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Hameed J, Nazir R. Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus Strains Isolated From the Faecal Microbiota of Critically Endangered Hangul Deer (Cervus hanglu hanglu): Implications for Conservation Management. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10325-0. [PMID: 39046670 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota plays a crucial role in promoting host health, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly employed as probiotics for their beneficial effects. The Hangul deer (Cervus hanglu hanglu), a critically endangered red deer subspecies found in the Indian subcontinent, requires meticulous health management for its conservation. This pioneering study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the in-vitro probiotic functional properties of LAB strains from the faeces of Hangul deer. A total of 27 LAB strains were isolated and identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, followed by comprehensive probiotic characterization and safety assessment. Remarkably, four species exhibited robust resistance and survivability against varying pH levels and bile salts, along with high aggregation and co-aggregation capacities. Notably, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus mundtii strains displayed antibacterial activities. Safety assessment revealed the absence of hemolytic activity and virulence genes in all four strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus casseliflavus were susceptible to all tested antibiotics, while Enterococcus mundtii exhibited resistance to clindamycin, and Enterococcus gallinarum exhibited resistance to erythromycin. These findings suggest that the isolated LAB strains possess advantageous probiotic characteristics and hold potential as dietary supplements for promoting the health and disease management of Hangul deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Hameed
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
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Hussain A, Akram S, Ahmad D, Rehman M, Ahmed A, Ali SA. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6. [PMID: 37731160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as probiotics since decades. Enterococci being the member of LAB have proven probiotic strains; therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the potential probiotic candidates from the pool of locally isolated strains. For initial screening, one hundred and twenty-two strains were selected and subjected to different confirmatory and phenotypic tests to choose the best strains that have potential probiotic criteria, i.e., no potential virulence traits, antibiotic resistance, and having tolerance properties. Keeping this criterion, only eleven strains (n = 11) were selected for further assessment. All virulence traits such as production of hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm, and DNase were performed and not found in the tested strains. The molecular assessment indicates the presence of few virulence-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains with variable frequency. The phenotypic and genotypic assessments of antibiotic resistance profile indicate that the selected strain was susceptible to ten commonly used antibiotics, and there were no transferrable antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of CRISPR-Cas genes also confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Various enterocin-producing genes like EntP, EntB, EntA, and EntQ were also identified in the selected strains which make them promising probiotic lead strains. Different tolerance assays like acid, NaCl, and gastric juice tolerance that mimic host conditions was also evaluated by providing artificial conditions. Cellular adhesion and aggregation properties like auto- and co-aggregation were also checked and their results reflect all in the favor of lead probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Wei M, Chen P, Zheng P, Tao X, Yu X, Wu D. Purification and characterization of aspartic protease from Aspergillus niger and its efficient hydrolysis applications in soy protein degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:42. [PMID: 36864487 PMCID: PMC9983247 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding acid protease to feed can enhance protein digestibility, boost feed utilization, and stimulate the growth of animals in breading industry. In order to obtain an acid protease with high hydrolysis efficiency to plant protein, in this study, an aspartic protease from Aspergillus niger was heterologous expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). The enzymatic properties and application in soybean protein degradation were also studied. RESULTS In our investigation, the high aspartic protease (Apa1) activity level of 1500 U/mL was achieved in 3 L bioreactor. After dialysis and anion exchange chromatography, the total enzyme activity and specific enzyme activity were 9412 U and 4852 U/mg, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified protease was 50 kDa, while the optimal pH and temperature were 3.0 and 50 °C, respectively. It was stable at pH 2.0-5.0 and 30-60 °C. Apa1 was used to hydrolyze soybean isolate protein (SPI) at 40 °C and pH 3.0, and a high hydrolysis degree (DH) of 61.65% was achieved. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of SPI hydrolysis products was studied, the result showed that the hydrolysis products were primarily oligopeptides with molecular weights of 189 Da or below. CONCLUSIONS In this study, Apa1 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris and high expression level was obtained. In addition, the highest protein hydrolysis rate to SPI degradation so far was achieved. The acid protease in this study provides a new protease that is suitable for the feed industry, which will be very helpful to improve the feed utilization and promote the development of the breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wei
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Pu Zheng
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xiumei Tao
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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4
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Kim J, Ahn J, Ahn C. Characterization of novel bacteriocin produced by bacteriocinogenic Carnobacterium maltaromaticum isolated from raw milk. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105872. [PMID: 36368602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess newly isolated bacteriocin-producing strain as potential food preservative. A bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacterium, named Carnobacterium maltaromatium KCA018, was screened from raw milk using deferred and spot-on-the-lawn assays. The crude cell free supernatant (CFS) was purified to obtain proteinaceous bacteriocin by ammonium sulfate precipitation (assigned as bacteriocin KCA) and tested for bacteriocin production, physical stability, antimicrobial activity, and bacteriocin-encoding gene detection. The growth curves of C. maltaromatium KCA018 reached late exponential phase after 15 h of incubation at 25 °C and 30 °C (Fig. 2). The maximum production of bacteriocin KCA was reached after 12 h of incubation at 25 °C, showing the antimicrobial activity of more than 3000 AU/ml against Listeria monocytogenes. The purified bacteriocin KCA was stable up to 67 °C for 30 min of exposure and between pH 4 and 7, showing more than 6000 AU/ml. The antibacterial activity of bacteriocin KCA was lost in the presence of pronase, proteinase K, and trypsin. Purified bacteriocin KCA showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. The CFS and purified bacteriocin KCA effectively inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC 1911, E. faecalis ATCC 19433, and E. feacium ATCC 11576. The molecular weight of purified bacteriocin KCA was estimated at approximately 5 kDa. The positive amplification was observed for pisA and cbnBM1 with approximately between 100 and 200 bp. The newly identified bacteriocin can be a promising preservative for application in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Ahn
- Cell Biotech, Gimpo, Gyunggi, 10003, Republic of Korea
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Peng X, Ed-Dra A, Yue M. Whole genome sequencing for the risk assessment of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11244-11262. [PMID: 35694810 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria exhibit beneficial effects on human and/or animal health, and have been widely used in foods and fermented products for decades. Most probiotics consist of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used in the production of various food products but have also been shown to have the ability to prevent certain diseases. With the expansion of applications for probiotic LAB, there is an increasing concern with regard to safety, as cases with adverse effects, i.e., severe infections, transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, etc., can occur. Currently, in vitro assays remain the primary way to assess the properties of LAB. However, such methodologies are not meeting the needs of strain risk assessment on a high-throughput scale, in the context of the evolving concept of food safety. Analyzing the complete genetic information, including potential virulence genes and other determinants with a negative impact on health, allows for assessing the safe use of the product, for which whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of individual LAB strains can be employed. Genomic data can also be used to understand subtle differences in the strain level important for beneficial effects, or protect patents. Here, we propose that WGS-based bioinformatics analyses are an ideal and cost-effective approach for the initial in silico microbial risk evaluation, while the technique may also increase our understanding of LAB strains for food safety and probiotic property evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Hwanhlem N, Salaipeth L, Charoensook R, Kanjan P, Maneerat S. Lactic Acid Bacteria from Gamecock and Goat Originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand: Isolation, Identification, Technological Properties and Probiotic Potential. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:355-364. [PMID: 35058398 PMCID: PMC9628785 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From independent swab samples of the cloaca of indigenous gamecocks (CIG), anus of healthy baby goats (AHG), and vagina of goats (VG) originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand, a total of 263 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected. Only three isolates, designated C707, G502, and V202, isolated from CIG, AHG, and VG, respectively, exhibited an excellent inhibitory zone diameter against foodborne pathogenic bacteria when evaluated by agar spot test. Isolates C707 and G502 were identified as Enterococcus faecium, whereas V202 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. When foodborne pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with chosen LAB in mixed BHI-MRS broth at 39°C, their growth was suppressed. These LAB were found to be capable of surviving in simulated stomach conditions. Only the isolate G502 was able to survive in the conditions of simulated intestinal juice. This research suggests that selected LAB could be used as a food/feed supplement to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria and improve the safety of animal-based food or feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraphat Hwanhlem
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +6655962737 E-mail:
| | - Lakha Salaipeth
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rangsun Charoensook
- Division of Animal Science and Feed Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pochanart Kanjan
- Department of Agricultural and Fishery Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, 94000 Thailand
| | - Suppasil Maneerat
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Wei Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Pei J, Brennan C, Abd El-Aty A. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocin-Producing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus XN2 from Yak Yoghurt and Its Bacteriocin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072066. [PMID: 35408465 PMCID: PMC9000875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce antimicrobial substances that could potentially inhibit the growth of pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus XN2, isolated from yak yoghurt, demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Clostridium butyricum, S. aureus, Listeria innocua CICC 10416, L. monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was estimated to be 3200 AU/mL after 30 h cultivation. Time-kill kinetics curve showed that the semi-purified cell-free supernatants (CFS) of strain XN2 possessed bactericidal activity. Flow cytometry analysis indicated disruption of the sensitive bacteria membrane by semi-purified CFS, which ultimately caused cell death. Interestingly, sub-lethal concentrations of semi-purified CFS were observed to reduce the production of α-haemolysin and biofilm formation. We further investigated the changes in the transcriptional level of luxS gene, which encodes signal molecule synthase (Al-2) induced by semi-purified CFS from strain XN2. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus XN2 and its bacteriocin showed antagonistic activity at both cellular and quorum sensing (QS) levels. Finally, bacteriocin was further purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), named bacteriocin XN2. The amino acid sequence was Met-Lue-Lys-Lys-Phe-Ser-Thr-Ala-Tyr-Val.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wei
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
| | - Jinze Wang
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhe Liu
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (J.W.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charles Brennan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne 3046, Australia;
| | - A.M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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8
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Du R, Ping W, Ge J. Purification, characterization and mechanism of action of enterocin HDX-2, a novel class IIa bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium HDX-2. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Yan R, Zhang X. Analysis of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids modulation on the physiology and gene expression in Enterococcus faecalis under bile salt stress. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:555-563. [PMID: 34951708 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the probiotic groups in the intestinal tract which has varieties of functional effects in the host, such as a protective barrier, nutritional efficacy and antibacterial effects. Stress conditions such as low pH, bile salts, and hypertonicity are inevitable negative factors for the normal survival of E. faecalis in the gastrointestinal tract. Under the stress and inhibition of bile salt, E. faecalis needs specific adaptation and coping style if it wants to successfully colonize the intestine stably. The appropriate concentration of flavonoids can assist probiotics to serve a beneficial role and help them resist the stress of external irresistible environmental factors. In the present research, RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technology was employed to investigate the influence of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids (CPF) on Enterococcus faecalis 131-2 (E. faecalis 131-2) exposed to bile salt stress. Analysis results revealed that under bile salt stress, many genes related to cellular process, catalytic activity, and transport activity were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05), and some not expected variations of which could be partly alleviated by supplementation of CPF, indicating its capacity to improve the bile salt tolerances of E. faecalis 131-2. Additionally, CPF alleviated the obvious inhibitory effects of bile salt stress on the exponential growth of E. faecalis 131-2. An overall view of the physiological and transcriptomic changes of E. faecalis 131-2 under bile salt stresses with or without CPF will further deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which CPF assists E. faecalis 131-2 to perform beneficial functions in the gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China
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10
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Du R, Pei F, Kang J, Zhang W, Ping W, Ling H, Ge J. Optimization of cultivation strategy and medium for bacteriocin activity of Enterococcus faecium HDX-2. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:762-769. [PMID: 34704893 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1992782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from pickled Chinese cucumber was screened for bacteriocin production. The strain was identified to be Enterococcus faecium HDX-2. Based on the Plackett-Burman (PB) experiment, glucose, Ca2+, and initial pH were found to be the most significant parameters of bacteriocin production. Afterward, effects of the three main parameters on bacteriocin activity were further investigated by central composite design (CCD) and the optimum composition was glucose 22 g/L, Ca2+ 0.6 mM, and initial pH 7.2. Optimum results showed that bacteriocin activity was increased to 1337.60 ± 36.71 AU/mL, 2.23-fold higher than in MRS medium without parameters optimization. The bacteriocin also showed significant antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in meat and cheese model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Pei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jie Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ling
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
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11
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Silveira RF, Roque-Borda CA, Vicente EF. Antimicrobial peptides as a feed additive alternative to animal production, food safety and public health implications: An overview. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:896-904. [PMID: 34632120 PMCID: PMC8484980 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, feed additives have been used in animal nutrition to improve nutrient utilization, health parameters and animal performance. However, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has allowed the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which can bring as a consequence, an increase in the morbidity and mortality of diseases that were previously treatable with antibiotics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have appeared as a promising strategy because they have multiple biological activities and represent a powerful strategy to prevent the development of resistant microorganisms. Despite the small number of studies applied in vivo, AMP appear as a potent alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, due to an increase in feed efficiency and the prevention/treatment of some animal diseases. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance and the use of AMP as a strong candidate to replace conventional antibiotics, mainly in the animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza F Silveira
- São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Roque-Borda
- São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Vicente
- São Paulo State University, School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Choeisoongnern T, Sirilun S, Waditee-Sirisattha R, Pintha K, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Potential Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and Its Bioactive Peptide as Alternative Bio-Preservation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102264. [PMID: 34681312 PMCID: PMC8534580 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Enterococcus faecium OV3-6 and its secreted active peptide were characterized and investigated. The strain survived in simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions at 88.16% and 94.33%, respectively. The safety assessment revealed that the strain was shown α-hemolysis and susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics, but intermediate sensitivity to erythromycin and kanamycin was found. It does not harbor any virulence genes except for the efaAfm gene. Both of its living cells and the cell-free supernatants (CFS) of the strain significantly reduced the adhesion of E. coli and S. Typhi on Caco-2 cells. The strain can regulate the secretion of pro and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-12 and induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 of the Caco-2 cell. The strain can prevent the growth of Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Carnobacterium, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. It also presented the entP gene that involves the production of bacteriocin named enterocin P. The antimicrobial peptide was matched 40% with 50S ribosomal proteins L29 (7.325 kDa), as revealed by LC-MS/MS. This active peptide exhibits heat stability, is stable over a wide pH range of 2−10, and maintains its activity at −20 and 4 °C for 12 weeks of storage. Altogether, E. faecium OV3-6 thus has potential for consideration as a probiotic and bio-preservative for applied use as a fermented food starter culture and in functional food or feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
| | | | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-5394-4375 (S.S.); +66-5394-4340 (C.C.)
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13
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He Y, Liu X, Dong Y, Lei J, Ito K, Zhang B. Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:122. [PMID: 34182992 PMCID: PMC8240220 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01609-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3145 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Guo M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Reduces the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664604. [PMID: 34140939 PMCID: PMC8203825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a recognized probiotic that is widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. This study found that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) strain can reduce the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells by 75.7% and inhibit 41.7% of the E. coli that adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, LGG showed strong inhibitory ability on the growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro. Furthermore, the influence of LGG on the growth performance, intestinal flora, immunity, and disease resistance of chickens was explored. Chickens fed with LGG exhibited increased average daily weight gain and concentrations of sIgA, IgG, and IgM than did controls. After 21 days of feeding, a diet with LGG increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and maintained intestinal health. Moreover, LGG promoted immunologic barriers by upregulating cytokines and chemokines via the Toll-like receptor. The major pro-inflammatory factors, including Myd88, NF-κB, Il6, and Il8, were upregulated compared to controls. After being challenged with E. coli, the survival rate of chickens fed with LGG was significantly higher than those in the control group, and decreased numbers of E. coli were detected in the heart and lungs of the LGG group. In summary, oral administration of LGG to chickens could improve growth performance, maintain intestinal homeostasis, and enhance innate immune response and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Congyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China
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15
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Barbosa J, Albano H, Silva B, Almeida MH, Nogueira T, Teixeira P. Characterization of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R23 Isolated from Arugula by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Its Bacteriocin Production Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5515. [PMID: 34063896 PMCID: PMC8196627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is one of the lactic acid bacteria species most used as probiotics and starter cultures in food production. Bacteriocin-producers Lpb. plantarum are also promising natural food preservatives. This study aimed to characterize Lpb. plantarum R23 and its bacteriocins (R23 bacteriocins). The genome sequence of Lpb. plantarum R23 was obtained by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in an Illumina NovaSeq platform. The activity of Lpb. plantarum R23-produced bacteriocin against two Listeria monocytogenes strains (L7946 and L7947) was evaluated, and its molecular size was determined by tricine-SDS-PAGE. No virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected. Four 100% identical proteins to the class II bacteriocins (Plantaricin E, Plantaricin F, Pediocin PA-1 (Pediocin AcH), and Coagulin A) were found by WGS analysis. The small (<6.5 kDa) R23 bacteriocins were stable at different pH values (ranging from 2 to 8), temperatures (between 4 and 100 °C), detergents (all, except Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 at 0.01 g/mL), and enzymes (catalase and α-amylase), did not adsorb to the producer cells, had a bacteriostatic mode of action and their maximum activity (AU/mL = 12,800) against two L. monocytogenes strains occurred between 15 and 21 h of Lpb. plantarum R23 growth. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R23 showed to be a promising bio-preservative culture because, besides being safe, it produces a stable bacteriocin or bacteriocins (harbors genes encoding for the production of four) inhibiting pathogens as L. monocytogenes. Further studies in different food matrices are required to confirm this hypothesis and its suitability as a future starter culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barbosa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Helena Albano
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Colégio de São Gonçalo, 4600-014 Amarante, Portugal;
| | | | - Teresa Nogueira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., 2780-157 Oeiras and 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal;
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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16
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Heredia-Castro PY, Reyes-Díaz R, Rendón-Rosales MÁ, Beltrán-Barrientos LM, Torres-Llanez MJ, Estrada-Montoya MC, Hernández-Mendoza A, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B. Novel bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus fermentum strains with bacteriostatic effects in milk against selected indicator microorganisms. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4033-4043. [PMID: 33612223 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize bacteriocins produced by 2 Lactobacillus fermentum strains isolated from artisanal Mexican Cocido cheese. Fractions (F ≤3 kDa) obtained from cell-free supernatants of Lb. fermentum strains J23 and J32 were further fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC on a C18 column. Antimicrobial activities of F ≤3 kDa and bacteriocin-containing fractions (BCF), obtained from fractionation of F ≤3 kDa against 4 indicator microorganisms, were determined by the disk diffusion method and growth inhibition in milk. Subsequently, isolated BCF were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that BCF presented antimicrobial activity against the 4 indicator microorganisms tested. For J23, one of the fractions (F3) presented the highest activity against Escherichia coli and was also inhibitory against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Choleraesuis. Similarly, fractions F3 and F4 produced by J32 presented antimicrobial activity against all indicator microorganisms. Furthermore, generation time and growth rate showed that F3 from J23 presented significantly higher antimicrobial activity against the 4 indicator microorganisms (2 gram-positive and 2 gram-negative) when inoculated in milk compared with F3 from J32. Interestingly, this fraction presented a broader antimicrobial spectrum in milk than nisin (control). Reversed-phase HPLC tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of several peptides in BCF; however, F3 from J23 that was the most active fraction of all presented only 1 bacteriocin. The chemical characterization of this bacteriocin suggested that it was a novel peptide with 10 hydrophobic AA residues in its sequence and a molecular weight of 2,056 Da. This bacteriocin and its producing strain, J23, may find application as a biopreservative against these indicator microorganisms in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilia Y Heredia-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Miguel Ángel Rendón-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Lilia M Beltrán-Barrientos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - María J Torres-Llanez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - María C Estrada-Montoya
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83304.
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17
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Cui G, Pan C, Xu P, Li Y, Wang L, Gong B, Li X, Huang S. Purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis CG-9 from human saliva. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1830714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gongcheng Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Changpei Pan
- Nanning Science and Technology Enterprise Incubation Base Co., Ltd, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yanting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Binting Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiangping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
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18
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Alayande KA, Aiyegoro OA, Nengwekhulu TM, Katata-Seru L, Ateba CN. Integrated genome-based probiotic relevance and safety evaluation of Lactobacillus reuteri PNW1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235873. [PMID: 32687505 PMCID: PMC7371166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates whole-genome sequence of Lactobacillus reuteri PNW1 and identifies its safety genes that may qualify it as a putative probiotic. It further extracted the bacteriocin produced by the strain and tested its effectiveness against pathogenic STEC E. coli O177. The genomic DNA was sequenced on illuminal Miseq instrument and the sequenced data was assessed for quality reads before assembled with SPAdes. The draft assembly was annotated with Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) and Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (RAST). Further downstream analyses were carried out using appropriate bioinformatic tools. Production of biogenic amines was biochemically confirmed through HPLC analysis. The assembled genome was 2,430,215 bp long in 420 contigs with 39% G+C content. Among all known genes, putatively responsible for the production of toxic biochemicals, only arginine deiminase (EC3.5.3.6) was spotted. Coding sequences (CDS) putative for D-lactate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.28), L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.27) and bacteriocin helveticin J were found within the genome together with plethora of other probiotic important genes. The strain harbours only resistant genes putative for Lincosamide (lnuC) and Tetracycline resistant genes (tetW). There was no hit found for virulence factors and probability of the strain being a human pathogen was zero. Two intact prophage regions were detected within the genome of L. reuteri PNW1 and nine CDS were identified for insertion sequence by OASIS which are belong to seven different families. Five putative CDS were identified for the CRISPR, each associated with Cas genes. Maximum zone of inhibition exhibited by the bacteriocin produced L. reuteri PNW1 is 20.0±1.00 mm (crude) and 23.3±1.15 mm (at 0.25 mg/ml) after being partially purified. With the strain predicted as non-human pathogen, coupled with many other identified desired features, L. reuteri PNW1 stands a chance of making good and safe candidates for probiotic, though further in-vivo investigations are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem Adekunle Alayande
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- * E-mail: (KAA); (CNA)
| | - Olayinka Ayobami Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa
| | | | - Lebogang Katata-Seru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- * E-mail: (KAA); (CNA)
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19
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Effectiveness of Sodium Alginate Active Coatings Containing Bacteriocin EFL4 for the Quality Improvement of Ready-to-Eat Fresh Salmon Fillets during Cold Storage. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a biopreservation method for ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh salmon fillets based on the use of bacteriocin EFL4 produced by bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecalis L04 previously isolated from Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Bacteriocin EFL4 has the ability to inhibit the growth of several fish-spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Listeria monocytogenes, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. putrefaciens was 0.32 μg/mL. The biopreservation potential of bacteriocin EFL4 for RTE fresh salmon fillets during cold storage at 4 °C was tested for the first time on a laboratory scale. Microbiological and physicochemical properties, as well as organoleptic evaluations, have been done during the biopreservation trials. The results show that RTE fresh salmon fillets treated with 0.64 μg/mL bacteriocin EFL4 could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), K value and maintain the quality of RTE fresh salmon fillets during 8-day storage on the basis of the organoleptic evaluation results.
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20
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Lei S, Zhao R, Sun J, Ran J, Ruan X, Zhu Y. Partial purification and characterization of a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a Lactobacillus plantarum zrx03 isolated from infant's feces. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2214-2222. [PMID: 32405378 PMCID: PMC7215221 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum zrx03 was a bacteriocin-producing strain isolated from infant's feces. The fermentation supernatant produced by this strain could strongly inhibit Escherichia coli JM109 ATCC 67387, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Listeria monocytogenes CICC 21633, in which the diameter of inhibition zone was 12.83 ± 0.62 mm, 15.08 ± 0.31 mm, 6.75 ± 0.20 mm, respectively, compared with lactic acid bacteria N1, N2, M13, M21, M31, and M37. According to amplification of 16S rRNA gene and identification of phylogenetic tree, this strain had a 1,450 bp sequence and 100% identity to the L. plantarum strain. Based on the influence of different protease treatments, such as pepsin, trypsin, papain, and proteinase K on the antimicrobial activity, this antimicrobial substance was considered to be a natural protein. Using bacteriocin produced by this strain as study object of this experiment, it had been extracted from ammonium sulfate precipitation and different organic solvents. The results showed that ethyl acetate was selected as the optimal solution to crude extraction of bacteriocin after comparing ammonium sulfate precipitation method and organic solvent extraction method, such as n-butanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, in which the diameter of the inhibition zones was above 28 mm. Results also showed the inhibition spectrum of the obtained bacteriocin had a broad spectrum of inhibition which could inhibit Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast. Especially, it could effectively inhibit S. aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis CICC 10002, Bacillus anthracis CICC 20443, E. coli JM109 ATCC 67387, and Salmonella CMCC 541, and the zone diameter of inhibition has reached more than 28 mm. Moreover, it had a good thermal stability which antibacterial activity was retained 70.58% after treatment at 121°C for 30 min, and pH-stability was between pH 2.0-9.0. These results suggested bacteriocin produced by L. plantarum zrx03 had potential application prospects in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lei
- School of Food Science Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- School of Food Science Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Junliang Sun
- School of Food Science Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Junjian Ran
- School of Food Science Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Xiaoli Ruan
- School of Food Science Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen The Netherlands
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21
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Isolation, purification, and structural identification of a new bacteriocin made by Lactobacillus plantarum found in conventional kombucha. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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AlKalbani NS, Turner MS, Ayyash MM. Isolation, identification, and potential probiotic characterization of isolated lactic acid bacteria and in vitro investigation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities in fermented sausage. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:188. [PMID: 31690323 PMCID: PMC6833168 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic bacteria can provide health benefits when delivered in functional foods. This study involved isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditionally dried and salted anchovy fish and characterization of their survival in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Promising strains were used to prepare fermented fish sausages which were then evaluated for cytotoxicity activity against two cancer cell-lines, antidiabetic activity as determined by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant and proteolytic activities in vitro, as compared to non-fermented control sausages. RESULTS Out of 85 LAB obtained, 13 isolates with high tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion were obtained, which were identified as Enterococcus spp. Four E. faecium strains, one E. faecalis, and one E. durans were used separately to make fermented fish sausages. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition from fish sausages fermented by Enterococcus spp. ranged from 29.2 to 68.7% and 23.9 to 41.4%, respectively, during 21 days of storage. The cytotoxicity activities against Caco2 and MCF-7 cells of fish sausages fermented with Enterococcus spp. ranged from 18.0 to 24% and 13.9 to 27.9%, respectively. Cytotoxicity activities correlated positively with proteolysis and antioxidant activities, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, but negatively with the pH in fermented fish sausages. Strains also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and presented no significant concerns with regards to antibiotic resistance or virulence gene content. CONCLUSIONS Fish sausages fermented by potential probiotic isolates of Enterococcus spp. from dried fish had valuable health-promoting benefits compared with non-fermented control sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S AlKalbani
- Department Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mark S Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mutamed M Ayyash
- Department Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE.
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Bio-detoxification Bacteria Isolated from Dye-Polluted Soils Promote Lactic Acid Production from Ammonia Pretreated Corn Stover. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:129-143. [PMID: 30906971 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Agro-stovers are the most abundant substrates for producing lactic acid, which has great potential application in the production of biodegradable and biocompatible polylactic acid polymers. However, chemical pretreatments on agro-stovers generate inhibitors that repress the subsequent lactic acid fermentation. In this study, three bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis B101, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus C1, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CS) isolated from dye-polluted soils could utilize phenolic inhibitor mimics (vanillin, 4- hydroxybenzaldehyde, or syringaldehyde) from alkaline pretreated corn stovers as a sole carbon source. Lactic acid titer increased from 27.42 g/L (Bacillus coagulans LA204 alone) to 44.76 g/L (CS and LA204) using 50 g/L glucose with 1 g/L 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde added. Lactic acid production from 50 g/L ammonia pretreated corn stover was increased nearly twofold by inoculating phenolic degradation bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (C1& Lactobacillus pentosus FL0421). In the control (FL0421 alone), only 16.98 g/L of lactic acid was produced. The isolated and identified strains degraded the phenolic compounds and increased the lactic acid production from glucose and ammonia pretreated corn stover. These characteristics of the strains support industrial application with efficient in situ detoxification of phenolic compounds during lactic acid production from agro-stovers using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF).
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Botthoulath V, Upaichit A, Thumarat U. Identification and in vitro assessment of potential probiotic characteristics and antibacterial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum subsp . plantarum SKI19, a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from Thai fermented pork sausage. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:2774-2785. [PMID: 30042594 PMCID: PMC6033832 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 2257 lactic acid bacteria were preliminarily screened for antagonistic activity against Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157. Strain SKI19 was selected and identified at the subspecies level as Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum SKI19, using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis combined with recA and dnaK genes' amplification. Antibacterial activity of SKI19 was completely lost after treatment of neutralized cell free culture supernatant with proteolytic enzymes, suggesting that SKI19 produced a bacteriocin-like substance that inhibited not only closely related species, but was also effective against Listeria monocytogenes DMST 17303. Viewed under scanning electron microscope, cell membranes of the indicator strain appeared to collapse after exposure to the bacteriocin-like substance. In vitro tests concerning probiotic properties, SKI19 survived under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, and adhesion of its cell surface to xylene and chloroform was 90.14 and 89.85%, respectively. Complete inhibition by SKI19 against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli DMST 4212, L. monocytogenes DMST 17303, and Staphylococcus aureus DMST 8840) was observed in co-cultivation under anaerobic conditions. A safety assessment showed that SKI19 was susceptible to several antibiotics and had no haemolytic activity. PCR amplification of virulence factors with the specific primers for ace, asa1, cylLS , efaAfs , hyl, and gelE genes were negative for SKI19. Also, SKI19 did not harbor any hdc, tdc, odc or ldc genes involved in biogenic amine production. The results reveal that SKI19 has probiotic potential and antibacterial activity, and is safe for further application in certain food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viengvilaiphone Botthoulath
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Apichat Upaichit
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Uschara Thumarat
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
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Safety, potential biotechnological and probiotic properties of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus lactis strains isolated from raw shrimps. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:109-117. [PMID: 29438718 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to isolate new bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterial strains from white (Penaeus vannamei) and pink (Palaemon serratus) raw shrimps and evaluate their technological and probiotic potentialities. Seven strains were selected, among fifty active isolates, as producing interesting antimicrobial activity. Identified as Enterococcus lactis, these isolates were able to produce enterocins A, B and/or P. The safety aspect, assessed by microbiological and molecular tests, demonstrated that the strains were susceptible to relevant antibiotics such as vancomycin, negative for haemolysin and gelatinase activities, and did not harbour virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The assessment of potential probiotic and technological properties showed a low or no lipolytic activity, moderate milk-acidifying ability, high reducing power, proteolytic activity and tolerance to bile (P < 0.05) and good autoaggregation and coaggregation capacities. Two strains designated as CQ and C43 exhibiting high enzymatic activities and bile salt hydrolase activity were found to display high survival under simulated in vitro oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract conditions caused by presence of lysozyme, pepsin, pancreatin, bile salts and acidic pH. This study highlights safe Enterococcus lactis strains with great technological and probiotic potentials for future application as new starter, adjunct, protective or probiotic cultures in food industry.
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Purification and characterization of plantaricin SLG1, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lb. plantarum isolated from yak cheese. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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