenolic acids and total flavonoid content by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods; (iii) vitamin C by HPLC-DAD; (iv) antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS•+ methods; and (v) the in vitro antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by the MTT assay. Phenolics ranged from 107.5 (A. aphyllus) to 605.4 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) (A. horridus). Vitamin C ranged from 15.8 (A. acutifolius) to 22.7 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) (A. officinalis). The antioxidant activity was similar in all species, standing out in A. officinalis with 5.94 (DPPH) and 4.64 (ABTS) mmol TE/100 g dw. Among phenolics, rutin reached the highest values (574 mg/100 g dw in A. officinalis), followed by quercetin, nicotiflorin, asterin, and narcissin. The MTT assay revealed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts against HT-29 cancer cells, highlighting the cell growth inhibition exercised by A. albus (300 µg/mL after 72 h exposure to cells). This work improves knowledge on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of the shoots of wild Asparagus species and confirms their suitability for use as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Chileh Chelh
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Miguel A. Rincon-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | | | - Rosalia Lopez-Ruiz
- Chemical-Physical Department, Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Manuela Gallon-Bedoya
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Medellín Campus, National University of Colombia, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
| | - Mohamed Ezzaitouni
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Jose L. Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
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4
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Redondo-Cuenca A, García-Alonso A, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Castro I, Alba C, Miguel Rodríguez J, Goñi I. Nutritional composition of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), edible part and by-products, and assessment of their effect on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112284. [PMID: 36596190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus is considered a healthy food with a high content of bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate and mineral composition, non-digestible carbohydrates and bioactive compounds of edible spear, spear by-product and root have been evaluated. Their activity on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria has been studied. The results support the high nutritional and functional value of the asparagus, including its by-products, highlighting the potential of the non-edible parts to be used as prebiotics. A remarkable content in xylose, inulin, flavonoids and saponins has been found. It has been shown that the spear by-product can be selectively used to promote the growth of commensal or probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains. It has been confirmed that any part of the asparagus has a potential future as a healthy food or as health-promoting ingredients, however more work is required to identify the compounds able to modulate the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Alonso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocio Rodríguez-Arcos
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide Universitary Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Liu P, Gao R, Gao L, Bi J, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Distinct Quality Changes of Asparagus during Growth by Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15999-16009. [PMID: 36480912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus is a popular vegetable and traditional medicine consumed worldwide due to its health benefits. The quality of asparagus, mainly attributed to small components like flavonoids and steroid, is quite differential as a result of different environments and maturities. However, the accumulation pattern and regulatory mechanism of metabolites in asparagus remain unclear so far. Herein, widely targeted metabolomics analysis was employed to study the quality and chemical composition variances of four asparagus, including three green asparagus of different maturities and one white asparagus. A total of 1045 metabolites were annotated in asparagus in which flavonoids and phenolic acids accounted for 37.51% of the total. Green asparagus was found to be rich in flavonoids, while white asparagus contained more steroids. Additionally, 461 biomarkers were screened between matured green and white asparagus, which is much more than that filtered among three green asparagus at different growth stages. These results indicated that sunlight has a stronger effect on the metabolism of asparagus compared to the general development of asparagus. Linoleic acid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were active during green asparagus growth, while flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis resulted as two of the most important pathways when asparagus was exposed to sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxiang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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6
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Hong SJ, Park NI, Hwang DK, Yi TG, Eum HL. Comparison of yield and metabolites according to the types of hilling materials utilized during Glehnia littoralis sprout vegetable cultivation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:669-679. [PMID: 35646412 PMCID: PMC9133278 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Various hilling materials (rice hulls, pine sawdust, and perlite) were compared to produce sprout vegetables using beach silvertop (Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm. ex Miq.). We have investigated the yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS), phenolic compounds, and volatile compounds of G. littoralis sprout vegetables. Comparing the yield and phenolic compounds according to the hilling materials, the rice hulls treatment was the most and followed by sawdust and perlite. The leaves and stems of G. littoralis sprout vegetable contain approximately 27 volatile compounds. The sawdust treatment had a pine scent even during the hilling process, and these scent components were entirely absorbed by the stem. The result suggested that sawdust treatment, like rice hulls, had a high yield and high content of beneficial compounds, but the stem of G. littoralis had a pine tree scent, reducing the inherent scent of G. littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Jin Hong
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Keun Hwang
- Gangneung Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Gangneung-si, 25436 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Yi
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Lan Eum
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
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7
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Hong SJ, Park NI, Park Y, Kim BS, Eum HL. Effect of disinfecting harvesting knives with sodium hypochlorite on soft rot infection of Kimchi cabbage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1139-1150. [PMID: 34471567 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sterilizing harvesting knives with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on soft rot in Kimchi cabbage. Knives were infected with Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), sterilized with NaOCl (100, 200, and 300 mg/L), and used to cut Kimchi cabbage slices, which were incubated for 70 h in a 28 °C incubator. In Kimchi cabbage slices cut with a Pcc-inoculated knife without NaOCl sterilization, symptoms began to appear after 20 h, and approximately 60% of the cabbage slices were infected after 70 h of incubation. In contrast, in cabbage cut with a sterilized knife, soft rot symptoms were delayed, and they began to appear after 40 h of incubation in the 200 mg/L-treated. The expression levels of PG10, PG12-1, PG12-3, WRKY 33, MPK3, ACO1, and ACO2 were increased in infected plants, and NaOCl treatment decreased these expression levels. Transmission of soft rot can be minimized by disinfecting harvesting knives with 200 mg/L NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Jin Hong
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sup Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung-si, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Lan Eum
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
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8
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Yu Q, Fan L. Improving the bioactive ingredients and functions of asparagus from efficient to emerging processing technologies: A review. Food Chem 2021; 358:129903. [PMID: 33933971 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, asparagus is a vegetable with abundant phytochemicals (polyphenols, saponins, asparagusic acid, and alkaloids) and crucial bioactivities (neuroprotective, antianxiety, antityrosinase, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiasthma effects). Numerous investigations indicated that processing technologies have a significant influence on the physicochemical, functional, and microstructural characteristics of asparagus. This review presents an updated overview of novel applications of processing technologies, including ultrasound treatments (in terms of extraction, purification, and preservation), heating treatments (hydrothermal treatments, thermal treatments, and combination heating treatments), high-pressure processing, representative shelf-life extension technologies, and green extraction technologies. These physical technologies enhance the yields of bioactive substances, bioactivities and product quality. In addition, utilizing the novel technologies (ohmic heating, cold plasma, pulsed electric fields, membrane processing) and conventional technologies with novel effects to fully develop the potential of asparagus should also be taken into consideration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborat Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Qual Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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9
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Yu Q, Fan L. New insights into antityrosinase capacity and polyphenols of asparagus during hydrothermal treatments. Food Chem 2020; 326:126968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Eum HL, Park Y, Yi TG, Lee JW, Ha KS, Choi IY, Park NI. Effect of germination environment on the biochemical compounds and anti-inflammatory properties of soybean cultivars. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232159. [PMID: 32339211 PMCID: PMC7185686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated changes in the isoflavone content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS), and anti-inflammatory activities of small-seeded and large-seeded soybean cultivars during germination (light/dark conditions). Total isoflavone content was higher at the seed stage in large-seeded soybeans, while it increased after 7 days of germination in small-seeded soybeans, particularly in response to light conditions, under which they had high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities. In large-seeded soybeans, the germination environment did not significantly affect TFC or DPPH inhibition, whereas TPC and ABTS inhibition were high under dark germination conditions. Extracts of sprouts exhibited superior anti-inflammatory activities. Nitric oxide production was slightly lower in small-seeded and large-seeded soybeans germinated under light and dark conditions, respectively. Our findings indicate that germinated soybeans improved nutritionally, and that enhancement of bioactivity under different germination environments could contribute to the selection of appropriate soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Lan Eum
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Yi
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Soo Ha
- Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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11
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Guo Q, Wang N, Liu H, Li Z, Lu L, Wang C. The bioactive compounds and biological functions of Asparagus officinalis L. – A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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12
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Pegiou E, Mumm R, Acharya P, de Vos RCH, Hall RD. Green and White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis): A Source of Developmental, Chemical and Urinary Intrigue. Metabolites 2019; 10:E17. [PMID: 31881716 PMCID: PMC7022954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is one of the world's top 20 vegetable crops. Both green and white shoots (spears) are produced; the latter being harvested before becoming exposed to light. The crop is grown in nearly all areas of the world, with the largest production regions being China, Western Europe, North America and Peru. Successful production demands high farmer input and specific environmental conditions and cultivation practices. Asparagus materials have also been used for centuries as herbal medicine. Despite this widespread cultivation and consumption, we still know relatively little about the biochemistry of this crop and how this relates to the nutritional, flavour, and neutra-pharmaceutical properties of the materials used. To date, no-one has directly compared the contrasting compositions of the green and white crops. In this short review, we have summarised most of the literature to illustrate the chemical richness of the crop and how this might relate to key quality parameters. Asparagus has excellent nutritional properties and its flavour/fragrance is attributed to a set of volatile components including pyrazines and sulphur-containing compounds. More detailed research, however, is needed and we propose that (untargeted) metabolomics should have a more prominent role to play in these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
| | - Parag Acharya
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Influence of drought stress on bioactive compounds, antioxidant enzymes and glucosinolate contents of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). Food Chem 2019; 308:125657. [PMID: 31669950 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of drought stress on Chinese cabbage (Chcab) by measuring plant growth responses, total antioxidant enzyme activities, the contents of bioactive compounds including glucosinolates (GLS, aliphatic and indolic), and binding with human serum albumin (HSA). Forty-day-old Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) seedlings were transplanted into pots and maintained for three weeks at 10% (drought-treated, D-T) and 30% (control, C) soil water. The total leaf number, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights were significantly lower in D-T Chcab than in controls. Total GLSs and catalase activities were found to be significantly higher in D-T Chcab than in controls. Indolic GLSs were significantly higher than aliphatic GLSs in D-T Chcab. These results show that D-T Chcab reduced growth parameters and binding properties with HSA and influenced total contents of GLSs, polyphenols, flavonoids, total antioxidant enzyme activities, catalase and peroxidase.
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Koda T, Shirato K, Takanari J, Imai H. Effects of a Standardized Extract of Asparagus officinalisStem on Photoaging in the Epidermal Layer of the Skin Using Cultured Keratinocytes. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19857345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koda
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Imai
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
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Antioxidant capacities and polyphenols in autumn-growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis cv. Bulam Plus). Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Yu Q, Li J, Fan L. Effect of Drying Methods on the Microstructure, Bioactivity Substances, and Antityrosinase Activity of Asparagus Stems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1537-1545. [PMID: 30689370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of vacuum drying (VD), far-infrared drying (FIRD), hot air drying (HAD), and freeze drying (FD), as representative food drying methods, on structural characterization, bioactive substances, and antityrosinase activity of Asparagus have been assessed. The microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy indicated that VD treatment led to serious breaking of the vascular bundle and epithelial cells and provided higher free polyphenol (FP) and bound polyphenol (BP) contents. Besides, the smaller individual molecule (weight and hydroxy and phenolic rings) polyphenols bound to cellulose to a lesser extent than larger molecules, i.e., rutin and quercetin. In contrast, FD extracts possessed lower polyphenol contents but higher saponin and chlorophyll contents. The antityrosinase activity inhibition rates of FD and VD extracts were higher than those of FIRD and HAD for both mono- and diphenolase. The FP extract of VD, which possessed more polyphenolic compounds, had greater antityrosinase activity than BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Van den Ende W. Novel fructan exohydrolase: unique properties and applications for human health. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4227-4231. [PMID: 30124951 PMCID: PMC6093494 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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18
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Tabaszewska M, Gabor A, Jaworska G, Drożdż I. Effect of fermentation and storage on the nutritional value and contents of biologically-active compounds in lacto-fermented white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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