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Zhao X, Bhat A, O’Connor C, Curtin J, Singh B, Tian F. Review of Detection Limits for Various Techniques for Bacterial Detection in Food Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:855. [PMID: 38786811 PMCID: PMC11124167 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses can be infectious and dangerous, and most of them are caused by bacteria. Some common food-related bacteria species exist widely in nature and pose a serious threat to both humans and animals; they can cause poisoning, diseases, disabilities and even death. Rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods for bacterial detection are of paramount importance in food safety and environmental monitoring. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) and electrochemical methods have been widely used in food safety and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the recent developments (2013-2023) covering PCR, LFIA and electrochemical methods for various bacterial species (Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)), considering different food sample types, analytical performances and the reported limit of detection (LOD), are discussed. It was found that the bacteria species and food sample type contributed significantly to the analytical performance and LOD. Detection via LFIA has a higher average LOD (24 CFU/mL) than detection via electrochemical methods (12 CFU/mL) and PCR (6 CFU/mL). Salmonella and E. coli in the Pseudomonadota domain usually have low LODs. LODs are usually lower for detection in fish and eggs. Gold and iron nanoparticles were the most studied in the reported articles for LFIA, and average LODs were 26 CFU/mL and 12 CFU/mL, respectively. The electrochemical method revealed that the average LOD was highest for cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 18 CFU/mL, followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 12 CFU/mL and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at 8 CFU/mL. LOD usually decreases when the sample number increases until it remains unchanged. Exponential relations (R2 > 0.95) between LODs of Listeria in milk via LFIA and via the electrochemical method with sample numbers have been obtained. Finally, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives (including the role of nanomaterials/advanced materials) to improve analytical performance for bacterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland; (X.Z.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (B.S.)
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abhijnan Bhat
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland; (X.Z.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (B.S.)
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway and Health, Engineering & Materials Sciences (HEMS) Research Hub, Technological University Dublin, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine O’Connor
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland; (X.Z.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (B.S.)
| | - James Curtin
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Technological University Dublin, Bolton Street, D01 K822 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Baljit Singh
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland; (X.Z.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (B.S.)
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway and Health, Engineering & Materials Sciences (HEMS) Research Hub, Technological University Dublin, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland; (X.Z.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (B.S.)
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Lamas A, Mora A, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Moving towards on-site detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat leafy greens. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100716. [PMID: 38511154 PMCID: PMC10950744 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid identification of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, or STEC, is of utmost importance to assure the innocuousness of the foodstuffs. STEC have been implicated in outbreaks associated with different types of foods however, among them, ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables are particularly problematic as they are consumed raw, and are rich in compounds that inhibit DNA-based detection methods such as qPCR. In the present study a novel method based on Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to overcome the limitations associated with current molecular methods for the detection of STEC in RTE vegetables targeting stx1 and stx2 genes. In this sense, LAMP demonstrated to be more robust against inhibitory substances in food. In this study, a comprehensive enrichment protocol was combined with four inexpensive DNA extraction protocols. The one based on silica purification enhanced the performance of the method, therefore it was selected for its implementation in the final method. Additionally, three different detection chemistries were compared, namely real-time fluorescence detection, and two end-point colorimetric strategies, one based on the addition of SYBR Green, and the other based on a commercial colorimetric master mix. After optimization, all three chemistries demonstrated suitable for the detection of STEC in spiked RTE salad samples, as it was possible to reach a LOD50 of 0.9, 1.4, and 7.0 CFU/25 g for the real-time, SYBR and CC LAMP assays respectively. All the performance parameters reached values higher than 90 %, when compared to a reference method based on multiplex qPCR. More specifically, the analytical sensitivity was 100, 90.0 and 100 % for real-time, SYBR and CC LAMP respectively, the specificity 100 % for all three assays, and accuracy 100, 96 and 100 %. Finally, a high degree of concordance was also obtained (1, 0.92 and 1 respectively). Considering the current technological advances, the method reported, using any of the three detection strategies, demonstrated suitable for their implementation in decentralized settings, with low equipment resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MicroTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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Ndraha N, Lin HY, Wang CY, Hsiao HI, Lin HJ. Rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens based on nucleic acid amplification: Recent advances, remaining challenges, and possible opportunities. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 7:100183. [PMID: 37767229 PMCID: PMC10520789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of recent advancements in the utilization of NAA-based techniques for detecting foodborne pathogens in food products, focusing on studies conducted within the past five years. This review revealed that recent research efforts have primarily aimed at enhancing sensitivity and specificity by improving sample pre-treatment/preparation, DNA isolation, and readout methods. Isothermal-based amplification methods, such as LAMP, RPA, RAA, and RCA, have emerged as promising approaches, providing rapid results within one h and often demonstrating comparable or superior sensitivity to conventional or qPCR methods. However, the attention paid to specific pathogens varies, with Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus receiving more focus than norovirus and other similar pathogens. NAA-based methods have the potential to significantly contribute to food safety and public health protection. However, further advancements are necessary to fully realize their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yow Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301 Taiwan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Lamas A, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Evaluation of the Novel mTA10 Selective Broth, MSB, for the Co-Enrichment and Detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Salad Samples. Foods 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 38201091 PMCID: PMC10778508 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiplex assays implementing DNA-based methods have been demonstrated as suitable alternatives to culture-based microbiological methods; however, in most cases, they still require a suitable enrichment step. Finding suitable enrichment conditions for different bacteria may result in challenges. In the present study, a novel selective broth named MSB (mTA10 selective broth) was formulated for the simultaneous recovery of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Attention was paid to ensure the optimal enrichment of L. monocytogenes as its enrichment is more challenging. To this end, cellobiose was added to increase the growth of L. monocytogenes, and sodium pyruvate was also added to improve the recovery of stressed bacteria. Four selective agents were added, namely nalidixic acid, sodium cholate, lithium chloride and potassium tellurite, to control the growth of interfering microorganisms. It was concluded that the novel broth was suitable for the simultaneous enrichment of the target pathogens, allowing them to reach concentrations higher than 7 log CFU/mL for each bacterium in pure culture. Furthermore, all heavily contaminated ready-to-eat salad samples reached concentrations higher than 5 log CFU/g. Finally, after 24 h of enrichment of spiked salad, it was possible to detect concentrations below 10 CFU/25 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Azinheiro S, Fernandes SPS, Lamas A, Prado M, Salonen LM, Garrido-Maestu A. Evaluation of Covalent Organic Frameworks for the low-cost, rapid detection of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat salads. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341357. [PMID: 37257973 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ready-to-eat products, such as leafy greens, must be carefully controlled as they are directly consumed without any treatment to reduce the presence of potential pathogens. Food industries, especially those that process products with short shelf-life, demand rapid detection of foodborne pathogens such as Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In this sense, molecular methods can fulfill both requirements of turnaround time and consumer safety. The most popular rapid methods are those based on real-time PCR (qPCR) however, vegetables contain inhibitory compounds that may inhibit the amplification reaction thus, there is a need for novel sample preparation protocols. RESULTS In the current study, a low-cost sample treatment based on sequential filtration steps was developed. This protocol was combined with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and compared against a chelating resin, to evaluate their performance by multiplex qPCR targeting the major virulence genes of STEC, namely stx1, stx2, and eae, along with the rfbE for the specific identification of serogroup O157 due to its particularly high incidence, and an Internal Amplification Control to assess reaction inhibition. The optimized sample treatment effectively removed vegetable qPCR inhibitory compounds, and it was possible to detect STEC in spiked ready-to-eat salad samples in one working day, roughly 5 h, with an LOD50 of 8.7 CFU/25 g with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The method was also assessed in samples with cold-stressed bacteria with good results, further demonstrating its applicability. SIGNIFICANCE It was demonstrated for the first time that COFs are suitable for DNA extraction and purification. In addition to this, due to the tunable nature of these materials, it is envisioned that future modifications in terms of pore size or combination with magnetic materials, will allow to further improve their performance. In addition to this, the rapid and low-cost sample treatment protocol developed demonstrated suitable for the rapid screening of STEC vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Health and Environment Research Center, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 712, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Soraia P S Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal; CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Prado M, Lamas A, Garrido-Maestu A. Multiplex Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Foods. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2967:63-73. [PMID: 37608103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3358-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of human foodborne pathogens transmitted to humans through the consumption of different types of food. Their detection is mainly performed by targeting specific serogroups by classical microbiological methods and, later, by molecular typing with different techniques. The application of multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) can significantly improve the turnaround time of the existing methodologies as in one single run it is possible to detect and characterize specific microorganisms. In the present chapter, a pentaplex qPCR assay is described for the identification of STEC which may also be applied for the rapid screening of these pathogens in different types of foods. The assay targets the most important virulence factors of these microorganisms, the genes stx1, stx2, and eae, along with the rfbE gene which encodes for the "O157" antigen as this is the most prevalent serogroup among all STEC, as well as an internal amplification control to rule out false-negative results due to qPCR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Foteini Roumani
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, Braga, Portugal.
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Rapid Same-Day Detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli O157 by Colorimetric LAMP in Dairy Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Rodríguez-Lorenzo L, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Combination of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with SYBR Green I for naked-eye, same-day detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground meat. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Fuciños P, Pastrana L, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Short pre-enrichment and modified matrix lysis. A comparative study towards same-day detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Suitability of the MinION long read sequencer for semi-targeted detection of foodborne pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339051. [PMID: 34625270 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are still a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to this the current methodologies to track these microorganisms cannot cope with the current intensive production systems, thus novel methods are of outmost importance. DNA-based methods have already demonstrated suitable to address this issue, but most of them are targeted methods such as real-time PCR (qPCR), meaning that one will only find what is looking for, thus taking the risk of missing relevant pathogens in a given sample. To overcome this limitation we have developed an easy-to-implement methodology which enables the detection of several pathogens simultaneously by using long-read Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with MinION. The method was named "semi-targeted" due to the combination of a non-targeted detection method, NGS, with the usage of selective media in order to partially eliminate non-pathogenic interfering bacteria. To this end, we included an enrichment step for the recovery of different pathogens, namely Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, after DNA extraction and library preparation, the samples were analyzed with MinION implementing the low-cost Flongle Flow Cells. The methodology was successfully evaluated in spiked milk samples with an excellent agreement with the results obtained by qPCR and culture-based methods. The method can provide accurate results after only 2 h of sequencing. Sample multiplexing, along with the lower cost of the Flongle Flow Cells and the reduced price of the MinION platform, make the assay cost-effective that is of importance for the food industry. Starting the method with a classical microbiological approach, the enrichment, the method is easy to implement in testing laboratories, it provides flexibility in terms of potential pathogens to be detected, and the positive results can be easily confirmed following culture-based, or other type, of confirmation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Foteini Roumani
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group. International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Recent advances in microchip-based methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Garrido-Maestu A, Azinheiro S, Roumani F, Carvalho J, Prado M. Application of Short Pre-enrichment, and Double Chemistry Real-Time PCR, Combining Fluorescent Probes and an Intercalating Dye, for Same-Day Detection and Confirmation of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157 in Ground Beef and Chicken Samples. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591041. [PMID: 33162968 PMCID: PMC7581864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular methods, particularly those based on real-time PCR (qPCR), have become a popular approach to detect pathogens in food samples. This technique may take advantage of hydrolysis fluorescent probes for increased specificity. Even though suitable, this approach loses the capacity of performing result confirmation by melt curve analysis. In the current study, we developed an alternative approach, combining fluorescent probes along with an intercalating dye (SYBR Green) in order to simultaneously detect, and confirm the result, of two foodborne pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157). This new approach named double chemistry qPCR was combined with a short pre-enrichment in order to obtain a multiplex “same-day” detection method for the selected pathogens. The evaluation of the novel method in spiked food samples (ground beef and chicken breast) obtained values of relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy higher than 95%, and Cohen’s kappa of 0.92, with a Limit of Detection95 below 5 cfu/25 g, demonstrating its reliability. In addition to this, the method was challenged by inoculating heat-stressed bacteria as well as dead ones. It was observed that it was also possible to detect stressed bacteria with an initial inoculation level below 10 cfu/25 g. Also, it was noticed that high initial concentration of either pathogen (higher than 104 cfu/25 g) was needed in order to generate false positive results due to the presence of dead bacteria, thus the method presents potential for its application in the specific detection of live microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Foteini Roumani
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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YUE XY, ZHOU ZJ, WU YM, LI Y, LI JC, BAI YH, WANG JL. Application Progress of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots in Food Analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Application of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with Lateral Flow for a Naked-Eye Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Food Processing Surfaces. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091249. [PMID: 32906705 PMCID: PMC7555525 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous contamination of foods with L. monocytogenes, highlights the need for additional controls in the food industry. The verification of food processing plants is key to avoid cross-contaminations, and to assure the safety of the food products. In this study, a new methodology for the detection of L. monocytogenes on food contact surfaces was developed and evaluated. It combines Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) with the lateral flow (LF) naked-eye detection. Different approaches for the recovery of the bacteria from the surface, the enrichment step and downstream analysis by RPA-LF were tested and optimized. The results were compared with a standard culture-based technique and qPCR analysis. Sampling procedure with sponges was more efficient for the recovery of the bacteria than a regular swab. A 24 h enrichment in ONE broth was needed for the most sensitive detection of the pathogen. By RPA-LF, it was possible to detect 1.1 pg/µL of pure L. monocytogenes DNA, and the complete methodology reached a LoD50 of 4.2 CFU/cm2 and LoD95 of 18.2 CFU/cm2. These results are comparable with the culture-based methodology and qPCR. The developed approach allows for a next-day detection without complex equipment and a naked-eye visualization of the results.
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15
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Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Multiplex Detection of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157 and L. monocytogenes by qPCR Melt Curve Analysis in Spiked Infant Formula. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1359. [PMID: 32899815 PMCID: PMC7564587 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Food poisoning continue to be a threat in the food industry showing a need to improve the detection of the pathogen responsible for the hospitalization cases and death. DNA-based techniques represent a real advantage and allow the detection of several targets at the same time, reducing cost and time of analysis. The development of new methodology using SYBR Green qPCR for the detection of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157 simultaneously was developed and a non-competitive internal amplification control (NC-IAC) was implemented to detect reaction inhibition. The formulation and supplementation of the enrichment medium was also optimized to allow the growth of all pathogens. The limit of detection (LoD) 95% obtained was <1 CFU/25 g for E. coli O157, and 2 CFU/25 g for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes and regarding the multiplex detection a LoD 95% of 1.7 CFU/25 g was observed. The specificity, relative sensitivity and accuracy of full methodology were 100% and the use of the NC-IAC allowed the reliability of the results without interfering with the sensitivity of the methodology. The described study proved to obtain results comparable to those of probe-based qPCR, and more economically than classical high resolution melting qPCR, being both important aspects for its implementation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
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Ripolles-Avila C, Martínez-Garcia M, Capellas M, Yuste J, Fung DYC, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. From hazard analysis to risk control using rapid methods in microbiology: A practical approach for the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1877-1907. [PMID: 33337076 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of foodborne diseases is one of the main objectives of health authorities. To this effect, analytical techniques to detect and/or quantify the microbiological contamination of foods prior to their release onto the market are required. Management and control of foodborne pathogens have generally been based on conventional detection methodologies, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also involve high consumable materials costs. However, this management perspective has changed over time given that the food industry requires efficient analytical methods that obtain rapid results. This review covers the historical context of traditional methods and their passage in time through to the latest developments in rapid methods and their implementation in the food sector. Improvements and limitations in the detection of the most relevant pathogens are discussed from a perspective applicable to the current situation in the food industry. Considering efforts that are being done and recent developments, rapid and accurate methods already used in the food industry will be also affordable and portable and offer connectivity in near future, which improves decision-making and safety throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ripolles-Avila
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-Garcia
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Capellas
- Area of Food Technology, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Yuste
- Area of Food Technology, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Y C Fung
- Call Hall, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - José-Juan Rodríguez-Jerez
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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