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Bomfim Bahia PV, Brandão BDRL, Machado ME. Deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fuel, food and environmental samples. Talanta 2024; 277:126418. [PMID: 38879948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) encompass a wide variety of organic analytes that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials for human health and are recalcitrant in the environment. Evaluating PACs levels in fuel (e.g., gasoline and diesel), food (e.g., grilled meat, fish, powdered milk, fruits, honey, and coffee) and environmental (e.g., industrial effluents, water, wastewater and marine organisms) samples are critical to determine the risk that these chemicals pose. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have garnered significant attention in recent years as a green alternative to traditional organic solvents employed in sample preparation. DES are biodegradable, have low toxicities, ease of synthesis, low cost, and a remarkable ability to extract PACs. However, no comprehensive assessment of the use of DESs for extracting PACs from fuel, food and environmental samples has been performed. This review focused on research involving the utilization of DESs to extract PACs in matrices such as PAHs in environmental samples, NSO-HET in fuels, and bisphenols in foods. Chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were also revised, considering the sensibility to quantify these compound types. In addition, the characteristics of DES and advantages and limitations for PACs in the context of green analytical chemistry principles (GAC) and green profile based on metrics provide perspective and directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Dos Reis Lago Brandão
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Zhang K, Guo R, Wang Y, Wang J, Nie Q, Zhu G. Terpenes based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of aliphatic aldehydes in drinking water and alcoholic beverages. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141706. [PMID: 38484993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic aldehydes are a class of organic compounds containing aldehyde groups, which are widespread, and closely related to people's daily life and health. In this work, a series of terpenes based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents were designed and synthesized using hexafluoroisopropanol as hydrogen bond donor and menthol/thymol as hydrogen bond acceptor. Then they are used as extraction solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for extracting and determining seven aliphatic aldehydes from drinking water and alcoholic beverage combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. Due to the fact that these hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents are liquid at the room temperature, a density greater than that of water, a lower viscosity (≤26.10 mPa s, 25 °C), after extraction and centrifugation, the microvolume DES-rich phase in the bottom is convenient for collection and direct analysis without further dissolution or dilution with organic solvents. Some factors affecting the extraction recovery were optimized by one-variable-at-a-time and response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factors for the seven aliphatic aldehydes were 48-56. The method had good performance: linear ranges of 1.0-200, 0.5-200, 0.2-200, 0.4-400, 1.0-400, 0.4-400 and 0.4-400 μg L-1 for seven aliphatic aldehydes (r2 ≥ 0.9949), limits of detection of 0.1-0.5 μg L-1, intra-day and inter-day precisions <4.9%. The recoveries of seven aliphatic aldehydes ranged from 76.0 to 119.0%. The proposed dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method is simple, rapid, highly efficient, and green, which effectively reduces the amount of toxic chemical reagents used and their impact on the environment. Rapid and efficient detection of aliphatic aldehydes helps ensure a healthy diet and has great application prospects in food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Yunhe Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Qiujun Nie
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
| | - Guifen Zhu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, PR China.
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Mohebbi A, Fathi AA, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Yaripour S, Fattahi N. Application of magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction combined with solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and GC-MS in the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:175-187. [PMID: 38252747 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2301664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been validated for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from honey samples. For this purpose, a carbonised cellulose-ferromagnetic nanocomposite was used as a sorbent through the magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction. For preparation of the sorbent, first, carbonised cellulose nanoparticles were created by treating cellulose filter paper with concentrated solution of sulfuric acid. Then, the prepared nanoparticles were loaded onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles through coprecipitation. In the extraction process, first, a few mg of the sorbent was added to the diluted honey solution and dispersed in it using vortex agitation. The particles were then separated and the adsorbed analytes were eluted with an organic solvent. The eluent was taken and after mixing with a water-immiscible extraction solvent was used in the following solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. By performing the extraction process under the obtained optimum conditions, low limits of detection (0.08-0.17 ng g-1) and quantification (0.27-0.57 ng g-1), satisfactory precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 5.0%), and wide linear range (0.57-500 ng g-1) with great coefficients of determination (r2≥ 0.9986) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebbi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Fathi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Xie H, Xu Y, Sun F, Li J, Liu R. Determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and its brominated derivatives in water, sediment and soil by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1875-1888. [PMID: 37460918 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was typical brominated flame retardant and potential environmental endocrine disruptor, and it had persistence, bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity. Simultaneous determination of ultra-trace TBBPA, tribromobiphenol A (tri-BBPA), dibromobiphenol A (di-BBPA), monobromobisphenol A (mono-BBPA) and bisphenol A (BPA) was developed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS), the parent ion charge ratios (m/z) had been optimized. The linear range was wider and the limit of detection was (LOD) 0.09 ~ 0.21 ng mL-1, which could detect trace pollutants. The extraction efficiency was improved by optimizing the parameters, HLB cartridge was used in the water sample by solid phase extraction (SPE), the recovery rates in water samples were over 80.28% with three concentration levels, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 7.12%, and the minimum detection limit of the method was 0.90 ~ 2.10 × 10-3 ng mL-1. Soil and sediment samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), the recovery rates in soil and sediment were over 79.40% and 75.65%, the minimum detection limit was 0.0225 ~ 0.0525 ng g-1, RSD was less than 7.19%. The proffered method was successfully utilized to detect actual samples, the residue of di-BBPA and mono-BBPA are detected in Naihe River and Shuxi River in Tai'an City, residue of di-BBPA and mono-BBPA was detected in the soil, and there was low residual amount of di-BBPA, mono-BBPA and BPA in the sediment of Shuxi River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Yuxin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jinling Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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Huang X, Li Z, Zhang T, Zhu J, Wang X, Nie M, Harada K, Zhang J, Zou X. Research progress in human biological monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbon with emphasis on the analytical technology of biomarkers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114917. [PMID: 37094484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated compounds containing carbon and hydrogen that form single aromatic ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings. This review focuses on the research progress of aromatic hydrocarbons represented by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), benzene and its derivatives including toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (o-, m- and p-), styrene, nitrobenzene, and aniline. Due to the toxicity, widespread coexistence, and persistence of aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment, accurate assessment of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons is essential to protect human health. The effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on human health are mainly derived from three aspects: different routes of exposure, the duration and relative toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons which should be below the biological exposure limit. Therefore, this review discusses the primary exposure routes, toxic effects on humans, and key populations, in particular. This review briefly summarizes the different biomarker indicators of main aromatic hydrocarbons in urine, since most aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites are excreted via urine, which is more feasible, convenient, and non-invasive. In this review, the pretreatment and analytical techniques are compiled systematically for the qualitative and quantitative assessments of aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with multiple detectors. This review aims to identify and monitor the co-exposure of aromatic hydrocarbons that provides a basis for the formulation of corresponding health risk control measures and guide the adjustment of the exposure dose of pollutants to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuoya Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianai Zhang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Manqing Nie
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yang H, Ding Y, Ding Y, Liu J. In-vial solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drug formulations stored in packaging containing rubber. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7848-7856. [PMID: 36909765 PMCID: PMC9996413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous and persistent organic compounds that are significantly teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Rubber stoppers commonly used in sterile formulation packaging materials often contain carbon black as the additive to enhance mechanical strength. However, PAHs may be formed during the production of carbon black, which could cause the drug formulations to be contaminated when contacting with the rubber stopper, and then enter the patient's body. The determination of PAHs in drug formulations is challenging, due to their trace amounts and matrix interference. Therefore, sample pretreatment is necessary and important. In this work, a novel technique, named in-vial solid-phase extraction (IVSPE), was developed for the selective extraction and enrichment of 16 PAHs in pharmaceuticals. The coated sample vial was directly used as the container for the whole process of sample pretreatment. As the solid-phase adsorbent, the coating was prepared by successively modifying the inner surface of a sample vial with polydopamine film and octadecylamine. PAHs could be selectively extracted through π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction, and then desorbed and enriched by a small amount of organic solvent. After systematic optimization of the coating preparation and the extraction process, the limits of detection and quantification of 16 PAHs were in the range of 0.002-0.60 ng mL-1 and 0.007-2.00 ng mL-1, respectively. Good linearities and precision of six repeated injections were obtained. The recoveries at three spiked concentration levels in normal saline were in the range of 62.72-106.90% with the relative standard deviation between 0.83% and 6.78%. Finally, PAHs in normal saline and powders for injection were extracted by established IVSPE, followed by separation and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and diode array detector (HPLC-FLD/DAD). It is worth noting that the preparation conditions of the adsorbent in the IVSPE method are mild, simple and green. Moreover, IVSPE has the advantages of having few work steps and avoiding the risk of contamination, because no special instrumentation or sample transfer is required. IVSPE could also be used for the pretreatment of multiple samples at the same time, which is beneficial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yinmeng Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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Andruch V, Kalyniukova A, Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Snigur D, Zaruba S, Płatkiewicz J, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Werner J. Application of deep eutectic solvents in sample preparation for analysis (update 2017–2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Miniaturized extraction and determination of swelling agents in fruits and vegetables based on deep eutectic solvent-molecularly imprinted hydrophilic resin. Food Chem 2023; 398:133920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marcolin LC, de Oliveira Arias JL, Kupski L, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in honey from stingless bees (Meliponinae) in southern Brazil. Food Chem 2022; 405:134944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Effective extraction of parabens from toothpaste by vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on low viscosity deep eutectic solvent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction of Effective Components from Phellodendron chinense Schneid by Response Surface Methodology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3881551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Taking Phellodendron chinense Schneid (PcS) as the raw material with ultrasonic-assisted eutectic solvent, the effects of various DESs on the extractable content of palmatine and berberine in PcS were investigated. On the basis of the single-factor test, the best DES was determined to be choline chloride and 1,3-propanediol (mole ratio 1 : 2). After optimizing by the response surface method, the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 30 (w/v), water content was 30% (v/v), vortex time was 7 min, ultrasonic time was 20 min, ultrasonic temperature was 60°C, ultrasonic power was 400 W, and the content of palmatine in PcS was 5.421 ± 0.283 mg/g, and the content of berberine in PcS was 15.573 ± 0.539 mg/g. Therefore, DES prepared from choline chloride and 1,3-propanediol can be used to extract palmatine and berberine from PcS. The optimized process conditions determined by the response surface method are reliable and can provide a reference for the green extraction of effective components from PcS.
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Laosuwan M, Gissawong N, Butwong N, Srijaranai S, Mukdasai S. Facile liquid colorimetric sensor using high-density deep eutectic solvent for trace detection and speciation of iron in milk. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:121020. [PMID: 35176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient colorimetric sensor was developed using a high-density deep eutectic solvent (HD-DES) for the trace detection and speciation of iron in various milk samples. A liquid colorimetric probe was fabricated by dissolving ferrozine (FZ) in HD-DES prepared from TBABr and PBA. The prederivatization of Fe2+ via complexation with FZ on the HD-DES/FZ probe provided the [Fe(FZ)3]4- complex, which led to a color change from pale yellow to purple before it was simultaneously extracted by HD-DES. The Fe3+ content was calculated by subtracting the amount of Fe2+ from the total Fe content following the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by L-ascorbic acid in an acid buffer. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed colorimetric sensor exhibited appreciable linearity in the concentration range of 0.003-0.04 mg L-1, a low limit of detection (0.95 µg L-1), high enrichment factor (50), and outstanding repeatability. The liquid colorimetric probe was successfully applied for the determination and speciation of iron in milk samples, and the results were compared with those obtained using the standard atomic absorption spectrometry method. Moreover, quantitative analysis was performed on a smartphone using the Image J application to estimate the color intensity change, which eliminated the requirement of sophisticated scientific instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melasinee Laosuwan
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Netsirin Gissawong
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nuttaya Butwong
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriboon Mukdasai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Ramos-Payán M. A green microfluidic method based liquid phase microextraction for the determination of parabens in human urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Han W, Yang Y, Hang N, Zhao W, Lu P, Li S. Switchable hydrophilic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of four types of sulfonylurea herbicides in soils. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1252-1261. [PMID: 35001514 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, switchable hydrophilic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides in soils. For the first time, the sample pretreatment was achieved due to the similar acid-base status of sulfonylurea herbicides and switchable hydrophilic solvent. In the extraction step, sulfonylurea herbicides were extracted as anions and transferred to an alkaline solution with switchable hydrophilic solvent anions. In the concentration step, two types of anions were transformed to their molecular state after the aqueous solution was acidified. In addition, the dispersion and microextraction processes were completed efficiently with the simultaneous formation of analytes and extractants. The factors affecting the extraction performance were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed for each herbicide with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9952 to 0.9978. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1-0.2 μg/g. Moreover, the relative recoveries of the sulfonylurea herbicides at spiking levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 μg/g in soil samples were between 75 and 111% (relative standard deviations: 0.4-11.4%). Therefore, the proposed method in this study could be successfully applied to the analysis of four types of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Na Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wanning Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Songqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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15
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Nowak A, Nowak I. Review of harmful chemical pollutants of environmental origin in honey and bee products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-23. [PMID: 34904474 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a natural food with many pro-health properties, which comprises a wide variety of valuable ingredients. It can also be the source of chemical contaminants of environmental origin, including POPs that can contribute to adverse health effects to human. Monitoring the degree of pollution of honey/bee products with hazardous chemicals is important from a nutraceutical point of view. In the present work, overview of recent literature data on chemical pollutants in honey/bee products originating from the environment was performed. Their MLs, MRLs and EDI were discussed. It can be concluded that huge amount of research concerned on the presence of TMs and pesticides in honey. Most of the studies have shown that honey/bee products sampled from urban and industrialized areas were more contaminated than these sampled from ecological and rural locations. More pollutants were usually detected in propolis and bee pollen than in honey. Based on their research and regulations, authors stated, that most of the toxic pollutants of environmental origin in honey/bee products are at levels that do not pose a threat to the health of the potential consumer. The greatest concern relates to pesticides and TMs, because in some research MLs in individual samples were highly exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. Deep Eutectic Solvents Application in Food Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:6846. [PMID: 34833939 PMCID: PMC8617738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends in Analytical Chemistry are focused on the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures. However, and despite technological advances at the instrumental level having played a very important role in the greenness of the new methods, there is still work to be done regarding the sample preparation stage. In this sense, the implementation of new materials and solvents has been a great step towards the development of "greener" analytical methodologies. In particular, the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has aroused great interest in recent years in this regard, as a consequence of their excellent physicochemical properties, general low toxicity, and high biodegradability if they are compared with classical organic solvents. Furthermore, the inclusion of DESs based on natural products (natural DESs, NADESs) has led to a notable increase in the popularity of this new generation of solvents in extraction techniques. This review article focuses on providing an overview of the applications and limitations of DESs in solvent-based extraction techniques for food analysis, paying especial attention to their hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature, which is one of the main factors affecting the extraction procedure, becoming even more important when such complex matrices are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n., 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n., 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n., 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n., 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n., 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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17
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Ramos-Payán M. Microfluidic liquid-phase microextraction based on natural deep eutectic solvents immobilized in agarose membranes. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1657:462580. [PMID: 34624712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), the sample and the acceptor are separated by a synthetic organic solvent, which is immobilized in a porous polymeric membrane of polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride. The organic solvent serves as extraction phase, while the polymeric membrane serves as support membrane. The combination of extraction phase and support membrane is termed supported liquid membrane (SLM). In this paper, we developed for the first time fully green and biodegradable supported SLMs, based on natural deep eutectic solvents as extraction phase and agarose as support membrane. This highly green approach was developed and studied with sulfonamide pharmaceuticals as model analytes, and performance was compared with LPME using conventional SLMs. All experiments were conducted in a microfluidic device. Model analytes were extracted from acidic sample (pH1.0) and into alkaline acceptor (pH12.0). Both sample and acceptor were pumped at 1 μL min-1 into the microfluidic device, and the optimal SLM was based on 3 µL of coumarin and thymol (1:2 molar ratio) as the extraction phase. The proposed green microfluidic device was successfully applied for the determination of sulfonamides in urine samples with spiking recoveries in the range of 77-100%. LPME with deep eutectic solvent immobilized in agarose showed similar performance as with conventional SLMs. Thus, the data presented in this paper demonstrate that highly green microextraction systems may be developed in the future, based on natural solvents and biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dowlatshah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, Seville 41012, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, Seville 41012, Spain.
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18
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Homogenous liquid-liquid micro-extraction of pollutants in complex matrices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Chen J, Li X, Huang A, Deng W, Xiao Y. Nonionic surfactants based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for liquid-liquid microextraction of Sudan dyes in tomato chili sauces. Food Chem 2021; 364:130373. [PMID: 34182367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new type of high-density hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized with nonionic surfactants as hydrogen bond acceptors and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as hydrogen bond donor. Brij-35 was selected as the optimal nonionic surfactant for the preparation of Brij-35-HFIP-DES (molar ratio 1:20). A vortex-assisted DES-based liquid-liquid microextraction method was proposed for determination of Sudan dyes in tomato chili sauces. The whole pretreatment process only needs 5 min and 1.1 mL of organic solvent. The method with HPLC-DAD shows high efficiency (enrichment factors 89-176 and extraction rates 61.0-74.6%) and good performance with linearity (R ≥ 0.9997) in 0.04-2 μg g-1 range, detection limits of 0.0045-0.0118 μg g-1, recoveries of 91.6-104.5% and intra-/inter-day precision below 8.0%. A "DES in water in DES" aggregate microstructure was observed in DES-rich phase. The proposed method is simple, quick, eco-friendly, and suits for the efficient extraction and accurate determination of Sudan dyes in tomato chili sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, and School of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxiu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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