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Qian C, Murphy SI, Lott TT, Martin NH, Wiedmann M. Development and deployment of a supply-chain digital tool to predict fluid-milk spoilage due to psychrotolerant sporeformers. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8415-8433. [PMID: 37641253 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant sporeformers pose a challenge to maintaining fluid milk quality. Dynamic temperature changes along the supply chain can favor the germination and growth of these bacteria and lead to fluid milk spoilage. In this study, we aim to expand on our previous work on predicting milk spoilage due to psychrotolerant sporeformers. The key model innovations include (1) the ability to account for changing temperatures along the supply chain, and (2) a deployed user-friendly interface to allow easy access to the model. Using the frequencies and concentrations of 8 Bacillales subtypes specific to fluid milk collected in New York, the model simulated sporeformer growth in half-gallons of high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurized fluid milk transported from processing facility to retail store and then to consumer. The Monte Carlo simulations predicted that 44.3% of half-gallons of milk were spoiled (defined as having a bacterial concentration >20,000 cfu/mL, a conservative estimate that represents the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance regulatory limit) after 21 d of refrigerated storage at consumer's home. Model validations showed that the model was the most accurate in predicting the mean sporeformer concentration at low temperatures (i.e., at 3°C and 4°C; compared with higher temperatures at 6°C and 10°C) within the first 21 d of consumer storage, with a root mean square error of 0.29 and 0.34 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. Global sensitivity analyses indicated that home storage temperature, facility-to-retail transportation temperature, and initial spore concentration were the 3 most influential factors for predicting milk spoilage on d 21 of shelf life. What-if scenarios indicated that microfiltration was predicted to be the most effective strategy to reduce spoilage. The implementation of this strategy (assumed to reduce initial spore concentration by 2.2 log10 cfu/mL) was predicted to reduce the percentage of spoiled milk by 17.0 percentage points on d 21 of storage and could delay the date by which 50% of half-gallons of milk were spoiled, from d 25 to 35. Overall, the model is readily deployed as a digital tool for assessing fluid milk spoilage along the supply chain and evaluating the effectiveness of intervention strategies, including those that target storage temperatures at different supply chain stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qian
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S I Murphy
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T T Lott
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - N H Martin
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M Wiedmann
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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2
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Ramos GLPA, Nascimento JS, Margalho LP, Cruz AG, Sant'Ana AS. Quantitative risk assessment for type A staphylococcal enterotoxin poisoning due to consumption of Minas Frescal cheese in Brazil. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luis P A Ramos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Avenida Almirante Ary Parreiras, 507 Niterói Rio de Janeiro 24230321 Brazil
- Food Department Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) Rua Senador Furtado, 121 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20270021 Brazil
| | - Janaína S Nascimento
- Food Department Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) Rua Senador Furtado, 121 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20270021 Brazil
| | - Larissa P Margalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Campinas São Paulo 13083862 Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Food Department Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) Rua Senador Furtado, 121 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20270021 Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 Campinas São Paulo 13083862 Brazil
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3
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Liu H, Dong L, Zhao Y, Meng L, Wang J, Wang C, Zheng N. Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Different Raw Milk Samples in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840670. [PMID: 35633704 PMCID: PMC9136321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main pathogens in different raw milk and dairy products, which may lead to economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant and costly public health concern because it may enter the human food chain and contaminate milk causing foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of S. aureus in raw milks. In total, 125 raw milk samples collected from goat (n = 50), buffalo (n = 25), camel (n = 25), and yak (n = 25) were collected from 5 provinces in China in 2016. Out of 125 samples, 36 (28.8%) S. aureus were isolated (16 from goat, 9 from buffalo, 6 from camel, and 5 from yak). Out of 36 S. aureus, 26 strains (26/36, 72.2%) showed antibiotics resistance, and 6 strains isolated from goats were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial resistance against Penicillin G, tetracycline and gentamicin was 50% (18/36), 41.7% (15/36), and 36.1% (13/36), respectively. 19 S. aureus (52.8%) were considered as multidrug resistant. The highest prevalence of resistant S. aureus was observed in goat milk (13/36, 36.1%). Among the 36 strains, 16 isolates harbored three or more resistant genes. The resistance genes were detected in 25 S. aureus, including 13 strains in goat, 5 strains in buffalo, 4 strains in camel, and 3 strains in yak. Among the 26 resistant strains, 61.5% of isolates harbored three or more resistant genes. The resistance genes were detected in 25 S. aureus, including 13 strains in goat milk, 5 strains in buffalo milk, 4 strains in camel milk, and 3 strains in yak milk. The most predominant resistance genes were blaZ (18/26, 69.2%), aac6'-aph2″ (13/26, 50.0%), and tet(M) (10/26, 38.5%). The mecA, ant(6)-Ia and fexA gene were only detected in S. aureus from goat milk. The most predominant toxin gene were sec (8/26, 30.8%). The majority of S. aureus were multidrug resistant and carried multiple virulence genes, which may pose potential risk to public health. Our findings indicated that the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus was a serious concern in different raw milks in China, especially goat milks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture—Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing, China
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4
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Quantitative microbiological risk assessment in dairy products: Concepts and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Onjong HA, Ntuli V, Mwaniki M, Njage PMK. Exposure assessment to staphylococcus enterotoxins in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) supplied through semi-regulated and unregulated value chains. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Sun W, Sun T, Wang X, Liu Q, Dong Q. Probabilistic model for estimating Listeria monocytogenes concentration in cooked meat products from presence/absence data. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109040. [PMID: 32247470 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative probabilistic model was developed to estimate the concentration of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meat products based on presence/absence data and an assumed zero-inflated distribution, i.e. zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) or zero-inflated Poisson lognormal (ZIPL) distribution. The performance of these two distributions was compared in two data sets (data set A and B), which represented L. monocytogenes prevalence and concentrations in cooked meat products. In this study, L. monocytogenes contamination data consisted of 4.23% (8/189) and 4.17% (5/120) non-zero counts for data set A and B, respectively. The contamination level of L. monocytogenes, determined by the most probable number (MPN) technique, ranged from 3 to 93 MPN/g among 13 positive samples. The goodness-of-fit test indicated that the ZIPL distribution was better than the simpler ZIP distribution, when L. monocytogenes contamination levels on positive cooked meat samples illustrated large heterogeneity. Results obtained from ZIPL distribution showed that the logarithmic mean value of L. monocytogenes positive samples was 1.5 log MPN/g (log σ = 0.4) for data set A and B. This study provides an alternative probabilistic method when only qualitative data is available in Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), in particular if pathogen concentrations consist of large numbers of zero counts and represent high variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Sun
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200024, China
| | - Tianmei Sun
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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7
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Andretta M, Almeida TT, Ferreira LR, Carvalho AF, Yamatogi RS, Nero LA. Microbial safety status of Serro artisanal cheese produced in Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10790-10798. [PMID: 31563304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the growing consumption of artisanal foods worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the microbial safety of Serro artisanal cheese (SAC), produced in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This cheese is produced with raw milk using 1 of 2 natural starter cultures: "pingo" and "rala." A total of 53 SAC samples (pingo = 8; rala = 45) were obtained from different farmers and subjected to conventional and molecular assays to detect and enumerate Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Brucella abortus. The SAC samples were also subjected to an ELISA to detect classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (CSE: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE) and to PCR assays to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin-related genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see). Coagulase-positive staphylococci isolates were obtained and tested by the same assays to detect their potential in CSE production and presence of CSE-related genes. None of the SAC samples showed any of the screened food-borne pathogens and zoonotic agents, and none showed the presence of CSE by phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Despite the absence of microbial hazards, mean counts of CPS in SAC samples were 5.2 log cfu/g (pingo starter) and 4.6 log cfu/g (rala starter), indicating poor hygiene practices during production. None of the tested CPS isolates (n = 116) produced CSE or presented CSE-related genes. Despite the relative microbial safety, hygienic conditions during SAC production must be improved to meet official guidelines established in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andretta
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - T T Almeida
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L R Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - R S Yamatogi
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L A Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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8
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Latorre AA, Pachá PA, González-Rocha G, San Martín I, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Aguayo-Reyes A, Bello-Toledo H, Oliva R, Estay A, Pugin J, Muñoz MA. On-Farm Surfaces in Contact with Milk: The Role of Staphylococcus aureus-Containing Biofilms for Udder Health and Milk Quality. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:44-51. [PMID: 31532261 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes intramammary infections and bulk tank milk (BTM) contamination in dairy operations around the world in spite of on-farm application of preventive measures. The study was conducted on a 30-cow dairy farm in the Ñuble Region of Chile. For BTM culture and somatic cell count (SCC) analysis, three consecutive BTM samples were collected. Samples for bacterial culture (n = 16) were collected from macroscopic adherence on previously washed, sanitized, and dry milking equipment surfaces in direct contact with milk during milking or cooling. A total of 48 S. aureus isolates from BTM, milking equipment, and cows' quarters with intramammary infections were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Selected milking equipment pieces were removed for biofilm visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). S. aureus was isolated from all three BTM samples; the average SCC for the three BTM samples was 1,429,333 cells/mL. Fourteen of the 16 samples of milking equipment (87.5%) were culture positive for S. aureus. Biofilms were visualized by SEM in all four removed milking equipment pieces. Microorganisms observed by SEM in those biofilms were mainly coccus-shaped bacteria, and microbiological culture of these biofilms yielded viable S. aureus isolates in all samples. All pulsotypes observed among S. aureus isolates from BTM were indistinguishable from those in milking equipment surfaces. All PFGE pulsotypes observed among S. aureus isolates from biofilms on rubber liners were indistinguishable from isolates from intramammary infections in cows. Our findings suggest that milking equipment films may act as source of S. aureus contamination for BTM and cows during milking, thus compromising the microbiological quality of milk used for manufacturing dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus on Interdisciplinary Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance, MICROB-R, Chile
| | - Iván San Martín
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Departmento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro Aguayo-Reyes
- Departmento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Helia Bello-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oliva
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Estay
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Julio Pugin
- Centro de Espectroscopía y Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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9
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Ma Y, Lan G, Li C, Cambaza EM, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Ding T. Stress tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus with different antibiotic resistance profiles. Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103549. [PMID: 31112770 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a zoonotic bacterium and is among the most important pathogens causing bacterial foodborne diseases. In recent years, disease caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus is a serious clinical problem that poses a great threat to public health. In this study, we examined the drug-resistance phenotypes and genotypes of 9 S. aureus strains. One strain was obtained from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the remaining eight strains were isolated from food. Two common methods (the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods) were used to detect bacterial drug resistance. Then, we analysed the relationship between the bacterial drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes. We found that some S. aureus strains isolated from food were drug-resistant or even multi-drug resistant and that there was not a perfect match between resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The viabilities of the drug-sensitive (DS), drug-resistant (DR), and multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. aureus strains were also compared when they were exposed to conditions of acid (HCl, pH = 1.5), heat (63 °C), and osmotic pressure (30% NaCl). The results showed that the DR and MDR bacterial strains had survival rates similar to or higher than those of the DS strains under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Ma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guang Lan
- 230 Gansu Province CDC, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Charlie Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Ca, 95616, USA
| | - Edgar Manuel Cambaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av. Julius Nyerere, Nr. Maputo, 3453, Mozambique
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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10
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Necidová L, Bursová Š, Haruštiaková D, Bogdanovičová K, Lačanin I. Effect of heat treatment on activity of staphylococcal enterotoxins of type A, B, and C in milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3924-3932. [PMID: 30852018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intoxication by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) is among the most common causes of food-poisoning outbreaks resulting from the consumption of raw milk or products made thereof. The aim of our study was to analyze the thermal stability of SE and evaluate the inactivation of SE types A, B, and C (SEA, SEB, SEC) by autoclaving at 100°C, 110°C, and 121°C. Milk samples were inoculated with 38 Staphylococcus aureus strains that possessed the ability to produce SEA, SEB, or SEC and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. This incubation was followed by heat treatment at 100°C, 110°C, or 121°C for 3 min. Samples were analyzed by Staph. aureus plate count method on Baird-Parker agar and specifically for the presence of SE. An enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay (ELFA) on a MiniVIDAS analyzer (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France) was used to detect SE, which were determined semi-quantitatively based on test values. The obtained results were analyzed by means of nonparametric statistical methods. All samples (100%; 38/38) were SE-positive before heat treatment, and the positivity rates decreased after heat treatment at 100°C, 110°C, and 121°C to 36.8% (14/38), 34.2% (13/38), and 31.6% (12/38), respectively. The rates of positive samples differed between SEA, SEB, and SEC producers: SEA was detected in the highest amounts both before and after heat treatment. The amount of SE (expressed as test values) decreased significantly after heat treatment. Comparing amounts of SE in positive and negative samples before and after heat treatment, we can conclude that the success of SE inactivation depends on the amount present before heat treatment. The highest amount of SE and the highest rate of SE-positive samples after all heat treatments were found in samples with strains producing SEA. For SEB and SEC, lower amounts of enterotoxin were present and were inactivated at 100°C. Although temperatures of 100°C, 110°C, and 121°C may inactivate SE in milk, the key measures in prevention of staphylococcal enterotoxicosis are avoiding initial contamination of milk by Staph. aureus, promoting consumption of heat-treated milk, and preventing disruption of the cold chain during milk production and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Necidová
- Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Š Bursová
- Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Haruštiaková
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Bogdanovičová
- Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Lačanin
- Inspecto d.o.o., Vukovarska cesta 239b, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
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11
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Li J, Wang J, Zhao X, Wang W, Liu D, Chen S, Ye X, Ding T. Inactivation of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Escherichia coli
in milk by different processing sequences of ultrasound and heat. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory for Agro‐Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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12
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Wang J, Koseki S, Chung MJ, Oh DH. A Novel Approach to Predict the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus on Rice Cake. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1140. [PMID: 28690596 PMCID: PMC5479919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus on rice cake and to determine the shelf life based on the probability model of the increase in S. aureus contamination on rice cake. Secondary models were developed based on the growth parameters derived from the Baranyi model at constant temperatures (15, 25, 35, and 45°C). External validation was then conducted using additional data under experimental conditions not used in development of the models to verify the performance and reliability of the developed model through different goodness-of-fit indices. Furthermore, the growth of S. aureus on rice cake under dynamic temperature was obtained with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.218 and the 90.9% acceptable prediction rate. In addition, probability models of the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-log increases of S. aureus on rice cake were also developed from the data, which could provide the probability and the time to a certain log increase. The results of validation demonstrated that the developed predictive model and the obtained growth parameters could be used for evaluating the growth behavior of S. aureus on rice cake under different conditions, and qualified to supply sufficient information for microbiological risk assessment studies of S. aureus on rice cake in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Shige Koseki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Mi-Ja Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health, Welfare and Education, Gwangju UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
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Nunes MM, Caldas ED. Preliminary Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Staphylococcus enterotoxins in fresh Minas cheese, a popular food in Brazil. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang Z, Lou Y, Du S, Xiao L, Niu B, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood products from hypermarkets in Shanghai. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:705-710. [PMID: 26991741 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important gastroenteritis pathogen contaminating seafood in China. In this study a total of 992 seafood samples from major hypermarkets in Shanghai were monitored for prevalence and burden of V. parahaemolyticus from January 2011 to December 2012. Additionally, appropriate probability distributions for describing V. parahaemolyticus concentrations were assessed based on these surveillance data. RESULTS Seventeen of 992 samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus and the geometric mean was 0.1581 most probable number (MPN) g-1 . The variation in prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was seasonal and the burden of contamination in August (0.1942 MPN g-1 ) was significant (P < 0.01) between 2011 and 2012. Also, the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was higher in shellfish and cephalopods than in other seafood (P < 0.05). By comparison, the lognormal distribution and integrated distribution showed no obvious difference for characterizing V. parahaemolyticus contamination. CONCLUSION The low prevalence and burden found indicated that seafood from hypermarkets may not be an important risk source for V. parahaemolyticus infection in Shanghai, and more attention should be paid to other areas for selling seafood, such as farmlands or farmers' markets. The simple and effective lognormal distribution is recommended as a better choice for describing V. parahaemolyticus contamination in future risk assessment studies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yang Lou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Suping Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - LiLi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Necidova L, Bogdanovicova K, Harustiakova D, Bartova K. Short communication: Pasteurization as a means of inactivating staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C in milk. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8638-8643. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Andjelkovic M, Tsilia V, Rajkovic A, De Cremer K, Van Loco J. Application of LC-MS/MS MRM to Determine Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEB and SEA) in Milk. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:118. [PMID: 27104569 PMCID: PMC4848643 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important aetiological agents of food intoxications in Europe and can cause gastro-enteritis through the production of various staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods. Due to their stability and ease of production and dissemination, some SEs have also been studied as potential agents for bioterrorism. Therefore, specific and accurate analytical tools are required to detect and quantify SEs. Online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS) based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect and quantify two types of SE (A and B) spiked in milk and buffer solution. SE extraction and concentration was performed according to the European Screening Method developed by the European Reference Laboratory for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci. Trypsin digests were screened for the presence of SEs using selected proteotypic heavy-labeled peptides as internal standards. SEA and SEB were successfully detected in milk samples using LC-MS/MS in MRM mode. The selected SE peptides were proteotypic for each toxin, allowing the discrimination of SEA and SEB in a single run. The detection limit of SEA and SEB was approximately 8 and 4 ng/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Food, Medicine and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Varvara Tsilia
- Food, Medicine and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 657, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Food, Medicine and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Food, Medicine and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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