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Belayneh Asfaw T, Getachew Tadesse M, Beshah Tessema F, Woldemichael Woldemariam H, V. Chinchkar A, Singh A, Upadhyay A, Mehari B. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and UHPLC determination of ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and half-maximum effective concentration in Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi fruits using multivariate experimental design. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101310. [PMID: 38645936 PMCID: PMC11031790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of ascorbic acid and polyphenols in fruits and peels of Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi grown in Ethiopia. Conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were optimized, using a multivariate experimental design. The optimum conditions of UAE were 15 min extraction time at 35 ℃, with 75 % aqueous methanol as solvent, and a fruit powder-to-solvent ratio (m/v) of 1:15. Among the different drying conditions investigated, freeze-drying was found to be appropriate for analyzing ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and antioxidant potential. The overall ranges, across the fruits and peels, of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, and antioxidant potentials (EC50) obtained were 8.7 ± 1.4-91.2 ± 2.6 mg/100 g, 253.0 ± 6.3-764.1 ± 25.8 mg GAE/100 g and 2.4 ± 0.1-26.1 ± 2.9 mg/mL, respectively. This indicates that the fruits and peels of the studied plants are advantageous as sources of ascorbic acid and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Getachew Tadesse
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekade Beshah Tessema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajay V. Chinchkar
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Singh
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
- Department of Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Ashutosh Upadhyay
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
| | - Bewketu Mehari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Ahmad R, Lee CH, Kim S, Lee SH. RSM- and ANN-Based Multifrequency Ultrasonic Extraction of Polyphenol-Rich Sargassum horneri Extracts Exerting Antioxidative Activity via the Regulation of MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:690. [PMID: 38929129 PMCID: PMC11200430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (SH) is widely consumed as a healthy seaweed food in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the bioactive components contributing to its biological activity remain unknown. Herein, we optimized multifrequency ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions to achieve higher antioxidant activity using a response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS; negative mode) was used to tentatively identify the secondary metabolites in the optimized SH extract, which were further tested against oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the identified compounds were analyzed in silico to determine their binding energies with the Keap1 protein (4L7B). We identified 89 compounds using HRMS, among which 19 metabolites (8 polyphenolics, 2 flavonoids, 2 lignans, 2 terpenes, 2 tannins, 2 sulfolipids, and 1 phospholipid) were putatively reported for the first time in SH. The in vitro results revealed that optimized SH extract inhibited oxidative stress via the Nrf2/MAPKs/HO-1 pathway in a dose-dependent manner. This result was validated by performing in silico simulation, indicating that sargaquinoic acid and glycitein-7-O-glucuronide had the highest binding energies (-9.20 and -9.52 Kcal/mol, respectively) toward Keap1 (4L7B). This study offers a unique approach for the scientific community to identify potential bioactive compounds by optimizing the multivariant extraction processing conditions, which could be used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Raees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Naznin M, Alam R, Alam MB, Jung MJ, Lee SH, Kim S. Biological activities, identification, method development, and validation for analysis of polyphenolic compounds in Nymphaea rubra flowers and leaves by UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:799-816. [PMID: 38297293 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nymphaea rubra belongs to the Nymphaea family and is regarded as a vegetable used in traditional medicine to cure several ailments. These species are rich in phenolic acid, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannin. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the biological activities of Nymphaea rubra flowers (NRF) and leaves (NRL) by identifying and quantifying their polyphenolic compounds using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole cyclic ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS). METHODOLOGY NRF and NRL powder was extracted with methanol and fractionated using hexane, ethylacetate, and water. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated. The polyphenolic components of NRF and NRL were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS. The method was validated using linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). RESULTS Bioactive substances and antioxidants were highest in the ethylacetate fraction of flowers and leaves. Principal component analysis showed how solvent and plant components affect N. rubra's bioactivity and bioactive compound extraction. A total of 67 compounds were identified, and among them 21 significant polyphenols were quantified. Each calibration curve had R2 > 0.998. The LOD and LLOQ varied from 0.007 to 0.09 μg/mL and from 0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. NRF contained a significant amount of gallic acid (10.1 mg/g), while NRL contained abundant pentagalloylglucose (2.8 mg/g). CONCLUSION The developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and quantification of bioactive molecules. These findings provide a scientific basis for N. rubra's well-documented biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rafiqul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Converging Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, South Korea
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Lubis LD, Prananda AT, Juwita NA, Nasution MA, Syahputra RA, Sumaiyah S, Lubis RR, Lubis MF, Astyka R, Atiqah JF. Unveiling antioxidant capacity of standardized chitosan-tripolyphosphate microcapsules containing polyphenol-rich extract of Portulaca oleraceae. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29541. [PMID: 38644872 PMCID: PMC11031833 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant Portulaca oleraceae has a long history of usage in traditional medicine. Plant extracts have several interesting pharmacological effects but have some drawbacks that can be addressed via capsulation with chitosan. This work set out to do just that tally up the antioxidant effects of a polyphenol-rich P. olerace extract and see how capsulation affected them. The reflux extraction and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to optimize the phenolic and flavonoid content of P. oleraceae extract. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to determine the secondary metabolite present in the extract. The microcapsules of extract-loaded chitosan were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized in terms of size, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and morphology of microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to observe the successful production of microcapsules with a principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The antioxidant activity of microcapsules was established using the radical scavenging method. According to RSM, the highest amounts of TPC and TFC were obtained at 72.894 % ethanol, 2.031 h, and 57.384 °C. The compounds were employed from the optimized extract of P. oleraceae including phenolics and flavonoids. The microcapsules were secured with a %EE of 43.56 ± 2.31 %. The characteristics of microcapsules were approved for the obtained product's successful synthesis according to the PCA. The microcapsules have antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study underscored the benefits of employing chitosan as a nanocarrier for extract, offering a promising approach to enhance plant-derived therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokot Donna Lubis
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Arya Tjipta Prananda
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Nur Aira Juwita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin Nasution
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
- Nanomedicine Center of Innovation, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis
- Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Fauzan Lubis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Astyka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Jihan Firyal Atiqah
- Bachelor Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Li W, Hao S, Li H, An Q, Yang L, Guo B, Xue Z, Liu Y, Guo L, Zheng Y, Zhang D. Exploring Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities in Mulberry Leaves ( Morus alba L.) across Growth Stages: A Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis with Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 29:171. [PMID: 38202754 PMCID: PMC10780005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic product accumulation exhibited variations among mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) at distinct growth stages, and this assessment was conducted using a combination of analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate analysis was applied to the data, and the findings were correlated with antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects in vitro. Statistical analyses divided the 27 batches of MLs at different growth stages into three distinct groups. In vitro assays for antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition revealed that IC50 values were highest at the Y23 stage, which corresponds to the 'Frost Descends' solar term. In summary, the results of this study indicate that MLs at different growth stages throughout the year can be categorized into three primary growth stages using traditional Chinese solar terms as reference points, based on the observed variations in metabolite content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Shenghui Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Hengyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lina Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Bing Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Zijing Xue
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yongli Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Shafique I, Kim S, Lee SH. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37183174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein. METHODOLOGY RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software. RESULTS Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Centre, Green Nano Materials Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Gasparetto H, Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr A, Paula Gonçalves Salau N. Forecasting soybean oil extraction using cyclopentyl methyl ether through soft computing models with a density functional theory study. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Naznin M, Badrul Alam M, Alam R, Islam S, Rakhmat S, Lee SH, Kim S. Metabolite profiling of Nymphaea rubra (Burm. f.) flower extracts using cyclic ion mobility–mass spectrometry and their associated biological activities. Food Chem 2023; 404:134544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alshammari F, Alam MB, Naznin M, Javed A, Kim S, Lee SH. Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Optimized Ripe Ajwa Date Pulp ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:319. [PMID: 37259461 PMCID: PMC9961821 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a popular edible fruit consumed all over the world and thought to cure several chronic diseases and afflictions. The profiling of the secondary metabolites of optimized ripe Ajwa date pulp (RADP) extracts is scarce. The aim of this study was to optimize the heat extraction (HE) of ripe Ajwa date pulp using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to increase its polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. A central composite design was used to optimize HE to achieve the maximum polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of target responses as a function of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature. From RSM estimates, 75.00% ethanol and 3.7 h (extraction time), and 67 °C (extraction temperature) were the optimum conditions for generating total phenolic content (4.49 ± 1.02 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid content (3.31 ± 0.65 mgCAE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (11.10 ± 0.78 % of inhibition), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (1.43 µM ascorbic acid equivalent). The good performance of the ANN was validated using statistical metrics. Seventy-one secondary metabolites, including thirteen new bioactive chemicals (hebitol II, 1,2-di-(syringoyl)-hexoside, naringin dihydrochalcone, erythron-guaiacylglycerol-β-syringaresinol ether hexoside, erythron-1-(4'-O-hexoside-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-syrngaresinoxyl-propane-1,3-diol, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, linustatin and 1-deoxynojirimycin galactoside), were detected using high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The results revealed a significant concentration of phytoconstituents, making it an excellent contender for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanar Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Converging Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Antioxidant, Tyrosinase, α-Glucosidase, and Elastase Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Optimized Unripe Ajwa Date Pulp ( Phoenix dactylifera) Extracts by Response Surface Methodology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043396. [PMID: 36834805 PMCID: PMC9966286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L., Arecaceae family) is a popular edible fruit consumed all over the world. The profiling of the polyphenolic compounds of optimized unripe Ajwa date pulp (URADP) extracts is scarce. The aim of this study was to extract polyphenols from URADP as effectively as possible by using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions with respect to ethanol concentration, extraction time, and temperature and to achieve the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify the URADP's polyphenolic compounds. The DPPH-, ABTS-radical scavenging, α-glucosidase, elastase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of optimized extracts of URADP was also evaluated. According to RSM, the highest amounts of TPC (24.25 ± 1.02 mgGAE/g) and TFC (23.98 ± 0.65 mgCAE/g) were obtained at 52% ethanol, 81 min time, and 63 °C. Seventy (70) secondary metabolites, including phenolic, flavonoids, fatty acids, and sugar, were discovered using high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, twelve (12) new phytoconstituents were identified for the first time in this plant. Optimized URADP extract showed inhibition of DPPH-radical (IC50 = 87.56 mg/mL), ABTS-radical (IC50 = 172.36 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 221.59 mg/mL), elastase (IC50 = 372.25 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 59.53 mg/mL) enzymes. The results revealed a significant amount of phytoconstituents, making it an excellent contender for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Chen S, Zhang H, Yang L, Zhang S, Jiang H. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf by an RSM-ANN-GA Hybrid Approach. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030619. [PMID: 36766147 PMCID: PMC9914185 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a response surface methodology and an artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (RSM-ANN-GA) was used to predict and estimate the optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of Poria cocos. The ingredient yield and antioxidant potential were determined with different independent variables of ethanol concentration (X1; 25-75%), extraction time (X2; 30-50 min), and extraction solution volume (mL) (X3; 20-60 mL). The optimal conditions were predicted by the RSM-ANN-GA model to be 55.53% ethanol concentration for 48.64 min in 60.00 mL solvent for four triterpenoid acids, and 40.49% ethanol concentration for 30.25 min in 20.00 mL solvent for antioxidant activity and total polysaccharide and phenolic contents. The evaluation of the two modeling strategies showed that RSM-ANN-GA provided better predictability and greater accuracy than the response surface methodology for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of P. cocos. These findings provided guidance on efficient extraction of P. cocos and a feasible analysis/modeling optimization process for the extraction of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haiyang Jiang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62734478; Fax: +86-010-62731032
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Comparison of an Artificial Neural Network and a Response Surface Model during the Extraction of Selenium-Containing Protein from Selenium-Enriched Brassica napus L. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233823. [PMID: 36496631 PMCID: PMC9740868 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the extraction conditions for selenium-enriched rape protein (SEP) were optimized by applying a response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model, and then, the optimal conditions were obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA). Then, the antioxidant power of the SEP was examined by using the DPPH, ABTS, and CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8), and its anticancer activities were explored by conducting a cell migration test. The results showed that compared with the RSM model, the ANN model was more accurate with a higher determination coefficient and fewer errors when it was applied to optimize the extraction method. The data obtained for SEP using a GA were as follows: the extraction temperature was 59.4 °C, the extraction time was 3.0 h, the alkaline concentration was 0.24 mol/L, the liquid-to-material ratio was 65.2 mL/g, and the predicted content of protein was 58.04 mg/g. The protein was extracted under the conditions obtained by the GA; the real content of protein was 57.69 mg/g, and the protein yield was 61.71%. Finally, as the concentration of the selenium-containing protein increased, it showed increased ability in scavenging free radicals and was influential in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells.
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Javed A, Naznin M, Alam MB, Fanar A, Song BR, Kim S, Lee SH. Metabolite Profiling of Microwave-Assisted Sargassum fusiforme Extracts with Improved Antioxidant Activity Using Hybrid Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networking-Genetic Algorithm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2246. [PMID: 36421430 PMCID: PMC9687032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme (SF) is a popular edible brown macroalga found in Korea, Japan, and China and is known for its health-promoting properties. In this study, we used two sophisticated models to obtain optimized conditions for high antioxidant activity and metabolite profiling using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A four-factor central composite design was used to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction and achieve the maximum antioxidant activities of DPPH (Y1: 28.01 % inhibition), ABTS (Y2: 36.07 % inhibition), TPC (Y3: 43.65 mg GAE/g), and TFC (Y4: 17.67 mg CAE/g), which were achieved under the optimized extraction conditions of X1: 47.67 %, X2: 2.96 min, X3: 139.54 °C, and X4: 600.00 W. Moreover, over 79 secondary metabolites were tentatively identified, of which 12 compounds were reported for the first time in SF, including five phenolic (isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, scopoletin, caffeic acid 4-sulfate, and cinnamoyl glucose), two flavonoids (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone and naringenin), three phlorotannins (diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, dibenzodioxin-1,3,6,8-tetraol, and fucophlorethol), and two other compounds (dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxybenzofuran-2(3H)-one) being identified for the first time in optimized SF extract. These compounds may also be involved in improving the antioxidant potential of the extract. Therefore, optimized models can provide better estimates and predictive capabilities that would assist in finding new bioactive compounds with improved biological activities that can be further applied at a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Alshammari Fanar
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Alshammari F, Badrul Alam M, Naznin M, Kim S, Lee SH. Optimization of Portulaca oleracea L. extract using response surface methodology and artificial neuronal network and characterization of bioactive compound by high-resolution mass spectroscopy. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mohammadi M, Kharazian N. Untargeted metabolomics study and identification of potential biomarkers in the six sections of the genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) using HPLC-MQ-API-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:915-942. [PMID: 35670362 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genus Stachys L., belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is one of the largest genera with remarkable medicinal properties. Plants of this genus produce a broad range of secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVES Due to the incomplete comprehensive assessment of chemical profiles in Stachys species, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study and identified potential biomarkers in the six sections of Stachys with chemotaxonomic importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dried leaves of 17 taxa were utilized for analysis of all the constituents using HPLC-MQ-API-MS. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including heatmaps, PLS-DA score plots, functional analysis of metabolic pathways, metabolite set enrichment analysis, and biomarker and network analysis. RESULTS Among the 129 metabolites, 111 flavonoids and 18 non-flavonoids were recognized. The most represented flavonoids, including 41 flavones and 20 flavonols, displayed remarkable abundance. In non-flavonoid compounds, a total of six coumarins and six phenolic acids were present at high levels. In terms of approved markers in six sections, 76 chemical compounds, mainly flavonoids, coumarins, quinic acids, and cinnamic acids, were identified as potential biomarkers or chemotaxonomic indicators. Accordingly, the taxonomic complexities of some Stachys species in sections Fragilicaulis, Aucheriana, and Setifolia were properly resolved. CONCLUSION An HPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach integrated with multivariate statistical methods was employed to identify (1) valuable markers and analyze metabolic diversity and (2) predict the pharmaceutical properties of Stachys species. The obtained chemical profiles provide a new perspective for investigation of the Stachys genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Mohammadi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Navaz Kharazian
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Ameer K, Ameer S, Kim YM, Nadeem M, Park MK, Murtaza MA, Khan MA, Nasir MA, Mueen-ud-Din G, Mahmood S, Kausar T, Abubakar M. A Hybrid RSM-ANN-GA Approach on Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Bioactive Component-Rich Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Leaves Extract. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060883. [PMID: 35327305 PMCID: PMC8950805 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves consist of dietetically important diterpene steviol glycosides (SGs): stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside-A (Reb-A). ST and Reb-A are key sweetening compounds exhibiting a sweetening potential of 100 to 300 times more intense than that of table sucrose. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of SGs was optimized by effective process optimization techniques, such as response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) as a function of ethanol concentration (X1: 0–100%), sonication time (X2: 10–54 min), and leaf–solvent ratio (X3: 0.148–0.313 g·mL−1). The maximum target responses were obtained at optimum UAE conditions of 75% (X1), 43 min (X2), and 0.28 g·mL−1 (X3). ANN-GA as a potential alternative indicated superiority to RSM. UAE as a green technology proved superior to conventional maceration extraction (CME) with reduced resource consumption. Moreover, UAE resulted in a higher total extract yield (TEY) and SGs including Reb-A and ST yields as compared to those that were obtained by CME with a marked reduction in resource consumption and CO2 emission. The findings of the present study evidenced the significance of UAE as an ecofriendly extraction method for extracting SGs, and UAE scale-up could be employed for effectiveness on an industrial scale. These findings evidenced that the UAE is a high-efficiency extraction method with an improved statistical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ameer
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Saqib Ameer
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Adnan Nasir
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Chenab, G.T. Road, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering & Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan;
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