1
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Lu JW, Lin CY, Fang M. Roasted fish reaction flavor by plant-based ingredients. Food Chem 2024; 460:140492. [PMID: 39032289 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no commercially available plant-based products that replicate the flavor profile of roasted fish. As the increasing demand of plant-based meat in the recent years, the exploration of plant-based meat flavors holds significant importance. This study revealed that a blend of lysine, leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, cysteine, glucose, and algae oil (rich in docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), when subjected to heating in low pH, generated the distinct flavor like roasted mackerel. The precursor, mechanism and flavor note were investigated. Key aromatic compounds such as isovaleric acid, octanoic acid, 1,5-octadien-3-one, 2,4-octadienal, 2-octenal, furaneol, 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde, and 2-pentenylfuran were found as important contributors in the reaction flavor model. These compounds primarily derived from heat-induced lipid oxidation, lipid degradation, and Maillard reaction of these plant-based ingredients. The development of plant-based meat flavors is crucial for promoting the substantial progress of plant-based meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Lu
- Department of Food Science, Collage of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2, Beining Rd., Keelung City, Taiwan..
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Food Science, Collage of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2, Beining Rd., Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Mingchih Fang
- Department of Food Science, Collage of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2, Beining Rd., Keelung City, Taiwan..
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2
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Zhao D, Fang Y, Wei Z, Duan W, Chen Y, Zhou X, Xiao C, Chen W. Proteomics reveals the mechanism of protein degradation and its relationship to sensorial and texture characteristics in dry-cured squid during processing. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101409. [PMID: 38711776 PMCID: PMC11070823 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis in dry-cured squid contributes to the development of sensory and textural attributes. In this study, label-free quantitative proteomics was conducted to study the mechanism of proteolysis and its correlation with quality changes. The results showed that the protein profile of dry-cured squid changed markedly during processing, which was confirmed by the quantification of myofibrillar protein, amino nitrogen and total free acids, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Thirty-two key differentially abundant proteins were found to be correlated with sensory and texture characteristics, including myofibrillar protein, tubulin beta chain, collagens, heat shock proteins and cytochrome c. The correlation analysis indicated that myosin regulatory light chain and tubulin beta chain played the most important role in the development of texture and sensory attributes in squid samples during the dry-curing process. The results offered novel insights into proteolysis in dry-cured squid and its relationship to quality changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical Collge, Hangzhou, China
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yizhou Fang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 322002, China
| | - Zhengxun Wei
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical Collge, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Duan
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical Collge, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical Collge, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China
| | - Chaogeng Xiao
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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3
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Zheng AR, Wei CK, Wang MS, Ju N, Fan M. Characterization of the key flavor compounds in cream cheese by GC-MS, GC-IMS, sensory analysis and multivariable statistics. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100772. [PMID: 38840807 PMCID: PMC11150910 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aroma types of cream cheese affect its commercial value and consumer acceptability. However, the types of volatile substances and sensory characteristics of cream cheese at different fermentation stages are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) were used to analyze the volatile substances in cream cheese fermentation. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), odor activity value (OAV), relative odor activity value (ROAV) and variable projection importance (VIP) were used to identify the characteristic flavor substances in cream cheese fermentation. Finally, the relationship between key flavor substances and sensory characteristics was determined by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. A total of 34 and 36 volatile organic compounds were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-MS, respectively, and 14 characteristic flavor substances were found, based on VIP, ROAV and OAV models. Combined with sensory analysis and flavor substance changes, it was found that the cream cheese fermented for 15 d had the best flavor and taste. This study reveals the characteristics and contribution of volatile substances in cream cheese at different fermentation stages, which provides new insights into improving flavor and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ran Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Kun Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Song Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ju
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited, Hohhot 151100, People's Republic of China
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu Y, Hou A, Wang Y, Li L, Peng X, Xiao Y. Discrimination and characterization of volatile organic compounds and nutritional values of three varieties of chopped pepper seeds. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101150. [PMID: 38312485 PMCID: PMC10837493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented-chopped pepper is a widely consumed condiment in China due to its attractive flavor. Chopped pepper seed (CPS) is the byproduct generated during the production of chopped pepper and is generally discarded as waste. In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nutritional value of three varieties of CPS were investigated. Results indicated that the nutritional compositions of the three CPS varieties exhibited significant differences. All CPS samples contained 17 amino acids and were rich in fatty acids, with unsaturated fatty acids being predominant and accounting for 79 % of the total fatty acids. A total of 53 VOCs were identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, which could be classified into 9 groups, with aldehydes, esters, and alcohols comprising the three largest groups. The three varieties of CPS had remarkably varied aromas whereas there are five key VOCs (i.e., 2-pentylfuran, methional, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, dimethyl disulfide, and nonanal) in all CPS samples. Network correlation analysis revealed that VOCs are closely correlated with amino and fatty acids. Thus, this study provides a useful basis for understanding the nutritional values and flavor characteristics of different CPS varieties, which could be used as an ingredient and might have great potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xilu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yida Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aixiang Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Luoming Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaozhen Peng
- School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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5
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Mai R, Liu J, Yang J, Li X, Zhao W, Bai W. Formation mechanism of lipid-derived volatile flavor compounds metabolized by inoculated probiotics and their improving effect on the flavor of low-salt dry-cured mackerel. Food Chem 2024; 437:137636. [PMID: 37866340 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the contribution and mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum and Zygosaccharomyces mellis inoculation to the enhancement of aroma in low-salt dry-cured mackerel (LDCM). Inoculating probiotics significantly improved the LDCM's aroma, with mixed probiotics showing a superior effect. The contents of lipid-derived volatile flavor compounds (LVFCs), free fatty acid contents, and key enzyme activities significantly increased (p < 0.05) in probiotic-treated groups. The dominant species in the probiotics-treated groups were the inoculated Lactobacillus plantarum and Zygosaccharomyces mellis, which were the main producer of metabolic enzymes for the generation of LVFCs. Lactobacillus plantarum performed well in lipid hydrolysis and aldehydes reduction, while Zygosaccharomyces mellis played a main role in aldehyde production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Mai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangluan Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Li Y, Cui Z, Shi L, Shan J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ji Y, Zhang D, Wang J. Perovskite Nanocrystals: Superior Luminogens for Food Quality Detection Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4493-4517. [PMID: 38382051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
With the global limited food resources receiving grievous damage from frequent climate changes and ascending global food demand resulting from increasing population growth, perovskite nanocrystals with distinctive photoelectric properties have emerged as attractive and prospective luminogens for the exploitation of rapid, easy operation, low cost, highly accurate, excellently sensitive, and good selective biosensors to detect foodborne hazards in food practices. Perovskite nanocrystals have demonstrated supreme advantages in luminescent biosensing for food products due to their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, narrow full width at half-maximum PL, tunable PL in the entire visible spectrum, easy preparation, and various modification strategies compared with conventional semiconductors. Herein, we have carried out a comprehensive discussion concerning perovskite nanocrystals as luminogens in the application of high-performance biosensing of foodborne hazards for food products, including a brief introduction of perovskite nanocrystals, perovskite nanocrystal-based biosensors, and their application in different categories of food products. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by perovskite nanocrystals as superior luminogens were proposed to promote their practicality in the future food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaowen Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longhua Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinrui Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanwei Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Li Z, Li D, Pan D, Xia Q, Sun Y, Du L, He J, Zhou C, Geng F, Cao J. Insights into the mechanism of extracellular proteases from Penicillium on myofibrillar protein hydrolysis and volatile compound evolutions. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113774. [PMID: 38129063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of Penicillium proteases on the hydrolysis of myofibrillar protein (MP) and volatile compound evolutions, enzymatic characteristics of Penicillium proteases, hydrolysis capacities for MP, interactions between Penicillium proteases and MP, and profile changes of volatile compounds were investigated. P. aethiopicum (PA) and P. chrysogenum (PC) proteases showed the largest hydrolysis activities at pH 9.0 and 7.0, and were identified as alkaline serine protease and serine protease by LC-MS/MS, respectively. The proteases of PA and PC significantly degraded myosin and actin, and PA protease showed higher hydrolysis capacity for myosin than that of PC protease, which was confirmed by higher proteolysis index (56.06 %) and lower roughness (3.99 nm) of MP after PA treatment. Molecular docking revealed that hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction were the major interaction forces of Penicillium proteases with myosin and actin, and PA protease showed more binding sites with myosin compared with PC protease. The total content of free amino acids increased to 6.02-fold for PA treatment and to 5.51-fold for PC treatment after 4 h hydrolysis of MP, respectively. GC-MS showed that aromatic aldehydes and pyrazines in PA showed the largest increase compared with the control and PC during the hydrolysis of MP. Correlation analysis demonstrated that Phe, Leu and Ile were positively related with the accumulation of benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl benzaldehyde and 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Danni Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lihui Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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8
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Bai W, Mai R, Guo S, Li X, Zhao W, Yang J. The contribution of inoculated probiotics to increased protein-derived volatile flavor compounds. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113629. [PMID: 37981358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the contribution and mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum and Zygosaccharomyces mellis inoculation to the enhancement of protein-derived volatile flavor compounds (PVFCs) in low-salt dry-cured mackerel (LDCM). The contents of PVFCs (3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde), intermediates (α-ketoisocaproate and phenylpyruvic acid), precursor (α-ketoisocaproate and phenylpyruvic acid), and key enzyme activities (protease and transaminase) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in probiotic-treated groups. The dominant species in the probiotics-treated groups were the inoculated Lactobacillus plantarum and Zygosaccharomyces mellis, which were the main producer of key enzymes for the generation of PVFCs. Lactobacillus plantarum performed well in protein degradation and amino acid transamination, resulting in generating more 3-methylbutanal and phenylacetaldehyde, while Zygosaccharomyces mellis played a main role in phenylethanol production. The synergistic action of Lactobacillus plantarum and Zygosaccharomyces mellis could promote the formation of 3-methyl-1-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruijie Mai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiangluan Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Liu Q, Lei M, Lin J, Zhao W, Zeng X, Bai W. The roles of lipoxygenases and autoxidation during mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) dry-cured processing. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113309. [PMID: 37803620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The roles of enzymatic (Lipoxygenases, LOX) oxidation and autoxidation in the dry-cured processing of mackerel were investigated by adding exogenous substances in this study. Four groups, namely control, chlorogenic acid (inhibiting LOX activity), EDTA-2Na (inhibiting autoxidation), and exogenous LOX (adding eLOX), were assigned. The results showed that lipid oxidation of mackerel was reduced by inhibiting LOX activity and autoxidation, while adding eLOX promoted lipid oxidation. Inhibition of LOX activity and autoxidation suppressed fatty acid accumulation mainly in the air-drying and curing stage, respectively. The total contents of key flavors in the mackerel during dry-cured processing were decreased by inhibiting LOX activity and autoxidation, and the former inhibitory effect was stronger than autoxidation, while it was corresponding increased through adding eLOX, of particular in the later stage of air-drying. Collectively, LOX could promote the flavor formation of the mackerel in the dry-cured processing, which could be applied in the flavor adjustment of aquatic products or some similar fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Menglin Lei
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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10
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Liu Q, Lin J, Zhao W, Lei M, Yang J, Bai W. The dynamic changes of flavors and UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS based lipidomics in mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) during dry-cured processing. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112273. [PMID: 36596184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured mackerel is favored by consumers for its suitable salty flavor. Herein, the dynamic changes of volatile compounds and lipids in the mackerel, and the lipidomics based on UPLC-Orbitrap/MS technique during dry-cured processing were investigated. The results showed that endogenous lipases activities in dry-cured mackerel decreased. The dry-cured processing of mackerel had significant effects on its lipid classes and content. The contents of Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n3), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n6), alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) increased during dry-cured processing. A total of 38 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in the dry-cured mackerel, 12 of which were derived from fatty acid oxidation. Among 30 lipid metabolites (FC ≥ 2 and VIP > 2), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 19:0/22:6) accounted for the highest content, and its difference between three stages was the most obvious. Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolisms were the most important metabolic pathways involved in dry-cured processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Menglin Lei
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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11
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Effects of amino acid composition of yeast extract on the microbiota and aroma quality of fermented soy sauce. Food Chem 2022; 393:133289. [PMID: 35689918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Yeast extracts, of which amino acids are the main component, can be directly applied to improve the flavor of final soy sauce. In this study, the potential of commercial yeast extracts was explored from amino acid approach to enhance the flavor quality of soy sauce by shaping the core fermentation microbiota. Alkaline and neutral amino acids favored the competitive benefits of flavor-producing bacteria, while acidic amino acids promoted the stress resistance of the fermentation microbiota, especially the abundance of Lactobacillus, which increased to 18.03-23.78% and became the predominant microbiota. The mass ratio of neutral-nonpolar: neutral-polar: acidic: alkaline amino acids was 40: 18: 27: 15, which provided the optimal improvement of soy sauce aroma. The formulation and activated the metabolic pathways of 3-methyl-1-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol through Leu and Ile, resulting in a 52.6% increase in malt-like aroma. This study provides a new idea for the regulation of soy sauce fermentation.
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12
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Elucidating the mechanism underlying volatile and non-volatile compound development related to microbial amino acid metabolism during golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus) fermentation. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Characterization of a lactic acid bacteria using branched-chain amino acid transaminase and protease from Jinhua Ham and application in myofibrillar protein model. Meat Sci 2022; 191:108852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Zhou C, Xia Q, Du L, He J, Sun Y, Dang Y, Geng F, Pan D, Cao J, Zhou G. Recent developments in off-odor formation mechanism and the potential regulation by starter cultures in dry-cured ham. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8781-8795. [PMID: 35373656 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Foul-smelling odors are main quality defects of dry-cured ham, which are connected with the excessive degradation of the structural proteins and excessive oxidation of lipids caused by the abnormal growth of spoilage microorganisms, threatening the development of dry-cured ham industry. Characterizing the key microorganisms and metabolites resulted in the spoilage of dry-cured ham, and discussing the relationship between spoilage microorganisms and metabolites are the key aspects to deeply understand the formation mechanism of off-odor in dry-cured ham. Until now, there is no detailed discussion or critical review on the role of spoilage microorganisms in developing the off-odor of dry-cured ham, and the regulation of off-odor and spoilage microorganisms by starter cultures has been not discussed. This review shows the recent achievement in the off-odor formation mechanism of dry-cured ham, and outlines the potential regulation of off-odor defects in dry-cured ham by starter cultures. Results from current research show that the abnormal growth of Lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Yeasts and Molds plays a key role in developing the off-odor defects of dry-cured ham, while the key spoilage microorganisms of different type hams are discrepant. High profile of aldehydes, acids, sulfur compounds and biogenic amines are responsible for off-odor development in spoiled dry-cured ham. Several starter cultures derived from these species of Staphylococcus, Penicillium, Debaryomyces, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus show a great potential to prevent microbiological hazards and improve flavor quality of dry-cured ham, whereas, the ecology, function and compatibility of these starter cultures with the processing parameters of dry-cured ham need to be further evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yangying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yali Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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15
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Yang J, Mai R, Wu S, Dong H, Zhao W, Bai W. Characterization of Flavor Active Volatile and Non-Volatile Compounds in the Chinese Dry-Cured Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2024635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Mai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siliang Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Zhao T, Benjakul S, Sanmartin C, Ying X, Ma L, Xiao G, Yu J, Liu G, Deng S. Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) during Storage, as Evaluated by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:2917. [PMID: 34945468 PMCID: PMC8701021 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The large yellow croaker is one of the most economically important fish in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, and is well known for its high protein and fat contents, fresh and tender meat, and soft taste. However, the mechanisms involved in its flavor changes during storage have yet to be revealed, although lipid oxidation has been considered to be one important process in determining such changes. Thus, to explore the changes in the flavor of large yellow croaker fish meat during different storage periods, the main physical and chemical characteristics of the fish meat, including the acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, conjugated diene value, and identities of the various flavor substances, were investigated and analyzed by multivariable methods, including headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and principal component analysis (PCA). It was found that after 60 d storage, the types and contents of the aldehyde and ketone aroma components increased significantly, while after 120 d, the contents of ketones (2-butanone), alcohols (1-propanethiol), and aldehydes (n-nonanal) decreased significantly. More specifically, aldehyde components dominated over ketones and lipids, while the n-nonanal content showed a downward trend during storage, and the 3-methylbutanol (trimer), 3-methylbutanol (dimer, D), 3-pentanone (D), and 3-pentanone (monomer) contents increased, whereas these compounds were identified as the key components affecting the fish meat flavor. Furthermore, after 120 d storage, the number of different flavor components reached its highest value, thereby confirming that the storage time influences the flavor of large yellow croaker fish. In this context, it should be noted that many of these compounds form through the Maillard reaction to accelerate the deterioration of fish meat. It was also found that after storage for 120 d, the physical indices of large yellow croaker meat showed significant changes, and its physicochemical properties varied. These results therefore demonstrate that a combination of GC-IMS and PCA can be used to identify the differences in flavor components present in fish meat during storage. Our study provides useful knowledge for understanding the different flavors associated with fish meat products during and following storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (T.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), Pisa University, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Xiaoguo Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (T.Z.); (S.D.)
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lukai Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Jin Yu
- Longyou Aquaculture Development Center, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Longyou County, Quzhou 324000, China;
| | - Guoqin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Shanggui Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (T.Z.); (S.D.)
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