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Zhang X, Chen L, Ye L, Zhang B, Zhang X, Li X. Label-free based comparative proteomics approach revealed the changes in proteomic profiles driven by different maturities in two Chinese white truffles, Tuber panzhihuanense and Tuber latisporum. Food Chem 2024; 443:138535. [PMID: 38295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
T. panzhihuanense and T. latisporum are white truffle species native to China, of which T. panzhihuanense has significant commercial potential, with high nutritional value and unique flavor. Maturity is an important factor affecting the nutrition and aroma of truffles, which determines their economic status. Here, a label-free-based comparative proteomics method was used to determine the proteomic profiles of T. panzhihuanense and T. latisporum at two different stages of maturity. The results showed that both maturity and species significantly affected the protein expression patterns. T. panzhihuanense responded stronger to maturity than T. latisporum, accompanied by a more complex interaction network between proteins. Some critical proteins were regulated by maturity and variety, including those involved in aroma formation, e.g., S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase. The enrichment of oxidation-reduction processes, glycolysis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport were driven by species and maturity. This study provides the first insights into the proteomic profiles of T. panzhihuanense and T. latisporum, revealing the roles of key proteins and biological processes in their maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Lei Ye
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
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2
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Zhang R, Yang Q, Yao X, Fang Z, Wu X, Lin Q, Qing Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of cold storage time on the expression of genes related to oxidative metabolism in Chinese black truffle. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1375386. [PMID: 38895661 PMCID: PMC11183293 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1375386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese black truffle (Tuber indicum) is a hypogenous fungus of great value due to its distinctive aroma. In this study, both transcriptome and physicochemical analyses were performed to investigate the changes of nutrients and gene expression in truffle fruiting bodies during cold storage. The results of physicochemical analysis revealed the active metabolism of fruiting bodies in cold storage, showing the decreased contents of protein and soluble sugar, the variations in both polyphenol oxidase activity and total phenol content, and the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species production caused by heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in truffles. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 139,489 unigenes. Down-regulated expression of genes encoding the catalase-like domain-containing protein (katE), glutaredoxin protein (GRX), a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod_Cu), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) affected the degradation metabolism of intracellular oxides. Ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) was a key enzyme in response to oxidative stress in truffle cells through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). A total of 51,612 simple sequence repeats were identified, providing valuable resources for further genetic diversity analysis, molecular breeding, and genetic map-ping in T. indicum. Transcription factors GAL4 and SUF4-like protein were involved in glucose metabolism and histone methylation processes, respectively. Our study provided a fundamental characterization of the physicochemical and molecular variations in T. indicum during the cold storage at 4°C, providing strong experimental evidence to support the improvement of storage quality of T. indicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Panxi Featured Crops Research and Utilization, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Zhirong Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Yuan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Panxi Featured Crops Research and Utilization, Xichang University, Xichang, China
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Ni L, Jiang C, Guo Q, Chi H, Fan C, Shi J, Lin N, Liu Z, Chen S. Metabolomics analysis of physicochemical properties associated with freshness degradation in frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Food Res Int 2024; 183:114190. [PMID: 38760127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of different frozen temperatures during storage on the quality of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and assess the change at the metabolite level via a combination of physicochemical property analysis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based non-targeted metabolomics profiling. Regarding samples stored at -20 °C, the expressions of 7055 metabolites were elevated, while 2313 were downregulated. Lipids and lipid molecules had the highest proportion of differential metabolites. A total of 432 discriminatory metabolites with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) IDs was obtained. We also observed that the concentrations of differential bitter free amino acids (FAAs) and oxidation products of arachidonic and linoleic acid increased. Moreover, as the storage temperature increased, the freshness, umami, and sweetness components were considerably reduced. Furthermore, results indicated that the color, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) were potential indicators of quality deterioration, while inosinic acid was a probable biomarker for umami degradation of frozen Antarctic krill. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that storage at lower temperatures can be beneficial for maintaining the freshness of Antarctic krill from macro and micro perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chaojun Jiang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quanyou Guo
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hai Chi
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chengqi Fan
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jiangao Shi
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Na Lin
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Research and Development Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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Li Y, Xing YM, Murat C, Kohler A, Zhou DY, Yu FQ, Chen J. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals stage-specific metabolite accumulation during maturity of Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108158. [PMID: 37948976 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuber indicum is the most economically important member of Tuber, with the highest production and widest distribution in China. However, the overexploitation of immature ascocarps not only has driven wild resources of the species toward extinction, but also has caused enconomic losses and a decline in the reputation of T.indicum quality. In this study, stage-specific metabolites of T. indicum in relation to nutritional quality and the mechanism of their accumulations were explored by transcriptome and metabolome analysis at five harvest times, representing four maturation stages. A total of 663 compounds were identified in T. indicum ascocarps by a widely targeted metabolomic approach. Lipid compounds are the most prominent metabolites (18%) in our samples and also are higher accumulation at the immature stage than at mature stage, representing 30.16% differential accumulated metabolites in this stage. Levels of some of the amino acids, such as S-(methyl) glutathione, S-adenosylmethionine, which are known truffle aroma precursors, were increased at the mature stage. The gene expression level related to the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds were verified by qPCR. This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of metabolites variations in T. indicum ascocarps during maturity for quality evaluation and truffle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Claude Murat
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France.
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France.
| | - Dong-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming, Kunming Institute Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ma Y, Yao J, Zhou L, Zhao M, Liu J, Marchioni E. Characterization and discrimination of volatile organic compounds and lipid profiles of truffles under different treatments by UHPLC-QE Orbitrap/MS/MS and P&T-GC-MS. Food Chem 2023; 410:135432. [PMID: 36634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The lipid profiles of the truffles with different treatments were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE Orbitrap/MS/MS) and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by purge-and-trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (P&T-GC-MS). A total of 37 lipid molecular species and 28 VOCs were tentatively identified. Lysophophatidylcholine (LPC), triacylglycerol (TG) and sphingomyelin (SM) in heat-drying truffles, phosphatidic acid (PA) in freeze-drying and fresh truffles might be the key lipids that bound VOCs. Furthermore, the correlation between lipids and VOCs were analyzed by 19 differential lipids and 7 VOCs. The findings indicated that TG 18:2/18:2/18:2 and Cardiolipin (CL) 16:0/16:0/18:2/18:2 might be the key lipid molecule species for the formation of 2-methoxyphenol. The study helps to understand the effect of different treatments on the lipid profiles and provides the mechanistic insights to the relationship between the lipids and VOCs of truffles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Yao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Minjie Zhao
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Jikai Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Eric Marchioni
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives et Pharmacognoise, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178, CNRS/UDS), 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Zhou Y, Xu J, MacIsaac HJ, McKay RM, Xu R, Pei Y, Zi Y, Li J, Qian Y, Chang X. Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free Microcystis aeruginosa strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075621. [PMID: 36741884 PMCID: PMC9894096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten the ecological integrity and beneficial uses of lakes globally. In addition to producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MC), M. aeruginosa exudates (MaE) contain various compounds with demonstrated toxicity to aquatic biota. Previously, we found that the ecotoxicity of MaE differed between MC-producing and MC-free strains at exponential (E-phase) and stationary (S-phase) growth phases. However, the components in these exudates and their specific harmful effects were unclear. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the constituents in MaE of a MC-producing and a MC-free strain at both E-phase and S-phase. A total of 409 metabolites were identified and quantified based on their relative abundance. These compounds included lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acid, benzenoids and organic oxygen compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed that strains and growth phases significantly influenced the metabolite profile. The MC-producing strain had greater total metabolites abundance than the MC-free strain at S-phase, whereas the MC-free strain released higher concentrations of benzenoids, lipids, organic oxygen, organic nitrogen and organoheterocyclic compounds than the MC-producing strain at E-phase. Total metabolites had higher abundance in S-phase than in E- phase in both strains. Analysis of differential metabolites (DMs) and pathways suggest that lipids metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were more tightly coupled to growth phases than to strains. Abundance of some toxic lipids and benzenoids DMs were significantly higher in the MC-free strain than the MC-producing one. This study builds on the understanding of MaE chemicals and their biotoxicity, and adds to evidence that non-MC-producing strains of cyanobacteria may also pose a threat to ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province, Kunming Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugh J. MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Pei
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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Yu X, Qi Q, Li Y, Li N, Xie Y, Ding A, Shi J, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yan N. Metabolomics and proteomics reveal the molecular basis of colour formation in the pericarp of Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia). Food Res Int 2022; 162:112082. [PMID: 36461331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) is rich in flavonoids and the characteristic colour of its pericarp is attributed to the flavonoids. In this study, the molecular basis of the colour change in the pericarp of Chinese wild rice was studied using metabolomics and proteomics. Whole seeds in three developmental stages (10, 20, and 30 days after flowering) were characterised based on phenolic contents, free amino acids (FAAs), and the expression level and activities of enzymes critical in flavonoid biosynthesis. The total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents of Chinese wild rice increased gradually, whereas total flavonoid and FAA contents decreased during seed development. Metabolomic analysis revealed gradual upward trends for 57 flavonoids (sub classes 1, 3, and 10) related to colour change in the pericarp. Proteomic analysis showed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolic pathway was enriched with differentially expressed proteins and was associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Proteomic data suggested that leucoanthocyanidin reductase and WD40 repeat protein may be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Chinese wild rice, which was also verified by real-time quantitative PCR. Our results provide new insights into the understanding of the colour formation in the pericarp of Chinese wild rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yali Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Yanning Xie
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Anming Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Feng J, Zhou R, Ma M. Integrated metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing to explore the dynamic correlations between flavor related metabolites and bacterial succession in the process of Mongolian cheese production. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang Q, Zhang D, Zhao L, Liu J, Shang B, Yang W, Duan X, Sun H. Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Insights into Deterioration of Rice Quality during Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121729. [PMID: 35741928 PMCID: PMC9222621 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the changes in the quality of rice during storage, this study investigated the comprehensive metabolomic profiles of Nanjing 9108 (typical japonica rice) and Jianzhen 2 (typical indica rice) varieties in China, using metabolomics. A total of 13 categories of 593 metabolites including lipids (134 species), phenolic acids (78 species), flavonoids (70 species), alkaloids (67 species), organic acids (64 species), amino acids and derivatives (64 species), saccharides and alcohols (44 species), nucleotides and derivatives (37 species), vitamins (14 species), lignans and coumarins (9 species), tannins (2 species), terpenoids (2 species), and others (8 species) were identified in both varieties. The result showed significant changes in 204 metabolites in Nanjing 9108, while only 26 were altered in Jianzhen 2 during storage. These metabolites involved 46 metabolic pathways. The TCA cycle, linoleic, and α-linolenic acid metabolic pathways were unique in Nanjing 9108. Finally, the results of quantitative mass spectrometry of 11 metabolites provided insight into biomarkers associated with quality deterioration of rice. This study provides insights into the mechanism of deterioration in the quality of rice during storage.
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Study on the characterization of polysaccharide from Tuber sinense and its desensitization effect to β-lactoglobulin in vivo. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Li Y, Liang H, Zhou D, Xing Y, Chen J. Phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Tuber indicum at different maturity stages. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100830. [PMID: 34997953 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum (Ascomycota, Pezizales) is a ectomycorrhizal fungus forming hypogeous edible ascocarps. As a famous wild edible mushroom in the world, this species also attracted an increasing interest in their chemical composition and pharmacological activity. In this study, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of Tuber indicum collected from July to November at different maturity stages in China were analyzed. Our results showed that T. indicum collected in July (immature stage) possessed the highest amount of flavonoids (3.89 mg/g dw) and the highest ABTS⦁+ scavenging activity (EC50 =3.73 mg/ml). In addition, those samples collected in August (moderate mature stage) contained the highest phenolics content (4.78 mg/g dw), the highest DPPH⦁ radical scavenging activity(EC50 =3.73 mg/ml) and ferric reducing activity power(243.63 μmol FeSO4 /g). The study reveals T. indicum in the early maturity stage yield significantly higher content of phenolics and flavonoids and possessed stronger antioxidant activity than those collected in other months. This study provided important data for understanding the relationship between maturity stages and truffle formation and evaluating the quality of Chinese black truffle at different maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycological lab, Hadian District, 100193, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Hanqiao Liang
- Biochemical school, Beijing City University,Beijing 100183,China, pharmacy, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycological lab, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yongmei Xing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Mycology lab, Hadian District, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Juan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, No.151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, CHINA
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