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Han X, Lin H, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Wei X, Sun X, Xie H, Pavase TR, Cao L, Sui J. Amide-containing neoepitopes: the key factor in the preparation of hapten-specific antibodies and a strategy to overcome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144020. [PMID: 37342337 PMCID: PMC10277511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, people have suffered from uncertainty, complexity, and a low success rate in generating and screening antibodies against small molecules, which have become the core bottlenecks of immunochemistry. Here, the influence of antigen preparation on antibody generation was investigated at both molecular and submolecular levels. Neoepitopes (amide-containing neoepitopes) formed in the preparation of complete antigens are one of the most important factors limiting the efficiency of generating hapten-specific antibodies, which was verified by different haptens, carrier proteins, and conjugation conditions. Amide-containing neoepitopes present electron-dense structural components on the surface of prepared complete antigens and, therefore, induce the generation of the corresponding antibody with much higher efficiency than target hapten. Crosslinkers should be carefully selected and not overdosed. According to these results, some misconceptions in the conventional anti-hapten antibody production were clarified and corrected. By controlling the content of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) during the synthesis of immunogen to limit the formation of amide-containing neoepitopes, the efficiency of hapten-specific antibody generation could be significantly improved, which verified the correctness of the conclusion and provided an efficient strategy for antibody preparation. The result of the work is of scientific significance in the preparation of high-quality antibodies against small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanyi Xie
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Elfadil D, Della Pelle F, Compagnone D, Amine A. Green Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Erythrosine B Associated with Smartphone Detection in Food Samples. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7653. [PMID: 36363243 PMCID: PMC9655850 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring synthetic colorants in foods is important due to their potential toxicity and pathogenicity. We propose here a new and simple method for the extraction and determination of erythrosine B (ERT-B) in food samples. A composite of polydopamine-based molecularly imprinted polymers coating magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA@MIP) was synthesized using a green approach and exploited for the magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) of ERT-B. Fe3O4@PDA@MIP provides a rapid extraction of ERT-B, exhibiting good reusability and preconcentration ability. Moreover, the MIP showed a relatively good imprinting factor (3.0 ± 0.05), demonstrating excellent selectivity against patent blue (an interfering dye) and other food matrix components. The proposed MDSPE was coupled to colorimetric smartphone-based detection that allowed us to obtain similar performances of UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. The smartphone-based optical detection facilitated the determination of ERT-B in the 0.5-10 mg/L range, with a limit of detection of 0.04 mg/L. The developed method was successfully employed to determine ERT-B in food samples (juice, candy, and candied cherries) with good recovery values (82-97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Elfadil
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
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3
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Ultrasensitive immuno-PCR for detecting aflatoxin B1 based on magnetic separation and barcode DNA. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Berlina AN, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. ELISA and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Food Colorants: State of the Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:209-223. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1503942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Berlina
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Using of Tyramine Signal Amplification to Improve the Sensitivity of ELISA for Aflatoxin B1 in Edible Oil Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Xu K, Long H, Xing R, Yin Y, Eremin SA, Meng M, Xi R. A sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect Chromotrope FB (Chr FB) in foods. Talanta 2017; 164:341-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Simultaneous determination of β 2 -agonists clenbuterol and salbutamol in water and swine feed samples by dual-labeled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Sharifzade G, Asghari A, Rajabi M. Highly effective adsorption of xanthene dyes (rhodamine B and erythrosine B) from aqueous solutions onto lemon citrus peel active carbon: characterization, resolving analysis, optimization and mechanistic studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrosine B (EB) and rhodamine B (RB) dyes that were selected as model of xanthene dyes for dye adsorption from aqueous solution, were removed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Asghari
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 35195-363
- Iran
| | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 35195-363
- Iran
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