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de Menezes CLA, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Gomes E, da Silva RR. Fungal endo and exochitinase production, characterization, and application for Candida biofilm removal. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2267-2277. [PMID: 38951478 PMCID: PMC11405547 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are promising enzymes for a multitude of applications, including chitooligosaccharide (COS) synthesis for food and pharmaceutical uses and marine waste management. Owing to fungal diversity, fungal chitinases may offer alternatives for chitin degradation and industrial applications. The rapid reproduction cycle, inexpensive growth media, and ease of handling of fungi may also contribute to reducing enzyme production costs. Thus, this study aimed to identify fungal species with chitinolytic potential and optimize chitinase production by submerged culture and enzyme characterization using shrimp chitin. Three fungal species, Coriolopsis byrsina, Trichoderma reesei, and Trichoderma harzianum, were selected for chitinase production. The highest endochitinase production was achieved in C. byrsina after 168 h cultivation (0.3 U mL- 1). The optimal temperature for enzyme activity was similar for the three fungal species (up to 45 and 55 ºC for endochitinases and exochitinases, respectively). The effect of pH on activity indicated maximum hydrolysis in acidic pH (4-7). In addition, the crude T. reesei extract showed promising properties for removing Candida albicans biofilms. This study showed the possibility of using shrimp chitin to induce chitinase production and enzymes that can be applied in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Lionela Ambrósio de Menezes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Boscolo
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"- São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Muradova M, Proskura A, Canon F, Aleksandrova I, Schwartz M, Heydel JM, Baranenko D, Nadtochii L, Neiers F. Unlocking Flavor Potential Using Microbial β-Glucosidases in Food Processing. Foods 2023; 12:4484. [PMID: 38137288 PMCID: PMC10742834 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is among of the most important criteria that indicate the quality of food and beverage products. Aroma compounds can be found as free molecules or glycosides. Notably, a significant portion of aroma precursors accumulates in numerous food products as nonvolatile and flavorless glycoconjugates, termed glycosidic aroma precursors. When subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, these seemingly inert, nonvolatile glycosides undergo transformation into fragrant volatiles or volatiles that can generate odor-active compounds during food processing. In this context, microbial β-glucosidases play a pivotal role in enhancing or compromising the development of flavors during food and beverage processing. β-glucosidases derived from bacteria and yeast can be utilized to modulate the concentration of particular aroma and taste compounds, such as bitterness, which can be decreased through hydrolysis by glycosidases. Furthermore, oral microbiota can influence flavor perception by releasing volatile compounds that can enhance or alter the perception of food products. In this review, considering the glycosidic flavor precursors present in diverse food and beverage products, we underscore the significance of glycosidases with various origins. Subsequently, we delve into emerging insights regarding the release of aroma within the human oral cavity due to the activity of oral microbial glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Muradova
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
- International Research Center “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Alena Proskura
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
- International Research Center “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Francis Canon
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Irina Aleksandrova
- International Research Center “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Mathieu Schwartz
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Center “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Liudmila Nadtochii
- International Research Center “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Molecular Mechanisms of Flavor Perception, Center for Taste and Feeding Behavior, INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.S.); (J.-M.H.)
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3
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Torres-Ossandón MJ, Castillo L, Uribe E, Bilbao-Sainz C, Ah-Hen KS, Vega-Gálvez A. Combined Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Proteolytic Fraction P1G10 from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis Latex against Botrytis cinerea in Grape Juice. Foods 2023; 12:3400. [PMID: 37761109 PMCID: PMC10530099 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and the proteolytic fraction P1G10 from papaya latex was studied to find out whether a synergy exists in the growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea in grape juice, contributing to the improvement of conservation techniques and extending the shelf life and quality of food products. Grape juice (GJ) diluted to 16 °Brix with a water activity (aw) of 0.980 was prepared from a concentrated GJ and used in this study. Results indicated a 92% growth inhibition of B. cinerea when exposed to 1 mg/mL of P1G10 and 250 MPa/4 min of pressure treatment. The proximate composition and antioxidant compounds present in the GJ were not significantly affected after the treatments. Eight phenolic compounds and two flavonoids in GJ were identified and quantified, with values fluctuating between 12.77 ± 0.51 and 240.40 ± 20.9 mg/L in the control sample (0.1 MPa). The phenolic compounds showed a significant decrease after the applied treatments, with the HHP sample having a content of 65.4 ± 6.9 mg GAE/100 mL GJ. In conclusion, a synergistic effect at moderate HHP of 250 MPa/4 min with the addition of P1G10 was observed, and the successful development of a stable and acceptable GJ product was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Torres-Ossandón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Luis Castillo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Elsa Uribe
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sainz
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Kong Shun Ah-Hen
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín sn, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile
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Elicitation of Fruit Fungi Infection and Its Protective Response to Improve the Postharvest Quality of Fruits. STRESSES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruit diseases brought on by fungus infestation leads to postharvest losses of fresh fruit. Approximately 30% of harvested fruits do not reach consumers’ plates due to postharvest losses. Fungal pathogens play a substantial part in those losses, as they cause the majority of fruit rots and consumer complaints. Understanding fungal pathogenic processes and control measures is crucial for developing disease prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we covered the presented pathogen entry, environmental conditions for pathogenesis, fruit’s response to pathogen attack, molecular mechanisms by which fungi infect fruits in the postharvest phase, production of mycotoxin, virulence factors, fungal genes involved in pathogenesis, and recent strategies for protecting fruit from fungal attack. Then, in order to investigate new avenues for ensuring fruit production, existing fungal management strategies were then assessed based on their mechanisms for altering the infection process. The goal of this review is to bridge the knowledge gap between the mechanisms of fungal disease progression and numerous disease control strategies being developed for fruit farming.
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5
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Fungal Assisted Valorisation of Polymeric Lignin: Mechanism, Enzymes and Perspectives. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is considered one of the significant recalcitrant materials and also is difficult to break down because of its complex structure. Different microbes such as bacteria and fungi are responsible for breaking down these complex lignin structures. This article discussed briefly the lignin-degrading bacteria and their critical steps involved in lignin depolymerization. In addition, fungi are regarded as the ideal microorganism for the degradation of lignin because of their highly effective hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme systems for the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials. The white rot fungi, mainly belonging to basidiomycetes, is the main degrader of lignin among various microorganisms. This could be achieved because of the presence of lignolytic enzymes such as laccases, lignin peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases. The significance of the fungi and lignolytic enzyme’s role in lignin depolymerization, along with its mechanism and chemical pathways, are emphasized in this article.
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6
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Dong X, He Y, Yuan C, Cheng X, Li G, Shan Y, Zhu X. Controlled Atmosphere Improves the Quality, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Yellow Peach during the Shelf Life. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2278. [PMID: 36421464 PMCID: PMC9687445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled atmosphere (CA) has been demonstrated to maintain the shelf-life quality of fruits, but its effect on the antioxidant activities and phenolic content of yellow peach is not comprehensive. This study analyzed the role of CA on the quality of shelf period, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of "Jinxiu" yellow peach. Yellow peach was left under specific aeration conditions (3.5-4% CO2, 2-3% O2, 92-95.5% N2, 1 ± 0.5 °C) and the control (1 ± 0.5 °C) for 21 d, to observe changes in physiological parameters of the fruit during 10 d of the shelf life (25 ± 1 °C). The result showed that CA reduced the weight loss rate (WLR), decay rate (DR), and browning index (BI) of yellow peaches. Furthermore, the CA held a high level of total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenol content (TPC) and phenolic content in the fruit. Antioxidant analysis showed that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity was lower and free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) and antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and PAL) were higher in the CA group. Combining the results of significance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) clearly identified the differences between the CA group and the control group. The results showed that the CA could maintain higher phenolic content and reduce the oxidation of yellow peach fruit and enhance fruit quality by affecting the antioxidant activities of yellow peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yi He
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chushan Yuan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiaomei Cheng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha 410125, China
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Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Bolivar JM, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Sabir JSM, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:682-702. [PMID: 35508226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is a protease used in many different applications, and in many instances, it is utilized in an immobilized form to prevent contamination of the reaction product. This enzyme has two peculiarities that make its immobilization complex. The first one is related to the poor presence of primary amino groups on its surface (just one Lys and the terminal amino group). The second one is its poor stability at alkaline pH values. Both features make the immobilization of this enzyme to be considered a complicated goal, as most of the immobilization protocols utilize primary amino groups for immobilization. This review presents some of the attempts to get immobilized pepsin biocatalyst and their applications. The high density of anionic groups (Asp and Glu) make the anion exchange of the enzyme simpler, but this makes many of the strategies utilized to immobilize the enzyme (e.g., amino-glutaraldehyde supports) more related to a mixed ion exchange/hydrophobic adsorption than to real covalent immobilization. Finally, we propose some possibilities that can permit not only the covalent immobilization of this enzyme, but also their stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Arnold J, Chapman J, Arnold M, Dinu CZ. Hyaluronic Acid Allows Enzyme Immobilization for Applications in Biomedicine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010028. [PMID: 35049657 PMCID: PMC8773612 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are proteins that control the efficiency and effectiveness of biological reactions and systems, as well as of engineered biomimetic processes. This review highlights current applications of a diverse range of enzymes for biofuel production, plastics, and chemical waste management, as well as for detergent, textile, and food production and preservation industries respectively. Challenges regarding the transposition of enzymes from their natural purpose and environment into synthetic practice are discussed. For example, temperature and pH-induced enzyme fragilities, short shelf life, low-cost efficiency, poor user-controllability, and subsequently insufficient catalytic activity were shown to decrease pertinence and profitability in large-scale production considerations. Enzyme immobilization was shown to improve and expand upon enzyme usage within a profit and impact-oriented commercial world and through enzyme-material and interfaces integration. With particular focus on the growing biomedical market, examples of enzyme immobilization within or onto hyaluronic acid (HA)-based complexes are discussed as a definable way to improve upon and/or make possible the next generation of medical undertakings. As a polysaccharide formed in every living organism, HA has proven beneficial in biomedicine for its high biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability, viscoelasticity, and hydrophilicity. Complexes developed with this molecule have been utilized to selectively deliver drugs to a desired location and at a desired rate, improve the efficiency of tissue regeneration, and serve as a viable platform for biologically accepted sensors. In similar realms of enzyme immobilization, HA’s ease in crosslinking allows the molecule to user-controllably enhance the design of a given platform in terms of both chemical and physical characteristics to thus best support successful and sustained enzyme usage. Such examples do not only demonstrate the potential of enzyme-based applications but further, emphasize future market trends and accountability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Arnold
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Jordan Chapman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Myra Arnold
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- Department of Business Incubator, John Chambers College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (J.A.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind's Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 35049963 PMCID: PMC8778853 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have played a crucial role in mankind's challenges to use different types of biological systems for a diversity of applications. They are proteins that break down and convert complicated compounds to produce simple products. Fungal enzymes are compatible, efficient, and proper products for many uses in medicinal requests, industrial processing, bioremediation purposes, and agricultural applications. Fungal enzymes have appropriate stability to give manufactured products suitable shelf life, affordable cost, and approved demands. Fungal enzymes have been used from ancient times to today in many industries, including baking, brewing, cheese making, antibiotics production, and commodities manufacturing, such as linen and leather. Furthermore, they also are used in other fields such as paper production, detergent, the textile industry, and in drinks and food technology in products manufacturing ranging from tea and coffee to fruit juice and wine. Recently, fungi have been used for the production of more than 50% of the needed enzymes. Fungi can produce different types of enzymes extracellularly, which gives a great chance for producing in large amounts with low cost and easy viability in purified forms using simple purification methods. In the present review, a comprehensive trial has been advanced to elaborate on the different types and structures of fungal enzymes as well as the current status of the uses of fungal enzymes in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed K. Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Esmail M. El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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10
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Deng Y, Ouyang J, Wang H, Yang C, Zhu Y, Wang J, Li D, Ma K. Magnetic nanoparticles prepared in natural deep eutectic solvent for enzyme immobilisation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1954168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haofan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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Biocontrol Activity of Aureubasidium pullulans and Candida orthopsilosis Isolated from Tectona grandis L. Phylloplane against Aspergillus sp. in Post-Harvested Citrus Fruit. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify moulds from rotten Citrus sinensis post-harvests and to investigate the activity of antagonist and biocontrol activity moulds that cause citrus fruit rotting. A total of 12 mould isolates were obtained. Following the pathogenicity test, two representative mould isolates were selected and identified based on the sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA. Methods used in this study include isolation of fungal postharvest diseases, pathogenicity assay, antagonism assay, growth curve analysis, in vitro biocontrol assay, and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Two isolates of fungal postharvest diseases were determined as the most destructive pathogens. The biocontrol assay showed that isolates of Y1 and Y10 were capable to reduce the growth of fungal isolates K6 and K9 and mitigate up to 100% of the damage of sweet citrus fruits after 7 days of incubation. The moulds were identified as K6 (Aspergillus flavus sensu lato) and K9 (Aspergillus niger sensu lato). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Y10 yeast isolate was identified as Candida orthopsilosis, whereas the Y1 isolate had a close genetic relationship with Aureobasidium pullulans and possibly belongs to a new species. Further analysis is necessary to confirm this finding.
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Ngolong Ngea GL, Qian X, Yang Q, Dhanasekaran S, Ianiri G, Ballester A, Zhang X, Castoria R, Zhang H. Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2508-2533. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon
| | - Xin Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | | | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Ana‐Rosa Ballester
- Department of Food Biotechnology Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA‐CSIC) Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Sharma S, Kumar S, Khajuria A, Ohri P, Kaur R, Kaur R. Biocontrol potential of chitinases produced by newly isolated Chitinophaga sp. S167. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:90. [PMID: 32524202 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A chitinolytic bacterium Chitinophaga sp. S167 producing extracellular chitinases was isolated from a soil sample in India. The extracellular chitinases produced by S167 were concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation (AS70) and seven bands corresponding to chitinases were observed by zymography. Optimum temperature and pH of AS70 were between 40 and 45 °C and pH 6.0 respectively with high stability at 20-40 °C and pH 5-7. AS70 inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium sp. in vitro. The culture conditions for the high level production of extracellular chitinases were optimized resulting in 48-folds higher chitinase production. As the combination of chitinases could be more potent in biocontrol of plant diseases, it was checked if AS70 could control postharvest fungal infection caused by Fusarium oxysporum on tomatoes. AS70 treated tomatoes showed significant lower incidence of infection (11%) by F. oxysporum as compared with 100% in the control at 5 days post inoculation. Further, AS70 caused significant mortality in second stage juveniles of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, a major agriculture pest responsible for economic losses in agriculture. This study highlights the antifungal and nematicidal activity of chitinases produced by Chitinophaga sp. S167. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the biocontrol potential of the chitinases produced by Chitinophaga sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Khajuria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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