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Scheik LK, Jaskulski IB, de Lima AS, Haubert L, Kroning IS, Lopes GV, da Silva WP. Occurrence, genetic diversity and resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica from Brazilian sausages collected at production facilities. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:53-61. [PMID: 38192700 PMCID: PMC10771404 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in sausages from Southern Brazil, evaluate virulence genes and determine the phenotypic and genotypic basis of antimicrobial and sanitizer resistance. Salmonella was detected in sausage samples with an overall prevalence of 5.5%. The prevalent serovars were S. Infantis and S. Rissen. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis yielded nine distinct PFGE profiles, and some of them were recurrently recovered in the same establishment on different dates. Among tested isolates, 28.5% showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and a multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile was observed in 21.4%. Resistance occurred most frequently to ampicillin, sulfonamide, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Regarding the genotypic antimicrobial resistance profile, S. Schwarzengrund carried tet(B), strA, strB, and sul2 genes. Benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine were more effective than peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, showing lower minimum inhibitory concentration values. Six Salmonella serovars were found, demonstrating a potential risk of salmonellosis associated with consuming this food. Salmonella carrying virulence genes, MDR profile, and tolerance to sanitizers is a public health concern and a challenge for the food industry, suggesting that new strategies should be developed to control this pathogen. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05809-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Itiane Barcellos Jaskulski
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Andreia Saldanha de Lima
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/nº, Caixa Postal 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS 96160-000 Brazil
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
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Zhang Y, Ouyang B, Chen Y, Zhang W, Guang C, Xu W, Mu W. Transformation of macrolides residues by a novel erythromycin esterase C (Ere C) and safety evaluation of transformed products on Caenorhabditis elegans. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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3
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fresh Produce-Associated Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci in Oman. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193085. [PMID: 36230161 PMCID: PMC9562674 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce bacteria may have phenotypic and/or genotypic antimicrobial resistance traits that may lead to various consequences on the environment and human health. This study evaluated the susceptibility of fresh produce bacteria (banana, cabbage, capsicum, carrots, cucumber, dates, lettuce, mango, papaya, pomegranate, radish, tomato and watermelon) to chlorhexidine and the antibiotic resistance of enterococci. Eighty-eight Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and 31 enterococci were screened for their susceptibility to chlorhexidine using the broth microdilution method. Susceptibility of enterococci to various antibiotics was determined using agar dilution, colorimetric, and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Enterococci were more susceptible to chlorhexidine than Enterobacteriaceae indicated by chlorhexidine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 to 8 µg/mL for the former and 1 to 64 µg/mL for the latter. The IntI 1, qacEΔ1, qacE and qacG genes were distributed weakly in three, two, two, and three Enterobacteriaceae isolates, respectively. Enterococci had resistance to chloramphenicol (3%), tetracycline (19%), erythromycin (68%), ciprofloxacin (55%), and vancomycin (10%) while 19% of them were multi-drug resistant. In conclusion, this research detected a low to moderate level of antibiotic resistance in enterococci. Some Enterobacteriaceae bacteria had reduced chlorhexidine MICs that were not 10x less than the recommended concentration (100–200 µg/mL) in food production areas which might challenge the success of the disinfection processes or have clinical implications if the involved bacteria are pathogens. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in fresh produce should be monitored in the future.
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Liu Y, Gao P, Wu Y, Wang X, Lu X, Liu C, Li N, Sun J, Xiao J, Jesus SG. The Formation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Communities During Garlic Powder Processing. Front Nutr 2022; 8:800932. [PMID: 34977133 PMCID: PMC8717741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese garlic powder (GP) is exported to all countries in the world, but the excess of microorganisms is a serious problem that affects export. The number of microorganisms has a serious impact on the pricing of GP. It is very important to detect and control the microorganism in GP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination and drug resistance of microorganisms during the processing of GP. We used metagenomics and Illumina sequencing to study the composition and dynamic distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but also the microbial community in three kinds of garlic products from factory processing. The results showed that a total of 126 ARG genes were detected in all the samples, which belonged to 11 ARG species. With the processing of GP, the expression of ARGs showed a trend to increase at first and then to decrease. Network analysis was used to study the co-occurrence patterns among ARG subtypes and bacterial communities and ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Simal-Gandara Jesus
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Chen B, Han J, Dai H, Jia P. Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117074. [PMID: 33848900 PMCID: PMC8019131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
During the current pandemic, chemical disinfectants are ubiquitously and routinely used in community environments, especially on common touch surfaces in public settings, as a means of controlling the virus spread. An underappreciated risk in current regulatory guidelines and scholarly discussions, however, is that the persisting input of chemical disinfectants can exacerbate the growth of biocide-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on those surfaces and allow their direct transfers to humans. For COVID-19, the most commonly used disinfecting agents are quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and ethanol, which account for two-thirds of the active ingredients in current EPA-approved disinfectant products for the novel coronavirus. Tolerance to each of these compounds, which can be either intrinsic or acquired, has been observed on various bacterial pathogens. Of those, mutations and horizontal gene transfer, upregulation of efflux pumps, membrane alteration, and biofilm formation are the common mechanisms conferring biocide tolerance in bacteria. Further, the linkage between disinfectant use and antibiotic resistance was suggested in laboratory and real-life settings. Evidence showed that substantial bacterial transfers to hands could effectuate from short contacts with surrounding surfaces and further from fingers to lips. While current literature on disinfectant-induced antimicrobial resistance predominantly focuses on municipal wastes and the natural environments, in reality the community and public settings are most severely impacted by intensive and regular chemical disinfecting during COVID-19 and, due to their proximity to humans, biocide-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerged in these environments may pose risks of direct transfers to humans, particularly in densely populated urban communities. Here we highlight these risk factors by reviewing the most pertinent and up-to-date evidence, and provide several feasible strategies to mitigate these risks in the scenario of a prolonging pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Han Dai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Puqi Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Zieliński M, Park J, Sleno B, Berghuis AM. Structural and functional insights into esterase-mediated macrolide resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1732. [PMID: 33741980 PMCID: PMC7979712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics widely used in both medicine and agriculture. Unsurprisingly, as a consequence of their exensive usage a plethora of resistance mechanisms have been encountered in pathogenic bacteria. One of these resistance mechanisms entails the enzymatic cleavage of the macrolides' macrolactone ring by erythromycin esterases (Eres). The most frequently identified Ere enzyme is EreA, which confers resistance to the majority of clinically used macrolides. Despite the role Eres play in macrolide resistance, research into this family enzymes has been sparse. Here, we report the first three-dimensional structures of an erythromycin esterase, EreC. EreC is an extremely close homologue of EreA, displaying more than 90% sequence identity. Two structures of this enzyme, in conjunction with in silico flexible docking studies and previously reported mutagenesis data allowed for the proposal of a detailed catalytic mechanism for the Ere family of enzymes, labeling them as metal-independent hydrolases. Also presented are substrate spectrum assays for different members of the Ere family. The results from these assays together with an examination of residue conservation for the macrolide binding site in Eres, suggests two distinct active site archetypes within the Ere enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Zieliński
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Barry Sleno
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Rajivgandhi GN, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Kanisha CC, Ramachandran G, Manoharan N, Alanzi KF. Identification of carbapenems resistant genes on biofilm forming K. pneumoniae from urinary tract infection. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1750-1756. [PMID: 33732058 PMCID: PMC7938117 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant effect of the Gram negative bacteria K. pneumoniae was identified by disc diffusion method using specific UTI panel discs of Kleb 1 HX077 and Kleb 2 HX090 HEXA. Among the multi-drug resistant bacteria, the carbapenem resistant (CR) effect of the K. pneumoniae was screened by specific carbapenem detection antibiotics of HEXA HX066 and HX0103 HEXA by disc diffusion method. In addition, the effective antibiotics were further performed against K. pneumoniae by minimum inhibition concentration method. Further, the carbapenemase genes of VIM 1 and IMP 1 were detected from the isolated strains by multiplex PCR method. Furthermore, the biofilm forming ability of selected carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae was initially identified by tissue culture plate method and confirmed by exopolysaccharide arrest ability of congo red agar assay. Finally, our result was proved that the identified K. pneumoniae is carbapenemase producing strain, and its virulence was extended with strong biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naiyf S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M. Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Govindan Ramachandran
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Manoharan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khalid F. Alanzi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Wesgate R, Menard-Szczebara F, Khodr A, Cupferman S, Maillard JY. Hydroxyethoxy phenyl butanone, a new cosmetic preservative, does not cause bacterial cross-resistance to antimicrobials. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:670-675. [PMID: 32186482 PMCID: PMC7451044 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Biocide-induced cross-resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria has been described and is a concern for regulators. We have recently reported on a new protocol to predict the propensity of biocide to induce phenotypic resistance in bacteria. Aim. To measure bacterial propensity to develop antimicrobial resistance following exposure to a new cosmetic preservative developed by L’Oréal R and I. Methodology. Well-established antimicrobials including triclosan (TRI) and benzalkonium chloride (BZC) and a new molecule hydroxyethoxy phenyl butanone (HEPB) were investigated for their antimicrobial efficacy, effect on bacterial growth, and their potential to induce resistance to chemotherapeutic antibiotics using a new predictive protocol. Results. The use of this predictive protocol with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that TRI and BZC significantly affected bacterial growth, MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). There was no change in antibiotic susceptibility profile following exposure to BZC, but E. coli became intermediate resistant to tobramycin following treatment with TRI (0.00002 % w/v). HEPB did not change the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus but E. coli became susceptible to gentamicin. TRI exposure resulted in bacterial susceptibility profile alteration consistent with the literature and confirmed the use of TRI as a positive control in such a test. Conclusion. Data produced on the propensity of a molecule to induce bacterial resistance is useful and appropriate when launching a new preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wesgate
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Ahmad Khodr
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Chevilly-Larue, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Aksoy A, El Kahlout KEM, Yardimci H. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Binzalkonium Chloride, Iodine, Gluteraldehyde and Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectants against Avian Salmonellae Focusing on Genotypic Resistance Pattern of the Salmonellae Serotypes toward Benzalkonium Chloride. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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In vitro evaluation by PCA and AHP of potential antidiabetic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented food. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Cheng G, Ning J, Ahmed S, Huang J, Ullah R, An B, Hao H, Dai M, Huang L, Wang X, Yuan Z. Selection and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Agri-food production. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:158. [PMID: 31649815 PMCID: PMC6805589 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Public unrest about the use of antimicrobial agents in farming practice is the leading cause of increasing and the emergences of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria that have placed pressure on the agri-food industry to act. The usage of antimicrobials in food and agriculture have direct or indirect effects on the development of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by bacteria associated with animals and plants which may enter the food chain through consumption of meat, fish, vegetables or some other food sources. In addition to antimicrobials, recent reports have shown that AMR is associated with tolerance to heavy metals existing naturally or used in agri-food production. Besides, biocides including disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives which are widely used in farms and slaughter houses may also contribute in the development of AMR. Though the direct transmission of AMR from food-animals and related environment to human is still vague and debatable, the risk should not be neglected. Therefore, combined global efforts are necessary for the proper use of antimicrobials, heavy metals and biocides in agri-food production to control the development of AMR. These collective measures will preserve the effectiveness of existing antimicrobials for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Cheng
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianan Ning
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Junhong Huang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- 3State key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Boyu An
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Haihong Hao
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Menghong Dai
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lingli Huang
- 2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xu Wang
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- 1MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China.,2National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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12
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Xiang W, Lu K, Zhang N, Lu Q, Xu Q. Organic Houttuynia cordata Thunb harbors higher abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes than non-organic origin, suggesting a potential food safe risk. Food Res Int 2019; 120:733-739. [PMID: 31000292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The organic agricultural products has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, a potential food safe risk, resulted by introduction more antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) accompanied with animal manure using to organic farming, has long been overlooked. In current study, the bacterial community, 22 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 4 β-lactams ARGs were respectively investigated in the organic, chemical and wild Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT). A total of 9 tetracycline, 3 aminoglycoside and 2 β-lactam ARG subtypes were detected, and the organic HCT harbored more ARG subtypes. The absolute and relative abundance of total ARGs in organic HCT was strikingly higher than that in chemical and wild HCT. The Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Pseudomonadceae, Moraxellaceae and Oxalobacteraceae were the dominant taxa in the chemical and wild HCT, but in the organic HCT, only Enterobacteriaceae posed 83.23% - 87.40% of bacterial community. Fourteen bacterial families might be the possible hosts of ARG subtypes in the HCT. Enterobacteriaceae was a possible host of most ARG subtypes, including tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE and aadA, and it was the main bacteria affecting the behavior of ARGs in the HCT. Additionally, the tetracycline ARG subtypes had more possible hosts. These results help to better understand the ARG potential food safe risk and develop effective measures to prevent the ARG dissemination in organic agricultural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Xiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Kekun Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Nandi Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qianwen Lu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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13
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Boutarfi Z, Rebiahi SA, Morghad T, Perez Pulido R, Grande Burgos MJ, Mahdi F, Lucas R, Galvez A. Biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of Enterobacter spp. isolated from an Algerian hospital environment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 18:291-297. [PMID: 31005732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, 77 Enterobacter spp. isolates from a collection of 175 Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Tlemcen University Hospital Center (North-West of Algeria) were tested for antibiotic resistance, biocide tolerance and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS The isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Biocide tolerance was determined by broth microdilution, and antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion. Genetic determinants of resistance were studied by PCR amplification using suitable primers. RESULTS The most common Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae (58.4%), followed by Enterobacter hormaechei (24.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was to ticarcillin either alone or in combination with clavulanic acid (70.1%), followed by cefepime (68.8%), cefotaxime (63.6%), ceftazidime (54.5%) and gentamicin (54.5%). Tobramycin was active against 87.0% of the isolates. Levels of biocide tolerance were high for hexachlorophene and to a lesser extent for benzalkonium chloride. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in 44.2% and 36.4% of isolates, respectively. Other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) frequently detected were aac(6')-Ib (57.1%) and sul2 (50.6%). Multidrug-resistant isolates carrying several ARGs were common. Significant positive correlations were detected for efflux pump genes with ARGs and also between ARGs. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal thatEnterobacter spp. isolates from hospital settings are both resistant to clinically-used antibiotics and tolerant to biocides. Biocide tolerance could be an advantage for antibiotic-resistant strains in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boutarfi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sid-Ahmed Rebiahi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Touhami Morghad
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ruben Perez Pulido
- Department of Health Sciences, Microbiology Division, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Fatma Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Department of Health Sciences, Microbiology Division, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Galvez
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria.
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Overview Perspective of Bacterial Strategies of Resistance to Biocides and Antibiotics. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.65744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Caschera A, Mistry KB, Bedard J, Ronan E, Syed MA, Khan AU, Lough AJ, Wolfaardt G, Foucher DA. Surface-attached sulfonamide containing quaternary ammonium antimicrobials for textiles and plastics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3140-3150. [PMID: 35518965 PMCID: PMC9059942 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the risks associated with healthcare-associated infections and the rise of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, there is an important need to control the proliferation of these factors in hospitals, retirement homes and other institutions. This work explores the development and application of a novel class of sulfonamide-based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial coatings, anchored to commercially and clinically relevant material surfaces. Synthesized in high yields (60–97%), benzophenone-anchored antimicrobials were spray-coated and UV grafted onto plastic surfaces, while silane-anchored variants were adhered to select textiles via dip-coating. Surface modified samples were characterised by advancing contact angle, anionic dye staining, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. After verifying coating quality through the above characterization methods, microbiological testing was performed on batch samples in conditions that simulate the natural inoculation of surfaces and objects (solid/air) and water containers (solid/liquid). Using the previously established Large Drop Inoculum (LDI) protocol at solid/air interfaces, all treated samples showed a full reduction (105–107 CFU) of viable Arthrobacter sp., S. aureus, and E. coli after 3 h of contact time. Additional testing of the walls of plastic LDPE vials treated with a UV-cured sulfonamide antimicrobial at a solid/liquid interface using the newly developed Large Reservoir Inoculum (LRI) protocol under static conditions revealed a complete kill (>106 reduction) of Gram-positive Arthrobacter sp., and a partial kill (>104 reduction) of Gram-negative E. coli within 24–48 h of contact. A series of surface attached silane or benzophenone sulfonamide quaternary ammonium antimicrobials show potent efficacy at solid/air and solid/liquid interfaces.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Caschera
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Kamlesh B Mistry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Joseph Bedard
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Evan Ronan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Moiz A Syed
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Aman U Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Alan J Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Gideon Wolfaardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3 .,Stellenbosch University Water Institute Secretariat, Faculty of Natural Science, Stellenbosch University South Africa
| | - Daniel A Foucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B-2K3
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Golkar T, Zieliński M, Berghuis AM. Look and Outlook on Enzyme-Mediated Macrolide Resistance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1942. [PMID: 30177927 PMCID: PMC6109786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the early 1950s, macrolide antibiotics have been used in both agriculture and medicine. Specifically, macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin have found use as substitutes for β-lactam antibiotics in patients with penicillin allergies. Given the extensive use of this class of antibiotics it is no surprise that resistance has spread among pathogenic bacteria. In these bacteria different mechanisms of resistance have been observed. Frequently observed are alterations in the target of macrolides, i.e., the ribosome, as well as upregulation of efflux pumps. However, drug modification is also increasingly observed. Two classes of enzymes have been implicated in macrolide detoxification: macrolide phosphotransferases and macrolide esterases. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on what is known about macrolide resistance with an emphasis on the macrolide phosphotransferase and esterase enzymes. Furthermore, we explore how this information can assist in addressing resistance to macrolide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolou Golkar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Fernández Márquez ML, Burgos MJG, Pulido RP, Gálvez A, López RL. Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Hen Eggshells. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:89-95. [PMID: 27841937 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from hen eggshells. A total of 39 isolates from hen eggshells, identified as either Salmonella spp. or Salmonella enterica according to 16S rDNA sequencing, were selected for biocide tolerance. Isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) above the wild-type MICs were considered to be biocide tolerant: benzalkonium chloride (BC, 7.7%), cetrimide (CT, 7.7%), hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP, 10.3%), triclosan (TC, 17.9%), hexachlorophene (CF, 30.8%), and P3-oxonia (OX, 25.6%). The resulting 21 biocide-tolerant isolates were further characterized. Most isolates (95.2%) were resistant to ampicillin, but only 9.5% were resistant to cefotaxime as well as to ceftazidime. Resistance to chloramphenicol (61.9%), tetracycline (47.6%), streptomycin (19.0%), nalidixic acid (28.6%), ciprofloxacin (9.5%), netilmicin (14.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38.1%) was also detected. Considering only antibiotics, 66.7% of isolates were multiresistant; furthermore, 90.5% were multiresistant considering antibiotics and biocides combined. Efflux pump and biocide tolerance genetic determinants detected included acrB (95.2%), oqxA (14.3%), mdfA (9.5%), qacA/B (4.8%), and qacE (9.5%). Antibiotic resistance genes detected included blaTEM (14.3%), blaCTXM-2 (4.8%), blaPSE (4.8%), floR (19.05%), tet(A) (9.5%), tet(C) (4.8%), dfrA12 (0.05%), and dfrA15 (0.05%). Significant positive correlations were detected between phenotypic tolerance/resistance to biocides, biocides and antibiotics, and also between antibiotics, suggesting that a generalized use of biocides could co-select antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Fernández Márquez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - María José Grande Burgos
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas López
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Jaén, Spain
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Noyes NR, Yang X, Linke LM, Magnuson RJ, Cook SR, Zaheer R, Yang H, Woerner DR, Geornaras I, McArt JA, Gow SP, Ruiz J, Jones KL, Boucher CA, McAllister TA, Belk KE, Morley PS. Characterization of the resistome in manure, soil and wastewater from dairy and beef production systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24645. [PMID: 27095377 PMCID: PMC4837390 DOI: 10.1038/srep24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that livestock production effluents such as wastewater, airborne dust and manure increase the density of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. The public health risk posed by this proposed outcome has been difficult to quantify using traditional microbiological approaches. We utilized shotgun metagenomics to provide a first description of the resistome of North American dairy and beef production effluents, and identify factors that significantly impact this resistome. We identified 34 mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance within 34 soil, manure and wastewater samples from feedlot, ranch and dairy operations. The majority of resistance-associated sequences found in all samples belonged to tetracycline resistance mechanisms. We found that the ranch samples contained significantly fewer resistance mechanisms than dairy and feedlot samples, and that the resistome of dairy operations differed significantly from that of feedlots. The resistome in soil, manure and wastewater differed, suggesting that management of these effluents should be tailored appropriately. By providing a baseline of the cattle production waste resistome, this study represents a solid foundation for future efforts to characterize and quantify the public health risk posed by livestock effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle R. Noyes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndsey M. Linke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Roberta J. Magnuson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dale R. Woerner
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ifigenia Geornaras
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica A. McArt
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, University of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Christina A. Boucher
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Keith E. Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paul S. Morley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Wesgate R, Grasha P, Maillard JY. Use of a predictive protocol to measure the antimicrobial resistance risks associated with biocidal product usage. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:458-64. [PMID: 26810885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we assessed the propensity of biocide exposure in the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. METHODS Our protocol is based on reporting changes in established antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in biocides and antibiotics after during use exposure to a product. The during use exposure reflects worse conditions of product use during application. It differs from the term low concentration, which usually reflects a concentration below the minimal inhibitory concentration, but not necessarily a concentration that occurs in practice. RESULTS Our results showed that exposure to triclosan (0.0004%) was associated with a high risk of developing resistance and cross-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This was not observed with exposure to chlorhexidine (0.00005%) or a hydrogen peroxide-based biocidal product (in during use conditions). Interestingly, exposure to a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.001%) carried a risk of emerging resistance to antibiotics if the presence of the oxidizing agent was maintained. We observed a number of unstable clinical resistances to antibiotics after exposure to the cationic biocide and oxidizing agent, notably to tobramycin and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid. CONCLUSIONS Using a decision tree based on the change in antimicrobial susceptibility test results, we were able to provide information on the effect of biocide exposure on the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Such information should address the call from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Union Biocidal Products Regulation for manufacturers to provide information on antimicrobial resistance and cross-resistance in bacteria after the use of their product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wesgate
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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20
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Insights into resistance mechanism of the macrolide biosensor protein MphR(A) binding to macrolide antibiotic erythromycin by molecular dynamics simulation. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:1123-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Co-Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides and Heavy Metals, and Its Relevance to Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:567-604. [PMID: 27025641 PMCID: PMC4790313 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised in recent years regarding co-selection for antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to biocides used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives, and to heavy metals (particularly copper and zinc) used as growth promoters and therapeutic agents for some livestock species. There is indeed experimental and observational evidence that exposure to these non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents can induce or select for bacterial adaptations that result in decreased susceptibility to one or more antibiotics. This may occur via cellular mechanisms that are protective across multiple classes of antimicrobial agents or by selection of genetic determinants for resistance to non-antibiotic agents that are linked to genes for antibiotic resistance. There may also be relevant effects of these antimicrobial agents on bacterial community structure and via non-specific mechanisms such as mobilization of genetic elements or mutagenesis. Notably, some co-selective adaptations have adverse effects on fitness in the absence of a continued selective pressure. The present review examines the evidence for the significance of these phenomena, particularly in respect of bacterial zoonotic agents that commonly occur in livestock and that may be transmitted, directly or via the food chain, to human populations.
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22
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Jennings MC, Minbiole KPC, Wuest WM. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: An Antimicrobial Mainstay and Platform for Innovation to Address Bacterial Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:288-303. [PMID: 27622819 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have represented one of the most visible and effective classes of disinfectants for nearly a century. With simple preparation, wide structural variety, and versatile incorporation into consumer products, there have been manifold developments and applications of these structures. Generally operating via disruption of one of the most fundamental structures in bacteria-the cell membrane-leading to cell lysis and bacterial death, the QACs were once thought to be impervious to resistance. Developments over the past decades, however, have shown this to be far from the truth. It is now known that a large family of bacterial genes (generally termed qac genes) encode efflux pumps capable of expelling many QAC structures from bacterial cells, leading to a decrease in susceptibility to QACs; methods of regulation of qac transcription are also understood. Importantly, qac genes can be horizontally transferred via plasmids to other bacteria and are often transmitted alongside other antibiotic-resistant genes; this dual threat represents a significant danger to human health. In this review, both QAC development and QAC resistance are documented, and possible strategies for addressing and overcoming QAC-resistant bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kevin P. C. Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Khan I, Shah MA, Mehmood FS, Saeed A, Sualeh M. Determination and Identification of Enterobacteriaceae in Street Vended Foods in Karachi, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.225.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Yan H, Li J, Shi L. Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains from pork and environmental samples in Xiamen, China. J Food Prot 2015; 78:78-88. [PMID: 25581181 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from swine meat and the breeding environment. A total of 102 MDR Enterobacteriaceae strains belonging to five genera were obtained from 210 samples collected from a large-scale swine farm from March 2012 to June 2013 in Xiamen, People's Republic of China. Among these MDR isolates, Escherichia coli strains were found most frequently in both meat and environmental samples, followed by Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Shigella spp. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated that 70.3 % of Escherichia and 50 % of Citrobacter isolates from meat samples shared 100 % homology with relevant isolates from environmental samples. Resistance was most frequently observed to sulfonamide, trimethoprim, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, β-lactam, and tetracycline. Close correlation was noted between antibiotic resistance phenotype and the genes responsible for resistance to sulfonamide (sulI), trimethoprim (dhfrI), aminoglycoside (aadA, aac(3)-I, aphA-1, and aac(3)-IV), chloramphenicol (catI and cmlA), β-lactam (blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaTEM), florfenicol (floR), and tetracycline (tet(A) and tet(B)), which were widely distributed with prevalences of 72.5, 6.9, 62.7, 14.7, 78.4, 11.8, 25.5, 42.2, 12.7, 14.7, 39.2, 87.2, 68.6, and 34.3 % , respectively. Class 1 integrons carrying aadA22, dfrA17-aadA5, or dfrA12-aadA2 cassette arrays were commonly found in isolates from all samples. The gene cassette aac(6')-Ib-cr-arr-3-dfrA27-aadA16 was first found in an Enterobacter amnigenus isolate. Conjugation experiments revealed the plasmid-mediated transfer of class 1 integrons. Our results indicate that swine meat and the farming environment can be sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which could be potentially transmitted to humans via the meat products industry chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, People's Republic of China
| | - He Yan
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Xiamen Yinxiang Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, People's Republic of China.
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Pérez Pulido R, Toledo J, Grande MJ, Gálvez A, Lucas R. Analysis of the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment and enterocin AS-48 addition on the bacterial communities of cherimoya pulp. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 196:62-9. [PMID: 25528726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, pulp obtained from cherimoya pulp (Annona cherimola) was inoculated with epiphytic microbiota collected from cherimoya fruits, and supplemented or not with the circular bacteriocin enterocin AS-48 (50μg/g) and then packed under vacuum. Samples supplemented or not with enterocin were treated by high hydrostatic pressure (600MPa, 8min) and then stored at 5°C for 30days. The single AS-48 treatment only delayed microbial growth non-significantly (p>0.05). HHP treatment reduced microbial counts by five log cycles, but it did not prevent further growth of survivors by day 7. The combined treatment (AS-48+HHP) was the most effective, keeping bacterial cell densities at ≤1.5 log CFU/g for up to 15days. 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis was done on amplicon libraries from the growth on TSA plates seeded with ten-fold dilutions of pulp suspensions and incubated at 22°C for 24h. The results obtained are limited by the experimental conditions used in the study, and only concern the bacterial fraction that was selected by the TSA and growth conditions used. Pantoea (Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea vagans) were the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected at highest relative abundance in bacterial biomass grown from control samples for the first 7days of storage, followed by Enterococcus gallinarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides during late storage. The single HHP treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of OTUs belonging to Pantoea and strongly increased that of endosporeformers (mainly Bacillus firmus and Bacillus stratosphericus) early after treatment, although Pantoea became again the predominant OTUs during storage. Samples singly treated with enterocin AS-48 revealed a strong inhibition of E. gallinarum as well as an early decrease in the relative abundance of Pantoea and an increased relative abundance of OTUs belonging to other Gram-negative species (mainly from genera Serratia and Pseudomonas). The strong microbial inactivation achieved by the combined treatment with enterocin and HHP reduced the levels of viable cells below detectable limits at days 0 and 1, and survivors recovered on TSA at day 7 were represented in >99% by B. firmus OTU. OTUs from endosporeformers were no longer detected during prolonged incubation, displaced by Pantoea spp., Erwinia billingiae and leuconostocs. Results from the present study indicate that HHP in combination with enterocin AS-48 is more effective in preserving the microbiological quality of cherimoya pulp during storage than the single HHP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Julia Toledo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - M José Grande
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
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