1
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Kuroiwa T, Katayama M, Uemoto K, Kanazawa A. Substrate specificity of commercial lipases activated by a hydration-aggregation pretreatment in anhydrous esterification reactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110497. [PMID: 39154569 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Substrate specificity in non-aqueous esterification catalyzed by commercial lipases activated by hydration-aggregation pretreatment was investigated. Four microbial lipases from Rhizopus japonicus, Burkholderia cepacia, Rhizomucor miehei, and Candida antarctica (fraction B) were used to study the effect of the carbon chain length of saturated fatty acid substrates on the esterification activity with methanol in n-hexane. Hydration-aggregation pretreatment had an activation effect on all lipases used, and different chain length dependencies of esterification activity for lipases from different origins were demonstrated. The effects of various acidic substrates with different degrees of unsaturation, aromatic rings, and alcohol substrates with different carbon chain lengths on esterification activity were examined using R. japonicus lipase, which demonstrated the most remarkable activity enhancement after hydration-aggregation pretreatment. Furthermore, in the esterification of myristic acid with methanol catalyzed by the hydrated-aggregated R. japonicus lipase, maximum reaction rate (5.43 × 10-5 mmol/(mg-biocat min)) and Michaelis constants for each substrate (48.5 mM for myristic acid, 24.7 mM for methanol) were determined by kinetic analysis based on the two-substrate Michaelis-Menten model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Maho Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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2
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Cherni O, Carballares D, Siar EH, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Rocha-Martin J, Bahri S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning almond lipase features by the buffer used during immobilization: The apparent biocatalysts stability depends on the immobilization and inactivation buffers and the substrate utilized. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:72-80. [PMID: 38876311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The lipase from Prunus dulcis almonds was inactivated under different conditions. At pH 5 and 9, enzyme stability remained similar under the different studied buffers. However, when the inactivation was performed at pH 7, there were some clear differences on enzyme stability depending on the buffer used. The enzyme was more stable in Gly than when Tris was employed for inactivation. Then, the enzyme was immobilized on methacrylate beads coated with octadecyl groups at pH 7 in the presence of Gly, Tris, phosphate and HEPES. Its activity was assayed versus triacetin and S-methyl mandelate. The biocatalyst prepared in phosphate was more active versus S-methyl mandelate, while the other ones were more active versus triacetin. The immobilized enzyme stability at pH 7 depends on the buffer used for enzyme immobilization. The buffer used in the inactivation and the substrate used determined the activity. For example, glycine was the buffer that promoted the lowest or the highest stabilities depending on the substrate used to quantify the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Cherni
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - El Hocine Siar
- Agri-food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sellema Bahri
- LMPB (LR16ES05), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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3
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Ang X, Chen H, Xiang J, Wei F, Quek SY. Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation and Optimization of Structured Phosphatidylcholine Containing Nervonic Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:1539. [PMID: 38611818 PMCID: PMC11013151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the incorporation of nervonic acid into the chemical structure of phosphatidylcholine via a lipase-catalyzed acidolysis reaction to obtain a functional phospholipid. Lipase immobilization was conducted, and Amberlite XAD7-HP was selected as a carrier to immobilize phospholipase A1 (PLA1) for subsequent experiments. The main acidolysis reaction parameters, including enzyme load, substrate ratio, temperature, and water content, were studied against the reaction time. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were enzyme load, 20%; reaction temperature, 55 °C; water content, 1%; and reaction time, 9 h. The maximum incorporation of nervonic acid into phosphatidylcholine was 48 mol%, with PC recovery at 61.6 mol%. The positional distribution of structured phosphatidylcholine shows that nervonic acid was found in the sn-1 position due to enzyme specificity and in the sn-2 position, possibly due to acyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ang
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre for Research Excellence, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Key Lab for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture—Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China; (H.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Jiqian Xiang
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445002, China;
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Key Lab for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture—Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China; (H.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre for Research Excellence, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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4
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Guo Y, Wang N, Wang D, Luo S, Zhang H, Yu D, Wang L, Elfalleh W, Liao C. Preparation of vacuum-assisted conjugated linoleic acid phospholipids under nitrogen: Mechanism of acyl migration of lysophospholipids. Food Chem 2024; 436:137680. [PMID: 37832416 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Sn-Glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) was prepared by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) catalyzed by phospholipase A1 (PLA1). Nitrogen flow assisted the esterification of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and GPC to produce conjugated linoleic acid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC - CLA). The effects of different reaction conditions on the PC conversion and acyl migration rates were investigated, and the acyl migration mechanism under acidic and alkaline conditions was studied. In addition, the optimum conditions for the esterification of CLA and GPC were selected. The optimal condition for the hydrolysis of PC was an enzyme loading of 5 %, pH of 5, reaction temperature of 50 ℃, and reaction time of 3 h. The results also showed that the maximum esterification rate reached 82.37 % at an enzyme loading of 15 %, CLA/GPC molar ratio of 50:1, and vacuum pressure of 13.3 kPa. This study not only improved the bioavailability of PC but also effectively increased the content of LPC - CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shunian Luo
- School of Food Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dianyu Yu
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Liqi Wang
- School of Food Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Changbao Liao
- Heilongjiang Red Star Group Food Co., LTD, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
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5
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Kanprakobkit W, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Isolation of Fatty Acids from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Capsaicinoids and Their Use in Enzymatic Acidolysis of Coconut Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:1097-1111. [PMID: 37989304 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin obtained from chili peppers, and the utilization of the isolated fatty acids for the modification of coconut oil using enzyme catalyzed acidolysis. This work was carried out as the fatty acids that can be isolated from capsaicinoid hydrolysis have been shown to possess interesting biological properties. These biological properties could be better exploited by incorporating the fatty acids into a suitable delivery vehicle. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixture of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was carried out using Novozym® 435 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 50℃. The enzyme catalyst could be reused in multiple cycles of the hydrolysis reaction. The desired 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid were isolated from the hydrolysis reaction mixture using a simple extraction procedure with a 47.8% yield. This was carried out by first extracting the reaction mixture at pH 10 with ethyl acetate to remove any dissolved capsaicinoids and vanillyl amine side product. The fatty acids were isolated after adjustment of the pH of the reaction mixture to 5 and second extraction with ethyl acetate. The acidolysis of coconut oil with the obtained fatty acids was performed using Lipozyme® TL IM. The performance of the acidolysis reaction was evaluated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and verified in selected cases using gas chromatography. The best performing conditions involved carrying out the acidolysis reaction at 60℃ with a 1.2 w/w ratio of the fatty acids to coconut oil and 10% enzyme loading for 72 h. This resulted in the incorporation of 26.61% and 9.86% of 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid, respectively, into the modified coconut oil product. This product can act as a potential delivery vehicle for these interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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6
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He L, Zeng C, Wei L, Xu L, Song F, Huang J, Zhong N. Fabrication of immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Food Chem 2023; 408:135236. [PMID: 36549162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to fabricate immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) through acidolysis of glycerol tripalmitate (PPP). Twelve (three types) supports and five lipases were studied carefully. Among them, the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) samples exhibited overall better performance than that of other immobilized lipases. Particularly, organic groups functionalized SBA-15 (R-SBA-15) supported TLL (TLL@R-SBA-15) samples gave PPP conversion from 97.70 to 99.00 % and OPO content from 59.52 to 64.73 %. After optimization, PPP conversion up to 99.07 %, OPO content 73.15 % and sn-2 palmitic acid content 90.09 % were obtained with TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 as catalyst. Moreover, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 exhibited better acidolysis performance from 50 °C than that from 60 to 80 °C, which helped inhibit acyl migration. In addition, after 5 cycles of reuse, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 retained 81.04 % (based on OPO content) and 98.88 % (based on sn-2 palmitic acid content) of its initial activity, indicating it had an attractive prospect in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Can Zeng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lingfeng Wei
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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7
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Navarro López E, Jiménez Callejón MJ, Macías Sánchez MD, González Moreno PA, Robles Medina A. Obtaining eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched polar lipids from microalga Nannochloropsis sp. by lipase-catalysed hydrolysis. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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8
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Santos-Luna D, Sixto-López Y, Bravo-Alfaro D, Cano-Sarmiento C, García H, Correa-Basurto J. Design and simulation of a caprylic acid enzymatically modified phosphatidylcholine micelle using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13902-13913. [PMID: 36826442 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2180434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Computationally simulated micelle models provide useful structural information on the molecular and biological sciences. One strategy to study the self-aggregation process of surfactant molecules that make up a micelle is through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this study, a theoretical approach with a coarse-grained MD simulation (CG-MD) was employed to evaluate the critical micellar concentration (CMC), the micellization process, building a tridimensional (3D) model system of a micelle using data from the experimentally enzymatically modified phospholipids (PL) by phospholipase A1 (PA1). This required enzymatic interesterification of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) with caprylic acid, along with purification and characterization by chromatographic techniques to measure the esterified fatty acids and the corresponding PL composition. The number of molecules used in the CG-MD simulation system was determined from the experimental CMC data which was 0.025%. The molecular composition of the system is: 1 C 18:2, 2 C 8:0/8:0, 3 C 8:0/18:3n-9, 4 C 8:0/18:0, 5 C8:0/18:2n-6, 6 C8:0/18:1n-9, and 7 C 8:0/16:0. According to our theoretical results, the micelle model is structurally stable with an average Rg of 3.64 ± 0.10 Å, and might have an elliptical form with a radius of 24.6 Å. Regarding CMC value there was a relationship between the experimental data of the modified PLs and the theoretical analysis by GC-MD, which suggest that the enzymatic modification of PLs does not affect their self-aggregation properties. Finally, the micellar system obtained in the current research can be used as a simple and useful model to design optimal biocompatible nanoemulsions as possible vehicles for bioactive small molecules.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Santos-Luna
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, Spain
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation) SEPI-ESM, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Bravo-Alfaro
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Cynthia Cano-Sarmiento
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnologico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Hugo García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation) SEPI-ESM, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Goat milk as a natural source of bioactive compounds and strategies to enhance the amount of these beneficial components. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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The enzymatic modification of phospholipids improves their surface-active properties and the formation of nanoemulsions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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11
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Kim BH, Hwang J, Akoh CC. Liquid microbial lipase – Recent applications and expanded use through immobilization. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Lopez-Carrobles N, Gonçalves LRB, Lopez-Gallego F, Rodrigues S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Enzyme-support interactions and inactivation conditions determine Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase inactivation pathways: Functional and florescence studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:79-91. [PMID: 34537296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been covalently immobilized on heterofunctional octyl-vinyl agarose. That way, the covalently immobilized enzymes will have identical orientation. Then, it has blocked using hexyl amine (HEX), ethylenediamine (EDA), Gly and Asp. The initial activity/stability of the different biocatalysts was very different, being the most stable the biocatalyst blocked with Gly. These biocatalysts had been utilized to analyze if the enzyme activity could decrease differently along thermal inactivation courses depending on the utilized substrate (that is, if the enzyme specificity was altered during its inactivation using 4 different substrates to determine the activity), and if this can be altered by the nature of the blocking agent and the inactivation conditions (we use pH 5, 7 and 9). Results show great changes in the enzyme specificity during inactivation (e.g., activity versus triacetin was much more quickly lost than versus the other substrates), and how this was modulated by the immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. The difference in the changes induced by immobilization and inactivation were confirmed by fluorescence studies. That is, the functional and structural analysis of partially inactivated immobilized enzyme showed that their inactivation pathway is strongly depended on the support features and inactivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M Paiva Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Zhang J, Dai Y, Jiang B, Zhang T, Chen J. Dual-enzyme co-immobilization for the one-pot production of glucose 6-phosphate from maltodextrin. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Preparation of phosphatidylcholine containing capric acid at the sn-1 position via Novozym® 435-catalyzed acidolysis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Immobilized Biocatalysts of Eversa® Transform 2.0 and Lipase from Thermomyces Lanuginosus: Comparison of Some Properties and Performance in Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eversa® Transform (ET), and the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), liquid commercial lipases formulations, have been immobilized on octyl agarose beads and their stabilities were compared. Immobilized and free ET forms were more thermostable than TLL formulations at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0, and the ET immobilized form was more stable in the presence of 90% methanol or dioxane at 25 °C and pH 7. Specific activity versus p-nitrophenyl butyrate was higher for ET than for TLL. However, after immobilization the differences almost disappeared because TLL was very hyperactivated (2.5-fold) and ET increased the activity only by 1.6 times. The enzymes were also immobilized in octadecyl methacrylate beads. In both cases, the loading was around 20 mg/g. In this instance, activity was similar for immobilized TLL and ET using triacetin, while the activity of immobilized ET was lower using (S)-methyl mandelate. When the immobilized enzymes were used to produce biodiesel from sunflower oil and methanol in tert-butanol medium, their performance was fairly similar.
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17
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Mendez-Sanchez C, Lokha Y, Gonçalves LR, Fernández-Lafuente R. Use of polyethylenimine to produce immobilized lipase multilayers biocatalysts with very high volumetric activity using octyl-agarose beads: Avoiding enzyme release during multilayer production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of DHA/EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis Using Novozym® 435: A Kinetic Study. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA/EPA ethyl ester is mainly used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. In this study, DHA+EPA ethyl ester was synthesized via lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of ethyl acetate (EA) with DHA+EPA concentrate in n-hexane using Novozym® 435. The DHA+EPA concentrate (in free fatty acid form), contained 54.4% DHA and 16.8% EPA, was used as raw material. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the relationship between substrate concentrations and initial rate of DHA+EPA ethyl ester production. The results indicated that the reaction followed the ordered mechanism and as such, the ordered mechanism model was used to estimate the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and kinetic constants. The ordered mechanism model was also combined with the batch reaction equation to simulate and predict the conversion of DHA+EPA ethyl ester in lipase-catalyzed acidolysis. The integral equation showed a good predictive relationship between the simulated and experimental results. 88–94% conversion yields were obtained from 100–400 mM DHA+EPA concentrate at a constant enzyme activity of 200 U, substrate ratio of 1:1 (DHA+EPA: EA), and reaction time of 300 min.
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Coimmobilization of different lipases: Simple layer by layer enzyme spatial ordering. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:856-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Verdasco-Martín CM, Corchado-Lopo C, Fernández-Lafuente R, Otero C. Prolongation of secondary drying step of phospholipid lyophilization greatly improves acidolysis reactions catalyzed by immobilized lecitase ultra. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 132:109388. [PMID: 31731951 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) has important health effects, and their phospholipids forms (PL) are advantageous vehicles of this bioactive agent. Acidolysis of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) with conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra immobilized on Duolite A658 was studied. This reaction is typically limited by hydrolysis, producing 60-90 % of lyso- and glycero-PC and yielding low the process efficiency. Drying the amphiphilic PC material was found the key factor for maximal diacylglycerol phosphatidylcholines (PC) production and different drying approaches were studied to maximize the formation of PC rich in CLA in a solvent free process. PC lyophilization for 24 h getting dry solid appearance (PC; 783 ± 11 mg water/Kg PC) or other standard protocols to reduce water content/activity of reaction medium, did not improve the reaction performance. However, adding 4 extra days to the second step of lyophilization at high vacuum (1 Pa) and moderate temperature (20 °C), followed by further PC dehydration with molecular sieves, drastically reduced the hydrolysis process by achieving a extensive PC dehydration (279 ± 4 mg water/Kg PC), obtaining for the first time >99% molar yield of diacyl-PC product. After 24 h of reaction, a diacyl-PC product with 72.3% CLA content was obtained. PC molecules containing two CLA were the major species formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Verdasco-Martín
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2 L10, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos Corchado-Lopo
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2 L10, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2 L10, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petroleochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2 L10, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Lipase Catalyzed Acidolysis for Efficient Synthesis of Phospholipids Enriched with Isomerically Pure cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of phospholipid (PL) conjugates with biologically active compounds is nowadays an extensively employed approach. This type of phospholipids conjugates could improve bioavailability of many poorly absorbed active compounds such as isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which exhibit versatile biological effects. The studies were carried out to elaborate an efficient enzymatic method for the synthesis of phospholipids with pure (>90%) cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers. For this purpose, three commercially available immobilized lipases were examined in respect to specificity towards CLA isomers in acidolysis of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC). Different incorporation rates were observed for the individual CLA isomers. Under optimal conditions: PC/CLA molar ratio 1:6; Rhizomucor miehei lipase loading 24% wt. based on substrates; heptane; DMF, 5% (v/v); water activity (aw), 0.11; 45 °C; magnetic stirring, 300 rpm; 48 h., effective incorporation (EINC) of CLA isomers into PC reached ca. 50%. The EINC of CLA isomers was elevated for 25–30% only by adding a water mimic (DMF) and reducing aw to 0.11 comparing to the reaction system performed at aw = 0.23. The developed method of phosphatidylcholine acidolysis is the first described in the literature dealing with isometrically pure CLA and allow to obtain very high effective incorporation.
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Yue C, Ben H, Wang J, Li T, Yu G. Ultrasonic Pretreatment in Synthesis of Caprylic-Rich Structured Lipids by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis of Corn Oil in Organic System and Its Physicochemical Properties. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110566. [PMID: 31718043 PMCID: PMC6915483 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work was to evaluate the lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of corn oil with caprylic acid (CA) in organic system under bath ultrasonic pretreatment and to analyze the physicochemical properties of structured lipids (SLs). Under optimum conditions (Novozym 40086 lipase, 200 W ultrasound power, 10 min ultrasound pretreatment time, 12% dosage of lipase, Triacylglycerol (TAG)/Free fatty acids (FFA): 1/8, 40 °C for 6 h), a 45.55% CA incorporation was obtained (named SLs-U). The highest CA incorporation was 32.75% for conventional method at reaction time of 10 h (named SLs-N). The predominant TAG types of SLs were MLM (medium-, long- and medium-chain-type TAGs) and MLL (medium-, long- and long-chain-type TAGs). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both SLs-U and SLs-N present β form. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that both SLs-U and SLs-N show a lower melting and crystallization temperature than corn oil. This study suggested that bath ultrasonic pretreatment can accelerate lipase-catalyzed acidolysis synthesis of MLM structured lipids in an organic system, and two kinds of structured lipids show similar physicochemical properties.
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