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Ma J, Dai J, Cao C, Su L, Cao M, He Y, Li M, Zhang Z, Chen J, Cui S, Yang B. Prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, contamination factors, and control methods of Salmonella spp. in retail fresh fruits and vegetables: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13407. [PMID: 39030802 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive review of Salmonella presence in retail fresh fruits and vegetables from 2010 to 2023, utilizing data from recognized sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The study incorporates a meta-analysis of prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, it scrutinizes the heterogeneous sources across various food categories and geographical regions The findings show a pooled prevalence of 2.90% (95% CI: 0.0180-0.0430), with an increase from 4.63% in 2010 to 5.32% in 2022. Dominant serovars include S. Typhimurium (29.14%, 95% CI: 0.0202-0.6571) and S. Enteritidis (21.06%, 95% CI: 0.0181-0.4872). High resistance rates were noted for antimicrobials like erythromycin (60.70%, 95% CI: 0.0000-1.0000) and amoxicillin (39.92%, 95% CI: 0.0589-0.8020). The most prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (80.23%, 95% CI: 0.5736-0.9692) and parC mutation (66.67%, 95% CI: 0.3213-0.9429). Factors such as pH, water activity, and nutrient content, along with external factors like the quality of irrigation water and prevailing climatic conditions, have significant implications on Salmonella contamination. Nonthermal sterilization technologies, encompassing chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light, are emphasized as efficacious measures to control Salmonella. This review stresses the imperative need to bolster prevention strategies and control measures against Salmonella in retail fresh fruits and vegetables to alleviate related food safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenyang Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanjie He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Yoon Y, Seo YS, Cho M. Assessment of elimination efficacy on foodborne pathogenic microbes and foulant precipitates using phytic acid and sulfamic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142706. [PMID: 38936490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the comparative efficacy of sulfamic acid (SA) and phytic acid (PA), both individually and in combination, for treating potential foodborne pathogens and pre-formed foulants. Pathogens studied included Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli DH5α, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and vegetative Bacillus cereus, in suspended aqueous solutions, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces. Inactivation kinetics for Listeria monocytogenes revealed concentration-dependent rate constants (k) of 6.6(±0.2)×10-6 M and 2.8(±0.1)×10-8 M for single treatments of SA and PA, respectively, and ranged from 6.9(±0.3) to 50.7(±2.3)×10-6 M for combined treatments with PA pre-treatment concentrations of 75-758 μM. Observable cellular abnormalities in Listeria monocytogenes, such as membrane vesiculation, chelation, cellular disruption, biomolecule leakage, and lipid peroxidation, were identified after exposure to PA or SA, either individually or in combination. The optimized combined treatment of PA and SA achieved significant removal (i.e., >3-log; 99.9%) of potential foodborne pathogens under simulated food-washing process conditions. Additionally, over 90% descaling efficacy was observed for pre-formed foulants such as CaCO3 precipitates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on quartz glass surfaces with the combined treatment. These findings provide novel insights into the versatile utility of PA and SA for optimizing combinational water disinfection systems and addressing (in)organic foulant scaling on surfaces in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- GwangJu Institute, 55, Jingoksandanjungang-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62465, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- R&D Center, Sanigen Co., Ltd., Iksan, 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Yang X, Scharff R. Foodborne Illnesses from Leafy Greens in the United States: Attribution, Burden, and Cost. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100275. [PMID: 38609013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Leafy green vegetables are a major source of foodborne illnesses. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to estimate attribution and burden of illness estimates for leafy greens. This study combines results from three outbreak-based attribution models with illness incidence and economic cost models to develop comprehensive pathogen-specific burden estimates for leafy greens and their subcategories in the United States. We find that up to 9.18% (90% CI: 5.81%-15.18%) of foodborne illnesses linked to identified pathogens are attributed to leafy greens. Including 'Unknown' illnesses not linked to specific pathogens, leafy greens account for as many as 2,307,558 (90% CI: 1,077,815-4,075,642) illnesses annually in the United States. The economic cost of these illnesses is estimated to be up to $5.278 billion (90% CI: $3.230-$8.221 billion) annually. Excluding the pathogens with small outbreak sizes, Norovirus, Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (both non-O157 and O157:H7), Campylobacter spp., and nontyphoidal Salmonella, are associated with the highest number of illnesses and greatest costs from leafy greens. While lettuce (romaine, iceberg, "other lettuce") takes 60.8% of leafy green outbreaks, it accounts for up to 75.7% of leafy green foodborne illnesses and 70% of costs. Finally, we highlighted that 19.8% of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli O157:H7 illnesses are associated with romaine among all food commodities, resulting in 12,496 estimated illnesses and $324.64 million annually in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Yang
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Robert Scharff
- Department of Human Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gonzales-Barron U, Cadavez V, De Oliveira Mota J, Guillier L, Sanaa M. A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Produce. Foods 2024; 13:1111. [PMID: 38611415 PMCID: PMC11011655 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models of Listeria monocytogenes in produce was carried out, with the objective of appraising and contrasting the effectiveness of the control strategies placed along the food chains. Despite nine of the thirteen QRA models recovered being focused on fresh or RTE leafy greens, none of them represented important factors or sources of contamination in the primary production, such as the type of cultivation, water, fertilisers or irrigation method/practices. Cross-contamination at processing and during consumer's handling was modelled using transfer rates, which were shown to moderately drive the final risk of listeriosis, therefore highlighting the importance of accurately representing the transfer coefficient parameters. Many QRA models coincided in the fact that temperature fluctuations at retail or temperature abuse at home were key factors contributing to increasing the risk of listeriosis. In addition to a primary module that could help assess current on-farm practices and potential control measures, future QRA models for minimally processed produce should also contain a refined sanitisation module able to estimate the effectiveness of various sanitisers as a function of type, concentration and exposure time. Finally, L. monocytogenes growth in the products down the supply chain should be estimated by using realistic time-temperature trajectories, and validated microbial kinetic parameters, both of them currently available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie Maisons-Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Azinheiro S, Mota S, Prado M, Lamas A, Garrido-Maestu A. Assessment of the presence of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to β-lactams in commercial ready-to-eat salad samples. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104410. [PMID: 38049272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial infection causing agent. However, other Acinetobacter spp. have also been implicated in cases of human infection. Additionally, these bacteria are known for the development of antibiotic resistance thus making the treatment of the infections they cause, challenging. Due to their relevance in clinical setups less attention has been paid to their presence in foods, and its relation with infection/dissemination routes. In the current study commercial Ready-To-Eat (RTE) salads were analyzed seeking for antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter spp. A preliminary screening allowed us to recover Gram-negative bacteria resistant to β - lactams using cefotaxime, third generation cephalosporins, as the selective agent, and this was followed by identification with CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter and 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the isolates identified as Acinetobacter spp. were reanalyzed by PCR to determine the presence of nine potential Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBL). Two commercial RTE salad brands were included in the study (2 batches per brand and 8 samples of each batch making a total of 32 independent samples), and compared against an organic lettuce. High concentrations of β - lactam, resistant bacteria were found in all the samples tested (5 log CFU/g). Additionally, 209 isolates were phenotypically characterized on CHROMagar Acinetobacter. Finally, PCR analysis identified the presence of different ESBL genes, being positive for blaACC, blaSHV, blaDHA and blaVEB; out of these, blaACC was the most prevalent. None of the isolates screened were positive for more than one gene. To conclude, it is important to highlight the fact that pathogenic species within the genus Acinetobacter spp., other than A. baumannii, have been identified bearing resistance genes not typically associated to these microorganisms highlight the importance of continuous surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra Mota
- Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Lamas A, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Evaluation of the Novel mTA10 Selective Broth, MSB, for the Co-Enrichment and Detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Salad Samples. Foods 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 38201091 PMCID: PMC10778508 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiplex assays implementing DNA-based methods have been demonstrated as suitable alternatives to culture-based microbiological methods; however, in most cases, they still require a suitable enrichment step. Finding suitable enrichment conditions for different bacteria may result in challenges. In the present study, a novel selective broth named MSB (mTA10 selective broth) was formulated for the simultaneous recovery of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Attention was paid to ensure the optimal enrichment of L. monocytogenes as its enrichment is more challenging. To this end, cellobiose was added to increase the growth of L. monocytogenes, and sodium pyruvate was also added to improve the recovery of stressed bacteria. Four selective agents were added, namely nalidixic acid, sodium cholate, lithium chloride and potassium tellurite, to control the growth of interfering microorganisms. It was concluded that the novel broth was suitable for the simultaneous enrichment of the target pathogens, allowing them to reach concentrations higher than 7 log CFU/mL for each bacterium in pure culture. Furthermore, all heavily contaminated ready-to-eat salad samples reached concentrations higher than 5 log CFU/g. Finally, after 24 h of enrichment of spiked salad, it was possible to detect concentrations below 10 CFU/25 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
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Castañeda-Ruelas GM, Arce-Navarro KS, Jiménez-Edeza M. Risk factors for listeriosis due to sausage consumption in Mexico: consumer practices, bacterial survival, and quantitative microbial risk assessment. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2163-2171. [PMID: 37454392 PMCID: PMC10484847 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), which represents a public health problem. Lm has been identified as an important contaminating bacterium of ready-to-eat meat products (RTEM) in Mexico. The objective was to explore the risk factors for acquiring listeriosis due to sausage consumption by defining the consumer profile, evaluating the survival of Lm in sausage (5, 10, and 25 °C for 32 days) and performing a quantitative microbiological risk assessment. The survey of 100 participants revealed that the factors compromising the safety of the RTEM by the consumer are the extension of the shelf life. Acquiring packaged RTEM was observed as a safe habit. All respondents stated that they were unaware of listeriosis, but 18% reported infections linked to RTEM, mainly sausage. The sausage supports the growth of Lm, whose population increases in congruence with temperature (25 °C > 10 °C >5 °C) and storage time (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in temperature decreases the adaptation time (Lag25 °C = 1.0 h, Lag10 °C= 92.5 h, Lag5 °C = 226.1 h) and increases the growth rate (μ25 °C = 4.43 CFU/h, μ10 °C = 0.075 CFU/h, μ5 °C = 0.0026 CFU/h) of Lm on the sausage. The risk of listeriosis due to sausage consumption increased according to the increase in temperature: 5.53 × 10-8-1.42 × 10-5 (5 °C), 0.00616-0.111 (10 °C), and 0.109-1.00 (25 °C). Consumer education in the hygienic management of RTEM and information on associated pathogens will minimize the risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Marisol Castañeda-Ruelas
- Programa de Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, 80013, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Kenia Sarai Arce-Navarro
- Programa de Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, 80013, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maribel Jiménez-Edeza
- Programa de Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, 80013, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Habib I, Khan M, Mohamed MYI, Ghazawi A, Abdalla A, Lakshmi G, Elbediwi M, Al Marzooqi HM, Afifi HS, Shehata MG, Al-Rifai R. Assessing the Prevalence and Potential Risks of Salmonella Infection Associated with Fresh Salad Vegetable Consumption in the United Arab Emirates. Foods 2023; 12:3060. [PMID: 37628060 PMCID: PMC10453016 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of Salmonella isolates in salad vegetables in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Out of 400 samples tested from retail, only 1.25% (95% confidence interval, 0.41-2.89) were found to be positive for Salmonella, all of which were from conventional local produce, presented at ambient temperature, and featured as loose items. The five Salmonella-positive samples were arugula (n = 3), dill (n = 1), and spinach (n = 1). The Salmonella isolates from the five samples were found to be pan-susceptible to a panel of 12 antimicrobials tested using a disc diffusion assay. Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, only two antimicrobial resistance genes were detected-one conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6')-Iaa) and the other to fosfomycin (fosA7). WGS enabled the analysis of virulence determinants of the recovered Salmonella isolates from salad vegetables, revealing a range from 152 to 165 genes, collectively grouped under five categories, including secretion system, fimbrial adherence determinants, macrophage-inducible genes, magnesium uptake, and non-fimbrial adherence determinants. All isolates were found to possess genes associated with the type III secretion system (TTSS), encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), but various genes associated with the second type III secretion system (TTSS-2), encoded by SPI-2, were absent in all isolates. Combining the mean prevalence of Salmonella with information regarding consumption in the UAE, an exposure of 0.0131 salmonellae consumed per person per day through transmission via salad vegetables was calculated. This exposure was used as an input in a beta-Poisson dose-response model, which estimated that there would be 10,584 cases of the Salmonella infection annually for the entire UAE population. In conclusion, salad vegetables sold in the UAE are generally safe for consumption regarding Salmonella occurrence, but occasional contamination is possible. The results of this study may be used for the future development of risk-based food safety surveillance systems in the UAE and to elaborate on the importance for producers, retailers, and consumers to follow good hygiene practices, particularly for raw food items such as leafy salad greens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.-Y.I.M.); (A.A.); (G.L.)
- Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.G.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.-Y.I.M.); (A.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Afra Abdalla
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.-Y.I.M.); (A.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Glindya Lakshmi
- Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (M.-Y.I.M.); (A.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed Al Marzooqi
- Food Research Section, Research and Development Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates; (H.M.A.M.); (H.S.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Hanan Sobhy Afifi
- Food Research Section, Research and Development Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates; (H.M.A.M.); (H.S.A.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Mohamed Gamal Shehata
- Food Research Section, Research and Development Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates; (H.M.A.M.); (H.S.A.); (M.G.S.)
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTACITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Rami Al-Rifai
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
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Jin B, Ma B, Mei Q, Xu S, Deng X, Hong Y, Li J, Xu H, Zhang M. Europium Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Strip Biosensors Combined with Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Simultaneous Detection of Five Zoonotic Foodborne Pathogens. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:652. [PMID: 37367017 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The five recognized zoonotic foodborne pathogens, namely, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7, pose a major threat to global health and social-economic development. These pathogenic bacteria can cause human and animal diseases through foodborne transmission and environmental contamination. Rapid and sensitive detection for pathogens is particularly important for the effective prevention of zoonotic infections. In this study, rapid and visual europium nanoparticle (EuNP)-based lateral flow strip biosensors (LFSBs) combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) were developed for the simultaneous quantitative detection of five foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Multiple T lines were designed in a single test strip for increasing the detection throughput. After optimizing the key parameters, the single-tube amplified reaction was completed within 15 min at 37 °C. The fluorescent strip reader recorded the intensity signals from the lateral flow strip and converted the data into a T/C value for quantification measurement. The sensitivity of the quintuple RPA-EuNP-LFSBs reached a level of 101 CFU/mL. It also exhibited good specificity and there was no cross-reaction with 20 non-target pathogens. In artificial contamination experiments, the recovery rate of the quintuple RPA-EuNP-LFSBs was 90.6-101.6%, and the results were consistent with those of the culture method. In summary, the ultrasensitive bacterial LFSBs described in this study have the potential for widespread application in resource-poor areas. The study also provides insights in respect to multiple detection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Mei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Hangzhou Quickgene Sci-Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hanyue Xu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Cross contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh-cut leafy vegetables: Derivation of a food safety objective and other risk management metrics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Modelling the Potential Risk of Infection Associated with Listeria monocytogenes in Irrigation Water and Agricultural Soil in Two District Municipalities in South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010181. [PMID: 35056626 PMCID: PMC8777899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the etiologic agent of listeriosis which significantly affects immunocompromised individuals. The potential risk of infection attributed to L. monocytogenes in irrigation water and agricultural soil, which are key transmission pathways of microbial hazards to the human population, was evaluated using the quantitative microbial risk assessment modelling. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations was used to characterize the risks. High counts of L. monocytogenes in irrigation water (mean: 11.96 × 102 CFU/100 mL; range: 0.00 to 56.67 × 102 CFU/100 mL) and agricultural soil samples (mean: 19.64 × 102 CFU/g; range: 1.33 × 102 to 62.33 × 102 CFU/g) were documented. Consequently, a high annual infection risk of 5.50 × 10−2 (0.00 to 48.30 × 10−2), 54.50 × 10−2 (9.10 × 10−3 to 1.00) and 70.50 × 10−2 (3.60 × 10−2 to 1.00) was observed for adults exposed to contaminated irrigation water, adults exposed to contaminated agricultural soil and children exposed to agricultural soil, respectively. This study, therefore, documents a huge public health threat attributed to the high probability of infection in humans exposed to L. monocytogenes in irrigation water and agricultural soil in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
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12
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Phan TN, Miyamoto T, Masuda Y, Hohjoh KI, Thi ANT. Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes at fish-processing plants in Vietnam. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Phan
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Ken-ichi Hohjoh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Anh Ngoc Tong Thi
- Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University
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13
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Cost Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Reuse from Secondary and Tertiary Wastewater Treatment Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation with reclaimed water is a widespread solution to coping with water scarcity, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This paper presents a systematic evaluation approach of six treatment alternatives proposed for Alexandria WWTP in Egypt as an applied example. This approach evaluates the effluent quality and cubic meter price from the proposed treatment alternatives while managing the health risks associated with reclaimed water irrigation. Rotavirus, Salmonella, Giardia duodenalis, and Ascaris were studied as waterborne pathogens. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model was used for the estimation of annual infection risks. The exposure scenarios include farmers and vegetable consumers. Activated sludge provided the lowest costs; however, it gave the lowest efficiencies and highest health risks. On the other hand, the highest efficiency and lowest health risks were obtained by the membrane bioreactor. The resulting price of a cubic meter of treated wastewater, used in irrigation, ranged from 0.082 to 0.133 USD. Irrigation using tertiary-treated wastewater achieved the target infection risk for unrestricted irrigation without using advanced treatment facilities. The results of this study could give a comprehensive view of reusing wastewater to decision-makers to address both water and food poverty not only in Egypt but also in other countries in MENA with similar economic and agro-ecological conditions.
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14
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Buscaroli E, Braschi I, Cirillo C, Fargue-Lelièvre A, Modarelli GC, Pennisi G, Righini I, Specht K, Orsini F. Reviewing chemical and biological risks in urban agriculture: A comprehensive framework for a food safety assessment of city region food systems. Food Control 2021; 126:108085. [PMID: 34345121 PMCID: PMC8080888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention to urban agriculture (UA) has recently grown among practitioners, scientists, and the public, resulting in several initiatives worldwide. Despite the positive perception of modern UA and locally grown, fresh produce, the potential food safety risks connected to these practices may be underestimated, leading to regulatory gaps. Thus, there is a need for assessment tools to evaluate the food safety risks connected to specific UA initiatives, to assist practitioners in self-evaluation and control, and to provide policy makers and scholars a means to pursue and assess food safety in city regions, avoiding either a lack or an excess of regulation that could ultimately hinder the sector. To address this aim, this paper reviews the most recent and relevant literature on UA food safety assessments. Food safety indicators were identified first. Then, a food safety assessment framework for UA initiatives was developed. The framework uses business surveys and food analyses (if available) as a data source for calculating a food safety index for single UA businesses and the whole UA landscape of a given city region. The proposed framework was designed to allow its integration into the CRFS (City Region Food System) toolkit developed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), RUAF foundation (Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security) and Wilfrid Laurier University. Connection of several biological and chemical food safety risks to UA techniques. Identifiable food safety risk factors for diverse UA practices. Framework for the assessment of food safety levels of UA initiatives. Development of a risk-based assessment that can be integrated into the FAO CRFS framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buscaroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - G C Modarelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - G Pennisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Righini
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Specht
- ILS- Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Orsini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Miguéis SDC, Tavares APM, Martins GV, Frasco MF, Sales MGF. Biosensors for European Zoonotic Agents: A Current Portuguese Perspective. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4547. [PMID: 34283108 PMCID: PMC8271446 DOI: 10.3390/s21134547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging and recurrent outbreaks caused by zoonotic agents pose a public health risk. They result in morbidity and mortality in humans and significant losses in the livestock and food industries. This highlights the need for rapid surveillance methods. Despite the high reliability of conventional pathogen detection methods, they have high detection limits and are time-consuming and not suitable for on-site analysis. Furthermore, the unpredictable spread of zoonotic infections due to a complex combination of risk factors urges the development of innovative technologies to overcome current limitations in early warning and detection. Biosensing, in particular, is highlighted here, as it offers rapid and cost-effective devices for use at the site of infection while increasing the sensitivity of detection. Portuguese research in biosensors for zoonotic pathogens is the focus of this review. This branch of research produces exciting and innovative devices for the study of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria. The studies presented here relate to the different classes of pathogens whose characteristics and routes of infection are also described. Many advances have been made in recent years, and Portuguese research teams have increased publications in this field. However, biosensing still needs to be extended to other pathogens, including potentially pandemic viruses. In addition, the use of biosensors as part of routine diagnostics in hospitals for humans, in animal infections for veterinary medicine, and food control has not yet been achieved. Therefore, a convergence of Portuguese efforts with global studies on biosensors to control emerging zoonotic diseases is foreseen for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel da Costa Miguéis
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.M.T.); (G.V.M.); (M.F.F.)
- Centro de Investigação Desenvolvimento e Inovação da Academia Militar, Academia Militar, Instituto Universitário Militar, 1169-203 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana P. M. Tavares
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.M.T.); (G.V.M.); (M.F.F.)
- BioMark@UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Gabriela V. Martins
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.M.T.); (G.V.M.); (M.F.F.)
- BioMark@UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela F. Frasco
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.M.T.); (G.V.M.); (M.F.F.)
- BioMark@UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Goreti Ferreira Sales
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.M.T.); (G.V.M.); (M.F.F.)
- BioMark@UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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16
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Zwietering MH, Garre A, Wiedmann M, Buchanan RL. All food processes have a residual risk, some are small, some very small and some are extremely small: zero risk does not exist. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Smart packaging is an emerging technology that has a great potential in solving conventional food packaging problems and in meeting the evolving packaged vegetables market needs. The advantages of using such a system lies in extending the shelf life of products, ensuring the safety and the compliance of these packages while reducing the food waste; hence, lessening the negative environmental impacts. Many new concepts were developed to serve this purpose, especially in the meat and fish industry with less focus on fruits and vegetables. However, making use of these evolving technologies in packaging of vegetables will yield in many positive outcomes. In this review, we discuss the new technologies and approaches used, or have the potential to be used, in smart packaging of vegetables. We describe the technical aspects and the commercial applications of the techniques used to monitor the quality and the freshness of vegetables. Factors affecting the freshness and the spoilage of vegetables are summarized. Then, some of the technologies used in smart packaging such as sensors, indicators, and data carriers that are integrated with sensors, to monitor and provide a dynamic output about the quality and safety of the packaged produce are discussed. Comparison between various intelligent systems is provided followed by a brief review of active packaging systems. Finally, challenges, legal aspects, and limitations facing this smart packaging industry are discussed together with outlook and future improvements.
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18
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Bernardo R, Barreto AS, Nunes T, Henriques AR. Estimating Listeria monocytogenes Growth in Ready-to-Eat Chicken Salad Using a Challenge Test for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:2427-2441. [PMID: 32609935 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing preference for convenience food products, such as ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, associated with long refrigerated shelf-lives, not requiring a heat treatment prior to consumption. Because Listeria monocytogenes is able to grow at refrigeration temperatures, inconsistent temperatures during production, distribution, and at consumer's household may allow for the pathogen to thrive, reaching unsafe limits. L. monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a rare but severe human illness, with high fatality rates, transmitted almost exclusively by food consumption. With the aim of assessing the quantitative microbial risk of L. monocytogenes in RTE chicken salads, a challenge test was performed. Salads were inoculated with a three-strain mixture of cold-adapted L. monocytogenes and stored at 4, 12, and 16 °C for eight days. Results revealed that the salad was able to support L. monocytogenes' growth, even at refrigeration temperatures. The Baranyi primary model was fitted to microbiological data to estimate the pathogen's growth kinetic parameters. Temperature effect on the maximum specific growth rate (μmax ) was modeled using a square-root-type model. Storage temperature significantly influenced μmax of L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). These predicted growth models for L. monocytogenes were subsequently used to develop a quantitative microbial risk assessment, estimating a median number of 0.00008726 listeriosis cases per year linked to the consumption of these RTE salads. Sensitivity analysis considering different time-temperature scenarios indicated a very low median risk per portion (<-7 log), even if the assessed RTE chicken salad was kept in abuse storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bernardo
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, 1300-477, Portugal
| | - António Salvador Barreto
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Henriques
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, 1300-477, Portugal
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19
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Amoah ID, Kumari S, Reddy P, Stenström TA, Bux F. Impact of informal settlements and wastewater treatment plants on helminth egg contamination of urban rivers and risks associated with exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:713. [PMID: 33074388 PMCID: PMC7572332 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The quality of surface water could be influenced by both anthropogenic and natural factors. This study was designed to determine the impact of informal settlement and wastewater treatment plants on helminth egg contamination of urban rivers and the risks associated with everyday use. We also ascertained the accumulation of these eggs in the river sediments. The study was carried out in two rivers in the eThekwini Municipality of South Africa. Grab samples were taken at different points over a 10-month period. Ascaris spp., hookworm, Toxocara spp., Trichuris spp. and Taenia spp. were the helminth eggs detected in both the water column and sediments, with mean Ascaris spp. eggs of 0-6.3 (± 5.1)/L in the water and 0-6.8 (± 5.2)/kg in sediment samples. The helminth egg concentrations showed seasonal variation, probably due to changes in infection levels of the populations or natural factors, such as rainfall. The informal settlements had a greater impact than treated wastewater. For every 10,000 recreational users of the rivers 19 to 58 may be infected under undisturbed conditions, increasing to 29-88 individuals when the riverbed is disturbed. The risk from agricultural use of the rivers was above the tolerable risk values applicable for wastewater reuse, recommended by the World Health Organization. This calls for a re-evaluation of the policies governing surface water quality assessment, where the inclusion of helminth eggs and sediment monitoring will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Dennis Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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20
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Deepnarain N, Nasr M, Amoah ID, Enitan-Folami AM, Reddy P, Stenström TA, Kumari S, Bux F. Impact of sludge bulking on receiving environment using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA)-based management for full-scale wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110660. [PMID: 32421681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During sludge bulking in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), high amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria would release into the environment, causing various human-health risks. This is the first study attempting to assess the microbial infections associated with the reuse of WWTP effluents under various bulking conditions. Three common waterborne pathogens, viz., E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Mycobacterium, were quantified from full-scale WWTPs using DNA extraction and qPCR at different sludge volume indices (SVIs). The detected pathogens were incorporated into a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model to determine the applicability of WWTP discharge for recreational (bathing) activities and agricultural practices. The QMRA exposures were children, women, and men during swimming, and farmers and vegetable consumers during irrigation. Bacterial abundance in the treated wastewater increased in response to SVIs, and the QMRA values at all bulking events exceeded the tolerable risk of one case of infection per 10,000 people per year. Hence, various disinfection scenarios (chlorination, ultraviolet, and ozonation) were hypothetically tested to control the risks associated with pathogenic bacteria, allowing for safe disposal and reuse of the treated effluent. The ultraviolet application provided the highest ability to inactivate the pathogenic bacteria, except for the case of children exposed to Salmonella infection during swimming. The reduction of Mycobacterium infection risks with either chlorination or ozonation showed inefficient results. This study would be helpful for the management of human health risks associated with effluent wastewater containing pathogens, i.e., particularly concerning the case of sludge bulking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashia Deepnarain
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Isaac Dennis Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | | | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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21
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Campagnollo FB, Furtado MM, Silva BS, Margalho LP, Carminati JA, Sant’Ana AS, Nascimento MS. A quantitative risk assessment model for salmonellosis due to milk chocolate consumption in Brazil. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Maia DSV, Haubert L, Würfel SDFR, Kroning IS, Cardoso MRDI, Lopes GV, Fiorentini ÂM, da Silva WP. Listeria monocytogenes in sliced cheese and ham from retail markets in southern Brazil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5675628. [PMID: 31834356 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in sliced cheese and ham from retail markets in southern Brazil, as well as to perform molecular characterization and to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates. Samples (n = 160) of sliced cheese and ham were collected at retail level from the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The isolation of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. was performed and the isolates were confirmed by PCR, submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Listeria monocytogenes was found in 9.4% (15/160) of the samples. All L. monocytogenes isolates were positive for the prs, inlA, inlC and inlJ genes. Salmonella spp. was not isolated. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility, one (6.6%) L. monocytogenes isolate was resistant to streptomycin and four (26.6%) to clindamycin. Macrorestriction analysis with ApaI and AscI enzymes yielded two major PFGE groups I and II. All L. monocytogenes isolates showed virulence genes, and some of them were resistant to clinically used antimicrobials, representing a risk to public health. Moreover, PFGE patterns with high similarity were visualized in L. monocytogenes isolates at different times, demonstrating adaptability of the pathogen at retail level in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Graciela Völz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Pelotas, Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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23
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A quantitative microbiological exposure assessment model for Bacillus cereus in pasteurized rice cakes using computational fluid dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108562. [PMID: 31554100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop quantitative microbial exposure assessment models for Bacillus cereus in packaged rice cakes (PRC). Probability distribution for growth of B. cereus in PRC was estimated and effects of thermal processing and acidification on extending the shelf-life of PRC were quantitatively assessed. Heat penetration curves at cold point of pasteurized PRC were successfully predicted using heat transfer simulation model and nonlinear regression model (root mean squared errors (RMSE) < 1.64 °C). The final contamination level in PRC of slab-shape package (>-0.85 log CFU/g at 95% percentile) was lower than that in oval-shape package (>3.41 log CFU/g at 95% percentile). This is due to the shorter come-up time at the cold point in the slab-shape in comparison with the oval package. Acidification significantly inhibited the growth of B. cereus and decreased the thermal resistance of B. cereus, which resulted in a decrease of the median values (1.82 log CFU/g for both B2C and B2B products). Results of quantitative microbial exposure assessment for Bacillus cereus in PRC showed that a combination of acidification and low temperature pasteurization could improve the safety of PRC (<-2.43 log CFU/g at 95% percentile).
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24
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Oliveira NA, Bittencourt GM, Barancelli GV, Kamimura ES, Lee SHI, Oliveira CAF. Listeria monocytogenes in Brazilian foods: occurrence, risks to human health and their prevention. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.7.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen which occurs mainly in ready-to-eat food products, especially in artisanal products manufactured from raw milk such as some types of cheese, meat products and leafy vegetables. L. monocytogenes requires special attention in the food industry because of its ability to survive under adverse conditions and form biofilms on different surfaces in food processing environments. The potential for product contamination by L. monocytogenes strains in the industrial environment emphasizes the importance of preventive measures in the food industry. This review presents an overview on the main characteristics, pathogenicity and occurrence data of L. monocytogenes in Brazilian foods. The main prevention measures to avoid contamination by L. monocytogenes in foods are also highlighted, especially the adoption of quality assurance programs by the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Albertina Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marques Bittencourt
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Giovana Verginia Barancelli
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Eliana Setsuko Kamimura
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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25
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Ma C, Song D, Gu Q, Li P, Zhan L. Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays allow the rapid detection of
Listeria monocytogenes
in fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dafeng Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Lingzhi Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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26
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Söderqvist K, Rosberg AK, Boqvist S, Alsanius B, Mogren L, Vågsholm I. Season and Species: Two Possible Hurdles for Reducing the Food Safety Risk of Escherichia coli O157 Contamination of Leafy Vegetables. J Food Prot 2019; 82:247-255. [PMID: 30681384 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The food safety risk of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection per serving of leafy vegetables was investigated using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. The estimated level of E. coli O157 contamination was based on observed numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli on leafy vegetables grown and processed in southern Sweden from 2014 to 2016. Samples were collected before harvest, after washing, and at the end of shelf life. The observed counts were combined with data on the ratio of E. coli to E. coli O157 taken from earlier studies to estimate the probability of illness. The risks of STEC infection associated with species, either spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) or rocket ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia), growing season (spring or autumn), and washing (washed or not washed) were then evaluated. The results indicated that leafy vegetable species and growing season could be possible hurdles for reducing the food safety risk of STEC infection. At harvest, the probability of infection was 87% lower when consuming rocket compared with spinach and 90% lower when consuming leafy vegetables grown in spring compared with autumn. These relative risk reductions remained consistent even with other serving sizes and dose-response models. The lowest risk of STEC infection was associated with leafy vegetables early in the production chain, i.e., before harvest, while the risk increased during storage and processing. Consequently, the highest risk was observed when leafy vegetables were consumed at the end of shelf life. Washing had no effect on the food safety risk of STEC infection in this study. To improve the quality of QMRA, there is a need for additional data on the relationship between indicator organisms that can be easily enumerated (e.g., E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae) and E. coli strains that can cause STEC infection (e.g., E. coli O157) but are difficult to identify in food samples such as leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Söderqvist
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-1949 [K.S.])
| | - Anna Karin Rosberg
- 2 Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-1949 [K.S.])
| | - Beatrix Alsanius
- 2 Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Lars Mogren
- 2 Department of Biosystems and Technology, Microbial Horticulture Unit, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ivar Vågsholm
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7036, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-1949 [K.S.])
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27
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Miceli A, Settanni L. Influence of agronomic practices and pre-harvest conditions on the attachment and development of Listeria monocytogenes in vegetables. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-1435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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de Oliveira Elias S, Noronha TB, Tondo EC. Assessment of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth on lettuce exposed to isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Food Microbiol 2018; 72:206-213. [PMID: 29407399 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the growth of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce exposed to isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Pathogens were inoculated on lettuce separately and stored under isothermal condition at 5 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C for both bacteria, at 40 °C for Salmonella and 42 °C for E. coli O157:H7. Growth curves were built by fitting the data to the Baranyi's DMFit, generating R2 values greater than 0.92 for primary models. Secondary models were fitted with Ratkowsky equations, generating R2 values higher than 0.91 and RMSE lower than 0.1. Experimental data showed that both bacteria could grow at all temperatures. Also, the growth of both pathogens under non-isothermal conditions was studied simulating temperatures found from harvest to supermarkets in Brazil. Models were analysed by R2, RMSE, bias factor (Bf) and accuracy factor (Af). Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were able to grow in this temperature profile and the models could predict the behavior of these microorganisms on lettuce under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Based on the results, a negligible growth time (ς) was proposed to provide the time which lettuce could be exposed to a specific temperature and do not present an expressive growth of bacteria. The ς was developed based on Baranyi's primary model equation and on growth potential concept. ς is the value of lag phase added of the time necessary to population grow 0.5 log CFU/g. The ς of lettuce exposed to 37 °C was 1.3 h, while at 5 °C was 3.3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana de Oliveira Elias
- Departamento de Ciências dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédio 43212 Agronomia, CEP: 91505-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Baptista Noronha
- Departamento de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense, Rua General Balbão, 81, CEP 96745-000, Charqueadas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Cesar Tondo
- Departamento de Ciências dos Alimentos, UFRGS/ICTA, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédio 43212 Agronomia, CEP: 91505-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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29
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Amoah ID, Reddy P, Seidu R, Stenström TA. Removal of helminth eggs by centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment plants in South Africa and Lesotho: health implications for direct and indirect exposure to the effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12883-12895. [PMID: 29478163 PMCID: PMC5942351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater may contain contaminants harmful to human health; hence, there is the need for treatment before discharge. Centralized wastewater treatment systems are the favored treatment options globally, but these are not necessarily superior in reduction of pathogens as compared to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (collectively called DEWATS). This study was therefore undertaken to assess the soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and Taenia sp. egg reduction efficiency of selected anaerobic baffled reactors and planted gravel filters compared to centralized wastewater treatment plants in South Africa and Lesotho. The risk of ascariasis with exposure to effluents from the centralized wastewater treatment plants was also assessed using the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) approach. Eggs of Ascaris spp., hookworm, Trichuris spp., Taenia spp., and Toxocara spp. were commonly detected in the untreated wastewater. The DEWATS plants removed between 95 and 100% of the STH and Taenia sp. eggs, with centralized plants removing between 67 and 100%. Helminth egg concentrations in the final effluents from the centralized wastewater treatment plants were consistently higher than those in the WHO recommended guideline (≤ 1 helminth egg/L) for agricultural use resulting in higher risk of ascariasis. Therefore, in conclusion, DEWATS plants may be more efficient in reducing the concentration of helminth eggs in wastewater, resulting in lower risks of STH infections upon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Dennis Amoah
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Poovendhree Reddy
- Department of Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Razak Seidu
- Water and Environmental Engineering Group, Institute for Marine Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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30
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Segura-Ponce LA, Reyes JE, Troncoso-Contreras G, Valenzuela-Tapia G. Effect of Low-pressure Cold Plasma (LPCP) on the Wettability and the Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua on Fresh-Cut Apple (Granny Smith) Skin. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernández Escámez PS, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Takkinen J, Wagner M, Arcella D, Da Silva Felicio MT, Georgiadis M, Messens W, Lindqvist R. Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods and the risk for human health in the EU. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05134. [PMID: 32760461 PMCID: PMC7391409 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have been applied from 2006 onwards (Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005). Still, human invasive listeriosis was reported to increase over the period 2009-2013 in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Time series analysis for the 2008-2015 period in the EU/EEA indicated an increasing trend of the monthly notified incidence rate of confirmed human invasive listeriosis of the over 75 age groups and female age group between 25 and 44 years old (probably related to pregnancies). A conceptual model was used to identify factors in the food chain as potential drivers for L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE foods and listeriosis. Factors were related to the host (i. population size of the elderly and/or susceptible people; ii. underlying condition rate), the food (iii. L. monocytogenes prevalence in RTE food at retail; iv. L. monocytogenes concentration in RTE food at retail; v. storage conditions after retail; vi. consumption), the national surveillance systems (vii. improved surveillance), and/or the bacterium (viii. virulence). Factors considered likely to be responsible for the increasing trend in cases are the increased population size of the elderly and susceptible population except for the 25-44 female age group. For the increased incidence rates and cases, the likely factor is the increased proportion of susceptible persons in the age groups over 45 years old for both genders. Quantitative modelling suggests that more than 90% of invasive listeriosis is caused by ingestion of RTE food containing > 2,000 colony forming units (CFU)/g, and that one-third of cases are due to growth in the consumer phase. Awareness should be increased among stakeholders, especially in relation to susceptible risk groups. Innovative methodologies including whole genome sequencing (WGS) for strain identification and monitoring of trends are recommended.
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32
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Fernández MV, Agüero MV, Jagus RJ. Green tea extract: A natural antimicrobial with great potential for controlling native microbiota,
Listeria innocua
and
Escherichia coli
in fresh‐cut beet leaves. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Verónica Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería (INTECIN), Facultad de IngenieríaBuenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial: Tecnología de alimentosBuenos Aires Argentina
- Peruilh Foundation, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina
| | - María Victoria Agüero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería (INTECIN), Facultad de IngenieríaBuenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial: Tecnología de alimentosBuenos Aires Argentina
| | - Rosa Juana Jagus
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería (INTECIN), Facultad de IngenieríaBuenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial: Tecnología de alimentosBuenos Aires Argentina
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33
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Effect of intervention strategies on the risk of infection from Listeria monocytogenes due to consumption of fresh baby spinach leaves: A quantitative approach. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Pérez‐Rodríguez F, Carrasco E, Bover‐Cid S, Jofré A, Valero A. Closing gaps for performing a risk assessment on Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods: activity 2, a quantitative risk characterization on L. monocytogenes in RTE foods; starting from the retail stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Bover‐Cid
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Food Safety Programme Spain
| | - Anna Jofré
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Food Safety Programme Spain
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35
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A 3-year multi-food study of the presence and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in 54 small food businesses in Ireland. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 249:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Camino Feltes MM, Arisseto-Bragotto AP, Block JM. Food quality, food-borne diseases, and food safety in the Brazilian food industry. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqs/fyx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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37
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Oh YJ, Song AY, Min SC. Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium on radish sprouts using nitrogen-cold plasma. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 249:66-71. [PMID: 28319800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cold plasma treatment (CPT) on the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium on radish sprouts and the quality attributes of the sprouts. Radish sprouts were treated with nitrogen (N2)-cold plasma at 900W and 667Pa for 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20min using a microwave-powered CPT system. The sensory attributes of the radish sprouts, appearance and odor, were evaluated before and after the treatment. The effects of N2-CPT for 10min on microbial growth and the quality attributes of the radish sprouts were evaluated during storage for 12days at 4 and 10°C. N2-CPT at 900W and 667Pa for 20min reduced the number of S. typhimurium by 2.6±0.4logCFU/g. The moisture content of the radish sprouts decreased with treatment time. The appearance and odor of the radish sprouts were not altered by CPT (p>0.05) and this treatment did not affect the quality attributes of the sprouts in terms of color, ascorbic acid concentration, or antioxidant activity during storage at both 4 and 10°C. These findings suggest that CPT has the potential to improve the microbiological safety of radish sprouts with reference to S. typhimurium during cold storage without significant detriment to its quality properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea C Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Nunes MM, Caldas ED. Preliminary Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Staphylococcus enterotoxins in fresh Minas cheese, a popular food in Brazil. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Quantitative assessment of the impact of cross-contamination during the washing step of ready-to-eat leafy greens on the risk of illness caused by Salmonella. Food Res Int 2017; 92:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in probiotic cottage cheese formulations with reduced sodium content. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Lee H, Kim JE, Min SC. Quantitative risk assessments of the effect of an edible defatted soybean meal-based antimicrobial film on the survival of Salmonella on ham. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Jacxsens L, Ibañez IC, Gómez-López VM, Fernandes JA, Allende A, Uyttendaele M, Huybrechts I. Belgian and Spanish consumption data and consumer handling practices for fresh fruits and vegetables useful for further microbiological and chemical exposure assessment. J Food Prot 2015; 78:784-95. [PMID: 25836406 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A consumer survey was organized in Spain and Belgium to obtain consumption data and to gain insight into consumer handling practices for fresh vegetables consumed raw or minimally processed (i.e., heads of leafy greens, bell peppers, tomatoes, fresh herbs, and precut and packed leafy greens) and fruits to be consumed without peeling (i.e., apples, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, other berries, fresh juices, and precut mixed fruit). This information can be used for microbiological and/or chemical food safety research. After extensive cleanup of rough databases for missing and extreme values and age correction, information from 583 respondents from Spain and 1,605 respondents from Belgium (18 to 65 years of age) was retained. Daily intake (grams per day) was calculated taking into account frequency and seasonality of consumption, and distributions were obtained that can be used in quantitative risk assessment for chemical hazards with chronic effects on human health. Data also were recalculated to obtain discrete distributions of consumption per portion and the corresponding frequency of consumption, which can be used in acute microbiological risk assessment or outbreak investigations. The ranked median daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was similar in Spain and Belgium: apple > strawberry > grapes > strawberries and raspberries; and tomatoes > leafy greens > bell peppers > fresh herbs. However, vegetable consumption was higher (in terms of both portion and frequency of consumption) in Spain than in Belgium, whereas the opposite was found for fruit consumption. Regarding consumer handling practices related to storage time and method, Belgian consumers less frequently stored their fresh produce in a refrigerator and did so for shorter times compared with Spanish consumers. Washing practices for lettuce heads and packed leafy greens also were different. The survey revealed differences between these two countries in consumption and consumer handling practices, which can have an impact on outcomes of future microbiological or chemical risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jacxsens
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Castro Ibañez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - V M Gómez-López
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain; Cátedra Alimentos para la Salud, Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain
| | - J Araujo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Allende
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - M Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 blok A-2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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43
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Stals A, Jacxsens L, Baert L, Van Coillie E, Uyttendaele M. A quantitative exposure model simulating human norovirus transmission during preparation of deli sandwiches. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 196:126-36. [PMID: 25544470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of food borne gastroenteritis worldwide. They are often transmitted via infected and shedding food handlers manipulating foods such as deli sandwiches. The presented study aimed to simulate HuNoV transmission during the preparation of deli sandwiches in a sandwich bar. A quantitative exposure model was developed by combining the GoldSim® and @Risk® software packages. Input data were collected from scientific literature and from a two week observational study performed at two sandwich bars. The model included three food handlers working during a three hour shift on a shared working surface where deli sandwiches are prepared. The model consisted of three components. The first component simulated the preparation of the deli sandwiches and contained the HuNoV reservoirs, locations within the model allowing the accumulation of NoV and the working of intervention measures. The second component covered the contamination sources being (1) the initial HuNoV contaminated lettuce used on the sandwiches and (2) HuNoV originating from a shedding food handler. The third component included four possible intervention measures to reduce HuNoV transmission: hand and surface disinfection during preparation of the sandwiches, hand gloving and hand washing after a restroom visit. A single HuNoV shedding food handler could cause mean levels of 43±18, 81±37 and 18±7 HuNoV particles present on the deli sandwiches, hands and working surfaces, respectively. Introduction of contaminated lettuce as the only source of HuNoV resulted in the presence of 6.4±0.8 and 4.3±0.4 HuNoV on the food and hand reservoirs. The inclusion of hand and surface disinfection and hand gloving as a single intervention measure was not effective in the model as only marginal reductions of HuNoV levels were noticeable in the different reservoirs. High compliance of hand washing after a restroom visit did reduce HuNoV presence substantially on all reservoirs. The model showed that good handling practices such as washing hands after a restroom visit, hand gloving, hand disinfection and surface disinfection in deli sandwich bars were an effective way to prevent HuNoV contamination of the prepared foods, but it also demonstrated that further research is needed to ensure a better assessment of the risk of HuNoV transmission during preparation of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroos Stals
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Flemish Government, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Leen Baert
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Flemish Government, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Sciences Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Falowo AB, Fayemi PO, Muchenje V. Natural antioxidants against lipid–protein oxidative deterioration in meat and meat products: A review. Food Res Int 2014; 64:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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