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Hong Y, Wu Y, Xie Y, Ben L, Bu X, Pan X, Shao J, Dong Q, Qin X, Wang X. Effects of antibiotic-induced resistance on the growth, survival ability and virulence of Salmonella enterica. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104331. [PMID: 37567636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen that constitutes a major health hazard. The emergence and aggravation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella has drawn attention widely around the world. Conducting a risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens throughout the food chain is a pressing requirement for ensuring food safety. The growth, survival capability, and virulence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella represent crucial biological characteristics that play an important role in microbial risk assessment. In this study, eight antibiotic-sensitive S. enterica strains were induced by Ampicillin (Amp) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively, and AMP-resistant and CIP-resistant mutants were obtained. The growth characteristics under different temperatures (25, 30, 35 °C), viability after exposure to heat (55, 57.5, 60 °C) and acid (HCl, pH = 3.0), the virulence potential (adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 cells, biofilm formation and motility) and the lethality in a model species (Galleria mellonella) were evaluated and compared for S. enterica strains before and after antibiotic exposure. The induction by AMP and CIP are likely to promote cross-antibiotic resistance to their antibiotic classes, β-lactams and quinolones, as well as some compound antibiotics. It was observed that generally the antibiotic-induction-resistant strains showed decreased growth ability and lower heat resistance, although the differences were not significant at all the conditions tested. The AMP-resistant strains were significantly less acid resistance than the sensitive and the CIP-resistant ones, while exhibiting increased biofilm formation ability. In general, the antibiotic-induced resistance did not significantly affect the motility, adherence, or invasion ability of Caco-2 cells. However, CIP-resistant strains displayed lower lethality in G. mellonella infection, whereas AMP-resistant strains did not, and even two strains improved lethality. The study of the biological characteristics of antibiotic-resistant S. enterica is essential in better understanding the microbial risks to both the food chain and human health, thereby facilitating a more accurate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Centre of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Leijie Ben
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinye Pan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Pang X, Hu X, Du X, Lv C, Yuk HG. Biofilm formation in food processing plants and novel control strategies to combat resistant biofilms: the case of Salmonella spp. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1703-1718. [PMID: 37780596 PMCID: PMC10533767 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the pathogens that cause many foodborne outbreaks throughout the world, representing an important global public health problem. Salmonella strains with biofilm-forming abilities have been frequently isolated from different food processing plants, especially in poultry industry. Biofilm formation of Salmonella on various surfaces can increase their viability, contributing to their persistence in food processing environments and cross-contamination of food products. In recent years, increasing concerns arise about the antimicrobial resistant and disinfectant tolerant Salmonella, while adaptation of Salmonella in biofilms to disinfectants exacerbate this problem. Facing difficulties to inhibit or remove Salmonella biofilms in food industry, eco-friendly and effective strategies based on chemical, biotechnological and physical methods are in urgent need. This review discusses biofilm formation of Salmonella in food industries, with emphasis on the current available knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance, together with an overview of promising antibiofilm strategies for controlling Salmonella in food production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chenglong Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909 Republic of Korea
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Roy PK, Ha AJW, Nahar S, Hossain MI, Ashrafudoulla M, Toushik SH, Mizan MFR, Kang I, Ha SD. Inhibitory effects of vorinostat (SAHA) against food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky mixed culture biofilm with virulence and quorum-sensing relative expression. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:617-628. [PMID: 37580896 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2242263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a food-borne microorganism that is also a zoonotic bacterial hazard in the food sector. This study determined how well a mixed culture of Salmonella Kentucky formed biofilms on plastic (PLA), silicon rubber (SR), rubber gloves (RG), chicken skin and eggshell surfaces. In vitro interactions between the histone deacetylase inhibitor-vorinostat (SAHA)-and S. enterica serotype Kentucky were examined utilizing biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAHA was 120 µg mL-1. The addition of sub-MIC (60 µg mL-1) of SAHA decreased biofilm formation for 24 h on PLA, SR, RG, Chicken skin, and eggshell by 3.98, 3.84, 4.11, 2.86 and 3.01 log (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the initial rate of bacterial biofilm formation was higher on chicken skin than on other surfaces, but the inhibitory effect was reduced. Consistent with this conclusion, virulence genes expression (avrA, rpoS and hilA) and quorum-sensing (QS) gene (luxS) was considerably downregulated at sub-MIC of SAHA. SAHA has potential as an anti-biofilm agent against S. enterica serotype Kentucky biofilm, mostly by inhibiting virulence and quorum-sensing gene expression, proving the histone deacetylase inhibitor could be used to control food-borne biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Ji-Won Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sazzad Hossen Toushik
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoon Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, CA Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Commonly Used Disinfectants on Salmonella Infantis Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020301. [PMID: 36838265 PMCID: PMC9958858 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis is the most prevalent serovar in broilers and broiler meat in the European Union. The aim of our study was to test the biofilm formation and antimicrobial effect of disinfectants on genetically characterized S. Infantis isolates from poultry, food, and humans. For the biofilm formation under various temperature conditions (8 °C, 20 °C, and 28 °C) and incubation times (72 h and 168 h), the crystal violet staining method was used. The evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial effect of Ecocid® S, ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide was determined using the broth microdilution method. The antibiofilm effect of subinhibitory concentration (1/8 MIC) of disinfectants was then tested on S. Infantis 323/19 strain that had the highest biofilm formation potential. Our results showed that the biofilm formation was strain-specific; however, it was higher at 20 °C and prolonged incubation time. Moreover, strains carrying a pESI plasmid showed higher biofilm formation potential. The antibiofilm potential of disinfectants on S. Infantis 323/19 strain at 20 °C was effective after a shorter incubation time. As shown in our study, more effective precautionary measures should be implemented to ensure biofilm prevention and removal in order to control the S. Infantis occurrence.
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de Brito FAE, de Freitas APP, Nascimento MS. Multidrug-Resistant Biofilms (MDR): Main Mechanisms of Tolerance and Resistance in the Food Supply Chain. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121416. [PMID: 36558750 PMCID: PMC9784232 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are mono- or multispecies microbial communities enclosed in an extracellular matrix (EPS). They have high potential for dissemination and are difficult to remove. In addition, biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs) are even more aggravated if we consider antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as an important public health issue. Quorum sensing (QS) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are mechanisms that significantly contribute to the recalcitrance (resistance and tolerance) of biofilms, making them more robust and resistant to conventional sanitation methods. These mechanisms coordinate different strategies involved in AMR, such as activation of a quiescent state of the cells, moderate increase in the expression of the efflux pump, decrease in the membrane potential, antimicrobial inactivation, and modification of the antimicrobial target and the architecture of the EPS matrix itself. There are few studies investigating the impact of the use of inhibitors on the mechanisms of recalcitrance and its impact on the microbiome. Therefore, more studies to elucidate the effect and applications of these methods in the food production chain and the possible combination with antimicrobials to establish new strategies to control MDR biofilms are needed.
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Antibiofilm activity of a lytic Salmonella phage on different Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms. Int Microbiol 2022; 26:205-217. [PMID: 36334144 PMCID: PMC10148789 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBacteriophages have been mainly used in treating infections caused by planktonic bacterial cells in the veterinary sector. However, their applications as antibiofilm agents have received little attention. Accordingly, a previously isolated Salmonella infecting Siphoviridae phage was investigated for host range against 15 Salmonella enterica isolates (S. Cape, S. Gallinarum, 4 S. Enteritidis, 3 S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, S. Agona, S. Daula, and S. Aba) recovered from the litters of commercial broiler farms. All S. enterica isolates were examined for their biofilm activity using a microtiter plate assay and for adrA, csgD, and gcpA genes using conventional PCR. The phage efficacy against established biofilms produced by the selected seven S. enterica isolates (S. Gallinarum, S. Enteritidis, S. Montevideo, S. Uno, S. Oritamerin, S. Belgdam, and S. Agona) was assessed using microtiter plate assay and reverse transcriptase real-time PCR over different incubation times of 5 and 24 h. All S. enterica isolates were strong biofilm formers. Moreover, the phage effectively reduced the biofilm activity of the established S. enterica biofilms in the microtiter plate assay using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of csgD, gcpA, and adrA genes in the biofilm cells of S. enterica isolate after phage treatment were significantly up-regulated to variable degrees using the independent sample t-test (P < 0.050). In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential use of Salmonella phage in reducing established biofilms produced by S. enterica serovars isolated from broiler farms.
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Voss-Rech D, Ziech RE, Vaz CSL, Coldebella A, Kuchiishi SS, Balzan C, Matter L, Vargas ÁC, Botton SA. Association between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm forming ability of Salmonella enterica serotypes from commercial broiler farms in Brazil. Br Poult Sci 2022; 64:224-230. [PMID: 36259551 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2136511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profile and the biofilm-forming ability of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from commercial broiler houses over a three-year period in southern Brazil. 2. Of the 720 drag swabs analysed, 37 (5.1%) tested positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. and S. Heidelberg was the most frequent serovar. 3. Among the antimicrobial resistant strains (83.8%; 31/37), resistance was most common to tetracycline, ampicillin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance was found in 65% (24/37) of the isolates, with a large proportion of multidrug resistant S. Heidelberg strains (81%; 13/16). 4. In total, 65% (24/37) of the isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm and multiple antimicrobial resistance was negatively correlated with biofilm formation. 5. Strains susceptible to all tested antimicrobials tended to form stronger biofilms than multidrug resistant ones. This suggested that Salmonella spp. with less antimicrobial resistance depend more on the protection provided by biofilm to survive in the farm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R E Ziech
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C S L Vaz
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - S S Kuchiishi
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - C Balzan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L Matter
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Á C Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Transcriptome sequencing reveals the difference in the expression of biofilm and planktonic cells between two strains of Salmonella Typhimurium. Biofilm 2022; 4:100086. [PMID: 36254114 PMCID: PMC9568869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonela enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a food-borne pathogen that can form biofilms to increase its resistance to the external environment. Through the detection of biofilm of several S. Typhimurium strains in this study, strain CDC3 with strong biofilm forming capacity and strain CVCC3384 with weak biofilm forming capacity were identified. The genes expressed in planktonic and biofilm cells of two S. Typhimurium strains were analysed by transcriptome sequencing. Results showed that the genes related to the signal transduction pathway were upregulated and genes related to motility were downregulated in strain CDC3. By comparing biofilms and planktonic cells of the two strains, we found that CDC3 regulates biofilm formation mainly through the two-component system kdpABC, while strain CVCC3384 does so mainly through motility and quorum sensing. This study revealed regulation mechanism of biofilms formation between different biofilm forming capacity strains, and provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research.
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Frequency of Salmonella serotypes among children in Iran: antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and virulence genes. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:557. [PMID: 36131275 PMCID: PMC9490922 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE Salmonella gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity among pediatric patients, mainly in developing world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Concurrently, data from MENA countries like Iran, regarding prevalence of Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm production is scarce. MATERIAL & METHODS Slide agglutination was used to determine the serogroup of 140 Salmonella isolates recovered from 4477 stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis, and isolates were serotyped by PCR assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to five first line drugs was assessed by disk diffusion assay using CLSI guidelines. Semi-quantitative evaluation of biofilm production was done by microtiter plate assay followed by PCR detection of biofilm-associated virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA for each isolate. RESULTS Nearly 94% of Salmonella isolates were recovered from ≤ 5-year-old patients, and 99% of isolates were non-typhoidal. While we found extensive diversity among Salmonella isolates, serogroup D (46%) predominated, and Salmonella Enteritidis (41%) was the most common serotype that showed the highest antimicrobial susceptibility rate (> 96%). For the first time in Iran, S. Newport serotype from human specimens was isolated. Most isolates were sensitive to all test antimicrobials, but 35% of isolates were not-typed (NT) that showed the highest resistance with 48% being resistant to ≥ 1 test antimicrobial. Majority of isolates made weak (or no) biofilm, and we found a weak association between antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm production, or virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA. CONCLUSIONS The most effective measure that may control pediatric salmonellosis outbreaks is raising awareness of parents of preschoolers about food safety. Isolation of highly diverse Salmonella serotypes, including many commonly isolated from animals, indicates widespread contamination of the food chain. Majority of serotypes were sensitive to first-line antimicrobials, thus presently, pediatric Salmonella infections in this region may be controlled by conventional antimicrobials. However, despite the current trend, an imminent emergence of resistant Salmonella strains is foreseen, since various serotypes resistant to > 1 antimicrobial agent are typically associated with animals. Our results warrant further investigation that includes correlation analysis of clinical data regarding treatment outcomes, and serotype attributes like virulence genes.
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dos Santos RL, Davanzo EFA, Palma JM, Castro VHDL, da Costa HMB, Dallago BSL, Perecmanis S, Santana ÂP. Molecular characterization and biofilm-formation analysis of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274636. [PMID: 36126071 PMCID: PMC9488830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli in two Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, as well as to perform antibiograms, detect virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and evaluate the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of bacterial isolates from these environments. One Salmonella Typhi isolate and 21 E. coli isolates were detected, while L. monocytogenes was not detected. S. Typhi was isolated from the carcass cooling chamber’s floor, resistant to several antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and sulfonamide, and contained resistance genes, such as tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), and ampC. It also showed moderate biofilm-forming capacity at 37°C after incubating for 72 h. The prevalence of the 21 E. coli isolates was also the highest on the carcass cooling chamber floor (three of the four samplings [75%]). The E. coli isolates were resistant to 12 of the 13 tested antimicrobials, and none showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial prohibited in animal feed since 2003 in Brazil. The resistance genes MCR-1, MCR-3, sul1, ampC, clmA, cat1, tet(A), tet(B), and blaSHV, as well as the virulence genes stx-1, hlyA, eae, tir α, tir β, tir γ, and saa were detected in the E. coli isolates. Moreover, 5 (23.8%) and 15 (71.4%) E. coli isolates presented strong and moderate biofilm-forming capacity, respectively. In general, the biofilm-forming capacity increased after incubating for 72 h at 10°C. The biofilm-forming capacity was the lowest after incubating for 24 h at 37°C. Due to the presence of resistance and virulence genes, multi-antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming capacity, the results of this study suggest a risk to the public health as these pathogens are associated with foodborne diseases, which emphasizes the hazard of resistance gene propagation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lavarini dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Joana Marchesini Palma
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Simone Perecmanis
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ângela Patrícia Santana
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2210-2234. [PMID: 35945912 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyze the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance wasn't clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.,Present Address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Kim YK, Roy PK, Ashrafudoulla M, Nahar S, Toushik SH, Hossain MI, Mizan MFR, Park SH, Ha SD. Antibiofilm effects of quercetin against Salmonella enterica biofilm formation and virulence, stress response, and quorum-sensing gene expression. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Lauteri C, Festino AR, Conter M, Vergara A. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile in <em>Salmonella</em> spp. isolates from swine food chain. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:9980. [PMID: 35795466 PMCID: PMC9251869 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this survey was to examine the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella spp. isolated from swine food chain. A total of 435 samples were collected: 360 from slaughterhouse (150 carcasses, 30 cecal samples, 180 environmental samples) and 75 from Italian traditional pork dry sausages. Thirty-six Salmonella were isolated and identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): 13,3% (4/30) in fecal samples, 5,5% (10/180) in environmental samples, 7,3% (11/150) in carcasses, and 14,6% (11/75) in Italian traditional dry sausages. Salmonella serotypes were: S. Typhimurium (44,4%), S. Typhimurium monophasic variant (8,3%), S. Typhi (2,8%), S. Enteritidis (22,2%), S. Rissen (16,6%) and S. Derby (5,5%). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of AMR Salmonella spp. isolates was executed through automatic system (VITEK 2, bioMèrieux) and PCR assays. Salmonella spp. showed phonotypical and genotypical resistance to at least one or more classes of antibiotic. All Salmonella spp. were resistant to aminoglycoside (amikacin and tobramycin) and gentamicin, 86,1% strains were resistant to tetracycline, 55,5% strains were resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin, 25% strains to trimethoprim, 5,5% strains to chloramphenicol, 2,8% strains to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, and nitrofurantoin. Among Salmonella isolates, the most detected AMR genes were catA for chloramphenicol (94,4%), nitrofuran nfsA (77.7%), nfsB (86,1%) and, for fluoroquinolone par C (100%) and gyrA (94,4%). This study reported epidemiological data regarding Salmonella spp. and AMR’s circulation in the swine food chain. This phenomenon (AMR) has critical repercussions on the final consumer health; therefore, it represents a crucial One-Health issue.
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Morasi RM, Rall VLM, Dantas STA, Alonso VPP, Silva NCC. Salmonella spp. in low water activity food: Occurrence, survival mechanisms, and thermoresistance. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2310-2323. [PMID: 35478321 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of disease outbreaks involving low-water-activity (aw ) foods has gained increased prominence due in part to the fact that reducing free water in these foods is normally a measure that controls the growth and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. Salmonella, one of the main bacteria involved in these outbreaks, represents a major public health problem worldwide and in Brazil, which highlights the importance of good manufacturing and handling practices for food quality. The virulence of this pathogen, associated with its high ability to persist in the environment, makes Salmonella one of the main challenges for the food industry. The objectives of this article are to present the general characteristics, virulence, thermoresistance, control, and relevance of Salmonella in foodborne diseases, and describe the so-called low-water-activity foods and the salmonellosis outbreaks involving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Martins Morasi
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Mores Rall
- Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stéfani Thais Alves Dantas
- Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Perez Alonso
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Food Sciences And Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Anti-Biofilms’ Activity of Garlic and Thyme Essential Oils against Salmonella typhimurium. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072182. [PMID: 35408576 PMCID: PMC9000680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm control by essential oil (EO) application has recently increased to preclude biofilm production on foods and environmental surfaces. In this work, the anti-biofilm effects of garlic and thyme essential oils using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Salmonella typhimurium recovered from different abattoir samples were investigated along with the virulence genes (InvA, SdiA and Stn genes), and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. typhimurium as well. The obtained results revealed that S. typhimurium contaminated abattoir samples to varying degrees. The InvA gene was investigated in all isolates, whereas the SdiA and Stn genes were observed in four and three isolates, respectively. Utilizing the disc diffusion method, S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to most of the examined antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index. S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated biofilm formation abilities to various degrees at varied temperatures levels (4 °C and 37 °C). In conclusion, the obtained samples from the research area are regarded as a potential S. typhimurium contamination source. Furthermore, garlic essential oil (GEO) has more potential to inhibit S. typhimurium biofilm at different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared to thyme essential oil (TEO). Therefore, these EOs are considered as potential natural antibacterial options that could be applied in food industry.
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16
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Cheng Y, Dong Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang X. Systematic review of Listeria monocytogenes from food and clinical samples in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2019. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen, can cause human listeriosis. Listeriosis is a potentially fatal gastrointestinal illness, which is closely related to the spread of food to humans. We review the literature published during 2010 to 2019 to better understand the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in food products, incidence of human listeriosis, and their characteristics in Chinese mainland. We found the main sequence types (STs) strains from foods are similar globally, and the prevalence of L. monocytogenes from raw meat was the highest among all food products. The most common STs in food products and clinical cases were ST9 (serogroup Ⅰ.2) strains and ST87 (serogroup Ⅱ.2) strains, respectively. The ST87 strains being the most common STs of clinical cases might be related to the exist of Listeria pathogenicity islands 4 genes and Chinese eating habits for ready to eat foods, among which the prevalence of ST87 strain was the highest in ready to eat food. Therefore, more research should be conducted to explore the reasons for the L. monocytogenes isolates differences in food and clinic sources. Meanwhile, more research should be conducted to explore the reasons for differences among the L. monocytogenes isolates in food and clinical sources.
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17
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Bai Y, Ding X, Zhao Q, Sun H, Li T, Li Z, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang C, Xu S. Development of an organic acid compound disinfectant to control food-borne pathogens and its application in chicken slaughterhouses. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101842. [PMID: 35395532 PMCID: PMC8987602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During poultry slaughter, cross-contamination of chicken carcasses with microorganisms (including drug-resistant bacteria) can occur because of incomplete disinfection during the pre-cooling process, and surface contact with contaminated tools and equipment. The use of disinfectants is the most common way to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and bacterial spread, as they can effectively reduce the number of bacteria. We developed a disinfectant consisting of organic acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tested its bactericidal effects at different concentrations against Salmonella and Campylobacter. The main effective components in the disinfectant were citric acid, lactic acid, and SDS, and together they exerted a synergistic bactericidal effect. The bactericidal efficacy of the disinfectant increased with increasing concentrations of the 3 active ingredients. To reach a 100% reduction rate during a 15-s treatment in vitro, for Salmonella, the lowest concentrations of citric acid, lactic acid, and SDS were 0.06, 0.08, and 0.02%, respectively; and for Campylobacter, the lowest concentrations were 0.02, 0.025, and 0.0125%, respectively. The disinfectant remained effective in presence of interfering substances (e.g., 15% fetal bovine serum). Further experiments showed that the disinfectant inactivated sensitive bacteria as well as 23 drug-resistant strains of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Treatment with the disinfectant for 15 s decreased the concentrations of all tested strains by more than 4.7 log colony forming units per mL, and the reduction rate was as high as 100%. In on-site disinfection tests in chicken slaughterhouses, the disinfectant significantly reduced the number of pathogenic bacteria on carcasses during the pre-cooling process, and on tools (such as knives and gloves) during the segmentation process. Thus, this disinfectant has potential uses in preventing cross-contamination of food-borne pathogens (including resistant bacteria) in slaughterhouses.
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18
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Siddiky NA, Sarker S, Khan SR, Rahman T, Kafi A, Samad MA. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from poultry processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0254465. [PMID: 35130286 PMCID: PMC8820648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) enterica serovars is a growing public health concern globally. The present study focused on the assessment of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling of NTS enterica serovars isolated from the chicken processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 samples consisting of carcass dressing water (CDW), chopping board swabs (CBS), and knife swabs (KS) were collected from 29 wet markets. The prevalence of Salmonella was found to be 20% in CDW, 19.31% in CBS, and 17.58% in KS, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR Salmonella was found to be 72.41%, 73.21%, and 68.62% in CDW, CBS, and KS, respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. The S. Enteritidis and untyped Salmonella isolates harbored all virulence genes while S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes, except sefA and spvC. Phenotypic resistance revealed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and azithromycin. Genotypic resistance showed a higher prevalence of plasmid-mediated blaTEM followed by tetA, sul1, sul2, sul3, and strA/B genes. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of the isolates showed a harmonic and symmetrical trend. According to the findings, MDR and virulent NTS enterica serovars predominate in wet market conditions and can easily enter the human food chain. The chi-square analysis showed significantly higher associations among the phenotypic resistance, genotypic resistance and virulence genes in CDW, CBS, and KS respectively (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nure Alam Siddiky
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahidur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Kafi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Samad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecium from Poultry Gut Reduce Mucin Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123435. [PMID: 34944212 PMCID: PMC8697943 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause infection in poultry, livestock, and humans. Although the use of antimicrobials as feed additives is prohibited, the previous indiscriminate use and poor regulatory oversight in some parts of the world have resulted in increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, including cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, which are among the limited treatment options available against NTS. This study aimed to isolate potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the poultry gut to inhibit fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistant MDR Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The safety profile of the LAB isolates was evaluated for the hemolytic activity, DNase activity, and antibiotic resistance. Based on the safety results, three possible probiotic LAB candidates for in vitro Salmonella control were chosen. Candidate LAB isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactobacillus reuteri PFS4, Enterococcus faecium PFS13, and Enterococcus faecium PFS14. These strains demonstrated a good tolerance to gastrointestinal-related stresses, including gastric acid, bile, lysozyme, and phenol. In addition, the isolates that were able to auto aggregate had the ability to co-aggregate with MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, LAB strains competitively reduced the adhesion of pathogens to porcine mucin Type III in co-culture studies. The probiotic combination of the selected LAB isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium FML15 and S. Enteritidis FML18 by 90% and 92%, respectively. In addition, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB culture significantly reduced the growth of Salmonella in vitro. Thus, L. reuteri PFS4, E. faecium PFS13, and E. faecium PFS 14 are potential probiotics that could be used to control MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry. Future investigations are required to elucidate the in vivo potential of these probiotic candidates as Salmonella control agents in poultry and animal feed.
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20
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Chowdhury M, Bardhan R, Pal S, Banerjee A, Batabyal K, Joardar S, Mandal G, Bandyopadhyay S, Dutta T, Sar T, Samanta I. Comparative occurrence of ESBL/AmpC beta‐lactamase‐producing
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
in contract farm and backyard broilers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:53-62. [PMID: 34618368 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chowdhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - R. Bardhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Pal
- Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - K. Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S.N. Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - G.P. Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR‐Indian Veterinary Research Institute‐Eastern Regional Station Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - T.K. Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology Central Agricultural University Aizawl Mizoram India
| | - T.K. Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - I. Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
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21
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Wang W, Chen J, Shao X, Huang P, Zha J, Ye Y. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from retail meats in Anhui, China. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4701-4710. [PMID: 34531984 PMCID: PMC8441314 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is considered one of the major foodborne pathogens associated with severe infections. Little attempt has been focused on the distribution of Salmonella in retail meats and the analysis of its phenotypic characteristics in Anhui Province. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of Salmonella serovars, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes in Salmonella recovered from retail meats in Anhui, China. Out of the 120 samples collected from supermarket chains and open-air markets, 16 samples (13.3%) were positive for Salmonella, of which Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the common serotypes. Significant differences in incidence were found between supermarket chains and open-air markets (p < 0.05). Overall, all 16 isolates were resistant to at least two tested antimicrobials, while 12 isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistant phenotypes. High resistance was observed for ampicillin (87.5%), doxycycline (75.0%), and tetracycline (62.5%). The sul2 was detected in all isolates, and the aac(6')-Ib-cr (93.8%) and the tetA (81.3%) were predominant in 10 resistance genes conferring five classes of antimicrobials. In addition, the correlation between resistance phenotypes and genes of tetracyclines and aminoglycosides was more than 80%. Interestingly, all the Salmonella isolates contained the genes mogA, mgtC, sopB, and spvB, whereas the siiE was variably represented. The findings in this study showed high prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and the existence of virulence genes, suggesting that effective measures are required to ensure microbial safety from retail meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Jing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Xuefei Shao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Pan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Jing Zha
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Yingwang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio‐processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
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22
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Badie F, Saffari M, Moniri R, Alani B, Atoof F, Khorshidi A, Shayestehpour M. The combined effect of stressful factors (temperature and pH) on the expression of biofilm, stress, and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4475-4484. [PMID: 34137898 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major food borne pathogen that creates biofilm. Salmonella biofilm formation under different environmental conditions is a public health problem. The present study was aimed to evaluate the combined effects of stressful factors (temperature and pH) on the expression of biofilm, stress, and virulence genes in Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. In this study, the effect of temperature (2, 8, 22.5, 37, 43 °C) and pH (2.4, 3, 4.5, 6, 6.6) on the expression of biofilm production genes (adr A, bap A), virulence genes (hil A, inv A) and the stress gene (RpoS) of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was evaluated. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to evaluate the combined effect of the above factors. The highest expression of adr A, bap A, hil A, and RpoS gene for S. Typhimurium was at 22 °C-pH 4.5 (6.39-fold increase), 37 °C-pH 6 (3.92-fold increase), 37 °C-pH 6 (183-fold increase), and 37 °C-pH 3 (43.8-fold increase), respectively. The inv A gene of S. Typhimurium was decreased in all conditions. The adr A, bap A, hil A, inv A, and RpoS gene of S. Enteritidis had the highest expression level at 8 °C-pH 3 (4.09-fold increase), 22 °C-pH 6 (2.71-fold increase), 8 °C pH 3 (190-fold increase), 22 °C-pH 4.5 (9.21-fold increase), and 8 °C-pH 3 (16.6-fold), respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the temperature and pH had no significant effect on the expression level of adr A, bap A, hil A, Inv A, and RpoS gene in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. The expression of biofilm production genes (adr A, bap A), virulence genes (hil A, inv A) and the stress gene (RpoS) of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium is not directly and exclusively associated with temperature and pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Badie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Science Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atoof
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khorshidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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23
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A Study on the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Peptide 1018-K6 as Potential Alternative to Antibiotics against Food-Pathogen Salmonella enterica. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061372. [PMID: 34198540 PMCID: PMC8232012 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the major global public health concerns, and it is indispensable to search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Recently, antimicrobial peptides have received great attention because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity at relatively low concentrations, even against pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, which is responsible for most food-borne illnesses. This work aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the innate defense peptide, named 1018-K6, against S. enterica. A total of 42 strains, belonging to three different subspecies and 32 serotypes, were included in this study. The antibiotic resistance profile of all the strains and the cytotoxic effects of 1018-K6 on mammalian fibroblast cells were also investigated. Results revealed that MIC (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentrations) values were in the ranges of 8-64 μg/mL and 16-128 μg/mL, respectively, although most strains (97%) showed MICs between 16 and 32 μg/mL. Moreover, sub-inhibitory concentrations of 1018-K6 strongly reduced the biofilm formation in several S. enterica strains, whatever the initial inoculum size. Our results demonstrated that 1018-K6 is able to control and manage S. enterica growth with a large potential for applications in the fields of active packaging and water disinfectants.
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24
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Roy PK, Ha AJW, Mizan MFR, Hossain MI, Ashrafudoulla M, Toushik SH, Nahar S, Kim YK, Ha SD. Effects of environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and glucose) on biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky and virulence gene expression. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101209. [PMID: 34089933 PMCID: PMC8182266 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen and an emerging zoonotic bacterial threat in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation by a cocktail culture of 3 wild isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky on plastic (PLA), silicon rubber (SR), and chicken skin surfaces under various temperatures (4, 10, 25, 37, and 42°C) and pH values (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0). Then, at the optimum temperature and pH, the effects of supplementation with glucose (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.4% w/v) on biofilm formation were assessed on each of the surfaces. The results indicated that higher temperatures (25 to 42°C) and pH values (7.0 and 8.0) led to more robust biofilm formation than lower temperatures (4 and 10°C) and lower pH levels (4.0 to 6.0). Moreover, biofilm formation was induced by 0.025% glucose during incubation at the optimum temperature (37°C) and pH (7.0) but inhibited by 0.4% glucose. Consistent with this finding, virulence related gene (rpoS, rpoH, hilA, and avrA) expression was increased at 0.025% glucose and significantly reduced at 0.4% glucose. This results also confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and autoinducer-2 determination. This study concluded that optimum environmental conditions (temperature 37°C, pH 7.0, and 0.25% glucose) exhibited strong biofilm formation on food and food contract surfaces as well as increased the virulence gene expression levels, indicating that these environmental conditions might be threating conditions for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Ji-Won Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sazzad Hossen Toushik
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Liu Y, Wu H, Sun Z, Xu X, Liu F. Contamination and Biofilm Formation of Foodborne and Opportunistic Pathogens in Yellow-Feathered Chicken Carcass. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:210-218. [PMID: 33689469 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the contamination and biofilm formation of foodborne and opportunistic pathogens in yellow-feathered chicken carcasses sampled in different seasons and to prove the relationship between biofilm-forming ability and bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production. A total of 78 strains were isolated from chicken samples. The strains consisted of 30.8% Escherichia coli, 14.1% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12.8% Salmonella enteritidis, 12.8% Klebsiella pnenmoniae, 10.2% Enterobacter cloacae, 8.9% Proteus mirabilis, 5.1% Klebsiella oxytoca, 1.3% Staphylococcus aureus, and 1.3% Citrobacter braakii. Crystal violet staining assay revealed six strains with strong biofilm-forming ability, namely, E. coli S7, K. oxytoca B12, K. pnenmoniae B6, S. enteritidis H4, P. aeruginosa M5, and S. aureus G1, which showed had high abilities of cell motility and EPS production. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that all six strains can form mature biofilm architectures after 5 d of cultivation. This study may serve as a reference to control the contamination of foodborne pathogens in yellow-feathered chicken and enhance the quality and shelf life of these chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilan Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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26
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Yin W, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chou SH, Galperin MY, He J. Ways to control harmful biofilms: prevention, inhibition, and eradication. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 47:57-78. [PMID: 33356690 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1842325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex microbial architectures that encase microbial cells in a matrix comprising self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Microorganisms living in biofilms are much more resistant to hostile environments than their planktonic counterparts and exhibit enhanced resistance against the microbicides. From the human perspective, biofilms can be classified into beneficial, neutral, and harmful. Harmful biofilms impact food safety, cause plant and animal diseases, and threaten medical fields, making it urgent to develop effective and robust strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this review, we discuss various strategies to control biofilm formation on infected tissues, implants, and medical devices. We classify the current strategies into three main categories: (i) changing the properties of susceptible surfaces to prevent biofilm formation; (ii) regulating signalling pathways to inhibit biofilm formation; (iii) applying external forces to eradicate the biofilm. We hope this review would motivate the development of innovative and effective strategies for controlling harmful biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Siyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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27
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AKINOLA STEPHENABIOLA, TSHIMPAMBA MPINDAEDOAURD, MWANZA MULUNDA, ATEBA COLLINSNJIE. Biofilm Production Potential of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Chickens in North West Province, South Africa. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:427-439. [PMID: 33574871 PMCID: PMC7812364 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have recently gained considerable interest in the food production and medical industries due to their ability to resist destruction by disinfectants and other antimicrobials. Biofilms are extracellular polymer matrices that may enhance the survival of pathogens even when exposed to environmental stress. The effect of incubation temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C) and Salmonella serotype on biofilm-forming potentials was evaluated. Previously typed Salmonella serotypes (55) isolated from the gut of chickens were accessed for biofilms formation using a standard assay. Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028TM and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076TM (positive controls), Escherichia coli (internal control) and un-inoculated Luria Bertani (LB) broth (negative control) were used. The isolates formed no biofilm (11.86-13.56%), weak (11.86-45.76%), moderate (18.64-20.34%), strong biofilms (23.73-54.24%) across the various temperatures investigated. Serotypes, Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Weltevreden were the strongest biofilm formers at temperatures (25°C, 37°C, and 40°C, respectively). The potential of a large proportion (80%) of Salmonella serotypes to form biofilms increased with increasing incubation temperatures but decreased at 40°C. Findings indicate that average temperature favours biofilm formation by Salmonella serotypes. However, the influence of incubation temperature on biofilm formation was greater when compared to serotype. A positive correlation exists between Salmonella biofilm formed at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C (p ≥ 0.01). The ability of Salmonella species to form biofilms at 25°C and 37°C suggests that these serotypes may present severe challenges to food-processing and hospital facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- STEPHEN ABIOLA AKINOLA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - MPINDA EDOAURD TSHIMPAMBA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - MULUNDA MWANZA
- Center for Animal Health Studies, Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - COLLINS NJIE ATEBA
- Department of Microbiology, Bacteriophage Therapy and Phage Bio-Control Laboratory, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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28
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Rizzo NN, Pottker ES, Webber B, Borges KA, Duarte SC, Levandowski R, Ruschel LR, Rodrigues LB. Effect of two lytic bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming Salmonella Gallinarum from poultry. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:640-645. [PMID: 32901508 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1805724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
1. Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) infections cause fowl typhoid, which leads to important economic losses. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the capacity for bacteria to form biofilms could play an important role in the persistence of SG in poultry flocks resulting in intermittent disease outbreaks. The aim of the following study was to assess the lytic activity of two new bacteriophages (Salmonella phages UPF_BP1 and UPF_BP2) against MDR and biofilm-forming SG. 2. Forty-six strains of SG, isolated in 2015, were characterised by antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation profiles and susceptibility to two new bacteriophages. 3. Of these strains, 24% were multidrug resistant and more than 80% formed biofilm, with no statistical difference between incubation temperatures (42°C or 22°C). With regard to the lytic activity of the phages, 85% of strains were susceptible to at least one phage. Of these, 74% were lysed by both phages, including MDR and biofilm producing strains. 4. The use of salmonella phages UPF_BP1 and UPF_BP2 were shown to be promising alternatives for the biological control of fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Rizzo
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E S Pottker
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B Webber
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K A Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S C Duarte
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Suínos e Aves , Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - R Levandowski
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - L R Ruschel
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - L B Rodrigues
- Faculdade De Agronomia E Medicina Veterinária, Universidade De Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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29
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Karabasanavar N, Madhavaprasad C, Gopalakrishna S, Hiremath J, Patil G, Barbuddhe S. Prevalence of
Salmonella
serotypes
S
. Enteritidis and
S
. Typhimurium in poultry and poultry products. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagappa Karabasanavar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | | | - Shilpa Gopalakrishna
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR‐National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Girish Patil
- ICAR‐National Research Center on Meat Hyderabad Telangana Sate India
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30
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Ćwiek K, Korzekwa K, Tabiś A, Bania J, Bugla-Płoskońska G, Wieliczko A. Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Poland. Pathogens 2020; 9:E643. [PMID: 32784631 PMCID: PMC7459949 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. enterica ser. Enteritidis) is the most frequently detected serovar in human salmonellosis, and its ability to produce a biofilm and the risk of transmission from animals and food of animal origin to humans are significant. The main aim of the present work was to compare S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry and human feces in terms of resistance profiles, prevalence of selected resistance genes, and their potential for biofilm formation, by assessing their biofilm growth intensity, the prevalence and expression of selected genes associated with this phenomenon, and the correlation between increased antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability of the two tested groups of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. This study showed a difference in antimicrobial resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration value) between S. enterica ser. Enteritidis groups; however, the majority of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated from poultry (environmental samples from chicken broilers, turkey broilers, and laying hens). Differences in the prevalence of resistance genes were observed; the most common gene among poultry strains was floR, and that among strains from humans was blaTEM. S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry under the tested incubation conditions exhibited better biofilm growth than strains isolated from humans. A higher level of gene expression associated with the production of cellulose was only detected in the S48 strain isolated from poultry. On the other hand, increased expression of genes associated with quorum sensing was observed in two strains isolated from poultry farms and one strain isolated from human feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ćwiek
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (G.B.-P.)
| | - Aleksandra Tabiś
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.T.); (J.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, S. 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.K.); (G.B.-P.)
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
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31
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Xu Z, Wang M, Zhou C, Gu G, Liang J, Hou X, Wang M, Wei P. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of retail-meat-borne Salmonella in southern China during the years 2009-2016: The diversity of contamination and the resistance evolution of multidrug-resistant isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108790. [PMID: 32693316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne pathogens, can be the cause of bacterial food-borne illness and is commonly associated with the consumption of retail meat. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates with high adaptability, have been responsible for many foodborne disease outbreaks. Here we present an investigation on the contamination and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail meat obtained from supermarkets and from open markets in Guangxi, China. From the years 2009 to 2016, a total of 604 Salmonella isolates were recovered from a total of 3340 meat samples including 797 beef, 911 pork, 942 chicken and 690 duck, representing 18.08% of the samples tested. Pork was the most contaminated meat. Salmonella was detected in 322 samples from supermarkets and the positive rate of 21.03% was higher than that of 15.70% in 284 samples from open markets (P<0.05). The prevalence of Salmonella in retail meat in the summer and fall months: June (2015, 40.63%), October (2012, 34.6%; 2016, 43.75%) was higher than in other seasons of the year. One hundred and twenty-seven serotypes were identified among the 604 Salmonella enterica isolates, and S. Derby (28.48%), S. Agona (9.77%), S. London (4.97%) and S. Enteritidis (4.47%) were the most common serotypes. Tests of susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial agents showed that 87.58% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 57.79% exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), as they were resistant to at least three antimicrobials. The presence of most of the antimicrobial-resistant genes tested was consistent with the resistant phenotypes found. Among all the antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) examined in this study, blaTEM-1, aadA1, cmlA, tetA, sul1 and sul2 were the most prevalent resistant genes in the multidrug resistant isolates. Our findings show that there was a trend that the Salmonella contamination in retail meat had increased and isolates showed an MDR phenotype and that the MDR had become more and more serious. Twenty-one isolates of S. Agona were randomly analyzed by using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and six different types were found, indicating the existence of cross-contamination in the food market. The results indicate that the hazard analysis of the critical control points (HACCP) system for the whole food chain of retail meat should be further analyzed and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Xu
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guimin Gu
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Liang
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejiao Hou
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Participating Laboratory of the WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network (GFN), Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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32
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Lianou A, Nychas GJE, Koutsoumanis KP. Strain variability in biofilm formation: A food safety and quality perspective. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109424. [PMID: 33233106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inherent differences in microbial behavior among identically treated strains of the same microbial species, referred to as "strain variability", are regarded as an important source of variability in microbiological studies. Biofilms are defined as the structured multicellular communities with complex architecture that enable microorganisms to grow adhered to abiotic or living surfaces and constitute a fundamental aspect of microbial ecology. The research studies assessing the strain variability in biofilm formation are relatively few compared to the ones evaluating other aspects of microbial behavior such as virulence, growth and stress resistance. Among the available research data on intra-species variability in biofilm formation, compiled and discussed in the present review, most of them refer to foodborne pathogens as compared to spoilage microorganisms. Molecular and physiological aspects of biofilm formation potentially related to strain-specific responses, as well as information on the characterization and quantitative description of this type of biological variability are presented and discussed. Despite the considerable amount of available information on the strain variability in biofilm formation, there are certain data gaps and still-existing challenges that future research should cover and address. Current and future advances in systems biology and omics technologies are expected to aid significantly in the explanation of phenotypic strain variability, including biofilm formation variability, allowing for its integration in microbiological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lianou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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33
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Gu D, Wang Z, Tian Y, Kang X, Meng C, Chen X, Pan Z, Jiao X. Prevalence of Salmonella Isolates and Their Distribution Based on Whole-Genome Sequence in a Chicken Slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:29. [PMID: 32154275 PMCID: PMC7046563 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has been known as the most important foodborne pathogen, which can infect humans via consuming contaminated food. Chicken meat has been known as an important vehicle to transmit Salmonella by the food supply chain. This study determined the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of Salmonella at different chicken slaughtering stages in East China. In total, 114 out of 200 (57%) samples were Salmonella positive, while Salmonella contamination was gradually increasing from the scalding and unhairing stage (17.5%) to the subdividing stage (70%) throughout the slaughtering. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was then performed to analyze the serotype, antimicrobial resistance gene profiles, and genetic relationship of all Salmonella isolates. The most common serotypes were S. Kentucky (51/114, 44.7%) and S. Enteritidis (37/114, 32.5%), which were distributed throughout the four slaughtering stages, and were also identified in the corresponding environments. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed that seven sequence types (STs) were occupied by six different serotypes, respectively. Only S. Kentucky had two STs, ST314 was the predominant ST shared by 50 isolates, while the ST198 has 1 isolate. The antimicrobial resistance gene analysis demonstrated that most of the strains belonging to S. Kentucky (39/51, 76.5%) and S. Indiana (15, 100%) contained over five groups of antimicrobial resistance genes. Based on the core genome analysis, 50 S. Kentucky isolates were genetically identical, indicating that one S. Kentucky strain with the same genetic background was prevalent in the chicken slaughtering line. Although 37 S. Enteritidis isolates only had three different antimicrobial resistance gene profiles, the core genome sequence analysis subtyped these S. Enteritidis isolates into five different clusters, which revealed the diverse genetic background of S. Enteritidis in the slaughterhouse. The antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were consistent with the presence of the corresponding resistance genes of S. Kentucky and S. Enteritidis, including tetA, floR, blaTEM-1B, strA/B, sul1/sul2, and gyrA (D87Y). Our study observed a high prevalence of Salmonella in the chicken slaughter line and identified the slaughtering environment as a main source of causing Salmonella cross-contamination during chicken slaughtering. Further studies will be needed to limit the transmission of Salmonella in the slaughterhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Tian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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34
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Paravisi M, Laviniki V, Bassani J, Kunert Filho HC, Carvalho D, Wilsmann DE, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Salle CTP, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Brazilian Poultry Slaughterhouses. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Paravisi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - V Laviniki
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J Bassani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - D Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - DE Wilsmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - KA Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - TQ Furian
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - CTP Salle
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - HLS Moraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Han X, Peng J, Guan X, Li J, Huang X, Liu S, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Cao S, Wu R, Ma X, Zou L. Genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from ducks along the slaughter line in southwestern China. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Lactobacillus strains inhibit biofilm formation of Salmonella sp. isolates from poultry. Food Res Int 2019; 123:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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37
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Cadena M, Kelman T, Marco ML, Pitesky M. Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Profiles of Salmonella Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria Challenged with Disinfectants Commonly Used During Poultry Processing. Foods 2019; 8:E275. [PMID: 31336660 PMCID: PMC6678331 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella that survive cleaning and disinfection during poultry processing are a public health concern because pathogens that survive disinfectants have greater potential to exhibit resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants after their initial disinfectant challenge. While the mechanisms conferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) after exposure to disinfectants is complex, understanding the effects of disinfectants on Salmonella in both their planktonic and biofilm states is becoming increasingly important, as AMR and disinfectant tolerant bacteria are becoming more prevalent in the food chain. This review examines the modes of action of various types of disinfectants commonly used during poultry processing (quaternary ammonium, organic acids, chlorine, alkaline detergents) and the mechanisms that may confer tolerance to disinfectants and cross-protection to antibiotics. The goal of this review article is to characterize the AMR profiles of Salmonella in both their planktonic and biofilm state that have been challenged with hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP), peracetic acid (PAA), sodium hypochlorite (SHY) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) in order to understand the risk of these disinfectants inducing AMR in surviving bacteria that may enter the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Cadena
- UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Cooperative Extension, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Todd Kelman
- UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Cooperative Extension, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maria L Marco
- UC Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maurice Pitesky
- UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Cooperative Extension, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Shang K, Wei B, Jang HK, Kang M. Phenotypic characteristics and genotypic correlation of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Salmonella isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse and its downstream retail markets. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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An ordinal logistic regression approach to predict the variability on biofilm formation stages by five Salmonella enterica strains on polypropylene and glass surfaces as affected by pH, temperature and NaCl. Food Microbiol 2019; 83:95-103. [PMID: 31202424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the adhesion and formation of biofilm by five Salmonella enterica strains (S. Enteritidis 132, S. Infantis 176, S. Typhimurium 177, S. Heidelberg 281 and S. Corvallis 297) on polypropylene (PP) and glass (G) surfaces as affected by pH (4-7), NaCl concentration (0-10% w/v) and temperature (8-35 °C). Sessile counts <3 log CFU/cm2 were considered lack of adhesion (category 1), while counts ≥ 3 and < 5 log CFU/cm2 corresponded to adhesion (category 2) and counts ≥ 5 log CFU/cm2 corresponded biofilm formation (category 3). The obtained results categorized in these three responses were used to develop ordinal regression models to predict the probability of biofilm stages on PP- and G-surfaces. The experimental outcomes for lack of adhesion were >90% on PP- and G-surfaces. Generally, adhesion outcomes corresponded to approximately 36% of the total, whereas biofilm outcomes were close to 65% in both PP- and G-surfaces. The biofilm stages varied among the strains studied and with the material surface under the same experimental conditions. According to the generated ordinal models, the probability of adhesion and biofilm formation on PP-surface by the five S. enterica strains tested decreased at pH 4 or 5 in NaCl concentrations >4% and at a temperature <20 °C. On G-surface, the probability of adhesion increased pH 6 or 7, in the absence of NaCl and temperatures <20 °C, while, the probability of biofilm formation increased in the same pH, NaCl concentration up to 4% and temperatures ≥20 °C. This is the first study assessing the biofilm formation through categorical, ordinal responses and it shows that ordinal regression models can be useful to predict biofilm stages of S. enterica as a function of pH, NaCl, and temperature or their interactions.
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40
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Biofilm formation by Salmonella sp. in the poultry industry: Detection, control and eradication strategies. Food Res Int 2019; 119:530-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Borges KA, Furian TQ, Souza SN, Salle CTP, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Isolated from Poultry Sources in Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- KA Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - TQ Furian
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - SN Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - CTP Salle
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - HLS Moraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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42
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Sripaurya B, Ngasaman R, Benjakul S, Vongkamjan K. Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of
Salmonella
recovered from a wet market in Thailand. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bussara Sripaurya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | | | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
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43
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Yin B, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Dong P, Mao Y, Liang R, Niu L, Luo X. The Characterization of Biofilm Formation and Detection of Biofilm-Related Genes in Salmonella Isolated from Beef Processing Plants. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:660-667. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Binru Yin
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lebao Niu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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44
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Molecular Detection, Virulence Genes, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serotype enteritidis Isolated from Poultry and Clinical Samples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.69504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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45
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Parra A, Toro M, Jacob R, Navarrete P, Troncoso M, Figueroa G, Reyes-Jara A. Antimicrobial effect of copper surfaces on bacteria isolated from poultry meat. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:113-118. [PMID: 30181050 PMCID: PMC6328842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is a food product that usually carries high rates of microbial contamination, including foodborne pathogens. The poultry industry has established different systems to minimize these hazards. In recent years, extensive literature has demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of different contact surfaces made of copper to effectively reduce microbial loads. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of copper surfaces on the transmission of two foodborne pathogens – Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes – and a poultry native microbiota bacterial species – Enterobacter cloacae. We also evaluated the impact of the poultry meat matrix on the antimicrobial activity of a copper surface. Our results indicated that copper surfaces reduced the bacterial load quickly (<than 4 min) when the microorganisms were exposed to polished copper surfaces. Even when bacteria were inoculated on copper surfaces soiled with the organic matrix (washing water from poultry carcasses) and survival rates were significantly higher, an antimicrobial effect was still observed. Survival rates of two microorganisms simultaneously exposed to copper did not show significant differences. We found an antimicrobial effect over pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Results suggest a potential role for copper surfaces in the control of microbiological hazards in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Parra
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Jacob
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miriam Troncoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Figueroa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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46
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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47
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Listeria monocytogenes at chicken slaughterhouse: Occurrence, genetic relationship among isolates and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Mahdavi S, Azizi Dehbokri M, hajazimian S, Isazadeh A. Contamination of Chicken Meat With Salmonella spp Distributed in Mahabad City, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ijep.2018.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Liu
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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50
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Borges KA, Furian TQ, Souza SN, Menezes R, Tondo EC, Salle CT, Moraes HL, Nascimento VP. Biofilm formation capacity of Salmonella serotypes at different temperature conditions. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Salmonella spp. are one of the most important agents of foodborne disease in several countries, including Brazil. Poultry-derived products are the most common food products, including meat and eggs, involved in outbreaks of human salmonellosis. Salmonella has the capacity to form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. The biofilm formation process depends on an interaction among bacterial cells, the attachment surface and environmental conditions. These structures favor bacterial survival in hostile environments, such as slaughterhouses and food processing plants. Biofilms are also a major problem for public health because breakage of these structures can cause the release of pathogenic microorganisms and, consequently, product contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm production capacity of Salmonella serotypes at four different temperatures of incubation. Salmonella strains belonging to 11 different serotypes, isolated from poultry or from food involved in salmonellosis outbreaks, were selected for this study. Biofilm formation was investigated under different temperature conditions (37°, 28°, 12° and 3°C) using a microtiter plate assay. The tested temperatures are important for the Salmonella life cycle and to the poultry-products process. A total of 92.2% of the analyzed strains were able to produce biofilm on at least one of the tested temperatures. In the testing, 71.6% of the strains produced biofilm at 37°C, 63% at 28°C, 52.3% at 12°C and 39.5% at 3°C, regardless of the serotype. The results indicate that there is a strong influence of temperature on biofilm production, especially for some serotypes, such as S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar and S. Heidelberg. The production of these structures is partially associated with serotype. There were also significant differences within strains of the same serotype, indicating that biofilm production capacity may be strain-dependent.
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