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Chen Y, Han Y, Tong H. Amino acids and flavonoids analysis reveals quality constituents difference among different albino tea resources. Food Chem 2024; 449:139200. [PMID: 38574523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Albino tea has attracted increased attention due to its unique flavor. To reveal the difference in key metabolites constituting the important quality of different tea resources, amino acids and flavonoids profiles in three albino resources with different degrees of albinism and one normal green variety were comprehensively investigated. K-means analysis revealed 35 amino acids were significantly enriched in 'Jibai', while 3 and 2 were specifically accumulated in 'Huangjinya' and 'Anjibaicha', respectively. Based on OPLS-DA models, 40, 31 and 45 significantly differential flavonoids were determined in 'Huangjinya', 'Anjibaicha' and 'Jibai' compared to 'Fudingdabaicha', and most were down-regulated. Among them, 10, 5 and 13 differential flavonoids were exclusively found in 'Huangjinya', 'Anjibaicha' and 'Jibai', respectively, which may contribute to unique quality for different resources. The differential flavonoids and amino acids involved in their metabolic pathways were obviously different among four resources, resulting in the difference in tea quality and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuxin Han
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huarong Tong
- Department of Tea Science, College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Gao C, Wang Z, Wu W, Zhou Z, Deng X, Chen Z, Sun W. Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the effects of ABA promotion and inhibition on flavonoid and amino acid metabolism in tea plant. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae065. [PMID: 38857368 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids (especially anthocyanins and catechins) and amino acids represent a high abundance of health-promoting metabolites. Although we observed abscisic acid accumulation in purple leaves and low levels in albino tea leaves, the specific mechanism behind its impact on flavor compounds remains unclear. In this study, we treated tea leaves with exogenous abscisic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis inhibitors (Flu), measured physiological indicators and conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying color change. Our results demonstrate that abscisic acid treatment induces purple coloration, while Flu treatment causes discoloration in tea leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher levels of four anthocyanins and six catechins in the group treated with abscisic acid in comparison with the control group. Additionally, there was a notable increase in 15 amino acids in the Flu-treated group. Notably, the levels of flavonoids and amino acids showed an inverse relationship between the two treatments. Transcriptomic comparison between the treatments and the control group revealed upregulation of differentially expressed genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase and uridine diphosphate-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase in the abscisic acid-treated group, leading to the accumulation of identified anthocyanins and catechins. In contrast, differentially expressed genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrate transporter exhibited elevated expression in the group treated with Flu, consequently facilitating the accumulation of amino acids, specifically L-theanine and L-glutamine. Furthermore, our co-expression network analysis suggests that MYB and bHLH transcription factors may play crucial roles in regulating the expression of differentially expressed genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and amino acids. This study provides insights for targeted genetic engineering to enhance the nutritional and market value of tea, together with the potential application of purple and albino tea leaves as functional beverages. It also offers guidance for future breeding programs and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, East Second Ring Road, Anxi County, Quanzhou, Fujian 362400, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Engineering Technology and Research Center of Fujian Tea Industry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Shangxiadian Road 15, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Wu Z, Liu K, Zhang X, Tang Q, Zeng L. CsNYC1a Mediates Chlorophyll Degradation and Albino Trait Formation in the Arbor-Type Tea Plant Camellia nanchuanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38848450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Albino germplasms are prized tea plant mutants with yellow/white leaves. However, understanding of the albino mechanisms in non-Camellia sinensis tea species remains limited. This study elucidated the albino trait formation in Nanchuan Dachashu (C. nanchuanica), an arbor-type tea species, and its association with tea quality. The yellow-leaved albino individual NH1 exhibited abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and reduced chlorophyll/carotenoid levels compared to green-leaved NL1. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, yeast one-hybrid, and transgenic approaches identified the chlorophyll b reductase gene CsNYC1a as a key regulator, which was significantly up-regulated in NH1, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis recapitulated the albino phenotype. In yeast, histone CsH1.2 binds to the CsNYC1a promoter. These findings suggest that CsH1.2-CsNYC1a-mediated chlorophyll degradation may be a key mechanism underlying albino formation in Nanchuan Dachashu. In addition, as a germplasm with higher polyphenol-to-amino acid ratio than NL1, NH1 offers more possibilities for breeding and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keyi Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Guo A, Jia W, Wang X. Selenium-Mediated (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Dynamics via Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Fu Tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38840526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a highly selenium enrichment capacity plant; high selenium concentration contributes to the occurrence of oxidative stress and protein misfolding in tea plants, whereas flavonoids can chelate heavy metals to protect plants from oxidative stress caused by metal exposure. Nevertheless, the role of catechins in flavonoid synthesis and nutrient metabolism under selenium stress remains unidentified. Combining Word2vec and HNSW utilizing UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS-MS/MS to implement rapid matching annotation of the structural information on metabolites in Fu tea, we found that selenium-mediated changes in catechins in Fu tea were mainly associated with flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The results demonstrated that selenium treatment increased benign selenol analogues (glutathioselenol) in tea and identified the novel selenopeptide PRSeMW (m/z 636.22571, Pro-Arg-SeMet-Trp) in selenium-enriched Fu tea samples to enhance the health benefits of tea. The selenium levels were negatively correlated with N5-ethyl-l-glutamine (11.63 to 4.26 mg kg-1) and (-)-epigallocatechin (13.26 to 11.19 mg kg-1), increasing the accumulation of tea polyphenols ((-)-catechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate, and (+)-gallocatechin), and decreasing the level of caffeine. These discoveries provide new insights into the mechanism of tea polyphenol-mediated transformation of selenium in Fu tea and theoretical support for the quality assessment of selenium-enriched tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Ma X, Liu J, Li H, Wang W, Liu L, Wang P, Hu J, Zhang X, Qu F. Greenhouse covering cultivation promotes chlorophyll accumulation of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by activating relevant gene expression and enzyme activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 38789917 PMCID: PMC11127325 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the most economically important woody crops. Plastic greenhouse covering cultivation has been widely used in tea areas of northern China. Chlorophyll is not only the crucial pigment for green tea, but also plays an important role in the growth and development of tea plants. Currently, little is known about the effect of plastic greenhouse covering cultivation on chlorophyll in tea leaves. RESULTS To investigate the effect of plastic greenhouse covering cultivation on chlorophyll in tea leaves, color difference values, chlorophyll contents, gene expression, enzyme activities and photosynthetic parameters were analyzed in our study. Sensory evaluation showed the color of appearance, liquor and infused leaves of greenhouse tea was greener than field tea. Color difference analysis for tea liquor revealed that the value of ∆L, ∆b and b/a of greenhouse tea was significantly higher than field tea. Significant increase in chlorophyll content, intracellular CO2, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate was observed in greenhouse tea leaves. The gene expression and activities of chlorophyll-metabolism-related enzymes in tea leaves were also activated by greenhouse covering. CONCLUSION The higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in greenhouse tea samples were primarily due to higher gene expression and activities of chlorophyll-metabolism-related enzymes especially, chlorophyll a synthetase (chlG), pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) in tea leaves covered by greenhouse. In general, our results revealed the molecular basis of chlorophyll metabolism in tea leaves caused by plastic greenhouse covering cultivation, which had great significance in production of greenhouse tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Peiqiang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fengfeng Qu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Duan Y, Wang G, Liang L, Wang M, Jiang J, Ma Y, Zhu X, Wu J, Fang W. Intercropping fruit trees in tea plantation improves soil properties and the formation of tea quality components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108574. [PMID: 38564979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping has been recommended as a beneficial cropping practice for improving soil characteristic and tea quality. However, there is limited research on the effects of intercropping fruit trees on soil chemical properties, soil aggregate structure, and tea quality components. In this study, intercropping fruit trees, specifically loquats and citrus, had a significant impact on the total available nutrients, AMN, and AP in soil. During spring and autumn seasons, the soil large-macroaggregates (>2 mm) proportion increased by 5.93% and 19.03%, as well as 29.23% and 19.14%, respectively, when intercropping loquats and citrus. Similarly, intercropping waxberry resulted in a highest small-macroaggregates (0.25 mm-2 mm) proportion at 54.89% and 77.32%. Soil aggregate stability parameters of the R0.25, MWD, and GMD were generally considered better soil aggregate stability indicators, and significantly improved in intercropping systems. Intercropping waxberry with higher values for those aggregate stability parameters and lower D values, showed a better soil aggregate distribution, while intercropping loquats and citrus at higher levels of AMN and AP in different soil aggregate sizes. As the soil aggregate sizes increased, the AMN and AP contents gradually decreased. Furthermore, the enhanced levels of amino acids were observed under loquat, waxberry, and citrus intercropping in spring, which increased by 27.98%, 27.35%, and 26.21%, respectively. The contents of tea polyphenol and caffeine were lower under loquat and citrus intercropping in spring. These findings indicated that intercropping fruit trees, specifically loquat and citrus, have immense potential in promoting the green and sustainable development of tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Horticultural Station, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Luyao Liang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Menghe Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Jiangsu vocational college of agriculture and forestry, Zhenjiang, 212400, China.
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang L, Di T, Li N, Peng J, Wu Y, He M, Hao X, Huang J, Ding C, Yang Y, Wang X. Transcriptomic analysis of hub genes regulating albinism in light- and temperature-sensitive albino tea cultivars 'Zhonghuang 1' and 'Zhonghuang 2'. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:44. [PMID: 38630172 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Albino tea cultivars have high economic value because their young leaves contain enhanced free amino acids that improve the quality and properties of tea. Zhonghuang 1 (ZH1) and Zhonghuang 2 (ZH2) are two such cultivars widely planted in China; however, the environmental factors and molecular mechanisms regulating their yellow-leaf phenotype remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that both ZH1 and ZH2 are light- and temperature-sensitive. Under natural sunlight and low-temperature conditions, their young shoots were yellow with decreased chlorophyll and an abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure. Conversely, young shoots were green with increased chlorophyll and a normal chloroplast ultrastructure under shading and high-temperature conditions. RNA-seq analysis was performed for high light and low light conditions, and pairwise comparisons identified genes exhibiting different light responses between albino and green-leaf cultivars, including transcription factors, cytochrome P450 genes, and heat shock proteins. Weighted gene coexpression network analyses of RNA-seq data identified the modules related to chlorophyll differences between cultivars. Genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis and development, light signaling, and JA biosynthesis and signaling were typically downregulated in albino cultivars, accompanied by a decrease in JA-ILE content in ZH2 during the albino period. Furthermore, we identified the hub genes that may regulate the yellow-leaf phenotype of ZH1 and ZH2, including CsGDC1, CsALB4, CsGUN4, and a TPR gene (TEA010575.1), which were related to chloroplast biogenesis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color formation in albino tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taimei Di
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yedie Wu
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming He
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyan Huang
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310008, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang C, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y, Liu D, Ye Y, Huang R, Li S, Chen L, Chen J, Yao M, Ma C. A key mutation in magnesium chelatase I subunit leads to a chlorophyll-deficient mutant of tea (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:935-946. [PMID: 37904595 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a highly important beverage crop renowned for its unique flavour and health benefits. Chlorotic mutants of tea, known worldwide for their umami taste and economic value, have gained global popularity. However, the genetic basis of this chlorosis trait remains unclear. In this study, we identified a major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL), qChl-3, responsible for the chlorosis trait in tea leaves, linked to a non-synonymous polymorphism (G1199A) in the magnesium chelatase I subunit (CsCHLI). Homozygous CsCHLIA plants exhibited an albino phenotype due to defects in magnesium protoporphyrin IX and chlorophylls in the leaves. Biochemical assays revealed that CsCHLI mutations did not affect subcellular localization or interactions with CsCHLIG and CsCHLD. However, combining CsCHLIA with CsCHLIG significantly reduced ATPase activity. RNA-seq analysis tentatively indicated that CsCHLI inhibited photosynthesis and enhanced photoinhibition, which in turn promoted protein degradation and increased the amino acid levels in chlorotic leaves. RT-qPCR and enzyme activity assays confirmed the crucial role of asparagine synthetase and arginase in asparagine and arginine accumulation, with levels increasing over 90-fold in chlorotic leaves. Therefore, this study provides insights into the genetic mechanism underlying tea chlorosis and the relationship between chlorophyll biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dingding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jiedan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingzhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chunlei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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