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Kurt-Celep I, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Sinan KI, Uba AI, Nilofar, Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Cakilcioglu U, Dall'Acqua S, Zengin G. Uncovering chemical profiles, biological potentials, and protection effect against ECM destruction in H 2 O 2 -treated HDF cells of the extracts of Stachys tundjeliensis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300528. [PMID: 37974540 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachys L., one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, is highly represented in Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the bio-pharmaceutical potential and phenolic contents of six different extracts from aerial parts of Stachys tundjeliensis. The obtained results showed that the ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the antioxidant assays. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract displayed strong inhibitory activity against α-tyrosinase, the dichloromethane extract exhibited potent inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase, and the n-hexane extract against α-amylase. Based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, more than 90 secondary metabolites, including hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and their glycosides, acylquinic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and various flavonoids were identified or tentatively annotated in the studied S. tundjeliensis extracts. It was observed that the application of S. tundjeliensis eliminated H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress. It was determined that protein levels of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and activator protein-1, which are activated in the nucleus, decreased, and the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 also decreased to basal levels. Overall, these findings suggest that S. tundjeliensis contains diverse bioactive compounds for the development of nutraceuticals or functional foods with potent biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Kurt-Celep
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilofar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Ugur Cakilcioglu
- Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Pertek, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Yan M, Xian X, Liang L, Zhou X, Xie W, Liang C. Two new glycosides from Stachys geobombycis C.Y.Wu. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:78-84. [PMID: 35876238 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds geobomlin A (1) and geobomlin B (2) were isolated from the roots of Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu. Structural determinations were established principally by two-dimensional NMR and MS data analyses. Geobomlin B showed moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 = 248.77 μM. We have also determined the mechanism by which geobomlin B elicit its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, for which we have established a competitive inhibition mode. Docking studies confirmed our results on geobomlin B α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Xian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
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Lemoui R, Picerno P, Benyahia S, Mencherini T, Vassallo A, Armentano MF, Noman L, Bouchama K, Rastrelli L, Aquino RP. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of a methanol extract from Stachys brachyclada de Noé ex Coss. leaves. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4261-4266. [PMID: 38042147 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Stachys brachyclada de Noé ex Coss. (Lamiaceae) is a quite rare medicinal plant endemic to the Mediterranean basin. In this study, seven secondary metabolites from a methanol extract of its leaves have been isolated and identified by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR experiments and ESIMS analysis). They include one ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (1), three acylated flavone glycosides (2-4), one diapigenin derivative (5) and two flavone aglycones (6-7). Stachysetin (5) was found the major compound of the extract (74.0 mg/g of dry matter). Moreover, the produced extract showed the ability in inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 = 13.7 µg/mL), in quenching the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (EC50 = 74.6 µg/mL), and in reducing the intracellular oxidative stress level in Human Dermal Fibroblast (64% inhibition at 50 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Lemoui
- Département de Physique et Chemique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Constantine, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques, Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
| | | | - Samira Benyahia
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Modélisation et Optimisation des Procèdes (LOMOP), Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algérie
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | | | - Labib Noman
- Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, 21 September University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Khaled Bouchama
- Ecology and Environment Department, Khenchela University, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Izumi Y, Kataoka H, Takada-Takatori Y, Koyama Y, Irie K, Akaike A, Kume T. Isolation and Purification of Harpagogenin as an Nrf2-ARE Activator from the Tubers of Chinese Artichoke (Stachys sieboldii). Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1576-1582. [PMID: 37914360 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Chinese artichoke tuber (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) is used as an herbal medicine as well as edible food. This study examined the effect of the Chinese artichoke extracts on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway that induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes to explore its novel characteristics. Hot water extracts exhibited relatively high ARE activity. ARE activity was observed in two fractions when the hot water extracts were separated in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid using HPLC. Conversely, the highly active fraction disappeared when the hot water extracts were separated in the absence of trifluoroacetic acid. These results indicate that acidic degradation produces active ingredients. The structural analysis of the two active fractions identified harpagide, which is an iridoid glucoside, and harpagogenin. In vitro experiments revealed that harpagide was converted into harpagogenin under acidic conditions and that harpagogenin, but not harpagide, had potent ARE activity. Therefore, this study identified harpagogenin, which is an acid hydrolysate of harpagide, as an ARE activator and suggests that Nrf2-ARE pathway activation by Chinese artichoke contributes to the antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Izumi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Harue Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | | | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Science, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | | | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Napolitano A, Di Napoli M, Castagliuolo G, Badalamenti N, Cicio A, Bruno M, Piacente S, Maresca V, Cianciullo P, Capasso L, Bontempo P, Varcamonti M, Basile A, Zanfardino A. The chemical composition of the aerial parts of Stachys spreitzenhoferi (Lamiaceae) growing in Kythira Island (Greece), and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative properties. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113373. [PMID: 35977603 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Stachys L. genus has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin inflammations, stomach disorders, and stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical profile and biological activity of the methanolic extract of Stachys spreitzenhoferi Heldr. (Lamiaceae) aerial parts, collected on the island of Kythira, South Greece. The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry [LC-(-)ESI/HRMSn] of the methanol extract revealed the occurrence of thirty-six compounds - flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, quinic acid derivatives, aliphatic alcohol glycosides, and oligosaccharides - highlighting the substantial presence, as main peaks, of the iridoid melittoside (2) along with flavonoid compounds such as 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein mono-acetyl-diglycoside/chrysoeriol mono-acetyl-diglycoside (24), trimethoxy- (35) and tetramethoxyflavones (36). This extract was tested for its antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and negative pathogenic strains. The extract was not active against Gram-negative bacteria tested, but it possessed a good dose-dependent antimicrobial activity towards S. aureus (MIC: 1.0 mg/mL) and L. monocytogenes (MIC: 1.0 mg/mL) Gram-(+) strains. Furthermore, this extract has been tested for its possible antioxidant activity in vitro. In particular, it has been shown that these molecules cause a decrease in DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals. The extract of S. spreitzenhoferi exhibited anti-DPPH activity (IC50: 0.17 mg/mL), anti-H2O2 activity (IC50: 0.125 mg/mL), and promising antiradical effect with an IC50 value of 0.18 mg/mL for anti-ABTS activity. S. spreitzenhoferi extract caused a decrease in ROS (at the concentration of 200 μg/mL) and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX in OZ-stimulated PMNs. Furthermore, it exhibited antiproliferative activity against acute myeloid leukemia (U937 cell), causing 50% of cell death at the 0.75 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Giusy Castagliuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Cicio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7,80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7,80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy.
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
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Mohammadi M, Kharazian N. Untargeted metabolomics study and identification of potential biomarkers in the six sections of the genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) using HPLC-MQ-API-MS/MS. Phytochem Anal 2022; 33:915-942. [PMID: 35670362 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genus Stachys L., belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is one of the largest genera with remarkable medicinal properties. Plants of this genus produce a broad range of secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVES Due to the incomplete comprehensive assessment of chemical profiles in Stachys species, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study and identified potential biomarkers in the six sections of Stachys with chemotaxonomic importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dried leaves of 17 taxa were utilized for analysis of all the constituents using HPLC-MQ-API-MS. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using multivariate statistical methods, including heatmaps, PLS-DA score plots, functional analysis of metabolic pathways, metabolite set enrichment analysis, and biomarker and network analysis. RESULTS Among the 129 metabolites, 111 flavonoids and 18 non-flavonoids were recognized. The most represented flavonoids, including 41 flavones and 20 flavonols, displayed remarkable abundance. In non-flavonoid compounds, a total of six coumarins and six phenolic acids were present at high levels. In terms of approved markers in six sections, 76 chemical compounds, mainly flavonoids, coumarins, quinic acids, and cinnamic acids, were identified as potential biomarkers or chemotaxonomic indicators. Accordingly, the taxonomic complexities of some Stachys species in sections Fragilicaulis, Aucheriana, and Setifolia were properly resolved. CONCLUSION An HPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach integrated with multivariate statistical methods was employed to identify (1) valuable markers and analyze metabolic diversity and (2) predict the pharmaceutical properties of Stachys species. The obtained chemical profiles provide a new perspective for investigation of the Stachys genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Mohammadi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Navaz Kharazian
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Moslemi Z, Bardania H, Gheitasi I, Barmoudeh Z, Omidifar N, Parvin H, Khalvati B, Fouani MH, Alipour M, Doustimotlagh AH. Liposome Extract of Stachys pilifera Benth Effectively Improved Liver Damage due to Bile Duct Ligation Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:8141563. [PMID: 34707781 PMCID: PMC8545598 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8141563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines harbor essential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cholestasis. In this study, we have assessed the anticholestatic potential of Stachys pilifera Benth's (SPB's) hydroalcoholic extract encapsulated into liposomes using bile duct ligation- (BDL-) induced hepatic cholestasis in rats. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol (T-SH) content, protein carbonyl (PCO), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels were measured in either liver tissue or plasma to assess liver damage. Moreover, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and liver fibrosis markers (TGF-β and SM-α) which are driving forces of many liver disorders was also determined. The activity of AST, ALT, and ALP was significantly enhanced in the BDL group in comparison to the control group; however, treatment with liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract significantly reduced AST and ALT's activity. Increases in MDA, TBIL, and NO levels and T-SH content due to BDL were restored to control levels by liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment. Similarly, hepatic and plasma oxidative marker MDA levels, significantly enhanced by BDL, were significantly decreased by liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment. Moreover, histopathological findings further demonstrated a significant decrease in hepatic damage in the liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract-treated BDL group. In addition, liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment decreased the liver expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and liver fibrosis markers (TGF-β and SM-α). Since liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment alleviated the BDL-induced injury of the liver and improved the hepatic structure and function more efficiently in comparison to free SPB hydroalcoholic extract, probable liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract exhibits required potential therapeutic value in protecting the liver against BDL-caused oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imamsajad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Izadpanah Gheitasi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Barmoudeh
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Parvin
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Fouani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Mariadoss AVA, Sathiyaseelan A, Veeraraghavan VP, Kim S, Wang MH. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities of ethyl acetate fraction of Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112374. [PMID: 34186120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work analysed the chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of solvent extract (SJ-ME) and fractions (SJ-HF, SJ-EAF, and SJ-MF) of the Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) (SJ). Furthermore, the effect of SJ-EAF in STZ induced type 2 diabetic mice was examined. Among the samples, SJ-EAF exhibited a lower IC50 concentration of 64.2 ± 0.48 μg/mL for DPPH and 82.6 ± 0.09 μg/mL for ABTS+. The SJ-EAF concentration of 2.89 ± 0.03 μg and 2.27 ± 0.98 μg was equivalent to 1 μg of acarbose mediated enzyme inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α -glucosidase, respectively. The SJ-EAF did not show cytotoxicity (<80%) to NIH3T3 nor HepG2 cells but enhanced the glucose uptake in the IR-HepG2. LC-MS/MS of SJ-EAF showed the presence of a total of 16 compounds. Among the identified compounds, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid showed high catalytic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The treatments of SJ-EAF restored the level of blood glucose, body weight, insulin, HDL and mRNA level of IRS1, GLUT2, GLUT4 and Akt whereas it reduced the excess elevation of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and creatinine in STZ induced diabetic mice. Overall, the present study concluded that the SJ-EAF exhibited promising antidiabetic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/toxicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/toxicity
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Protein Binding
- Stachys/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- alpha-Amylases/metabolism
- alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - SeongJung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Science, Kangwon National University. Samcheok-si, 24949, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JK, Lee JJ, Kim YK, Lee Y, Ha JH. Stachys sieboldii Miq. Root Attenuates Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Rats on a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072063. [PMID: 32664607 PMCID: PMC7400866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Stachys sieboldii Miq. root (SS) powder in rats following a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the following diets: a regular diet (RD), HFC, HFC supplemented with 3% SS (HFC + 3SS) or HFC supplemented with 5% SS (HFC + 5SS). Following an HFC diet increased body weight (BW) gain (p < 0.001) and the food efficiency ratio (FER; p < 0.001); however, SS consumption gradually prevented the HFC-induced BW gain (p < 0.001) and increase in FER (p < 0.01). The HFC diet resulted in increased liver size (p < 0.001) and total adipose tissue weight (p < 0.001), whereas the SS supplementation decreased hepatomegaly (p < 0.05) and body fat mass (p < 0.001). SS consumption prevented the increased activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; p < 0.01 in HFC + 5SS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p < 0.001 in HFC + 5SS) induced by the HFC diet (p < 0.001). The SS supplementation improved lipid profiles in the circulation by lowering triglyceride (TG; p < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC; p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C; p < 0.001) levels, as well as the atherogenic index (p < 0.01) and cardiac risk factor (p < 0.01). The lipid distribution in the liver (p < 0.05) and white adipose tissues (WAT; p < 0.001) of the HFC + SS diet-consuming rats was remarkably lower than that of the HFC diet-consuming rats. The average size of the epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the HFC + SS diet-fed rats than in the HFC diet-fed rats. The fecal lipid (>3% SS; p < 0.001) and cholesterol (5% SS; p < 0.001) efflux levels were significantly elevated by the SS supplementation compared to those measured in the RD or HFC diet-fed groups. In addition, the hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expressions were affected by SS consumption, as the hepatic anabolic gene expression (Acc; p < 0.001, Fas; p < 0.001 and G6pdh; p < 0.01) was significantly attenuated. The HFC + 5SS diet-fed rats exhibited elevated hepatic Cyp7a1 (p < 0.001), Hmgcr (p < 0.001) and Ldlr (p < 0.001) mRNA expression levels compared to the HFC diet-fed rats. These results suggest that SS may possess anti-adipogenic and lipid-lowering effects by enhancing lipid and cholesterol efflux in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-J.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Yeon-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (J.-J.L.); (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Youngseung Lee
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3476 (Y.L.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3476 (Y.L.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
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Jaradat N, Al-Maharik N. Fingerprinting, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cyclooxygenase and Metabolic Enzymes Inhibitory Characteristic Evaluations of Stachys viticina Boiss. Essential Oil. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213880. [PMID: 31661884 PMCID: PMC6864729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to assess the in-vitro, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, metabolic enzymes and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory properties of essential oil (EO) of Stachys viticina Boiss. leaves. The S. viticina EO was isolated and identified using microwave-ultrasonic and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Fifty-two compounds were identified, of which endo-borneol was the major component, followed by eucalyptol and epizonarene. The EO was evaluated against a panel of in-vitro bioassays. The EO displayed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Epidermophyton floccosum, with MIC values of 0.039, 0.078 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and Colo-205 (colon) cancer cell lines with percentages of inhibition of 95% and 90%, for EO concentrations of 1.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it showed metabolic enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) inhibitory (IC50 = 45.22 ± 1.1, 63.09 ± 0.26, 501.18 ± 0.38 µg/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 19.95 ± 2.08 µg/mL. Moreover, the S. viticina EO showed high cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively, similar to those of the positive control (the NSAID etodolac). Outcomes amassed from this investigation illustrate that S. viticina EO represents a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which can be further validated and explored clinically for its therapeutic potential and for the development and design of new natural therapeutic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Nawaf Al-Maharik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
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Iannuzzi AM, Camero CM, DʼAmbola M, DʼAngelo V, Amira S, Bader A, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Germanò MP. Antiangiogenic Iridoids from Stachys ocymastrum and Premna resinosa. Planta Med 2019; 85:1034-1039. [PMID: 30965376 DOI: 10.1055/a-0889-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside, 6β-acetoxyipolamiide (1: ), and thirteen (2: - 14: ) known congeners from two Lamiaceae species, Stachys ocymastrum and Premna resinosa, leaf extracts is reported. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was performed by mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as MS experiments. The isolates were assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, zebrafish embryos and chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. The compounds with a significant antiangiogenic activity in both assays were β-hydroxyipolamiide (2: ), ipolamiide (3: ), and buddlejoside A5 (8: ). 6-O-α-l-(3″-O-p-Methoxycinnamoyl-4″-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (13: ) and 6-O-α-l-(2″-trans-caffeoyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (6: ) showed the best antiangiogenic response on blood vessel growth in zebrafish embryos, whereas saccatoside (10: ) and 6-O-α-l-(2″-O - : p-methoxycinnamoyl-3″-O-acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (14: ) resulted in a strong reduction of capillary formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valeria DʼAngelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Smain Amira
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Setif, Setif, Algeria
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Shakeri A, D'Urso G, Taghizadeh SF, Piacente S, Norouzi S, Soheili V, Asili J, Salarbashi D. LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS and GC-MS profiling of Stachys parviflora L. and evaluation of its biological activities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:209-216. [PMID: 30825804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of some Stachys genus as herbal remedies is known and the aerial parts have a pharmaceutical interest, being used in Anatolia and Iran as wild tea. In this study, chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract and essential oil (EO) of Stachys parviflora L. (S. parviflora) were evaluated. Qualitative analysis of metabolites of S. parviflora methanolic extract was studied using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS), evidencing the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids derivatives. The EO was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eighty-seven compounds were characterized in the EO of S. parviflora, of which α-terpenyl acetate (23.6%), β-caryophyllene (16.8%), bicyclogermacrene (9.3%), spathulenol (4.9%) and α-pinene (4.2%) were found to be the major components. The highest antimicrobial effect of EO was found to S. aureus and B. cereus (MIC = 0.01 μg/ml), while the highest activity of extract was against B. cereus (MIC = 125 μg/ml). The methanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 = 76.87 μg/ml) and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay (BCB, IC50 = 188.47 μg/ml) methods. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against three cell lines namely human ovarian carcinoma (A2780), human colon carcinoma (HCT), and mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10), showed an anti-proliferative activity of the EO ranging from IC50 value 30.95 μg/ml to 16.55 μg/ml. The results from this study have demonstrated the promising cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of S. parviflora, which could have wide potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gilda D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n° 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n° 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Saeed Norouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Davoud Salarbashi
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran; Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Panahi Kokhdan E, Ahmadi K, Sadeghi H, Sadeghi H, Dadgary F, Danaei N, Aghamaali MR. Hepatoprotective effect of Stachys pilifera ethanol extract in carbon tetrachloride-induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1389-1393. [PMID: 28317417 PMCID: PMC6130664 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1302484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stachys pilifera Benth (Lamiaceae) has long been used to treat infectious diseases, respiratory and rheumatoid disorders in Iranian folk medicine. Antitumor and antioxidant activity of the plant have been reported. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Stachys pilifera in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into six equal groups (n = 7). Group I was treated with normal saline; Group II received CCl4 (1 mL/kg. i.p., twice a week) for 60 consecutive days; Groups III, IV and V were given CCl4 plus Stachys pilifera (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d,p.o.); Group VI received the extract (400 mg/kg/d, p.o.). Histopathological analysis and measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were performed. RESULTS CCl4 caused a significant increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and MDA as well as decreased ALB, and TP serum levels (p < 0.001). The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg/d) significantly normalized the CCl4-elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP and MDA (p < 0.001). The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg/d) also increased the serum levels of TP compared to CCl4 group (p< 0.01). The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg/d) also decreased the histological injuries (inflammation and fatty degeneration) by CCl4. DISCUSSION The results revealed that the Stachys pilifera extract could provide considerable protection against CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rats that may be related to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyomarth Ahmadi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fahemeh Dadgary
- School of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Danaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Barreto RSS, Quintans JSS, Amarante RKL, Nascimento TS, Amarante RS, Barreto AS, Pereira EWM, Duarte MC, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA, Zengin G, Aktumsek A, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Evidence for the involvement of TNF-α and IL-1β in the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiaceae) essential oil and (-)-α-bisabolol, its main compound, in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:9-18. [PMID: 27292196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in Turkey and Iranian folk medicine due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, but little is known about its essential oil. AIM OF THIS STUDY We studied the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of S. lavandulifolia essential oil (EOSl) and (-)-α-bisabolol (BIS), its main compound, in algogen-induced orofacial nociceptive behavior in mice, and assessed the possible involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in these profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of EOSl demonstrated the presence of (-)-α-bisabolol (56.4%), bicyclogermacrene (5.3%), δ-cadinene (4.2%) and spathulenol (2.9%) as the main compounds. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with EOSl (25 or 50mg/kg, p.o.), BIS (25 or 50mg/kg, p.o.), morphine (3mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline 0.9% with two drops of tween 80, 0.2%), before formalin- (20μl, 2%), capsaicin- (20μl, 2.5µg) or glutamate- (20μl, 25Mm) injection into the right upper lip (perinasal area) in mice. The anti-inflammatory profile of EOSl or BIS (50mg/kg) was assessed by the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan (2% in 0.2mL) in mice (pleurisy model). RESULTS Our results showed that p.o. treatment with EOSl and BIS displayed significant inhibitory (p<0.05 or p<0.01 or p<0.001) effects in different orofacial pain tests on mice, but BIS proved to be more effective, significantly reducing nociceptive behavior in all tests including both phases of the formalin test. The analgesic effect is not related to any abnormality since EOSl- or BIS-treated mice exhibited no performance alteration in grip strength. Moreover, EOS1 and BIS exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.001) in the pleurisy model of inflammation, which seems to be related to a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in BIS treatment, and of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p<0.01) in EOS1 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results corroborate the use of S. lavandulifolia in traditional medicine as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, which seems to be related to (-)-α-Bisabolol, the main compound of EOSl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana S S Barreto
- Department of Health Education (Lagarto Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ruthy K L Amarante
- Department of Health Education (Lagarto Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tainá S Nascimento
- Department of Health Education (Lagarto Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rosana S Amarante
- Department of Health Education (Lagarto Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Department of Health Education (Lagarto Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Erik W M Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Duarte
- Department of Pharmacy (São Cristóvão Campus), Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto or São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato-CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato-CE, Brazil
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Biglar M, Ardekani MRS, Khanavi M, Shafiee A, Rustaiyan A, Salimpour F, Farjadmand F. Comparison of the volatile composition of Stachys pubescence oils obtained by hydro distillation and steam distillation. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:942-6. [PMID: 26035946 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.942.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The oils obtained by hydrodistillation and steam distillation of the aerial part of Stachys pubescence Ten. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Water distilled essential oil of the aerial part of S. pubescence, was rich in fatty acids like hexadecanoic acid and linoleic acid and also benzaldehyde and spathulenol whereas the steam distilled oil of the plant contained hexadecanoic acid, spathulenol and eugenol. Both of oils were rich in fatty acids (36.6 and 27.9%, respectively). Moreover, the content of oxygenated mono and sesquiterpenss were defined higher in steam distilled oil than hydrodistiledd oil (24.5, 17.2 and 6.1, 15.5%, respectively). In conclusion it seems that oxygenated terpenoids were trended to steam distillation method more than hydrodistillation, respectively.
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Ruiu S, Anzani N, Orrù A, Floris C, Caboni P, Alcaro S, Maccioni E, Distinto S, Cottiglia F. Methoxyflavones from Stachys glutinosa with binding affinity to opioid receptors: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:69-76. [PMID: 25562563 DOI: 10.1021/np500671v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of Stachys glutinosa led to the isolation of four flavones, xanthomicrol (1), sideritoflavone (2), 8-methoxycirsilineol (3), and eupatilin (4), along with two neo-clerodane diterpenes, roseostachenone (8) and a new compound, 3α,4α-epoxyroseostachenol (7). In order to study structure-activity relationships, two methoxyflavones [5-demethyltangeretin (5) and tangeretin (6)] were synthesized by the methoxylation of xanthomicrol. The isolated compounds (1-4, 7, and 8) as well as the xanthomicrol semisynthetic derivatives (5 and 6) were evaluated for their binding affinity to the μ and δ opioid receptors. Xanthomicrol was the most potent binder to both μ and δ receptors, with a Ki value of 0.83 and 3.6 μM, respectively. Xanthomicrol administered intraperitoneally in mice at a dose of 80 mg/kg significantly reduced morphine-induced antinociception in the tail flick test. Our results suggested that xanthomicrol is a μ opioid receptor antagonist. Docking experiments were carried out to acquire a deeper understanding about important structural aspects of binding of xanthomicrol. In summary, these data suggest that xanthomicrol is a valuable structure for further development into a potential μ opioid receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ruiu
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, UOS of Cagliari, National Research Council, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico , Pula, Cagliari, Italy
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Tavakkoli M, Miri R, Jassbi AR, Erfani N, Asadollahi M, Ghasemi M, Saso L, Firuzi O. Carthamus, Salvia and Stachys species protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:1550-1557. [PMID: 25243877 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.908394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is of utmost importance for the aging population. Plants growing in Iran are rich sources of antioxidants and active phytochemicals. OBJECTIVE The protective capacity of plants, with a special focus on those with reported antioxidant or neuroprotective potential or nervous system-related applications in folk medicine, was tested against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial parts of 20 plants including Carthamus, Salvia, and Stachys species were extracted with 80% methanol and dichloromethane and preincubated with neuronal PC12 cells for 3 h. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced by hydrogen peroxide (75 µM, 1 h exposure). Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by MTT and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays, respectively, while apoptosis was determined by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining by a flow cytometer. RESULTS Eighty percent methanol extracts of Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb. (Asteraceae), Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. (Lamiaceae), and Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed significant neuroprotection in the MTT assay by 38.7, 34.7, and 39.5%, respectively, and inhibited intracellular ROS by 48.6, 61.9, and 61.4%, respectively. The first two extracts also significantly inhibited apoptosis. Dichloromethane extracts of C. oxyacantha and Stachys pilifera Benth. (Lamiaceae) at the concentration of 25 μg/ml showed neuroprotection by 27.5 and 26.5%, respectively, and inhibited ROS by 44.5 and 39.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The above-mentioned plants seem to have important biological activities and their further study may lead to the discovery of new natural therapeutics useful against disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Tavakkoli
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Kumar D, Bhat ZA. Apigenin 7-glucoside from Stachys tibetica Vatke and its anxiolytic effect in rats. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1010-1014. [PMID: 24462214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stachys tibetica Vatke (Himalayan or mountain tea) grows abundantly in the tropical and subtropical locations of the world including India, Tibet and China. The traditional healers of Kargil and adjoining areas in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir in India use the drug to treat fever, cough, phobias and various mental disorders etc. in the form of a decoction or as a tea. Flavonoids are important components in most herbal teas and play an important role in the management of various brain disorders via mimicking the action of benzodiazepines or through benzodiazepine receptors. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to isolate flavonoids from S. tibetica and to evaluate their anxiolytic potential in comparison to reference synthetic (diazepam) and natural (apigenin) molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. tibetica root powder was extracted with 95% methanol for about 72 h using a soxhlet apparatus and the resultant extract was subjected to isolation procedures, resulting in the isolation of apigenin 7-glucoside and characterisation by various physical and spectrometric analyses. Apigenin 7-glucoside was evaluated for anxiolytic activity in rats in comparison with the reference compounds diazepam and apigenin using the elevated plus maze (EPM) model. RESULTS Phytochemical investigations of S. tibetica revealed the presence of tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and carbohydrates. A flavonoid glucoside, apigenin 7-glucoside was isolated for the first time from the roots of S. tibetica Vatke. The percentage of time spent and arm entries in the open arms was increased while the arms entries and duration of time spent in closed arms were decreased in the groups treated with apigenin 7-glucoside (which dose). In a similar fashion, diazepam and apigenin also exhibited anxiolytic activity (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). Apigenin 7-glucoside significantly decreased the percentage of head dips in EPM. Apigenin 7-glucoside showed anxiolytic potential comparable to the reference drugs apigenin and diazepam. CONCLUSION Apigenin 7-glucoside could be an important molecule for the treatment of anxiety and further studies are required to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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Khanavi M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Amin G, Amanzadeh Y, Rustaiyan A, Shafiee A. Comparison of the Volatile Composition of Stachys persica Gmel. and Stachys byzantina C. Koch. Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 59:463-7. [PMID: 15813362 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2004-7-802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The oils obtained by hydrodistillation and steam distillation of the aerial parts of Stachys persica Gmel. and Stachys byzantina C. Koch grown in Iran were analyzed by GC/MS. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of S. persica was characterized by a high amount of non-terpenoid components of which methyllinoleate (27.7%), hexadecanoic acid (9.8%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.2%) were the major constituents, whereas the steam distilled oil of the plant contained hexadecanoic acid (27.2%), carvacrol (9.4%) and eugenol (5.2%).
Both hydrodistilled and steam distilled essential oils of the aerial parts of S. byzantina were rich in sesquiterpenes such as α-copaene (16.6% and 10.4%), spathulenol (16.1% and 18.5%) and β-caryophyllene (14.3% and 13.5%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Tundis R, Peruzzi L, Menichini F. Phytochemical and biological studies of Stachys species in relation to chemotaxonomy: a review. Phytochemistry 2014; 102:7-39. [PMID: 24661611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Stachys is comprised of about 300 species spread throughout the world, hence representing one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae. Several Stachys species have been exploited in traditional medicine as astringent, wound-healing, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-nephritic and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Stachys species are documented. Iridoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenoids are reported as secondary metabolites of different species of this genus. The aim of the present review is to summarize and to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Stachys species and to compile reports of chemical constituents isolated from the genus Stachys over the past decades, together with their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships. Diversity of chemical constituents is discussed in relationship with current Stachys infrageneric taxonomy, classification and relationships with systematically close genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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21
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Jassbi AR, Miri R, Asadollahi M, Javanmardi N, Firuzi O. Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of nine species of woundwort (Stachys) plants. Pharm Biol 2014; 52:62-67. [PMID: 24024974 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.810650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Woundwort (Stachys) plants from the Lamiaceae family have been used in folk medicine for various purposes. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to analyze cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Stachys plants, because these fields have extensively benefited of drug discovery from natural sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine Stachys plants were collected from different regions of Iran. Cytotoxic activities of methanol, 80% methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of these plants were assessed on three human cancer cell lines (HL-60, K562 and MCF-7 cells) with the MTT assay, while antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined on methanol extracts by DPPH and nutrient broth micro-dilution assays, respectively. RESULTS DCM extract of St. pilifera Benth. had the lowest IC₅₀ in three cancer cell lines ranging from 33.1 to 48.2 µg/ml, followed by the 80% methanol extract of St. persica S.G.Gmel. ex C.A.Mey. (IC₅₀ range: 62.1-104.1 µg/ml) and DCM extract of St. byzantina C. Koch (IC50 range: 62.7-131.0 µg/ml). St. byzantina. St. lavandulifolia Vahl., St. acerosa Boiss., St. obtusicrena Boiss. and St. persica showed lowest IC₅₀ values in the DPPH scavenging assay (135.1, 162.6, 164.7, 169.4 and 172.4 µg/ml, respectively), while their total phenolic contents were 23.9, 18.2, 18.6, 20.4, 27.8 mg equivalent of gallic acid in 1 g dry plant, respectively. The methanol extracts of St. byzantina and St. persica inhibited all six tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. CONCLUSION Various Stachys species (especially St. byzantina and St. persica) are valuable sources of natural compounds with important biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Erdogan EA, Everest A, De Martino L, Mancini E, Festa M, De Feo V. Chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic activity of the essential oils of Stachys rupestris and Salvia heldreichiana, two endemic plants of Turkey. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1637-1640. [PMID: 24427960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oils of two endemic plants of Turkey, Stachys rupestris Montbret et Aucher ex Benth. and Salvia heldreichiana Boiss. ex Benth., were obtained by hydrodistillation and studied by GC and GC-MS. In all, 46 compounds were identified, 22 for S. rupestris accounting for 94.6% of the total oil and 30 for S. heldreichiana, accounting for 91.9% of the total oil. The presence of diterpenoids (50.7%) characterized the oil from S. rupestris, while S. heldreichiana oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (78.9%).The essential oils were evaluated for their in vitro potential cytotoxic activity on three human cancer cell lines. The oil of S. rupestris showed the higher antiproliferative activity against PC-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ayşe Erdogan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy campus, 33342 Mezitli, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Everest
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy campus, 33342 Mezitli, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Emilia Mancini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Michela Festa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Venditti A, Bianco A, Nicoletti M, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Lupidi G, Vitali LA, Petrelli D, Papa F, Vittori S, Lucarini D, Maleci Bini L, Giuliani C, Maggi F. Phytochemical analysis, biological evaluation and micromorphological study of Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth. subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande endemic to central Apennines, Italy. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:94-103. [PMID: 23827382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stachys alopecuros subsp. divulsa (Lamiaceae), a perennial herb endemic to central Italy growing on mountain pastures, was investigated for the first time for the content of secondary metabolites, for the micromorphology and histochemistry of glandular trichomes, and for the biological activity of the volatile oil, namely cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial. The plant showed the molecular pattern of iridoids, among which a new iridoid diglycoside (4'-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-teuhircoside) was detected, together with a sterol glucoside and a phenylethanoid glycoside. The essential oil from the flowering aerial parts was characterized by a high proportion of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (65.1%), with (E)-caryophyllene (33.2%) as the most abundant, while other main components were germacrene D (7.6%), α-humulene (6.4%) and the oxygenated cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (10.2%). Taken together, polar and apolar chemical profiles support the classification of the species within the section Betonica of the genus Stachys. Micromorphological study revealed three types of glandular hairs secreting different classes of compounds, with type A peltate hairs producing the bulk of the essential oil. MTT assay revealed the potential of the volatile oil in inhibiting A375, HCT116 and MDA-MB 231 tumor cells (IC₅₀ values below 20 μg/ml).
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Işcan G, Demirci B, Demirci F, Göger F, Kirimer N, Köse YB, Can Başer KH. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Stachys lavandulifolia subsp. lavandulifolia essential oil and its infusion. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1241-1244. [PMID: 23074920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. subsp. lavandulifolia (Lamiaceae) is widely used in south Anatolia as a herbal tea. It is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. Constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed both by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. Thirty-seven compounds representing 98.3% of the oil were characterized. Beta-Phellandrene (27%), alpha-pinene (18.5%) and germacrene-D (13%) were found as major components of the oil. Anticandidal, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the oil and the prepared infusion were evaluated using several methods. The oil exhibited good inhibitory activity on Candida tropicalis (MIC 0.094 mg/mL). Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium growths were also inhibited by the oil at a concentration of 0.375 mg/mL. The prepared infusion of the flowering aerial parts showed weak antimicrobial effects against all the tested microorganisms, but demonstrated a remarkably radical scavenging activity (IC50: 3.9 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökalp Işcan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470-Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Masoudi S, Rustaiyan A, Mohebat R, Mosslemin MH. Composition of the essential oils and antibacterial activities of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha three Labiatae herbs growing wild in Iran. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:117-120. [PMID: 22428263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-distilled essential oils from leaves of Hymenocrater yazdianus Rech.f., flowers of Stachys obtusicrena Boiss., and stems and flowers of Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f., which are endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five components of the leaf oil of H. yazdianus were characterized, representing 95.1% of the total components detected. The major constituents were identified as 1,8-cineole (17.6%), beta-caryophyllene (13.9%), alpha-pinene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.4%). Germacrene-D (37.5%) and alpha-bisabolol (23.5%) were the main components among the twenty constituents characterized in the flower oil of S. obtusicrena, representing 90.8% of the total components detected. Thirty-five compounds representing 93.0% of the stem oil of N. asterotrica were identified among which terpinen-4-ol (22.8%) and gamma-terpinene (14.1%) were the major ones. The flower oil of the species was characterized by higher amounts of terpinen-4-ol (24.8%), 4a alpha, 7a beta-nepetalactone (18.2%) and 1,8-cineole (11.6%) among the thirty-three components comprising 98.5% of the total oil detected. The antibacterial activity of the stem, leaf and flower oils of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined using the MIC method. The growth inhibitory zone (mm) was also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Koutsaviti A, Milenković M, Tzakou O. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Greek endemic Stachys spruneri and its main component, isoabienol. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:277-280. [PMID: 21425694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of Stachys spruneri Boiss. (sample A and sample B) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. (+)-Isoabienol was the dominant component (49.5 and 48.2%, respectively of the total oils) among seventy-two identified constituents. Isoabienol was separated, purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography, and further identified by means ofphysicochemical and spectrometric analysis. The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the essential oil and its main metabolite, the labdane diterpene isoabienol, were determined using the broth microdilution method against eight laboratory strains of bacteria (Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram- negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two strains of the yeast Candida albicans. Both essential oil and isoabienol showed considerable activity against all the microorganisms tested, with the isolated compound being most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Koutsaviti
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zographou, 157 71 Athens, Greece
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Serbetçi T, Demirci B, Güzel CB, Kültür S, Ergüven M, Başer KHC. Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of two endemic Stachys cretica subspecies (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5:1369-1374. [PMID: 20922993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical compositions of the water-distilled essential oil of Stachys cretica ssp. lesbiaca Rech. fil. and S. cretica ssp. trapezuntica Rech. fil. were determined by GC and GC-MS. Altogether 63 compounds were identified. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, germacrene D (20.3% and 12.9% respectively) was the main component identified in both oils. Furthermore, ethanol, light petroleum, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts of the plants were tested for their antimicrobial activities against six bacterial strains and the yeast Candida albicans. The extracts exhibited no antibacterial activity, but the light petroleum and n-butanolic fractions showed low antifungal activities. Crude ethanolic extracts of the two subspecies were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of HL-60 and Ishikawa human tumor cell lines. The IC50 values were 100 microg/mL for the HL-60 cell line and 200 microg/mL for the Ishikawa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Serbetçi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Stachys menthifolia Vis. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species from the Balkan Peninsula spread throughout Albania, Greece, Montenegro, and Croatia. This article presents the first investigation of the essential oil composition of this species from Croatia. Aerial parts of the plant were collected from three different natural habitats in the region of Biokovo Mountain. The studied populations showed similarity in qualitative, but not in quantitative, composition of their essential oils. Hydrodistilled volatile oil obtained from the plant material of S. menthifolia was subjected to gas chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry. More than 100 compounds were identified in the three samples, representing 86.8-90.8% of the total oil. The terpene profile of S. menthifolia is characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (48.4-58.9%) and diterpene hydrocarbons (3.5-25.2%), with 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol (6.9-21.3%), abietatriene (3.5-21.1%), and 4'-methoxyacetophenone (4.5-17.0%) as the main constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Ćavar
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Giuliani C, Pellegrino RM, Tirillini B, Bini LM. Composition of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) gams (Labiatae) and related secretory structures. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:831-834. [PMID: 19634331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils from both leaves (L) and flowers (F) of Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Gams (Labiatae/Lamiaceae) from Italy were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The distribution, morphology and histochemistry of the different types of glandular trichomes present on the epidermal surface were also determined. Twenty-nine constituents, representing 89.4% of the total leaf oil, and forty-one compounds, forming 97.8% of the total flower oil, were identified. Germacrene D (39.4%), phytol (10.2%), beta-bourbonene (3.5%) and beta-ylangene (3.3%) were recognized as the main constituents of the leaf essential oil, while limonene (24.1%), beta-pinene (18.7%), germacrene D (12.8%) and (E)-nerolidol (6.6%) were the main compounds of the flower essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Vegetal Biology, University ofFlorence, via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Oztürk M, Duru ME, Aydoğmuş-Oztürk F, Harmandar M, Mahliçli M, Kolak U, Ulubelen A. GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys cretica subsp. smyrnaea. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:109-114. [PMID: 19370886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from the aerial parts of Stachys cretica L. subsp. smyrnaea Rech. fil. (Lamiaceae), endemic to Turkey, was investigated by using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-four of 37 components, represented 99.7% of the total oil, were identified. The major components of the essential oil were trans-beta-caryophyllene (51.0%), germacrene-D (32.8%), a-humulene (3.1%), delta-cadinene (2.1%) and delta-elemene (2.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil, trans-beta-caryophyllene and five different extracts of the aerial parts of S. cretica L. subsp. smyrnaea were investigated by the standard disc diffusion method. The essential oil and trans-beta-caryophyllene exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities. The activity increased with increasing concentrations of the essential oil and the extracts. The essential oil showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The extracts exhibited either moderate or no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oztürk
- Muğla University, Faculty ofArts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 48121 Muğla, Turkey.
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Abstract
From the aerial parts and roots of Stachys lanata, four new iridoid glucosides, stachysosides E-H (1-4), were isolated together with 30 known compounds. The structures and the stereo configurations of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-4 are esters of monomelittoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Murata
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Maleki-Dizaji N, Nazemiyeh H, Maddah N, Mehmani F, Garjani A. Screening of extracts and fractions from aerial parts of Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. for anti-inflammatory activities. Pak J Pharm Sci 2008; 21:338-343. [PMID: 18930852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. is a native plant widely distributed in Iran and belongs to family of Lamiaceae and genus of Stachys. The plant is used in Iranian folk medicine in infective, rheumatic and other inflammatory disorders. In the present study the anti-inflammatory properties of different extracts and components isolated from aerial parts of Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. were investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of hydroalcoholic extract 60 min before the induction of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema significantly reduced the maximal oedema response attained during 4 hr and the total oedema response. A low dose of chloroform extract (100 mg/Kg) caused significant inhibition of the carrageenan-induced inflammation, whereas a high dose of 400 mg/Kg produced a pro-inflammatory response. One of the ethyl acetate extract caused a potent and dose-related inhibition of inflammation. This extract was fractionated into 11 major fractions according to increasing polarity of solvent mixtures. These results suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Stachys schtschegleevii attenuate the inflammatory response. The compounds in different fractions have also been identified to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity through thin layer chromagoraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
The essential oil of the aerial parts of different stages of growth as pre-flowering, flowering and post flowering of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae) were isolated by hydro distillation. The chemical composition of volatile oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The main components were found to be: alpha-pinene) 27.25, 25.66, 8.52%), myrcene (17.33, 9.33, 23.85%), beta-phellandrene (21.96, 37.49, 12.58%), beta-caryophylene (14.3, 8.38, 16.86%).
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Abstract
The iridoidic composition of Stachys glutinosa L. was examined in comparison with the results obtained in the phytochemical studies on S. corsica Pers. The presence of the known harpagide and acetyl-harpagide were showed together with that of a new di-glycosidic iridoid. The structure of this new compound, the 5-allosyloxy-aucubin, was demonstrated by comparison with the spectroscopical data of monomelittoside and of its 5-O-glucosyl-derivative, the melittoside. The presence of allose in Stachys genus seems to be a chemotaxonomical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Serrilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Chen HX, Shen SL, Han FM, Chen Y. [HPLC-ESI/MS analysis of stachydrine and its metabolites in rat urine]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2006; 41:467-70. [PMID: 16848326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the main metabolites of stachydrine in rat. METHODS The ionization, cleavage and chromatographic characteristics of stachydrine were studied by using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) for the first time. These characteristics of stachydrine were used as the basis for the analyses of metabolites in rat urine. The 0 - 24 h urine samples of rats after ig 25 mg x kg(-1) stachydrine were collected and purified by using C10 solid-phase extraction cartridge, and then analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS to identify stachydrine and its metabolites. RESULTS The parent drug (stachydrine), 6 phase I metabolites (N-demethyl, dehydrogenation, ring-oxidation) and 2 phase II metabolites (glycine conjugates of 2 ring-oxidation products) were identified existing in rat urine. CONCLUSION The presented method was proved to be sensitive, rapid, high selective and specific for the identification of stachydrine and its metabolites in rat urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Xia Chen
- Hubei Province Key Lab of Bio-Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Amirghofran Z, Bahmani M, Azadmehr A, Javidnia K. Anticancer effects of various Iranian native medicinal plants on human tumor cell lines. Neoplasma 2006; 53:428-33. [PMID: 17013538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study the antineoplastic activity of methanolic extracts of six medicinal plants that are native to Iran, including Galium mite, Ferulago angulata, Stachys obtusicrena, Cirsium bracteosum and Echinophora cinerea was investigated. Different tumor cell lines were exposed to the extracts and cytotoxic analysis using MTT colorimetric assay was performed. Quantification of percentage of cells undergoing apoptotic changes by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis on sensitive cell lines was then carried out. Results obtained indicated that almost all of the extracts more or less had the capacity to decrease the proliferation of tumor cells. Among the plants, the highest activity against K562 leukemia cell line was found for E. cinerea and C. bracteosum with IC50 less than 20 microg/ml followed by G. mite with IC50 of 39.8 microg/ml. F. angulata and E. cinerea, mostly inhibited Jurkat cells proliferation (IC50 less than 8 microg/ml). Fifty percent inhibition of Fen bladder cell carcinoma due to exposure to F. angulata and E. cinerea was found at concentrations of nearly 180 microg/ml. A549, a lung carcinoma cell, was mostly affected by S. obtusicrena (IC50 more than 200 microg/ml). In flow cytometry analysis, C. bracteosum, E. cinerea, F. angulata and S. obtusicrena extracts demonstrated no remarkable effects on the cell cycle profile of K562 and Jurkat cells. Moreover, in DNA fragmentation analysis of treated cells, no ladder formation was detected. In contrary, G. mite caused more than 40% apoptosis in the K562 and Jurkat cells. In DNA fragmentation analysis G. mite extract produced ladder formation in these cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that the extracts used in this study have anti tumor activity particularly against the leukemia cell lines and that apoptosis is the possible cause of cell death observed due to the extract of G. mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Amirghofran
- Immunology Department and Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, 71345-1798 Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
Methanol extracts of aerial flowering parts of four endemic Stachys taxa: S. anisochila VIS. et PANCIC, S. beckeana DORFLER & HAYEK, S. plumosa GRISEB. and S. alpina L. ssp. dinarica MURB. were investigated on their antioxidant activity. The extracts were studied for total antioxidant activity (TAA), along with 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and OH radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation (LP). High correlations between total phenolics content, TAA and scavenging DPPH radical indicate that polyphenols are the main antioxidants. All Stachys extracts, with the exception of S. plumosa, exhibited high anti-DPPH activity (IC50<50 microg/ml). In concentration range from 6.25 to 50 microg/ml, all extracts scavenged OH radical above 40%, with maximal inhibitions for S. anisochila, S. alpina ssp. dinarica and S. beckeana extracts of 50.22%, 50.94% and 64.97%, respectively. Only S. plumosa extract achieved maximal activity of 60.67% at 100 microg/ml. As for LP, IC50 values for S. beckeana and S. alpina ssp. dinarica extracts were 25.07 and 49.00 microg/ml, respectively, while S. anisochila and S. plumosa extracts did not reach 50% of LP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kukić
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade University, Serbia and Montenegro
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38
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Abstract
Phytochemical investigations of the whole plant of Stachys parviflora (Lamiaceae) resulted in the isolation of two new phenethyl alcohol glycosides. The structures of the new compounds named parviflorosides A and B were established as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-4-O-E-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-6-O-E-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), respectively. The structure elucidation of the new compounds was based primarily on 1D and 2D NMR analysis, including COSY, HMBC and HMQC correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viqar Uddin Ahmad
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
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39
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Abstract
The antioxidant activities of four Lamiaceae plants, Salvia viridis L., Salvia multicaulis Vahl, Stachys byzantina C. Koch and Eremostachys laciniata (L.) Bunge have been determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as by flow injection analysis-luminol chemiluminescence (FIA-CL). All extracts were shown to possess a significant scavenger activity against DPPH free radical and an inhibitory effect on H2O2- or HOCl-luminol chemiluminescence. The extracts scavenged 50% of DPPH radical ranging in the following descending order: Salvia viridis > Stachys byzantina > Salvia multicaulis > Eremostachys laciniata. The most potent extract on H2O2-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Salvia viridis and on HOCl-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Stachys byzantina. The results concluded that the extracts have a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgun Erdemoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Delazar A, Celik S, Göktürk RS, Unal O, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Two acylated flavonoid glycosides from Stachys bombycina, and their free radical scavenging activity. Pharmazie 2005; 60:878-80. [PMID: 16320954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Preparative reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Stachys bombycina (Lamiaceae) afforded two acylated flavonoids glycosides, chrysoeriol 7-O-[6-O-acetyl-beta-D-allopyranosyl]-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and apigenin 7-O-beta-D-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (2), the former being a new natural product. The structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by UV spectroscopic analyses using shift reagents, ESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The free radical scavenging activity of 1 and 2 compounds were assessed by DPPH assay, and the RC50 values were 1.25 x 10(-2) and 7.69 x 10(-4) mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delazar
- School of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Abstract
Two flavonoid glycosides containing acetylated allose, and two iridoid glucosides were obtained from a EtOH extract of Stachys corsica, an endemic plant of Sardinia and Corsica. All the compounds have previously been isolated from other species of Stachys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Serrilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5. 00185. Roma, Italy.
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42
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Abstract
The effect of aqueous extract of Stachys riederi var. japonica Miq. (Labiatae) (SRAE) on the mast cell-mediated allergic and inflammatory reactions were investigated. SRAE inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. SRAE dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. SRAE also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, SRAE inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1 cells). These results provide evidences that SRAE may be beneficial in the treatment of acute and chronic allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
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Muntean D, Vari CE, Imre S, Dogaru MT. [Qualitative determination of flavonoids and phenol-carboxylic acids of indigene Stachys species using HPLC method]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2004; 108:712-7. [PMID: 15833004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Indigene Stachys species have a high content in interesting compounds as iridoids, but also high quantities of flavonoids and phenol-carboxylic acids. These compounds present vasorelaxing effect on smooth vascular muscle interfering with metabolic degradation of nitric oxide pathways (inhibition of peroxynitrites formation) and by inhibition of phosphodiesterase. This work shows flavonoids spectrum of 3 Stachys species using HPLC methods. We identified quercetol, rutoside, miricetin and phenol-carboxylic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Muntean
- Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Târgu-Mureş, Facultatea de Farmacie, Disciplina de Controlul medicamentelor
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Marin PD, Grayer RJ, Grujic-Jovanovic S, Kite GC, Veitch NC. Glycosides of tricetin methyl ethers as chemosystematic markers in Stachys subgenus Betonica. Phytochemistry 2004; 65:1247-1253. [PMID: 15184009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nine species from the genus Stachys L. representing subgenera Stachys and Betonica were surveyed for flavonoid glycosides by means of HPLC coupled to diode-array detection and LC-APCI-MS. Those species belonging to subgenus Betonica were characterised by the presence of glycosides of tricetin methyl ethers, including a new derivative, which was isolated from S. scardica Griseb. and identified as tricetin 3',4',5' -trimethyl ether 7-O-beta-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic methods. This type of flavonoid was absent from species belonging to subgenus Stachys and can be considered as a chemosystematic marker for subgenus Betonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar D Marin
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
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Rabbani M, Sajjadi SE, Zarei HR. Anxiolytic effects of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl on the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 89:271-276. [PMID: 14611891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interest in alternative medicine and plant-derived medications that affect the "mind" is growing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Stachys lavanduifolia Vahl on the elevated plus-maze (EPM) model of anxiety. The Stachys lavandulifolia extract or its essential oil was administered intraperitoneally to male TO mice, at various doses, 30 min before the behavioral evaluation. The extract of Stachys lavandulifolia at the dose of 100 mg/kg increased the percentage of time spent and the percentage of arm entries in the open arms of the EPM and decreased the percentage of time spent and the percentage of arm entries in the closed arms of the EPM. The plant extract at doses lower than 100 mg/kg had no significant effects on any of the parameters measured on the EPM. This dose of the plant extract prolonged the ketamine-induced sleeping time, and decreased the locomotor activity in mice. These results suggested that the extract of Stachys lavandulifolia possessed anxiolytic effect with relatively lower sedative activity than diazepam. The essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia, however, at doses of up to 100 mg/kg did not have any significant effects on the mice behaviour on the EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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46
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Abstract
The volatile composition of eight Stachys species has been studied. The investigated taxa were St. alopecuros (L.) Bentham., St. scardica (Griseb.) Hayek, St. cretica L. ssp. cretica, St. germanica L. ssp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Hayek, St. recta L., St. spinulosa L., St. euboica Rech. and St. menthifolia Vis., growing wild in Greece. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and their analyses were performed by GC and GC-MS. Identification of the substances was made by comparison of mass spectra and retention indices with literature records. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were shown to be the main group of constituents of all taxa. Furthermore, the obtained essential oils were tested against the following six bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35210), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 10907), Bacillus cereus (clinical isolates), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 10240), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 2228), as well as against the following five fungi: Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275), Penicillium ochrochloron (ATCC 9112), Epidermophyton floccosum (clinical isolates), Candida albicans (clinical isolates) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (clinical isolates). The tested essential oils showed better activity against bacterial species than against fungi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant strain, as none of the essential oils was active against this strain. The essential oil of St. scardica has been proven most active against both bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen D Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, GR-157 71, Athens, Greece.
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