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Wilson JSE, McGill RAR, Steingrund P, Trueman CN. Tracing the geographic origin of Atlantic cod products using stable isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024:e9861. [PMID: 39039914 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing demand for fish and seafood means that the traceability of marine products is becoming ever more important for consumers, producers and regulators. Highly complex and globalised supply networks create challenges for verifying a stated catch region. Atlantic cod is one of the most commercially important species in the northeast Atlantic. Several regional fisheries supply cod into the trade network, of which some are at greater risk of overexploitation than others. Tools allowing retrospective testing of spatial origin would significantly assist sustainable harvesting of fish, reducing incentives for illegal fishing and fraud. METHODS Here, we investigate whether stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur can be used to retrospectively identify the catch region of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We measured the isotopic composition of muscle tissue from 377 cod from 10 catch regions across the northeast Atlantic and then applied three different assignment methods to classify cod by region of most likely origin. The assignment method developed was subsequently tested using independently sourced, known-origin samples. RESULTS Individual cod could be traced back to their true origin with an average assignment accuracy of 70-79% and over 90% accuracy for certain regions. Assignment success rates comparable to those using genetic techniques were achieved when assigning among restricted and pre-selected regions. However, assignment accuracy to the fishery region estimated from independent samples across the whole geographic range of cod averaged ~25% overall, highlighting the need for careful application of isotope-based approaches. CONCLUSION Stable isotope techniques can provide effective tools to test for origin in Atlantic cod, but not all catch regions are isotopically distinct. Stable isotopes could be combined with genetic techniques to result in higher assignment accuracy than could be achieved using either method independently. Assignment potential can be estimated from reference datasets, but estimates of realistic assignment accuracy require independently collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet S E Wilson
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Marine Management Organisation, Environment Agency Romsey Office, Romsey, UK
| | - Rona A R McGill
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Clive N Trueman
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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2
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Chen P, Shi Y, Xiao X, Xue R, Li Y, Li L, Mao C, Lu T, Xu C. A study of the lipid profile of Coix seeds from four areas based on untargeted lipidomics combined with multivariate algorithms to enable tracing of their origin. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112740. [PMID: 37254373 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The geographical traceability of food products is seen as a distinctive feature of the future of food which is increasingly becoming a concern for consumers. In this research, differences in the lipid composition of Coix seed samples from four major Chinese origins were investigated using non-targeted lipidomics. By multivariate statistical analysis, unsupervised PCA and OPLS-DA based differentiation between the four origins of Coix seed samples could be achieved. The OPLS-DA VIP > 1 screened 72 lipids out of 1211 lipids as potential markers to distinguish Coix seeds from different origins. In addition, the potential markers (SPH(d16:0), Cer(d18:2/20:0 + O) and PC(8:0e/8:0) were combined with statistical analysis algorithms to construct a discriminant function for rapid differentiation of Coix seed samples from different origins and a specific function for different origins with 100% discrimination accuracy. In general, a rapid and accurate method combining multivariate chemometrics and algorithms was developed based on untargeted lipidomics to determine the geographical origin of Coix seed samples, which can also be applied to other agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yabo Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Conglong Xu
- Jiangxi Jingde Chinese Medicine Co Ltd, Leping 333302, China.
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3
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Li S, Jiang D, Li J, Ma Y, Yao J, Du L, Xu Y, Qian Y. Geographical traceability of gelatin in China using stable isotope ratio analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1116049. [PMID: 36875856 PMCID: PMC9978747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Geographical traceability is crucial to the quality and safety control of gelatin. However, currently, methods for gelatin traceability have not been established anywhere in the world. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of differentiating the geographical origins of gelatin from different regions in China using stable isotope technology. To achieve this objective, 47 bovine stick bone samples from three different regions (Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Guangxi, respectively) in China were collected, and gelatin was extracted from these bones using the enzymatic method. The fingerprint characteristics of stable isotopes of δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H of gelatin from different regions in China were studied. Moreover, isotopic changes from the bone to gelatin during the processing were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of these factors as origin indicators. The results of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H of gelatin from different regions display significant differences, and using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the correct differentiation of origin reached 97.9%. Certain differences in stable isotope ratios were observed during the processing of bone to gelatin samples. Nonetheless, the fractionation effect caused by the processing of bone to gelatin samples was not sufficient to influence the identification of gelatin from different origins, which proves that δ13C, δ15N, and δ2H are effective origin indicators of gelatin. In conclusion, the stable isotope ratio analysis combined with the chemometric analysis can be used as a reliable tool for identifying gelatin traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Department of Tritium Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Department of Tritium Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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4
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Recent advances in Chinese food authentication and origin verification using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 398:133896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Stable isotope and trace element analysis for tracing the geographical origin of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in food authentication. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Tan Z, Ning J, Zhai Y, Zheng G. Evaluation of multivariate data analysis for marine mussels Mytilus edulis authentication in China: Based on stable isotope ratio and compositions of C, N, O and H. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Application of stable isotopic and elemental composition combined with random forest algorithm for the botanical classification of Chinese honey. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wu J, Liu N, Kang X, Wang S, Zhou D. An explainable machine learning model for identifying geographical origins of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus based on multi-element profile. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Proposing Two Local Modeling Approaches for Discriminating PGI Sunite Lamb from Other Origins Using Stable Isotopes and Machine Learning. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060846. [PMID: 35327268 PMCID: PMC8954832 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the protection of Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Sunite lamb, PGI Sunite lamb samples and lamb samples from two other banners in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region were distinguished by stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O) and two local modeling approaches. In terms of the main characteristics and predictive performance, local modeling was better than global modeling. The accuracies of five local models (LDA, RF, SVM, BPNN, and KNN) obtained by the Adaptive Kennard–Stone algorithm were 91.30%, 95.65%, 91.30%, 100%, and 91.30%, respectively. The accuracies of the five local models obtained by an approach of PCA–Full distance based on DD–SIMCA were 91.30%, 91.30%, 91.30%, 100%, and 95.65%, respectively. The accuracies of the five global models were 91.30%, 91.30%, 91.30%, 100%, and 91.30%, respectively. Stable isotope ratio analysis combined with local modeling can be used as an effective indicator for protecting PGI Sunite lamb.
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Xu Y, Peng K, Jiang F, Cui Y, Han D, Liu H, Hong H, Tian X. Geographical discrimination of swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) using stable isotope and multi-element analyses. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buvé C, Saeys W, Rasmussen MA, Neckebroeck B, Hendrickx M, Grauwet T, Van Loey A. Application of multivariate data analysis for food quality investigations: An example-based review. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110878. [PMID: 34980408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
These days, large multivariate data sets are common in the food research area. This is not surprising as food quality, which is important for consumers, and its changes are the result of a complex interplay of multiple compounds and reactions. In order to comprehensively extract information from these data sets, proper data analysis tools should be applied. The application of multivariate data analysis (MVDA) is therefore highly recommended. However, at present the use of MVDA for food quality investigations is not yet fully explored. This paper focusses on a number of MVDA methods (PCA (Principal Component Analysis), PLS (Partial Least Squares Regression), PARAFAC (Parallel Factor Analysis) and ASCA (ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis)) useful for food quality investigations. The terminology, main steps and the theoretical basis of each method will be explained. As this is an example-based review, each method was applied on the same experimental data set to give the reader an idea about each selected MVDA method and to make a comparison between the outcomes. Numerous MVDA methods are available in literature. Which method to select depends on the data set and objective. PCA should be the first choice for data exploration of two-dimensional data. For predictive purposes, PLS is the most appropriate method. Given an underlying experimental design, ASCA takes into account both the relation between the different variables and the design factors. In case of a multi-way data set, PARAFAC can be used for data exploration. While these methods have already proven their value in research, there is a need to further explore their potential to investigate the complex interplay of compounds and reactions contributing to food quality. With this work we would like to encourage food scientists with no or limited knowledge of MVDA to get some first insights into the selected methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Buvé
- KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Saeys
- KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, MeBioS division, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bram Neckebroeck
- KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrickx
- KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tara Grauwet
- KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Loey
- KU Leuven Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Zhang J, Yang R, Li YC, Ni X. The Role of Soil Mineral Multi-elements in Improving the Geographical Origin Discrimination of Tea (Camellia sinensis). Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4330-4341. [PMID: 33409909 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of mineral multi-elements with chemometrics can effectively trace the geographical origin of tea (Camellia sinensis). However, the role of soil mineral multi-elements in discriminating the origin of tea was unknown. This study aimed to further validate whether the geographical origin of tea can be authenticated based on mineral multi-elements, the concentrations of which in tea leaves were significantly correlated with those in soil. Eighty-seven tea leaves samples and paired soils from Meitan and Fenggang (MTFG), Anshun, and Leishan in China were sampled, and 24 mineral elements were measured. The data were processed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA). Results indicated that tea and soil samples from different origins differed significantly (p < 0.05) in terms of most mineral multi-elemental concentrations. Conversely, the intra-regional differences of different cultivars of the same origin were relatively minor. Seventeen mineral elements in tea leaves were significantly correlated with those in soils. The SLDA model, based on the 17 aforementioned elements, produced a 98.85% accurate classification rate. In addition, the origin was also identified satisfactorily with 94.25% accuracy when considering the cultivar effect. In conclusion, the tea plant cultivars unaffected the accuracy of the discrimination rate. The geographical origin of tea could be authenticated based on the mineral multi-elements with significant correlation between tea leaves and soils. Soil mineral multi-elements played an important role in identifying the geographical origin of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Ruidong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yuncong C Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Xinran Ni
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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13
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Origin verification of imported infant formula and fresh milk into China using stable isotope and elemental chemometrics. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Zhou X, Wu H, Pan J, Chen H, Jin B, Yan Z, Xie L, Rogers KM. Geographical traceability of south-east Asian durian: A chemometric study using stable isotopes and elemental compositions. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Authentication of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) from different origins by linear discriminant analysis of multi-elements. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Understanding processing, maturity and harvest period effects to authenticate early-spring Longjing tea using stable isotopes and chemometric analyses. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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A Multi-Elements Isotope Approach to Assess the Geographic Provenance of Manila Clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum) via Recombining Appropriate Elements. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030646. [PMID: 33803809 PMCID: PMC8003290 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global consumption of seafood has led to increased trade among nations, accompanied by mislabeling and fraudulent practices that have rendered authentication crucial. The multi-isotope ratio analysis is considered as applicable tool for evaluating geographical authentications but requires information and experience to select target elements such as isotopes, through a distinction method based on differences in habitat and physiology due to origin. The present study examined recombination conditions of multi-elements that facilitated geographically distinct classifications of the clams to sort out appropriate elements. Briefly, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) analysis was performed according to several combinations of five stable isotopes (carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δD), and sulfur (δ34S)) and two radiogenic elements (strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and neodymium (143Nd/144Nd)), and the geographical classification results of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea), Korea and China were compared. In conclusion, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with at least four elements (C, N, O, and S) including S revealed a remarkable cluster distribution of the clams. These findings expanded the application of systematic multi-elements analyses, including stable and radiogenic isotopes, to trace the origins of R. philippinarum collected from the Korea, China, and DPR Korea.
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Wang J, Zhang T, Ge Y. C/N/H/O stable isotope analysis for determining the geographical origin of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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