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Shettar SS, Bagewadi ZK, Yunus Khan T, Mohamed Shamsudeen S, Kolvekar HN. Biochemical characterization of immobilized recombinant subtilisin and synthesis and functional characterization of recombinant subtilisin capped silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104009. [PMID: 38766505 PMCID: PMC11101740 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This pioneering research explores the transformative potential of recombinant subtilisin, emphasizing its strategic immobilization and nanoparticle synthesis to elevate both stability and therapeutic efficacy. Achieving an impressive 95.25 % immobilization yield with 3 % alginate composed of sodium along with 0.2 M CaCl2 indicates heightened pH levels and thermal resistance, with optimal action around pH 10 as well as 80 °C temperature. Notably, the Ca-alginate-immobilized subtilisin exhibits exceptional storage longevity and recyclability, affirming its practical viability. Comprehensive analyses of the recombinant subtilisin under diverse conditions underscore its adaptability, reflected in kinetic enhancements with increased Vmax (10.7 ± 15 × 103 U/mg) and decreased Km (0.19 ± 0.3 mM) values post-immobilization using N-Suc-F-A-A-F-pNA. UV-visible spectroscopy confirms the successful capping of nanoparticles made of Ag and ZnO by recombinant subtilisin, imparting profound antibacterial efficacy against diverse organisms and compelling antioxidant properties. Cytotoxicity was detected against the MCF-7 breast cancer line of cells, exhibiting IC50 concentrations at 8.87 as well as 14.52 µg/mL of AgNP as well as ZnONP, correspondingly, indicating promising anticancer potential. Rigorous characterization, including FTIR, SEM-EDS, TGA and AFM robustly validate the properties of the capped nanoparticles. Beyond therapeutic implications, the investigation explores industrial applications, revealing the versatility of recombinant subtilisin in dehairing, blood clot dissolution, biosurfactant activity, and blood stain removal. In summary, this research unfolds the exceptional promise of recombinant subtilisin and its nanoparticles, presenting compelling opportunities for diverse therapeutic applications in medicine. These findings contribute substantively to biotechnology and healthcare and stimulate avenues for further innovation and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S. Shettar
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - T.M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen
- Department of Diagnostic Dental Science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harsh N. Kolvekar
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
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2
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Dos Santos CWV, de Souza CB, Da Silva AT, Nascimento JSD, Meireles Grillo LA, Gomes FS, Pereira HJV. Purification and characterization of a new trypsin-like protease from Crotalaria stipularia. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38156982 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2299423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteases are the main enzymes traded worldwide-comprising 60% of the total enzyme market-and are fundamental to the degradation and processing of proteins and peptides. Due to their high commercial demand and biological importance, there is a search for alternative sources of these enzymes. Crotalaria stipularia is highlighted for its agroecological applications, including organic fertilizers, nematode combat, and revegetation of areas contaminated with toxic substances. Considering the pronounced biotechnological functionality of the studied species and the necessity to discover alternative sources of proteases, we investigated the extraction, purification, and characterization of a protease from seeds of the C. stipularia plant. Protease isolation was achieved by three-phase partitioning and single-step molecular exclusion chromatography in Sephacryl S-100, with a final recovery of 47% of tryptic activity. The molecular mass of the isolated enzyme was 40 kDa, demonstrating optimal activities at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. Enzymatic characterization demonstrated that the protease can hydrolyze the specific trypsin substrate, BApNA. This trypsin-like protease had a Km, Vmax, Kcat, and catalytic efficiency constant of 0.01775 mg/mL, 0.1082 mM/min, 3.86 s-1, and 217.46, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cledson Barros de Souza
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Antônio Thomás Da Silva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Josiel Santos do Nascimento
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Soares Gomes
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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3
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Alves AN, Nascimento PA, Fontan RDCI, Sousa Júnior EC, Bonomo P, Veloso CM, Bonomo RCF. Extraction of protease from ora‐pro‐nobis (
Pereskia aculeata
Miller) and partial purification in polyethylene glycol + sodium phosphate aqueous two‐phase system. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Nolasco Alves
- Process Engineering Laboratory State University of Southwest Bahia Itapetinga Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory State University of Southwest Bahia Itapetinga Brazil
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4
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Enzymatic extraction and functional properties of phosphatidylcholine from chicken liver. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101689. [PMID: 35512498 PMCID: PMC9079243 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Polak-Berecka M, Michalak-Tomczyk M, Skrzypczak K, Michalak K, Rachwał K, Waśko A. Potential Biological Activities of Peptides Generated during Casein Proteolysis by Curly Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.) Leaf Extract: An In Silico Preliminary Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112877. [PMID: 34829159 PMCID: PMC8625700 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a brief report on the proteolytic activity of curly kale leaf extract against casein. Casein degradation products and an in silico analysis of the biological activity of the peptides obtained was performed. The efficiency of casein hydrolysis by curly kale extract was determined using SDS-PAGE and by peptide concentration determination. The pattern of the enzymatic activity was determined by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The results showed that α- and β-casein were more resistant to curly kale extract hydrolysis, whereas κ-casein was absent in the protein profile after 8 h of proteolysis, and all casein fractions were completely hydrolyzed after 24 h of incubation. Based on sequence analysis, seven peptides were identified, with molecular mass in the range of 1151-3024 Da. All the peptides were products of β-casein hydrolysis. The identified amino acid sequences were analyzed in BIOPEP, MBPDB, and FeptideDB databases in order to detect the potential activities of the peptides. In silico analysis suggests that the β-casein-derived peptides possess sequences of peptides with ACE inhibitory, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and antiamnesic bioactivity. Our study was first to evaluate the possibility of applying curly kale leaf extract to generate biopeptides through β-casein hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Polak-Berecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-T.); (K.R.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-T.); (K.R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skrzypczak
- Department of Plant Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Rachwał
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-T.); (K.R.); (A.W.)
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-T.); (K.R.); (A.W.)
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6
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Zhang M, Xin X, Wu H, Zhang H. Debittering effect of partially purified proteases from soybean seedlings on soybean protein isolate hydrolysate produced by alcalase. Food Chem 2021; 362:130190. [PMID: 34082288 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the potential application of proteases from soybean seedlings in the debittering of soybean protein hydrolysates, soybean seeds were germinated from 1 to 10 days. It was found that the sixth day seedlings exhibited highest proteases activity (130 U/g). After partial purification, the activity of proteases (PSP) from the sixth day seedlings further increased to 2675 U/g. In addition, PSP exhibited maximum activity at 50 ℃ and pH 5.5, and mainly comprised of two proteins with the molecular weight of 64.57 and 25.12 kDa respectively. PSP could decrease the bitterness score of the soybean protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH) produced by Alcalase 2.4L from 3.45 to 0 in 3 h. Meanwhile, the degree of hydrolysis of SPIH slightly increased from 11.87% to 15.61% without reducing the antioxidant activity. This study may provide a solution to the contradiction between removing the bitterness of soybean protein hydrolysates and maintaining the bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangdong Arbovirus Disease Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510507, China.
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7
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Wu X, Zhu P, Li D, Zheng T, Cai W, Li J, Zhang B, Zhu B, Zhang J, Du G. Bioaugmentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-Bacillus kochii co-cultivation to improve sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5723-5733. [PMID: 34480626 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco (FCT) with irritating and undesirable flavor must be aged. However, the spontaneous aging usually takes a very long time for the low efficiency. Bioaugmentation with functional strains is a promising method to reduce aging time and improve sensory quality. To eliminate the adverse effect of excessive starch or protein content on the FCT quality, we used the flow cytometry to sort Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LB with high alpha-amylase and Bacillus kochii SC with high neutral protease from the FCT microflora. The mono, co-culture of strains was performed the solid-state fermentation with FCT. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens monoculture for 2 days and Bacillus kochii monoculture for 2.5 days achieved the optimum quality. B. amyloliquefaciens-B. kochii co-culture at a ratio of 3:1 for 2 days of fermentation showed a more comprehensive quality enhancement and higher functional enzyme activity than mono-cultivation. Through OPLS-DA model (orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analyzes), there were 38 differential compounds between bioaugmentation samples. In co-cultivation, most of Maillard reaction products and terpenoid metabolites were at a higher level than other samples, which promoted an increase in aroma, softness and a decrease in irritation. This result validated the hypothesis of quality improvement via the co-culture. In our study, we presented a promising bioaugmentation technique for changing the sensory attributes of FCT in a short aging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Technical Research Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., 56 Chenglong Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Technical Research Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., 56 Chenglong Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Tianfei Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Technical Research Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., 56 Chenglong Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Technical Research Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., 56 Chenglong Road, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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8
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Nishimura K, Higashiya K, Ueshima N, Kojima K, Takita T, Abe T, Takahashi T, Yasukawa K. Insight into the collagen-degrading activity of a serine protease in the latex of Ficus carica cultivar Masui Dauphine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1147-1156. [PMID: 33580958 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ficus carica produces, in addition to the cysteine protease ficin, a serine protease. Earlier study on a serine protease from F. carica cultivar Brown Turkey showed that it specifically degraded collagen. In this study, we characterized the collagenolytic activity of a serine protease in the latex of F. carica cultivar Masui Dauphine. The serine protease degraded denatured, but not undenatured, acid-solubilized type I collagen. It also degraded bovine serum albumin, while the collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum did not. These results indicated that the serine protease in Masui Dauphine is not collagen-specific. The protease was purified to homogeneity by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and its partial amino acid sequence was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BLAST searches against the Viridiplantae (green plants) genome database revealed that the serine protease was a subtilisin-like protease. Our results contrast with the results of the earlier study stating that the serine protease from F. carica is collagen-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Nishimura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Toyo Institute of Food Technology, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Higashiya
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Ueshima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kojima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abe
- Toyo Institute of Food Technology, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Toyo Institute of Food Technology, Kawanishi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Wang X, He L, Zhao Q, Chen H, Shi Y, Fan J, Chen Y, Huang A. Protein function analysis of germinated Moringa oleifera seeds, and purification and characterization of their milk-clotting peptidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:539-549. [PMID: 33434550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the biological functions of germinated M. oleifera seed proteins and to identify the identity of milk-clotting proteases. A total of 963 proteins were identified, and those with molecular weights between 10 and 30 kDa were most abundant. The identified proteins were mainly involved in energy-associated catalytic activity and metabolic processes, and carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. The numbers of proteins associated with the hydrolytic and catalytic activities were higher than the matured dry M. oleifera seeds reported previously. Of the identified proteins, proteases were mainly involved in the milk-clotting activity. Especially, a cysteine peptidase with a molecular mass of 17.727 kDa exhibiting hydrolase and peptidase activities was purified and identified. The identified cysteine peptidase was hydrophilic, and its secondary structure consisted of 27.60% alpha helix, 9.20% beta fold, and 63.20% irregular curl; its tertiary structure was also constructed using M. oleifera seed 2S protein as the protein template. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified protease were pH 4.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The protease had high acidic stability and good thermostability, thus could potentially be applied in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangping Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Aixiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Diep TT, Rush EC, Yoo MJY. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.): A Review of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties and Potential Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1804931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tung Thanh Diep
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Elaine C. Rush
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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11
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Zheng L, Yu X, Wei C, Qiu L, Yu C, Xing Q, Fan Y, Deng Z. Production and characterization of a novel alkaline protease from a newly isolated Neurospora crassa through solid-state fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum): Chemical composition, biological properties, and product innovation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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de Farias VA, da Rocha Lima AD, Santos Costa A, de Freitas CDT, da Silva Araújo IM, Dos Santos Garruti D, de Figueiredo EAT, de Oliveira HD. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit as a new source of milk-clotting cysteine proteases. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108689. [PMID: 31882081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the characterisation of caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities of proteases extracted from ripe fruits of Morinda citrifolia L., as a potential of their use in cheese production. Noni puree extract (NPE) was obtained by homogenising the fresh puree in 150 mM NaCl/50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The resulting protein concentration was of 0.367 ± 0.006 mg/mL, and an electrophoretic profile of the extract revealed protein bands ranging from 14 to 55 kDa. The proteolytic activity of NPE was higher when the extract had been previously incubated at pH 6.0 (8.859 ± 0.216 U/mg), whereas the optimum caseinolytic activity was observed at 50 °C. Noni puree proteases were strongly (98%) inhibited by iodoacetamide and E-64, suggesting the presence of only cysteine proteases in the crude extract. NPE proteases showed a milk-clotting activity (MCA) of 238.80 ± 5.29 U/mL, a specific milk-clotting activity (SMCA) of 9950.17 ± 220.74 U/mg, and an SMCA/PA ratio of 1124.31 ± 24.94, this last being comparable to those of commercial calf rennet. The cheese manufactured using NPE presented brittle and soft texture, high humidity, and showed sanitary conditions compatible with current Brazilian regulations. The product showed a slightly bitter taste, but still good acceptability, rating between 6 and 7 in the hedonic scale for flavour, texture, and overall acceptance. Lastly, there was 60% of positive purchase intent, demonstrating that noni fruit is a promising source of milk-clotting enzymes for the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmara Albuquerque de Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, 60.440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias da Rocha Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, 60.440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andréa Santos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, 60.440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cléverson Diniz T de Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, 60.440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hermógenes David de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, 60.440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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14
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Gan X, Huang JC, Zhou C, He S, Zhou W. Relationship between selenium removal efficiency and production of lipid and hydrogen by Chlorella vulgaris. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:825-832. [PMID: 30458418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, Chlorella vulgaris had proven highly efficient in removing selenium (Se) from water, while the disposal of Se containing in algal biomass was still an issue of concern. Firstly, this research suggests algal Se could be released back to water, posing risks to aquatic wildlife. Thus, we further explored the possibility of using C. vulgaris to remove Se and produce lipid and hydrogen simultaneously. Our results show the higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic acid, was found in the sulfur (S) deprived algae exposed to either selenate or selenite, although the highest lipid content (21.9%) was found in the selenite treated algae in full BG11 medium. In addition, compared with the Se free algae, hydrogen production rate was 2.1- and 4.3-fold higher for the selenate and selenite treated algae, respectively. Se removal efficiency achieved by the selenite treated algae through accumulation and volatilization was 2.3-fold higher than the selenate treatment under hypoxic condition with S deprived, which is in contrast to the results obtained under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jung-Chen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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15
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Protease activity of enzyme extracts from tamarillo fruit and their specific hydrolysis of bovine caseins. Food Res Int 2018; 109:380-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Three phase partitioning to concentrate milk clotting proteases from Wrightia tinctoria R. Br and its characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:279-288. [PMID: 29894788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wrightia tinctoria stem proteases were partially purified for the first time through a non-chromatographic technique, three phase partitioning (TPP), to concentrate the milk clotting proteases. Various parameters like salt and solvent concentration that affect the partitioning of the protease were examined. Maximum recovery and purification fold of the protease activity were found in the interfacial phase (IP) with 60% ammonium sulphate and 1:1 crude enzyme to t-butanol. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme fraction were found to be 7.5 and 50 °C respectively. Inhibition studies revealed its serine nature. Non-denaturing PAGE, Zymography and 2D PAGE of IP revealed presence of three different caseinolytic proteases of molecular weights 95.62 kDa, 91.11 kDa and 83.23 kDa with pI 3.89, 5.45 and 5.43 respectively. Both aqueous and lyophilized form of IP were remarkably stable retaining complete activity at 4 °C for 3 weeks. Electrophoretic analysis of casein hydrolysate by IP at different incubation time indicated a time dependent substrate subunit specificity with hydrolysis of κ-casein commencing after 10 min followed by α and β caseins. This pattern was found similar to that by commercial vegetable coagulant, Enzeco®. Study details the effectiveness of TPP concentrated W. tinctoria proteases as a vegetable coagulant alternative in cheese making.
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