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Iannone A, Carriera F, Passarella S, Fratianni A, Avino P. There's Something in What We Eat: An Overview on the Extraction Techniques and Chromatographic Analysis for PFAS Identification in Agri-Food Products. Foods 2024; 13:1085. [PMID: 38611389 PMCID: PMC11011820 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic chemicals used in a range of industrial processes and consumer products. Recently, their ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as their toxicological effects in humans have gained relevant attention. Although the occurrence of PFASs is widely investigated in scientific community, the standardization of analytical method for all matrices still remains an important issue. In this review, we discussed extraction and detection methods in depth to evaluate the best procedures of PFAS identification in terms of analytical parameters (e.g., limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recoveries). Extraction approaches based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), alkaline digestion, and solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are the main analytical methods applied in the literature. The results showed detectable recoveries of PFOA and PFOS in meat, milk, vegetables, eggs products (90.6-101.2% and of 89.2-98.4%), and fish (96-108%). Furthermore, the low LOD and LOQ values obtained for meat (0.00592-0.01907 ng g-1; 0.050 ng g-1), milk (0.003-0.009 ng g-1; 0.010-0.027 ng g-1), fruit (0.002-0.009 ng g-1; 0.006-0.024 ng g-1), and fish (0.00369-0.017.33 ng g-1; 0.05 ng g-1) also confirmed the effectiveness of the recent quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) for simple, speedy, and sensitive ultra-trace PFAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Iannone
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, IT-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.I.); (F.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Fabiana Carriera
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, IT-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.I.); (F.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Sergio Passarella
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, IT-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.I.); (F.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandra Fratianni
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, IT-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.I.); (F.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, IT-86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.I.); (F.C.); (S.P.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rome, c/o Ministry of Environment and Energy Security, Via Cristoforo Colombo 44, IT-00147 Rome, Italy
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2
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Yu XY, Yang C, Gao J, Xiong J, Sui X, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Son J. Molecular detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1253685. [PMID: 37867995 PMCID: PMC10587417 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1253685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is crucial in environmental mitigation and remediation of these persistent pollutants. We demonstrate that time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a viable technique to analyze and identify these substances at parts per trillion (ppt) level in real field samples without complicated sample preparation due to its superior surface sensitivity. Several representative PFAS compounds, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and real-world groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed around at a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Southern California were analyzed in this work. ToF-SIMS spectral comparison depicts sensitive identification of pseudo-molecular ions, characteristic of reference PFASs. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) shows clear discrimination among real samples and reference compounds. Our results show that characteristic molecular ion and fragments peaks can be used to identify PFASs. Furthermore, SIMS two-dimensional (2D) images directly exhibit the distribution of perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) and PFOS in simulated mixtures and real wastewater samples. Such findings indicate that ToF-SIMS is useable to determine PFAS compounds in complex environmental water samples. In conclusion, ToF-SIMS provides simple sample preparation and high sensitivity in mass spectral imaging, offering an alternative solution for environmental forensic analysis of PFASs in wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Cuiyun Yang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jun Gao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - John Xiong
- Haley & Aldrich Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Xiao Sui
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jiyoung Son
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, United States
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3
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Esposito G, Sciuto S, Martello E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. Disclosing Frauds in Herbal Food Supplements Labeling: A Simple LC-MS/MS Approach to Detect Alkaloids and Biogenic Amines. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100152. [PMID: 37640156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements are a category of products perceived safe and therefore commonly used by different categories of consumers without any particular attention or precaution. However, health risks associated with the consumption of supplements containing undeclared substances cannot be excluded. A variety of analytical methods are used to control supplement quality composition, but usually, these procedures are complex and time-consuming. Here, we report the results of a simple and fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, to detect and quantify simultaneously different categories of active molecules, such as biogenic ammines and natural alkaloids that at high doses can produce negative health effect in consumers. Three categories of products intended for body weight loss, energy boosting, and erectile dysfunction treatment, purchased through e-commerce sites and from local supermarkets, were analyzed (n = 91). The caffeine, synephrine, agmatine sulfate, yohimbine, phenethylamine, and icariin were correctly separated and identified with good precision (RSD < 20%) and recovery (89-109%). The identification and quantification of the analytes in real samples highlighted that the 26% of the samples were not compliant with labeling, confirming that frauds are very common also in the natural supplements market. This LC-MS/MS method could be easily used to test natural supplements in order to check the correct labeling and to protect consumers from potential health risks and food frauds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148 - 10154, Turin, Italy
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4
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Pasecnaja E, Bartkevics V, Zacs D. Occurrence of selected per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in food available on the European market - A review on levels and human exposure assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132378. [PMID: 34592212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are considered emerging persistent organic pollutants, which are chemically, thermally, and biologically stable, or degrade to persistent end products. Dietary intake is considered as one of the main human exposure pathways of these chemicals and, having entered the human body, PFASs are not metabolised and accumulate in tissues, while their toxicological properties may cause various health problems. Several studies on the occurrence of PFASs in various food types have been conducted, including the assessment of dietary exposure. The most important sources were fish, meat, eggs, fruits, and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables recently showed relatively high levels of PFASs, and have become a more significant source of PFASs than meat. In 2020, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published an opinion, setting the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng kg-1 b.w. for the sum of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexanesulphonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS). The emphasis in this paper is on the systematization of available information on the distribution of PFASs and their levels in different food, with a special interest in data from the Europe. The current legislation and estimated dietary intakes by the general population are described. While the available information on tolerably daily intakes estimated in a number of European countries often exceeds the newly established EFSA TWI, a critical evaluation of performance characteristics of the reviewed analytical methodologies revealed the insufficient sensitivity of quantification procedures for accurate risk assessment according to the guidelines proposed by EFSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Pasecnaja
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga, LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga, LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga, LV-1076, Latvia
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Chiesa LM, Pavlovic R, Arioli F, Nobile M, Di Cesare F, Mosconi G, Falletta E, Malandra R, Panseri S. Presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Mediterranean sea and North Italian lake fish addressed to Italian consumer. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi, 19 ‐ Corpo A Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Renato Malandra
- Director of Veterinary Unit ATS Milano‐Città metropolitana Via Celoria 10 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety University of Milan Via dell’ Università 6 Lodi 26900 Italy
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6
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Qi X, Zhou J, Wang M, Yang MR, Tang XY, Mao XF, Wang TT. Perfluorinated compounds in poultry products from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:1079-1086. [PMID: 31466148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken, duck, egg, and duck egg samples from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions in China were analyzed for 17 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). The concentrations of PFCs in chicken and duck livers ranged from <LOD to 35.53 μg/kg and 40.41 μg/kg, respectively, which is higher than in other tissues. PFDA was the predominant PFC in live with mean concentrations of 2.09 μg/kg and 1.73 μg/kg in chicken and duck livers, respectively. The mean ∑PFCs concentrations were 1.87 μg/kg and 1.88 μg/kg in chicken and duck eggs, respectively. The mean PFC concentrations were also similar in the subcutaneous fat of both chicken and duck. The total PFC concentrations in chicken and ducks ranged from <LOD to 54.63 μg/kg and 10.21 μg/kg. The current concentration levels of PFCs would not cause health risks to adults even with the frequent consumption of poultry products. However, the higher concentrations of PFCs in chicken and chicken eggs might cause health risks in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Meng-Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue-Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Zhou Y, Lian Y, Sun X, Fu L, Duan S, Shang C, Jia X, Wu Y, Wang M. Determination of 20 perfluoroalkyl substances in greenhouse vegetables with a modified one-step pretreatment approach coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS-MS). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:470-479. [PMID: 31003132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new rapid modified one-step QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from samples of cucumber, lettuce, eggplant, tomato, and leek. Several parameters were optimized. Similar pretreatment approaches were employed for comparison; the results verified the satisfactory performance of this new method. The detection limits of this method for the selected matrices ranged from 0.003 to 0.034 μg kg-1, and the method was verified to be satisfactory in terms of precision, accuracy, and matrix effects. 35 greenhouse vegetable samples were determined. PFASs were detected in 26 samples, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected most frequently and much higher levels of PFBA and PFPeA being found in some samples. The total PFAS concentrations ranged from not detectable to 0.683 μg kg-1. This method could be applied for large scale determination of vegetables to research the migration and accumulation trends of PFASs from the environment to crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Yujing Lian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Suran Duan
- Jining Center for Food and Control, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Jining Center for Food and Control, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China; China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100017, PR China
| | - Minglin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China.
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8
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Esposito G, Sciuto S, Acutis PL. Quantification of TMA in fishery products by direct sample analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Simultaneous determination of 21 trace perfluoroalkyl substances in fish by isotope dilution ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:45-52. [PMID: 29567443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been identified as emerging environmental contaminants. In this study, an efficient and accurate ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 21 PFASs in fish. Acetonitrile was used for sample extraction. Solid phase extraction (SPE) by WAX cartridges and then freezing at -30 °C were adopted as cleanup strategies. Strict measurements were performed to control background contamination during the whole procedure. Matrix effects were evaluated by external standard and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) methods. IDMS can compensate the matrix effects to a large extent. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 2 pg/g to 10 pg/g except for PFBA (120 pg/g). The method quantitation limits (MQLs) ranged from 5 pg/g to 30 pg/g except for PFBA (300 pg/g). The matrix spiked recoveries of three spiked levels were in the range of 79.6%-109%. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD were from 0.94% to 13.9% and 0.36% to 11.2% respectively. Two fish tissue reference materials were analyzed by the developed method. The results of reference materials were within the uncertainty of the given value. The quantitative results of IDMS and standard addition (SA) - IDMS were comparable. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method was applied for PFASs detection in 20 marine fish samples. 9 PFASs were detected in the samples with the ∑9PFASs concentration range of 0.04 to 2.14 ng/g wet weight (ww).
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10
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Determination of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids and Perfluorosulfonic Acids in Aquatic Products by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe Sample Preparation with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Núñez M, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Fontanals N. Sample treatment for the determination of emerging organic contaminants in aquatic organisms. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Xiang L, Chen L, Xiao T, Mo CH, Li YW, Cai QY, Li H, Zhou DM, Wong MH. Determination of Trace Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids in Edible Crop Matrices: Matrix Effect and Method Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8763-8772. [PMID: 28905619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A robust method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine trace perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in various edible crop matrices including cereal (grain), root vegetable (carrot), leafy vegetable (lettuce), and melon vegetable (pumpkin) using ultrasonic extraction followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup and high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The varieties of extractants and cleanup cartridges, the usage of Supelclean graphitized carbon, and the matrix effect and its potential influencing factors were estimated to gain an optimal extraction procedure. The developed method presented high sensitivity and accuracy with the method detection limits and the recoveries at four fortification levels in various matrices ranging from 0.017 to 0.180 ng/g (dry weight) and from 70% to 114%, respectively. The successful application of the developed method to determine PFCAs in various crops sampled from several farms demonstrated its practicability for regular monitoring of PFCAs in real crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Institute of Education , Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Sungur Ş. Dietary exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS): a review of recent literature. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1346685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şana Sungur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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14
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A Robust Method for Routine Analysis of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) in Various Edible Crop Matrices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Bao Y, Qu Y, Huang J, Cagnetta G, Yu G, Weber R. First assessment on degradability of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a high volume alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate in fire-fighting foams and oil production agents in China. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First report on biotic and abiotic degradability assessment of the fluorinated surfactants OBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Bao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
| | - Yingxi Qu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC)
- School of Environment
- POPs Research Center
- Tsinghua University
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting
- D-73527 SchwäbischGmünd
- Germany
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Qiu T, Chen M, Sun X, Cao J, Feng C, Li D, Wu W, Jiang L, Yao X. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced insulin resistance is mediated by protein kinase B pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:781-785. [PMID: 27363333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant, is blamed to be associated with the incidence of insulin resistance in the general human population. In this study, we found that PFOS inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase B (AKT), a key mediator of cellular insulin sensitivity, in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The mRNA level of the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, a downstream target gene of AKT, was increased in PFOS-treated cells. Due to stimulated gluconeogenesis, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was decreased in HepG2 cells. In our previous study, we found that PFOS disturbed autophagy in HepG2 cells. We proposed that PFOS could inhibit the activation of AKT through inhibiting mTORC2, a key regulator of autophagy. In this study, we found that the levels of triglyceride were increased in HepG2 cells. PFOS-induced accumulation of hepatic lipids also contributed to the inhibition of AKT. Eventually, the inhibition of AKT led to insulin resistance in PFOS-treated cells. Our data would provide new mechanistic insights into PFOS-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-Degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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Squadrone S, Ciccotelli V, Prearo M, Favaro L, Scanzio T, Foglini C, Abete MC. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): emerging contaminants of increasing concern in fish from Lake Varese, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:438. [PMID: 26085281 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds with high thermal and chemical stability, used in a range of industrial applications. Extensive screening analyses in biota samples from all over the world have shown the bioaccumulation of PFAS into higher trophic levels in the food chain. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) are potential reproductive and developmental toxicants and are considered to be emerging endocrine disrupters. Ingestion of fish and other seafood is considered the main source of exposure of these contaminants. Here, we quantified PFOS and PFOA by LC-MS/MS in muscle samples of European perch from Lake Varese, Italy. PFOS was detected in all samples with concentrations of up to 17.2 ng g(-1). Although the reported values were lower than the recommended total daily intake (TDI) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), fish from Lake Varese may be a significant source of dietary PFOS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy,
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