1
|
Verrillo M, Cianciullo P, Cozzolino V, De Ruberto F, Maresca V, Di Fraia A, Fusaro L, Manes F, Basile A. Oxidative Stress Response Mechanisms Sustain the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus ilex. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1154. [PMID: 38674563 PMCID: PMC11055132 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of new natural antibiotics is considered as the heart of several investigations in the nutraceutical field. In this work, leaves of Quercus ilex L. treated by tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, exhibited a clear antimicrobial efficacy against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (two gram-positive and three gram-negative). Under controlled conditions, it was studied how simulated N deposition influences the response to O3 and the antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and antioxidant performance. The extraction was performed by ultra-pure acetone using two different steps. A higher antioxidant activity was measured in the presence of interaction between O3 and N treatments on Quercus leaves. At the same time, all organic extracts tested have shown bacteriostatic activity against all the tested strains with a MIC comprised between 9 and 4 micrograms/mL, and a higher antioxidant efficacy shown by spectrophotometric assay. Stronger antimicrobial activity was found in the samples treated with O3, whereas N-treated plants exhibited an intermediate antibacterial performance. This performance is related to the stimulation of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system induced by the oxidative stress, which results in an increase in the production of antimicrobial bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Cianciullo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), University of Naples “Federico II”, Piazza Carlo di Borbone 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Alessia Di Fraia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Lina Fusaro
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fausto Manes
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University Federico II Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (P.C.); (V.M.); (A.D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Badalamenti N, Salbitani G, Cianciullo P, Bossa R, De Ruberto F, Greco V, Basile A, Maresca V, Bruno M, Carfagna S. Chemical Composition of Salvia fruticosa Mill. Essential Oil and Its Protective Effects on Both Photosynthetic Damage and Oxidative Stress in Conocephalum conicum L. Induced by Environmental Heavy Metal Concentrations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1990. [PMID: 38001843 PMCID: PMC10669765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Salvia L., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, contains more than 900 species distributed in various parts of the world. It is a genus containing aromatic plants used both in the culinary field and above all in the cosmetic area to produce several perfumes. Salvia fruticosa Mill., notoriously known as Greek Salvia, is a plant used since ancient times in traditional medicine, but today cultivated and used in various parts of Europe and Africa. Polar and apolar extracts of this plant confirmed the presence of several metabolites such as abietane and labdane diterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and some flavonoids, causing interesting properties such as sedative, carminative, and antiseptic, while its essential oils (EOs) are mainly characterized by compounds such as 1,8-cineole and camphor. The aim of this work concerns the chemical analysis by GC and GC-MS, and the investigation of the biological properties, of the EO of S. fruticosa plants collected in eastern Sicily. The gas-chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of 1,8-cineole (17.38%) and camphor (12.81%), but at the same time, also moderate amounts of α-terpineol (6.74%), β-myrcene (9.07%), camphene (8.66%), β-pinene (6.55%), and α-pinene (6.45%). To study the protective effect of EOs from S. fruticosa (both the total mixture and the individual compounds) on possible damage induced by heavy metals, an in vitro system was used in which a model organism, the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, was subjected to the effect of a mix of heavy metals (HM) prepared using values of concentrations actually measured in one of the most polluted watercourses of the Campania region, the Regi Lagni. Finally, the antioxidant response and the photosynthetic damage were examined. The exogenous application of the EO yields a resumption of the oxidative stress induced by HM, as demonstrated by the reduction in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) content and by the increased activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Furthermore, plants treated with HMs and EO showed a higher Fv/Fm (maximal quantum efficiency of PSII in the dark) with respect to HMs-only treated ones. These results clearly indicate the protective capacity of the EO of S. fruticosa against oxidative stress, which is achieved at least in part by modulating the redox state through the antioxidant pathway and on photosynthetic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natale Badalamenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (M.B.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Salbitani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Piergiorgio Cianciullo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Bossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Valeria Greco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (M.B.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (P.C.); (R.B.); (V.G.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salbitani G, Maresca V, Cianciullo P, Bossa R, Carfagna S, Basile A. Non-Protein Thiol Compounds and Antioxidant Responses Involved in Bryophyte Heavy-Metal Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065302. [PMID: 36982378 PMCID: PMC10049163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution represents a problem which has been widely discussed in recent years. The biological effects of heavy metals have been studied in both animals and plants, ranging from oxidative stress to genotoxicity. Plants, above all metal-tolerant species, have evolved a wide spectrum of strategies to counteract exposure to toxic metal concentrations. Among these strategies, the chelation and vacuolar sequestration of heavy metals are, after cell-wall immobilization, the first line of defence that prevent heavy metals from interacting with cell components. Furthermore, bryophytes activate a series of antioxidant non-enzymatic and enzymatic responses to counteract the effects of heavy metal in the cellular compartments. In this review, the role of non-protein thiol compounds and antioxidant molecules in bryophytes will be discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Napolitano A, Di Napoli M, Castagliuolo G, Badalamenti N, Cicio A, Bruno M, Piacente S, Maresca V, Cianciullo P, Capasso L, Bontempo P, Varcamonti M, Basile A, Zanfardino A. The chemical composition of the aerial parts of Stachys spreitzenhoferi (Lamiaceae) growing in Kythira Island (Greece), and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative properties. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113373. [PMID: 35977603 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Stachys L. genus has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin inflammations, stomach disorders, and stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical profile and biological activity of the methanolic extract of Stachys spreitzenhoferi Heldr. (Lamiaceae) aerial parts, collected on the island of Kythira, South Greece. The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry [LC-(-)ESI/HRMSn] of the methanol extract revealed the occurrence of thirty-six compounds - flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, quinic acid derivatives, aliphatic alcohol glycosides, and oligosaccharides - highlighting the substantial presence, as main peaks, of the iridoid melittoside (2) along with flavonoid compounds such as 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein mono-acetyl-diglycoside/chrysoeriol mono-acetyl-diglycoside (24), trimethoxy- (35) and tetramethoxyflavones (36). This extract was tested for its antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and negative pathogenic strains. The extract was not active against Gram-negative bacteria tested, but it possessed a good dose-dependent antimicrobial activity towards S. aureus (MIC: 1.0 mg/mL) and L. monocytogenes (MIC: 1.0 mg/mL) Gram-(+) strains. Furthermore, this extract has been tested for its possible antioxidant activity in vitro. In particular, it has been shown that these molecules cause a decrease in DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals. The extract of S. spreitzenhoferi exhibited anti-DPPH activity (IC50: 0.17 mg/mL), anti-H2O2 activity (IC50: 0.125 mg/mL), and promising antiradical effect with an IC50 value of 0.18 mg/mL for anti-ABTS activity. S. spreitzenhoferi extract caused a decrease in ROS (at the concentration of 200 μg/mL) and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX in OZ-stimulated PMNs. Furthermore, it exhibited antiproliferative activity against acute myeloid leukemia (U937 cell), causing 50% of cell death at the 0.75 mg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Napolitano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Giusy Castagliuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Cicio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, 84084, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7,80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7,80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy.
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maresca V, Salbitani G, Moccia F, Cianciullo P, Carraturo F, Sorbo S, Insolvibile M, Carfagna S, Panzella L, Basile A. Antioxidant response to heavy metal pollution of Regi Lagni freshwater in Conocephalum conicum L. (Dum.). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 234:113365. [PMID: 35259593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conocephalum conicum L. is a cosmopolitan liverwort species able to respond to local environmental pollution by changing its biological features. In the present study, we assessed the different biological responses in C. conicum to heavy metal contamination of Regi Lagni channels, a highly polluted freshwater body. As for the in field experiment, we set up moss bags containing collected samples of the local wild growing C. conicum, from the upstream site (non-polluted area), and we exposed them in the three selected sites characterized by different and extreme conditions of heavy metal pollution. In addition, to better understand the contribution of heavy metals to the alterations and response of the liverwort, we performed in vitro tests, using the same concentration of heavy metals measured in the sites at the moment of the exposition. In both experimental settings, bioaccumulation, ultrastructural damage, reactive oxygen species production and localization, antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferases), glutathione (reduced and oxidized) levels, localization of compounds presenting thiol groups and phenolic content were investigated. The results showed that the samples from different sites and conditions (for in vitro tests) showed significant differences. In particular, the ultrastructural alterations show a trend correlated to the different exposure situations; ROS contents, glutathione, antioxidant enzyme activities, and phenolic contents were increased showing an enhancement of the antioxidant defense both by the enzymatic way and by using the synthesis of antioxidant phenolic compounds. This study confirms the ability of C. conicum to respond to heavy metal pollution and the responses studied are, at least partially, correlated to the presence of heavy metals. All the responses considered respond consistently with the pollution trend and they can be proposed as pollution biomarkers. Therefore, we suggest the use of C. conicum to identify local hot spots of pollution in further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sergio Sorbo
- CeSMA, section of Microscopy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Insolvibile
- ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maresca V, Bellini E, Landi S, Capasso G, Cianciullo P, Carraturo F, Pirintsos S, Sorbo S, Sanità di Toppi L, Esposito S, Basile A. Biological responses to heavy metal stress in the moss Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 229:113078. [PMID: 34929502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leptodictyum riparium, a widely distributed aquatic moss, can both tolerate and accumulate very high concentrations of toxic heavy metals, with only slight apparent damage. Here we report the effects on photosynthetic yield, glutathione (GSH), phytochelatin (PCn) synthesis, nitrogen metabolism and cellular localization of molecules rich in SH groups in L. riparium exposed in vitro to heavy metals. We simulated the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb detected in Regi Lagni, Italy, one of the most contaminated freshwater sites in Southern Europe, in the laboratory to test how the moss responds to heavy metal contamination. There was a steady decrease of photosynthetic efficiency correlated with the heavy metal concentrations and ultrastructural organization. All PCn levels increased significantly as the concentration of heavy metals increased, while the GSH levels did not appear to be particularly affected. A significant increase of GDH and NADH-GOGAT activities increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. Immunoblotting analysis revealed an increase of the chl-GS2 while no significant increase was detected in the cyt-GS1. These results give insight into the molecular events underlying the metal-tolerance of the aquatic moss L. riparium exposed to environmental heavy metal concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Bellini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Capasso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Stergios Pirintsos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece; Botanical Garden, University of Crete, 741 00 Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- CeSMA, Microscopy Section, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Badalamenti N, Russi S, Bruno M, Maresca V, Vaglica A, Ilardi V, Zanfardino A, Di Napoli M, Varcamonti M, Cianciullo P, Calice G, Laurino S, Falco G, Basile A. Dihydrophenanthrenes from a Sicilian Accession of Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge Showed Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiproliferative Activities. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122776. [PMID: 34961247 PMCID: PMC8708532 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The peculiar aspect that emerges from the study of Orchidaceae is the presence of various molecules, which are particularly interesting for pharmaceutical chemistry due to their wide range of biological resources. The aim of our study was to investigate the properties of two dihydrophenanthrenes, isolated, for the first time, from Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge (Orchidaceae) bulbs and roots. Chemical and spectroscopic study of the bulbs and roots of Himantoglossumrobertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge resulted in the isolation of two known dihydrophenanthrenes-loroglossol and hircinol-never isolated from this plant species. The structures were evaluated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and two-dimensional spectra, and by comparison with the literature. These two molecules have been tested for their possible antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activities. In particular, it has been shown that these molecules cause an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN); show antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and have anti-proliferative effects on gastric cancer cell lines, inducing apoptosis effects. Therefore, these two molecules could be considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.V.); (V.I.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (V.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-081-2538508 (V.M.)
| | - Sabino Russi
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.V.); (V.I.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (V.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-081-2538508 (V.M.)
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.V.); (V.I.)
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.B.); (A.V.); (V.I.)
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Di Napoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Piergiorgio Cianciullo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Calice
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (V.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-081-2538508 (V.M.)
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.Z.); (M.D.N.); (M.V.); (P.C.); (G.F.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Esposito S, Loppi S, Monaci F, Paoli L, Vannini A, Sorbo S, Maresca V, Fusaro L, Asadi Karam E, Lentini M, De Lillo A, Conte B, Cianciullo P, Basile A. In-field and in-vitro study of the moss Leptodictyum riparium as bioindicator of toxic metal pollution in the aquatic environment: Ultrastructural damage, oxidative stress and HSP70 induction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195717. [PMID: 29649272 PMCID: PMC5896978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of toxic metal pollution in the highly contaminated Sarno River (South Italy), by using the aquatic moss Leptodictyum riparium in bags at 3 representative sites of the river. Biological effects were assessed by metal bioaccumulation, ultrastructural changes, oxidative stress, as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, as well as Heat Shock Proteins 70 (HSP70s) induction. The results showed that L. riparium is a valuable bioindicator for toxic metal pollution of water ecosystem, accumulating different amounts of toxic metals from the aquatic environment. Toxic metal pollution caused severe ultrastructural damage, as well as increased ROS production and induction of GST and HSP70s, in the samples exposed at the polluted sites. To assess the role and the effect of toxic metals on L. riparium, were also cultured in vitro with Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn at the same concentrations as measured at the 3 sites. Ultrastructure, ROS, GST, and HSP70s resulted severely affected by toxic metals. Based on our findings, we confirm L. riparium as a model organism in freshwater biomonitoring surveys, and GST and HSP70s as promising biomarkers of metal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Section of Microscopy, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Elham Asadi Karam
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marco Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Conte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guercia C, Cianciullo P, Porte C. Analysis of testosterone fatty acid esters in the digestive gland of mussels by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Steroids 2017; 123:67-72. [PMID: 28502861 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that up to 70% of the total steroids detected in molluscs are in the esterified form and that pollutants, by modifying the esterification of steroids with fatty acids, might act as endocrine disrupters. However, despite the strong physiological significance of this process, there is almost no information on which fatty acids form the steroid esters and how this process is modulated. This study (a) investigates the formation of fatty acid esters of testosterone in digestive gland microsomal fractions of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis incubated with either palmitoly-CoA or CoA and ATP, and (b) assesses whether the endocrine disruptor tributyltin (TBT) interferes with the esterification of testosterone. Analysis of testosterone esters was performed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). When microsomal fractions were incubated with testosterone and palmitoly-CoA, the formation of testosterone palmitate was detected. However, when microsomes were incubated with CoA and ATP, and no exogenous activated fatty acid was added, the synthesis of 16:0, 16:1, 20:5 and 22:6 testosterone esters was observed. The presence of 100µM TBT in the incubation mixture did not significantly alter the esterification of testosterone. These results evidence the conjugation of testosterone with the most abundant fatty acids in the digestive gland microsomal fraction of mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Guercia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cinta Porte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basile A, Sorbo S, Cardi M, Lentini M, Castiglia D, Cianciullo P, Conte B, Loppi S, Esposito S. Effects of heavy metals on ultrastructure and Hsp70 induction in Lemna minor L. exposed to water along the Sarno River, Italy. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 114:93-101. [PMID: 25618632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of freshwater pollution in the highly contaminated river Sarno (Campania, Southern Italy) have been evaluated using bags containing the aquatic plant Lemna minor (Lemnacee, Arales), in order to determine morpho-physiological modifications as a response to pollutants. The exposition of Lemna bags for 7 days on three different sites along the river path showed alterations in chloroplasts and vacuoles shape and organization. Moreover, some specimens were exposed in vitro at the same heavy metal (HM) concentrations measured in the polluted sites of the river, and compared with data from the bag experiment; to verify the dose and time dependent effects, samples were exposed to HM in vitro at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-4)M up to 7 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations on in vitro plants confirmed that ultrastructural alterations affected most of plastids and the shape of different subcellular structures, namely vacuoles; in in vitro stressed specimens, Heat Shock Proteins 70 (Hsp70) levels changed, in dependence of changing levels of HM measured in different sites along the river path. Thus L. minor exhibited a possible correlation between the levels of HM pollution and Hsp70 occurrence; interestingly, the data presented showed that copper specifically increased Hsp70 levels at concentrations detected in polluted river waters, whereas cadmium and lead did not; on the other side, the latter represent highly toxic elements when specimens were exposed to higher levels in vitro. The effects of specific elements in vitro are compared to those observed in bags exposed along the river path; thus results are examined in order to propose L. minor as an organism able to be utilized to monitor heavy metals pollution; the possibility of using Hsp70s as specific markers of HM pollution is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - S Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Microscopy Section, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, I-80139 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Cardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - M Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - D Castiglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources - CNR - UOS Portici - Via Università 133, I-80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - P Cianciullo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - B Conte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio - Via Port'Arsa 11 - 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - S Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I- 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
| |
Collapse
|