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Rachmadi AT, Gyawali P, Summers G, Jabed A, Fletcher GC, Hewitt J. PMAxx-RT-qPCR to Determine Human Norovirus Inactivation Following High-Pressure Processing of Oysters. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:171-179. [PMID: 38457095 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis globally. While person-to-person transmission is most commonly reported route of infection, human norovirus is frequently associated with foodborne transmission, including through consumption of contaminated bivalve molluscan shellfish. Reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR is most commonly used method for detecting human norovirus detection in foods, but does not inform on its infectivity, posing challenges for assessing intervention strategies aimed at risk elimination. In this study, RT-qPCR was used in conjunction with a derivative of the photoreactive DNA binding dye propidium monoazide (PMAxx™) (PMAxx-RT-qPCR) to evaluate the viral capsid integrity of norovirus genogroup I and II (GI and GII) in shellfish following high pressure processing (HPP). Norovirus GI.3 and GII.4 bioaccumulated oysters were subjected to HPP at pressures of 300 and 450 MPa at 15 °C, and 300, 450 and 600 MPa at 20 °C. Samples were analysed using both RT-qPCR and PMAxx-RT-qPCR. For each sample, norovirus concentration (genome copies/g digestive tissue) determined by RT-qPCR was divided by the PMAxx-RT-qPCR concentration, giving the relative non-intact (RNI) ratio. The RNI ratio values relate to the amount of non-intact (non-infectious) viruses compared to fully intact (possible infectious) viruses. Our findings revealed an increasing RNI ratio value, indicating decreasing virus integrity, with increasing pressure and decreasing pressure. At 300 MPa, for norovirus GI, the median [95% confidence interval, CI] RNI ratio values were 2.6 [1.9, 3.0] at 15 °C compared to 1.1 [0.9, 1.8] at 20 °C. At 450 MPa, the RNI ratio values were 5.5 [2.9, 7.0] at 15 °C compared to 1.3 [1.0, 1.6] at 20 °C. At 600 MPa, the RNI ratio value was 5.1 [2.9, 13.4] at 20 °C. For norovirus GII, RT-qPCR and PMAxx-RT-qPCR detections were significantly reduced at 450 and 600 MPa at both 15 °C and 20 °C, with the median [95% CI] RNI ratio value at 300 MPa being 1.1 [0.8, 1.6]. Following HPP treatment, the use of PMAxx-RT-qPCR enables the selective detection of intact and potential infectious norovirus, enhancing our understanding of the inactivation profiles and supporting the development of more effective risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Taruna Rachmadi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR), Kenepuru Science Centre, PO Box 50348, Porirua, 5240, New Zealand
| | - Pradip Gyawali
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR), Kenepuru Science Centre, PO Box 50348, Porirua, 5240, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Summers
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Anower Jabed
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR), Kenepuru Science Centre, PO Box 50348, Porirua, 5240, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Hewitt
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR), Kenepuru Science Centre, PO Box 50348, Porirua, 5240, New Zealand.
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2
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Kim SH, Roy PK, Jeon EB, Kim JS, Heu MS, Lee JS, Park SY. Inactivation of Human Norovirus GII.4's Infectivity in Fresh Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas) through Thermal Treatment in Association with Propidium Monoazide. Viruses 2024; 16:110. [PMID: 38257810 PMCID: PMC10821128 DOI: 10.3390/v16010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of heat treatment (85 °C or 100 °C for 5-20 min) on human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4's capsid stability in fresh oysters. In addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) was used in viral samples to distinguish infectious viruses and evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Further, we explored the effect of the heat treatment on oyster quality (Hunter color and hardness). The titer of HuNoV for oysters significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 0.39-1.32 and 0.93-2.27 log10 copy number/μL in the non-PMA and PMA-treated groups, respectively, after heat treatment. HuNoV in oysters not treated with PMA showed a decrease of <1.5 - log10, whereas in PMA-treated oysters, a decrease of >1 - log10 was observed after treatment at 85 °C for 10 min. Treatments for both 15 min and 20 min at 100 °C showed a >99% log10 reduction using PMA/RT-qPCR. In the Hunter color, an increase in heat temperature and duration was associated with a significant decrease in 'L' (brightness+, darkness-) and an increase in 'a' (redness+, greenness-) and 'b' (yellowness+, blueness-) (p < 0.05). Our findings confirmed that the hardness of oyster meat significantly increased with increasing temperature and time (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that PMA/RT-qPCR was effective in distinguishing HuNoV viability in heat-treated oysters. The optimal heat treatment for oysters was 10 min at 85 °C and 5 min at 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Min Soo Heu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
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Russo GL, Langellotti AL, Buonocunto G, Puleo S, Di Monaco R, Anastasio A, Vuoso V, Smaldone G, Baselice M, Capuano F, Garofalo F, Masi P. The Sous Vide Cooking of Mediterranean Mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis): Safety and Quality Assessment. Foods 2023; 12:2900. [PMID: 37569168 PMCID: PMC10417654 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study involves an investigation of the effects of various cooking temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, and food preservatives on the quality and shelf-life of sous vide Mediterranean mussels. Cooking temperatures of 80 °C or above significantly improved the microbiological quality, with bacterial counts remaining within the acceptability range for human consumption even after 21 days of refrigerated storage. Fast freezing followed by slow thawing preserved the highest moisture content, potentially improving texture. Sensory analysis revealed that refrigerated sous vide mussels maintained a comparable taste to freshly cooked samples. Frozen samples reheated via microwaving exhibited more intense flavour than pan-reheated or fresh mussels. Food additives, including citric acid, potassium benzoate, and potassium sorbate, alone or in combination with grape seed oil, significantly reduced total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances during 28 days of storage, indicating decreased spoilage and lipid oxidation. Mussels with a combination of these additives registered a nitrogen content as low as 22 mg of N/100g after 28 days, well below the limit of acceptability (<35 mg of N/100g). Food additives also inhibited bacterial growth, with mesophilic bacteria count below 3.35 Log CFU/g after 28 days, compared with 5.37 Log CFU/g in control samples. This study provides valuable insights for developing optimal cooking and preservation methods for sous vide cooked seafood, underscoring the need for further research on optimal cooking and freeze-thaw protocols for various seafood types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Russo
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Luca Langellotti
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Gabriele Buonocunto
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Sharon Puleo
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
- Unit of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Monaco
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
- Unit of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Aniello Anastasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (MVPA), University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Valeria Vuoso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (MVPA), University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Giorgio Smaldone
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Sicurezza Sanitaria del Pescato (CRiSSaP), 80143 Napoli, Italy;
- ASL Caserta, Department of Prevention, Complex Unit Hygiene of Animal Origin Foods, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Baselice
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Construction and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Federico Capuano
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Garofalo
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Paolo Masi
- CAISIAL Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.); (S.P.); (R.D.M.); (P.M.)
- Unit of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Roy PK, Jeon EB, Kim JY, Park SY. Application of High-Pressure Processing (or High Hydrostatic Pressure) for the Inactivation of Human Norovirus in Korean Traditionally Preserved Raw Crab. Viruses 2023; 15:1599. [PMID: 37515285 PMCID: PMC10386741 DOI: 10.3390/v15071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a common cause of outbreaks linked to food. In this study, the effectiveness of a non-thermal method known as high-pressure processing (HPP) on the viable reduction of an HuNoV GII.4 strain on raw crabs was evaluated at three different pressures (200, 400, and 600 MPa). HuNoV viability in raw crabs was investigated by using propidium monoazide/sarkosyl (PMA) as a nucleic acid intercalating dye prior to performing a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effect of the HPP exposure on pH, sensory, and Hunter colors were also assessed. HuNoV was reduced in raw crabs compared with control to HPP (0.15-1.91 log) in non-PMA and (0.67-2.23 log) in PMA. HuNoV genomic titer reduction was <2 log copy number/µL) when HPP was treated for 5 min without PMA pretreatment, but it was reduced to >2 log copy number/µL after PMA. The pH and Hunter colors of the untreated and HPP-treated raw crabs were significantly different (p < 0.05), but sensory attributes were not significant. The findings indicate that PMA/RT-qPCR could be used to detect HuNoV infectivity without altering the quality of raw crabs after a 5 min treatment with HPP. Therefore, HuNoV GII.4 could be reduced up to 2.23 log in food at a commercially acceptable pressure duration of 600 MPa for 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
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Canh VD, Liu M, Sangsanont J, Katayama H. Capsid integrity detection of pathogenic viruses in waters: Recent progress and potential future applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154258. [PMID: 35248642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic human viruses are a major public health concern. To control the potential risk of viral infection through contaminated waters, a rapid, reliable tool to assess the infectivity of pathogenic viruses is required. Recently, an advanced approach (i.e., capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR) was developed to discriminate intact viruses (potentially infectious) from inactivated viruses. In this approach, samples were pretreated with capsid integrity reagents (e.g., monoazide dyes or metal compounds) before (RT -)qPCR. These reagents can only penetrate inactivated viruses with compromised capsids to bind to viral genomes and prevent their amplification, but they cannot enter viruses with intact capsids. Therefore, only viral genomes of intact viruses were amplified or detected by (RT-)qPCR after capsid integrity treatment. In this study, we reviewed recent progress in the development and application of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR to assess the potential infectivity of viruses (including non-enveloped and enveloped viruses with different genome structures [RNA and DNA]) in water. The efficiency of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR has been shown to depend on various factors, such as conditions of integrity reagent treatment, types of viruses, environmental matrices, and the capsid structure of viruses after disinfection treatments (e.g., UV, heat, and chlorine). For the application of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR in real-world samples, the use of suitable virus concentration methods and process controls is important to control the efficiency of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR. In addition, potential future applications of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR for determining the mechanism of disinfection treatment on viral structure (e.g., capsid or genome) and a combination of capsid integrity treatment and next-generation sequencing (NGS) (capsid integrity NGS) for monitoring the community of intact pathogenic viruses in water are also discussed. This review provides essential information on the application of capsid integrity (RT-)qPCR as an efficient tool for monitoring the presence of pathogenic viruses with intact capsids in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Duc Canh
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jatuwat Sangsanont
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environmental Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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6
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Song MG, Jeon EB, Kim JY, Park SY. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on the potential infectivity of human norovirus
GII
.4 using propidium monoazide with
RT‐qPCR
and quality assessments in Manila clams (
Ruditapes philippinarum
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyu Song
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
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Ezzatpanah H, Gómez‐López VM, Koutchma T, Lavafpour F, Moerman F, Mohammadi M, Raheem D. New food safety challenges of viral contamination from a global perspective: Conventional, emerging, and novel methods of viral control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:904-941. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ezzatpanah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Tatiana Koutchma
- Guelph Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | - Frank Moerman
- Department of Chemistry Catholic University of Leuven ‐ KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre (NIEM) University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
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8
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Kim JY, Jeon EB, Song MG, Ha KS, Jeong SH, Jung YJ, Park SY. Combination of ultrasonic waves and dielectric barrier discharge plasma for the viable reduction in human norovirus while retaining the quality of raw sea squirt. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Song
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Ha
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute National Institute of Fisheries Science Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Jeong
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute National Institute of Fisheries Science Tongyeong Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Joong Jung
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division National Institute of Fisheries Science Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science Gyeongsang National University Tongyeong Republic of Korea
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Yang M, Zhao F, Tong L, Wang S, Zhou D. Contamination, bioaccumulation mechanism, detection, and control of human norovirus in bivalve shellfish: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8972-8985. [PMID: 34184956 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1937510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and bivalve shellfish are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission. A comprehensive understanding of bivalve shellfish-related HuNoV outbreaks focusing on contamination factors, bioaccumulation mechanisms, and pre- and post-harvest interventions is essential for the development of effective strategies to prevent contamination of shellfish. This review comprehensively surveys the current knowledge on global contamination and non-thermal treatment of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish. HuNoV contamination in bivalve shellfish is significantly related to the season and water. While evaluating the water quality of shellfish-inhabited waters is a key intervention, the development of non-heat treatment technology to effectively inactivate the HuNoV in bivalve shellfish while maintaining the flavor and nutrition of the shellfish is also an important direction for further research. Additionally, this review explores the bioaccumulation mechanisms of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish, especially the mechanism underlying the binding of histo-blood group antigen-like molecules and HuNoV. The detection methods for infectious HuNoV are also discussed. The establishment of effective methods to rapidly detect infectious HuNoV and development of biological components to inactivate or prevent HuNoV contamination in shellfish also need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihui Tong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Deqing Zhou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Jeon EB, Choi MS, Kim JY, Choi EH, Lim JS, Choi J, Ha KS, Kwon JY, Jeong SH, Park SY. Assessment of potential infectivity of human norovirus in the traditional Korean salted clam product "Jogaejeotgal" by floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110107. [PMID: 33641974 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antiviral effects of floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 43 kHz, N2 1.5 m/s, 5-30 min) against human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 in Jogaejeotgal Infectivity was assessed using real-time quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) following treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA) and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (Sarkosyl). This study also investigated the effects of FE-DBD plasma treatment on Jogaejeotgal quality (assessed using pH value and Hunter colors). Following inoculation, the average titers of HuNoV GII.4 in Jogaejeotgal significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with increases in the FE-DBD plasma treatment time in both the non-PMA-treated and PMA + Sarkosyl-treated samples; in the non-PMA and PMA + Sarkosyl treated Jogaejeotgal, HuNoV GII.4 titers (log10 copy number/µL) were to: 3.16 and 2.95 (5 min), 2.90 and 2.48 (10 min), 2.82 and 2.40 (15 min), 2.58 and 2.26 (20 min), 2.48 and 2.06 (25 min), and 2.23 and 1.91 (30 min), respectively. The average titers of HuNoV demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) reductions of 0.35 log10 (55.3%) in PMA + Sarkosyl-treated samples compared with the non-PMA treated samples following exposure to 5-30 min of FE-DBD plasma. Reductions of >1-log for HuNoV in PMA + Sarkosyl- treated Jogaejeotgal required treatments of FE-DBD of 5-30 min. Using the first order kinetic model (R2 = 0.95), GII.4 decimal reduction time (D-value) resulting from FE-DBD plasma was 23.75 min. The pH and Hunter colors ("L", "a", and "b") were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the untreated and FE-DBD plasma-treated Jogaejeotgal. Based on these results, the PMA + Sarkosyl/RT-qPCR method could be assessing HuNoV viability following 5-30 min treatment of FE-DBD plasma. Furthermore, may be an optimal treatment for Jogaejeotgal without altering the food quality (color and pH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Jeon
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seok Choi
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sup Lim
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Ha
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Jeong
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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Choi MS, Jeon EB, Kim JY, Choi EH, Lim JS, Choi J, Ha KS, Kwon JY, Jeong SH, Park SY. Virucidal Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on Human Norovirus Infectivity in Fresh Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas). Foods 2020; 9:E1731. [PMID: 33255577 PMCID: PMC7760321 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 43 kHz, N2 1.5 L/min, 10~60 min) on human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 infectivity in fresh oysters. HuNoV viability in oysters was assessed by using propidium monoazide (PMA) as a nucleic acid intercalating dye before performing a real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the impact of the DBD plasma treatment on pH and Hunter colors was assessed. When DBD plasma was treated for 60 min, the HuNoV genomic titer reduction without PMA pretreatment was negligible (<1 log copy number/µL), whereas when PMA treatment was used, HuNoV titer was reduced to >1 log copy number/µL in just 30 min. D1 and D2-value of HuNoV infectivity were calculated as 36.5 and 73.0 min of the DBD plasma treatment, respectively, using the first-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.98). The pH and Hunter colors were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the untreated and DBD-plasma-treated oysters. The results suggest that PMA/RT-qPCR could help distinguish HuNoV infectivity without negatively affecting oyster quality following >30 min treatment with DBD plasma. Moreover, the inactivation kinetics of nonthermal DBD plasma against HuNoV in fresh oysters might provide basic information for oyster processing and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Seok Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea; (M.-S.C.); (E.B.J.); (J.Y.K.)
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea; (M.-S.C.); (E.B.J.); (J.Y.K.)
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea; (M.-S.C.); (E.B.J.); (J.Y.K.)
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Korea; (E.H.C.); (J.S.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Sup Lim
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Korea; (E.H.C.); (J.S.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinsung Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01987, Korea; (E.H.C.); (J.S.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Kwang Soo Ha
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea; (K.S.H.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea; (K.S.H.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Sang Hyeon Jeong
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea; (K.S.H.); (J.Y.K.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Shin Young Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea; (M.-S.C.); (E.B.J.); (J.Y.K.)
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea
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