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Liu Y, Liu D, Li C, Cui S, Yun Z, Zhang J, Wei Y, Sun F. Chromatographic methods for rapid aflatoxin B1 analysis in food: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5515-5532. [PMID: 36519502 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin and is the most carcinogenic of all known chemicals. In view of the AFB1 characteristics of widespread distribution, serious pollution, great harm to humans, and animals and difficult to remove, it is urgent to develop a convenient and sensitive detection method. Moreover, chromatographic test strips (CTSs) are a rapid detection technology that combines labeling technology with chromatography technology. CTSs have been widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, and food safety analysis in recent years. Different from other immune assays, they have the advantages of short measuring time, low cost, high efficiency and no need for professionals to operate. In addition, the introduction of nanomaterials has laid a good foundation for the detection of high sensitivity, high specificity and high efficiency via CTSs. Herein, we tend to comprehensively introduce the applications of chromatographic methods in AFB1 detection and pay attention to the signal detection modes based on nanomaterials in antibody-based immunochromatographic strips (ICSs), such as colorimetric, fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and Raman scattering sensing. Some typical examples are also listed in this review. In the end, we make a summary and put forward prospects for the development of CTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Can Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ziguang Yun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Animal Husbandry Division, Xinjiang Tianrun Dairy Co., Ltd, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Animal Husbandry Division, Xinjiang Tianrun Dairy Co., Ltd, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Zha YH, Zhou Y. Functional nanomaterials based immunological detection of aflatoxin B1: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is highly carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. Accordingly, sensitive, rapid and cost-effective techniques for detection of AFB1 is in urgent demand for food safety and the health of consumers. In this review, we report the current state of immunoassay formats and development, mainly based on nanomaterials for determination of AFB1. Following an introduction of the field, the microplate-, membrane- and microelectrode-based immunoassays are described. The relevant mechanisms, sensitivities, superiorities and deficiencies of each format are discussed. Finally, perspectives on the future development of nanomaterials-based immunoassays for AFB1 are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Zha
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China P.R
| | - Y. Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China P.R
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China P.R
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Selvolini G, Lettieri M, Tassoni L, Gastaldello S, Grillo M, Maran C, Marrazza G. Electrochemical enzyme-linked oligonucleotide array for aflatoxin B 1 detection. Talanta 2019; 203:49-57. [PMID: 31202349 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical enzyme-linked oligonucleotide array to achieve simple and rapid multidetection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is presented. The assay is based on a competitive format and disposable screen-printed cells (SPCs). Firstly, the electrodeposition of poly(aniline-anthranilic acid) copolymer (PANI-PAA) on graphite screen-printed working electrodes was performed by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Aflatoxin B1 conjugated with bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) was then immobilized by covalent binding on PANI-PAA copolymer. After performing the affinity reaction between AFB1 and the biotinylated DNA-aptamer (apt-BIO), the solution was dropped on the modified SPCs and the competition was carried out. The biotinylated complexes formed onto the sensor surface were coupled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. 1-naphthyl phosphate was used as enzymatic substrate; the electroactive product was detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The response of the enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay was signal-off, according to the competitive format. A dose-response curve was obtained between 0.1 ng mL-1 and 10 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.086 ng mL-1 was achieved. Finally, preliminary experiments in maize flour samples spiked with AFB1 were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lettieri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Tassoni
- ATPr&d S.r.l, Via Ca' Marzare 3, 36043, Camisano Vicentino (VI), Italy
| | | | - Maria Grillo
- ATPr&d S.r.l, Via Ca' Marzare 3, 36043, Camisano Vicentino (VI), Italy
| | - Claudio Maran
- ATPr&d S.r.l, Via Ca' Marzare 3, 36043, Camisano Vicentino (VI), Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie D'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.
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Higashi Y, Mazumder J, Yoshikawa H, Saito M, Tamiya E. Chemically Regulated ROS Generation from Gold Nanoparticles for Enzyme-Free Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5773-5780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Higashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Joyotu Mazumder
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Osaka University, Photonics Center Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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Sample treatment procedures for environmental sensing and biosensing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:170-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Duffy GF, Moore EJ. Electrochemical Immunosensors for Food Analysis: A Review of Recent Developments. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1167900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kokkinos C, Economou A, Prodromidis MI. Electrochemical immunosensors: Critical survey of different architectures and transduction strategies. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Turner NW, Bramhmbhatt H, Szabo-Vezse M, Poma A, Coker R, Piletsky SA. Analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins: An update (2009-2014). Anal Chim Acta 2015; 901:12-33. [PMID: 26614054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a problematic and toxic group of small organic molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by several fungal species that colonise crops. They lead to contamination at both the field and postharvest stages of food production with a considerable range of foodstuffs affected, from coffee and cereals, to dried fruit and spices. With wide ranging structural diversity of mycotoxins, severe toxic effects caused by these molecules and their high chemical stability the requirement for robust and effective detection methods is clear. This paper builds on our previous review and summarises the most recent advances in this field, in the years 2009-2014 inclusive. This review summarises traditional methods such as chromatographic and immunochemical techniques, as well as newer approaches such as biosensors, and optical techniques which are becoming more prevalent. A section on sampling and sample treatment has been prepared to highlight the importance of this step in the analytical methods. We close with a look at emerging technologies that will bring effective and rapid analysis out of the laboratory and into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Turner
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Heli Bramhmbhatt
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Monika Szabo-Vezse
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Raymond Coker
- Toximet Ltd., ToxiMet Limited, 130 Abbott Drive, Kent Science Park, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 8AZ, UK
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Biscay J, González García MB, García AC. Determination of Total PSA Using Magnetic Beads and a Re-usable Screen Printed Carbon Electrode Array. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Castillo G, Spinella K, Poturnayová A, Šnejdárková M, Mosiello L, Hianik T. Detection of aflatoxin B1 by aptamer-based biosensor using PAMAM dendrimers as immobilization platform. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Wang W, Heitschmidt GW, Windham WR, Feldner P, Ni X, Chu X. Feasibility of Detecting Aflatoxin B1on Inoculated Maize Kernels Surface using Vis/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging. J Food Sci 2014; 80:M116-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural Univ; No. 17 Tsinghua East Rd. Beijing 100083 China
| | - Gerald W. Heitschmidt
- Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit; Richard B. Russell Research Center; USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd. Athens GA 30605 U.S.A
| | - William R. Windham
- Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit; Richard B. Russell Research Center; USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd. Athens GA 30605 U.S.A
| | - Peggy Feldner
- Quality & Safety Assessment Research Unit; Richard B. Russell Research Center; USDA-ARS, 950 College Station Rd. Athens GA 30605 U.S.A
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit-USDA-ARS; 2747 Davis Road Tifton GA 31793 U.S.A
| | - Xuan Chu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural Univ; No. 17 Tsinghua East Rd. Beijing 100083 China
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Neves MMPS, González-García MB, Hernández-Santos D, Fanjul-Bolado P. Screen-Printed Electrochemical 96-Well Plate: a High-Throughput Platform for Multiple Analytical Applications. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Electrochemical affinity biosensors for detection of mycotoxins: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:146-58. [PMID: 23743326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the current state of electrochemical biosensors in the determination of mycotoxins in foods. Mycotoxins are highly toxic secondary metabolites produced by molds. The acute toxicity of these results in serious human and animal health problems, although it has been only since early 1960s when the first studied aflatoxins were found to be carcinogenic. Mycotoxins affect a broad range of agricultural products, most important cereals and cereal-based foods. A majority of countries, mentioning especially the European Union, have established preventive programs to control contamination and strict laws of the permitted levels in foods. Official methods of analysis of mycotoxins normally requires sophisticated instrumentation, e.g. liquid chromatography with fluorescence or mass detectors, combined with extraction procedures for sample preparation. For about sixteen years, the use of simpler and faster analytical procedures based on affinity biosensors has emerged in scientific literature as a very promising alternative, particularly electrochemical (i.e., amperometric, impedance, potentiometric or conductimetric) affinity biosensors due to their simplicity and sensitivity. Typically, electrochemical biosensors for mycotoxins use specific antibodies or aptamers as affinity ligands, although recombinant antibodies, artificial receptors and molecular imprinted polymers show potential utility. This article deals with recent advances in electrochemical affinity biosensors for mycotoxins and covers complete literature from the first reports about sixteen years ago.
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Ricci F, Adornetto G, Palleschi G. A review of experimental aspects of electrochemical immunosensors. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Towards the development of a single-step immunosensor based on an electrochemical screen-printed electrode strip coupled with immunomagnetic beads. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:655-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Puiu M, Istrate O, Rotariu L, Bala C. Kinetic approach of aflatoxin B1–acetylcholinesterase interaction: A tool for developing surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:587-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Campàs M, Garibo D, Prieto-Simón B. Novel nanobiotechnological concepts in electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of toxins. Analyst 2012; 137:1055-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
In this review, the current status of research in electrochemical immunosensors is considered. We primarily focus on label-free and enzyme-labeled immunosensors, and the analytical capabilities of these devices are discussed. Moreover, the use of magnetic beads as new materials for immunosensors coupled with electrochemical sensing is also described, together with the application of new molecules such as aptamers as specific biorecognition elements. Examples of the applicability of these devices in solving various analytical problems in clinical, environmental and food fields are reported. Finally, the prospects for the further development of immunosensor technologies are shown.
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Studies in the use of magnetic microspheres for immunoaffinity extraction of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins from shellfish. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1-16. [PMID: 22069687 PMCID: PMC3210453 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a potentially fatal human health condition caused by the consumption of shellfish containing high levels of PSP toxins. Toxin extraction from shellfish and from algal cultures for use as standards and analysis by alternative analytical monitoring methods to the mouse bioassay is extensive and laborious. This study investigated whether a selected MAb antibody could be coupled to a novel form of magnetic microsphere (hollow glass magnetic microspheres, brand name Ferrospheres-N) and whether these coated microspheres could be utilized in the extraction of low concentrations of the PSP toxin, STX, from potential extraction buffers and spiked mussel extracts. The feasibility of utilizing a mass of 25 mg of Ferrospheres-N, as a simple extraction procedure for STX from spiked sodium acetate buffer, spiked PBS buffer and spiked mussel extracts was determined. The effects of a range of toxin concentrations (20-300 ng/mL), incubation times and temperature on the capability of the immuno-capture of the STX from the spiked mussel extracts were investigated. Finally, the coated microspheres were tested to determine their efficiency at extracting PSP toxins from naturally contaminated mussel samples. Toxin recovery after each experiment was determined by HPLC analysis. This study on using a highly novel immunoaffinity based extraction procedure, using STX as a model, has indicated that it could be a convenient alternative to conventional extraction procedures used in toxin purification prior to sample analysis.
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Development of an Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on the Use of an Eight-Electrodes Screen-Printed Array Coupled with Magnetic Beads for the Detection of Antimicrobial Sulfonamides in Honey. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Development of a recombinant Fab-fragment based electrochemical immunosensor for deoxynivalenol detection in food samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2615-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Nemati M, Mehran MA, Hamed PK, Masoud A. A survey on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples in Ardabil, Iran. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Urusov AE, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Immunochemical methods of mycotoxin analysis (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maragos C, Busman M. Rapid and advanced tools for mycotoxin analysis: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:688-700. [DOI: 10.1080/19440040903515934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Dorner J, Krska R, Lombaert G, Malone B, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, Trucksess M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2008-2009. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2008 and mid-2009. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, alternaria toxins, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. Developments in mycotoxin analysis continue, with emphasis on novel immunological methods and further description of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, particularly as multimycotoxin applications for different ranges of mycotoxins. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J. Dorner
- USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 509, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742, USA
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G. Lombaert
- Health Canada, 510 Lagimodiere Blvd., Winnipeg, MB, R2J 3Y1, Canada
| | - B. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 111 West Fourth Street, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - M. Trucksess
- US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, P.O. Box 7625, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625 USA
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Bhat R, Rai RV, Karim A. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Present Status and Future Concerns. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:57-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Li X, Millson S, Coker R, Evans I. A sensitive bioassay for the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, which also responds to the mycotoxins aflatoxin G1 and T-2 toxin, using engineered baker's yeast. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 77:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Shephard GS. Aflatoxin analysis at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1215-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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An overview of conventional and emerging analytical methods for the determination of mycotoxins. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:62-115. [PMID: 19333436 PMCID: PMC2662450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are a group of compounds produced by various fungi and excreted into the matrices on which they grow, often food intended for human consumption or animal feed. The high toxicity and carcinogenicity of these compounds and their ability to cause various pathological conditions has led to widespread screening of foods and feeds potentially polluted with them. Maximum permissible levels in different matrices have also been established for some toxins. As these are quite low, analytical methods for determination of mycotoxins have to be both sensitive and specific. In addition, an appropriate sample preparation and pre-concentration method is needed to isolate analytes from rather complicated samples. In this article, an overview of methods for analysis and sample preparation published in the last ten years is given for the most often encountered mycotoxins in different samples, mainly in food. Special emphasis is on liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection, while in the field of sample preparation various solid-phase extraction approaches are discussed. However, an overview of other analytical and sample preparation methods less often used is also given. Finally, different matrices where mycotoxins have to be determined are discussed with the emphasis on their specific characteristics important for the analysis (human food and beverages, animal feed, biological samples, environmental samples). Various issues important for accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses are critically discussed: sampling and choice of representative sample, sample preparation and possible bias associated with it, specificity of the analytical method and critical evaluation of results.
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Tang D, Zhong Z, Niessner R, Knopp D. Multifunctional magnetic bead-based electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in food. Analyst 2009; 134:1554-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b902401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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