1
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Komal, Sherzada S, Imran M, Khan SA, Wajid A. A multiplex PCR assay to detect mislabelling in fish products. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:198-207. [PMID: 38726701 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2349606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Fish substitution in fish products is an important issue in fish markets, as it is a widespread practice. An authentication protocol for Rohu, Thaila and Tilapia was developed by multiplex PCR. Three species-specific and one degenerate common forward primer were designed using the Cytb gene of the mitochondrial genome. These primers for Labeo rohita, Labeo catla and Oreochromis niloticus showed the fragment size of 235 bp, 186 bp and 506 bp on the agarose gel, respectively. The primers for L. rohita and L. catla were sensitive to 0.1 ng of DNA template, while for O. niloticus this value was 1 ng of DNA template. A total of 230 commercial samples (160 fried and 70 processed fish products) were screened, where 60% mislabeling in fried and 30% mislabeling in processed fish were found. This multiplex PCR protocol could give useful insights for food inspection and enforcement of regulatory food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Sherzada
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akram Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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2
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Singh M, Young RG, Hellberg RS, Hanner RH, Corradini MG, Farber JM. Twenty-three years of PCR-based seafood authentication assay development: What have we learned? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13401. [PMID: 39073284 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Seafood is a prime target for fraudulent activities due to the complexity of its supply chain, high demand, and difficult discrimination among species once morphological characteristics are removed. Instances of seafood fraud are expected to increase due to growing demand. This manuscript reviews the application of DNA-based methods for commercial fish authentication and identification from 2000 to 2023. It explores (1) the most common types of commercial fish used in assay development, (2) the type of method used, (3) the gene region most often targeted, (4) provides a case study of currently published assays or primer-probe pairs used for DNA amplification, for specificity, and (5) makes recommendations for ensuring standardized assay-based reporting for future studies. A total of 313 original assays for the detection and authentication of commercial fish species from 191 primary articles published over the last 23 years were examined. The most explored DNA-based method was real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by DNA sequencing. The most targeted gene regions were cytb (cytochrome b) and COI (cytochrome c oxidase 1). Tuna was the most targeted commercial fish species. A case study of published tuna assays (n = 19) targeting the cytb region found that most assays were not species-specific through in silico testing. This was conducted by examining the primer mismatch for each assay using multiple sequence alignment. Therefore, there is need for more standardized DNA-based assay reporting in the literature to ensure specificity, reproducibility, and reliability of results. Factors, such as cost, sensitivity, quality of the DNA, and species, should be considered when designing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeka Singh
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G Young
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosalee S Hellberg
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Robert H Hanner
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Gorini T, Mezzasalma V, Deligia M, De Mattia F, Campone L, Labra M, Frigerio J. Check Your Shopping Cart: DNA Barcoding and Mini-Barcoding for Food Authentication. Foods 2023; 12:2392. [PMID: 37372604 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular approach of DNA barcoding for the characterization and traceability of food products has come into common use in many European countries. However, it is important to address and solve technical and scientific issues such as the efficiency of the barcode sequences and DNA extraction methods to be able to analyze all the products that the food sector offers. The goal of this study is to collect the most defrauded and common food products and identify better workflows for species identification. A total of 212 specimens were collected in collaboration with 38 companies belonging to 5 different fields: seafood, botanicals, agrifood, spices, and probiotics. For all the typologies of specimens, the most suitable workflow was defined, and three species-specific primer pairs for fish were also designed. Results showed that 21.2% of the analyzed products were defrauded. A total of 88.2% of specimens were correctly identified by DNA barcoding analysis. Botanicals (28.8%) have the highest number of non-conformances, followed by spices (28.5%), agrifood (23.5%), seafood (11.4%), and probiotics (7.7%). DNA barcoding and mini-barcoding are confirmed as fast and reliable methods for ensuring quality and safety in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gorini
- FEM2-Ambiente, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marta Deligia
- Department of Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Frigerio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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4
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Lutz Í, Miranda J, Santana P, Martins T, Ferreira C, Sampaio I, Vallinoto M, Gomes GE. Quality analysis of genomic DNA and authentication of fisheries products based on distinct methods of DNA extraction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282369. [PMID: 36854012 PMCID: PMC9974130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic techniques are an effective monitoring tool, but high-quality DNA samples are usually required. In this study, we compared three different protocols of DNA extraction: NaCl (saline); phenol-chloroform and commercial kit (Promega)-from three biological tissues of five individuals of Lutjanus purpureus under two methods of storage. The evaluated items included DNA concentration and purity, processing time and cost, as well as the obtaining of functional sequences. The highest average values of DNA concentration were obtained using the saline procedure and the commercial kit. Pure DNA was only obtained using the saline protocol, evaluated by the ratio of 260/280. The saline and phenol-chloroform protocols were the least expensive methods. The commercial kit costs are counterbalanced by the short time required. The procedure based on phenol-chloroform presented the worst results regarding DNA yield and the time required to perform all steps. The saline and commercial kit protocols showed similar results concerning the amount and quality of extracted DNA. Therefore, the final choice should be based on the available financial resources and the available time for carrying out each procedure of DNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Lutz
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Josy Miranda
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paula Santana
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Charles Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Evolução, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Evangelista Gomes
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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5
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Kitch CJ, Tabb AM, Marquis GE, Hellberg RS. Species substitution and mislabeling of ceviche, poke, and sushi dishes sold in orange county, California. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Ozbay G, Babu BK, Peatman E, Kouhanastani ZM. Prescreening veterinary drug residues, heavy metal concentration, and genetic authentication in retail catfish fillets in the Northeast United States. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Roungchun JB, Tabb AM, Hellberg RS. Identification of tuna species in raw and processed products using DNA mini-barcoding of the mitochondrial control region. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Jiang X, Zhao Y, Tang C, Appelbaum M, Rao Q. Aquatic food animals in the United States: Status quo and challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1336-1382. [PMID: 35150203 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes (1) the U.S. status quo for aquatic food animal production and marketing; (2) major food safety and quality issues/concerns for aquatic food animals in the United States, including fish misbranding, finfish/shellfish allergies, pathogens, toxins and harmful residues, microplastics, and genetically engineered salmon; and (3) various U.S. regulations, guidances, and detection methods for the surveillance of fishery products. Overall, fish misbranding is the biggest challenge in the United States due to the relatively low inspection rate. In addition, due to the regulatory differences among countries, illegal animal drugs and/or pesticide residues might also be identified in imported aquatic food animals. Future regulatory and research directions could focus on further strengthening international cooperation, enhancing aquatic food animal inspection, and developing reliable, sensitive, and highly efficient detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Chunya Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Appelbaum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Qinchun Rao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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9
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Chang CH, Tsai ML, Huang TT, Wang YC. Authentication of fish species served in conveyor-belt sushi restaurants in Taiwan using DNA barcoding. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Fish intended for human consumption: from DNA barcoding to a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Peterson AM, McBride GE, Jhita SK, Hellberg RS. An investigation into country of origin labeling, species authentication and short weighting of commercially sold frozen fish fillets. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06713. [PMID: 33898833 PMCID: PMC8056429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper labeling of seafood is important to prevent economic deception and protect public health. The goal of this research was to investigate prepackaged frozen fish for Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance, species labeling, net weights/short weighting, and percent glaze. A total of 111 frozen prepackaged fish fillets were purchased from grocery stores in Southern California (USA). Samples were designated as COOL compliant if they displayed both procurement method and country of origin in accordance with COOL requirements. Species labeling was examined by comparing the species identified with DNA barcoding to the acceptable market names provided in the FDA Seafood List. Net weights and percent glaze were determined by recording the weight of each product before and after deglazing. Of the 111 samples, only 1 was noncompliant with COOL and 10 samples (9%) were short-weighted. The average percent glaze was 5%, with seven samples having >10% glaze. Most fish (95.5%) were correctly labeled with regards to species. Species substitution was discovered in two samples and three samples had unacceptable market names. The results of this study indicate high COOL compliance and minimal species mislabeling in prepackaged frozen fish fillets. However, there is a need for increased focus on short weighting and/or overglazing of frozen fish products.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Peterson
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Gabrielle E McBride
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Seeret K Jhita
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Rosalee S Hellberg
- Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
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12
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Isaacs RB, Hellberg RS. Authentication of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fillets using a combination of real-time PCR and DNA barcoding. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Barbosa AJ, Sampaio I, da Silva EM, Alcântara JVL, Santos S. Molecular authentication by DNA barcoding and multiplex PCR assay reveals mislabeling and commercial fraud of the Acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa), an economically important sciaenid marketed in Brazil. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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DNA-based techniques for seafood species authentication. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 95:207-255. [PMID: 33745513 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Global trade of seafood has increased in the last decade, leading to significant concerns associated with seafood fraud. Seafood fraud involves the intentional misrepresentation of fish or shellfish for the purpose of economic gain and includes acts such as species substitution, illegal transshipment, overtreatment/short weighting, and mislabeling country of origin or production method. These fraudulent acts have had economic, environmental, and public health consequences on a global level. DNA-based techniques for seafood authentication are utilized by regulatory agencies and can be employed as part of a food fraud risk mitigation plan. This chapter will focus specifically on the use of DNA-based methods for the detection of seafood species substitution. Various methods have been developed for DNA-based species identification of seafood, including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), species-specific PCR, real-time PCR, Sanger sequencing, microarrays, and high-resolution melting (HRM). Emerging techniques for seafood authentication include droplet digital PCR, isothermal amplification, PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and high-throughput or next-generation sequencing. Some of these DNA-based methods target specific species, such as real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR, while other methods allow for simultaneous differentiation of a wide range of fish species, including Sanger sequencing and high-throughput sequencing. This chapter will begin with an introduction on seafood fraud and species substitution, followed by an analysis of the main DNA-based authentication methods and emerging techniques for species identification.
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