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Kiskinis K, Mantzios T, Economou V, Petridou E, Tsitsos A, Patsias A, Apostolou I, Papadopoulos GA, Giannenas I, Fortomaris P, Tsiouris V. The In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Phytogenic and Acid-Based Eubiotics against Major Foodborne Zoonotic Poultry Pathogens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1611. [PMID: 38891658 PMCID: PMC11171102 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 8 commercial drinking water additives against major zoonotic poultry pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria spp.). We tested two essential oil-based phytogenics (Phyto CSC Liquide B, AEN 350 B Liquid), two acid-based eubiotics (Salgard® liquid, Intesti-Flora), and four blends of essential oils and organic acids (ProPhorceTM SA Exclusive, Herbal acid, Rigosol-N and Eubisan 3000). The antibacterial activity was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution method. The MICs of the products against Campylobacter spp. ranged from 0.071% to 0.568% v/v, in which Herbal acid, a blend rich in lactic and phosphoric acids, also containing thyme and oregano oils, exhibited the highest efficacy (MIC: 0.071% v/v) against all the tested strains. The MICs of the tested products against Escherichia coli ranged between 0.071% and 1.894% v/v. Specifically, the MIC of Rigosol-N, a blend of high concentrations of lactic and acetic acid, was 0.142% v/v for both tested strains, whereas the MICs of Intesti-Flora, a mixture rich in lactic and propionic acid, ranged from 0.284% to 0.568% v/v. The MICs of the products against Salmonella Typhimurium were between 0.095% and 1.894% v/v. Specifically, the MIC of Eubisan 3000, a blend rich in oregano oil, was 0.284% v/v. The MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were between 0.142% and 9.090% v/v. The MICs of Phyto CSC Liquide B, which is rich in trans-cinnamaldehyde, were between 3.030% and 9.090% v/v, showing the highest MIC values of all tested products. Finally, the MIC values of the tested commercial products against Listeria spp. were 0.095% to 3.030% v/v. The MICs of ProPhorceTM SA Exclusive, a highly concentrated blend of formic acid and its salts, were 0.095-0.142% v/v against Listeria spp., while the MICs of AEN 350 B Liquid were between 0.284% and 1.894% exhibiting high Listeria spp. strain variability. In conclusion, all the selected commercial products exhibited more or less antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and, thus, can be promising alternatives to antibiotics for the control of zoonotic poultry pathogens and the restriction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kiskinis
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Food Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anestis Tsitsos
- Laboratory of Food Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Apostolos Patsias
- Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Apostolou
- National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Campylobacter, Veterinary Laboratory of Ioannina, 45221 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Georgios A. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.A.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
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Silva A, Silva V, Gomes JP, Coelho A, Batista R, Saraiva C, Esteves A, Martins Â, Contente D, Diaz-Formoso L, Cintas LM, Igrejas G, Borges V, Poeta P. Listeria monocytogenes from Food Products and Food Associated Environments: Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Clustering and Biofilm Insights. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38786175 PMCID: PMC11118052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen, exhibits high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and is common in the food industry, especially in ready-to-eat foods. L. monocytogenes strains pose food safety challenges due to their ability to form biofilms, increased resistance to disinfectants, and long-term persistence in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes in food and related environmental products collected from 2014 to 2022 and assess antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation abilities. L. monocytogenes was identified in 13 out of the 227 (6%) of samples, 7 from food products (meat preparation, cheeses, and raw milk) and 6 from food-processing environments (slaughterhouse-floor and catering establishments). All isolates exhibited high biofilm-forming capacity and antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to several classes of antibiotics, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. Genotyping and core-genome clustering identified eight sequence types and a cluster of three very closely related ST3 isolates (all from food), suggesting a common contamination source. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed resistance genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin (fosX), lincosamides (lin), fluoroquinolones (norB), and tetracycline (tetM). In addition, the qacJ gene was also detected, conferring resistance to disinfecting agents and antiseptics. Virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of 92 associated genes associated with pathogenicity, adherence, and persistence. These findings underscore the presence of L. monocytogenes strains in food products and food-associated environments, demonstrating a high virulence of these strains associated with resistance genes to antibiotics, but also to disinfectants and antiseptics. Moreover, they emphasize the need for continuous surveillance, effective risk assessment, and rigorous control measures to minimize the public health risks associated to severe infections, particularly listeriosis outbreaks. A better understanding of the complex dynamics of pathogens in food products and their associated environments can help improve overall food safety and develop more effective strategies to prevent severe health consequences and economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Batista
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ângela Martins
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Lara Diaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.M.C.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Wang W, Liu JS, Zhou JW, Jia AQ. Synergistic effect of kanamycin and amikacin with setomimycin on biofilm formation inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106447. [PMID: 37972742 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis with high fatality rate, exhibits multidrug resistance (MDR) known to be progressively increasing. Alternative antibacterial strategies are in high demand for treating this well-known pathogen. Anti-biofilm and anti-virulence strategies are being explored as novel approaches to treat bacterial infections. In this study, one rare antibacterial named setomimycin was isolated from Streptomyces cyaneochromogenes, which showed potent antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes. Next, the inhibition of biofilm formation and listeriolysin O (LLO) production against L. monocytogenes were investigated at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of setomimycin alone or combined with kanamycin and amikacin. Crystal violet staining confirmed that setomimycin combining with kanamycin or amikacin could dramatically reduce biofilm formation against L. monocytogenes at sub-MICs, which was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In the meantime, sub-MICs of setomimycin could significantly suppress the secretion of LLO. Furthermore, the transcription of genes associated with biofilms and main virulence factors, such as LLO, flagellum, and metalloprotease, were suppressed by setomimycin at sub-MICs. Hence, the study provided a deep insight into setomimycin as an alternative antibacterial agent against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
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Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Sekar JN, Murugesan R, Dhandapani K. Listeria monocytogenes an Emerging Pathogen: a Comprehensive Overview on Listeriosis, Virulence Determinants, Detection, and Anti-Listerial Interventions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2231-2251. [PMID: 37479828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Jothi Nayaki Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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Ndraha N, Lin HY, Tsai SK, Hsiao HI, Lin HJ. The Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus via Polymerase Chain Reaction Combined with Magnetic Beads and Capillary Electrophoresis. Foods 2023; 12:3895. [PMID: 37959014 PMCID: PMC10649415 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety concerns regarding foodborne pathogen contamination have gained global attention due to its significant implications. In this study, we developed a detection system utilizing a PCR array combined with an automated magnetic bead-based system and CE technology to enable the detection of three foodborne pathogens, namely Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that our developed method could detect these pathogens at concentrations as low as 7.3 × 101, 6.7 × 102, and 6.9 × 102 cfu/mL, respectively, in the broth samples. In chicken samples, the limit of detection for these pathogens was 3.1 × 104, 3.5 × 103, and 3.9 × 102 cfu/g, respectively. The detection of these pathogens was accomplished without the necessity for sample enrichment, and the entire protocols, from sample preparation to amplicon analysis, were completed in approximately 3.5 h. Regarding the impact of the extraction method on detection capability, our study observed that an automated DNA extraction system based on the magnetic bead method demonstrated a 10-fold improvement or, at the very least, yielded similar results compared to the column-based method. These findings demonstrated that our developed model is effective in detecting low levels of these pathogens in the samples analyzed in this study. The PCR-CE method developed in this study may help monitor food safety in the future. It may also be extended to identify other foodborne pathogens across a wide range of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan; (N.N.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan; (N.N.); (H.-Y.L.)
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan; (N.N.); (H.-Y.L.)
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Maung AT, Abdelaziz MNS, Mohammadi TN, Zhao J, Ei-Telbany M, Nakayama M, Matsusita K, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Comparison of prevalence, characterization, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in recent 5 years in Japan. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106333. [PMID: 37673352 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence potential, and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in 2022 in Japan and compared their profiles with those of isolates in 2012 and 2017. A total of 85 chicken samples were randomly collected from different supermarkets in Fukuoka in 2022. L. monocytogenes were isolated by conventional method and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS. Among 85 samples tested in 2022, 9 (10.6%) were positive for L. monocytogenes and 17 strains were isolated from the positive samples. The isolates were serotyped as 1/2b (41.2%), 3a (29.4%), 3b (23.5%) and 1/2a (5.9%). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the 2022 isolates showed susceptibility to majority of the antibiotics, except cefoxitin, oxacillin, and fosfomycin. Compared to the previous surveillance results, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in 2022 (10.6%) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the isolates in 2017 (24%) and 2012 (52.9%). The distribution of serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b decreased over time, and serotype 4b was not detected in the 2022 isolates. The proportion of multidrug resistant strains in 2022 (16.7%) was significantly lower than those in 2012 (46.7%) and 2017 (82.6%). Moreover, a total of 36 isolates (12 isolates/ year) were used to detect the virulence genes (hlyA, plcA, clpC, and inlA) and biofilm-forming capacity. Most of the isolates from different years harboured four virulence genes. The biofilm formation of the 2022 isolates was significantly weaker (p < 0.05) than those of the 2012 and 2017 isolates. Thus, despite the low rates of contamination in chicken meat and AMR of the isolates, virulent L. monocytogenes contamination in food should still be acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Mohamed Ei-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motokazu Nakayama
- Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1, Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsusita
- Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1, Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Panera-Martínez S, Capita R, García-Fernández C, Alonso-Calleja C. Viability and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2232. [PMID: 37764076 PMCID: PMC10538215 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in 30 samples of poultry was determined using culture-dependent (isolation on OCLA and confirmation by conventional polymerase chain reaction -PCR-, OCLA&PCR) and culture-independent (real-time polymerase chain reaction, q-PCR) methods. L. monocytogenes was detected in 15 samples (50.0%) by OCLA&PCR and in 20 (66.7%) by q-PCR. The concentrations (log10 cfu/g) of L. monocytogenes (q-PCR) ranged from 2.40 to 5.22 (total cells) and from <2.15 to 3.93 (viable cells). The two methods, q-PCR using a viability marker (v-PCR) and OCLA&PCR (gold standard), were compared for their capacity to detect viable cells of L. monocytogenes, with the potential to cause human disease. The values for sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the v-PCR were 100%, 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. The agreement between the two methods (kappa coefficient) was 0.67. The presence of nine virulence genes (hlyA, actA, inlB, inlA, inlC, inlJ, prfA, plcA and iap) was studied in 45 L. monocytogenes isolates (three from each positive sample) using PCR. All the strains harbored between six and nine virulence genes. Fifteen isolates (33.3% of the total) did not show the potential to form biofilm on a polystyrene surface, as determined by a crystal violet assay. The remaining strains were classified as weak (23 isolates, 51.1% of the total), moderate (one isolate, 2.2%) or strong (six isolates, 13.3%) biofilm producers. The strains were tested for susceptibility to a panel of 15 antibiotics. An average of 5.11 ± 1.30 resistances per isolate was observed. When the values for resistance and for reduced susceptibility were taken jointly, this figure rose to 6.91 ± 1.59. There was a prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility of more than 50.0% for oxacillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefepime ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. For the remaining antibiotics tested, the corresponding values ranged from 0.0% for chloramphenicol to 48.9% for rifampicin. The high prevalence and level of L. monocytogenes with numerous virulence factors in poultry underline how crucial it is to follow correct hygiene procedures during the processing of this foodstuff in order to reduce the risk of human listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Panera-Martínez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Marques PH, Jaiswal AK, de Almeida FA, Pinto UM, Ferreira-Machado AB, Tiwari S, Soares SDC, Paiva AD. Lactic acid bacteria secreted proteins as potential Listeria monocytogenes quorum sensing inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10722-7. [PMID: 37658910 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important human and animal pathogen able to cause an infection named listeriosis and is mainly transmitted through contaminated food. Among its virulence traits, the ability to form biofilms and to survive in harsh environments stand out and lead to the persistence of L. monocytogenes for long periods in food processing environments. Virulence and biofilm formation are phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing (QS) and, therefore, the control of L. monocytogenes through an anti-QS strategy is promising. This study aimed to identify, by in silico approaches, proteins secreted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) potentially able to interfere with the agr QS system of L. monocytogenes. The genome mining of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM revealed 151 predicted secreted proteins. Concomitantly, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of AgrB and AgrC proteins of L. monocytogenes were modeled and validated, and their active sites were predicted. Through protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic, Serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase and L,D-transpeptidase, potentially secreted by L. rhamnosus GG and L. acidophilus NCFM, respectively, were identified with high affinity to AgrB and AgrC proteins, respectively. By inhibiting the translocation of the cyclic autoinducer peptide (cyclic AIP) via AgrB, and its recognition in the active site of AgrC, these LAB proteins could disrupt L. monocytogenes communication by impairing the agr QS system. The application of the QS inhibitors predicted in this study can emerge as a promising strategy in controlling L. monocytogenes in food processing environment and as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy for the treatment of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Marques
- Interunit Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Interunit Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes (ILCT), Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Dias Paiva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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9
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Lachtara B, Wieczorek K, Osek J. Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes serogroups IIa and IVb from food and food-production environments in Poland. J Vet Res 2023; 67:373-379. [PMID: 37786847 PMCID: PMC10541657 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis, which is a disease with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. The bacteria are usually susceptible to most antibacterial substances, but resistance to some of them has been recently observed. The present study introduces the evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and food-production environments in Poland. Material and Methods A total of 283 L. monocytogenes isolates classified into serogroups IIa and IVb which had been recovered from food and food production environments were tested with 17 antimicrobials. These included those that are recommended for treatment of severe listeriosis cases in humans. A multiplex PCR was used to identify serogroups, and a microbroth dilution method was applied for the determination of antibiotic resistance among the isolates tested. Results Only 34 (12.0%) strains were susceptible to all the antimicrobials used in the study. The remaining 249 (88.0%) strains displayed different instances of resistance to the antimicrobials tested, from insusceptibility to one (112 strains; 39.6%) to resistance to four antibacterial substances (6 strains; 2.1%). Among them, there were 38 strains (13.4%) with multiresistance patterns. Conclusion Polish food and its processing environments may be a potential source of antimicrobial-resistant L. monocytogenes, which may pose a potential health risk to consumers in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lachtara
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
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10
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Rodríguez-Melcón C, Esteves A, Carballo J, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Effect of Sodium Nitrite, Nisin and Lactic Acid on the Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes Naturally Present in Poultry. Foods 2023; 12:3273. [PMID: 37685205 PMCID: PMC10486771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of treating minced chicken meat with sodium nitrite (SN, 100 ppm), nisin (Ni, 10 ppm) and lactic acid (LA, 3000 ppm) on the levels of some microbial groups indicating hygiene quality were investigated. Specifically, aerobic plate counts and culture-based counts of psychrotrophic microorganisms and enterobacteria were obtained. Additionally, the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and the resistance of 245 isolates from this bacterium to 15 antibiotics were documented. L. monocytogenes was isolated using the ISO 11290-1:2017 method and confirmed with polymerase chain reaction using the lmo1030 gene. Antibiotic resistance was established using the disc diffusion technique (EUCAST and CLSI criteria). Twenty-four hours after treatment, the microbial load (log10 cfu/g) was reduced (p < 0.05) relative to controls in those samples treated with LA, with counts of 5.51 ± 1.05 (LA-treated samples) vs. 7.53 ± 1.02 (control) for APC, 5.59 ± 1.14 (LA) vs. 7.13 ± 1.07 (control) for psychrotrophic microorganisms and 2.33 ± 0.51 (LA) vs. 4.23 ± 0.88 (control) for enterobacteria. L. monocytogenes was detected in 70% (control samples), 60% (samples receiving SN), 65% (Ni) and 50% (LA) (p > 0.05) of samples. All strains showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials (between 3 and 12). In all, 225 isolates (91.8%) showed a multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype, and one isolate (0.4%) showed an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype. The mean number of resistances per strain was lower (p < 0.01) in the control samples, at 5.77 ± 1.22, than in those receiving treatment, at 6.39 ± 1.51. It is suggested that the use of food additives might increase the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in L. monocytogenes, although additional studies would be necessary to verify this finding by analyzing a higher number of samples and different foodstuffs and by increasing the number of antimicrobial compounds and concentrations to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Javier Carballo
- Area of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
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11
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Werkneh AA, Islam MA. Post-treatment disinfection technologies for sustainable removal of antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance bacteria from hospital wastewater. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15360. [PMID: 37123966 PMCID: PMC10130869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified antimicrobial resistance bacteria and its spread as one of the most serious threats to public health and the environment in the twenty-first century. Different treatment scenarios are found in several countries, each with their own regulations and selection criteria for the effluent quality and management practices of hospital wastewater. To prevent the spread of disease outbreaks and other environmental threats, the development of sustainable treatment techniques that remove all antibiotics and antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes should be required. Although few research based articles published focusing this issues, explaining the drawbacks and effectiveness of post-treatment disinfection strategies for eliminating antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance from hospital wastewater is the reason of this review. The application of conventional activated sludge (CAS) in large scale hospital wastewater treatments poses high energy supply needs for aeration, capital and operational costs. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have also progressively replaced the CAS treatment systems and achieved better treatment potential, but membrane fouling, energy cost for aeration, and membrane permeability loss restrict their performance at large scale operations. In addition, the membrane process alone doesn't completely remove/degrade these micropollutants; as a substitute, the pollutants are being concentrated in a smaller volume, which requires further post-treatment. Therefore, these drawbacks should be solved by developing advanced techniques to be integrated into any of these or other secondary wastewater treatment systems, aiming for the effective removal of these micropollutants. The purpose of this paper is to review the performances of post-treatment disinfection technologies in the removal of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistant bacteria and their gens from hospital wastewater. The performance of advanced disinfection technologies (such as granular and powered activated carbon adsorption, ozonation, UV, disinfections, phytoremediation), and other integrated post-treatment techniques are primarily reviewed. Besides, the ecotoxicology and public health risks of hospital wastewater, and the development, spreading and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistant and the protection of one health are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author. ;
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
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13
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Soni A, Bremer P, Brightwell G. A Comprehensive Review of Variability in the Thermal Resistance (D-Values) of Food-Borne Pathogens-A Challenge for Thermal Validation Trials. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244117. [PMID: 36553859 PMCID: PMC9777713 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal processing of food relies heavily on determining the right time and temperature regime required to inactivate bacterial contaminants to an acceptable limit. To design a thermal processing regime with an accurate time and temperature combination, the D-values of targeted microorganisms are either referred to or estimated. The D-value is the time required at a given temperature to reduce the bacterial population by 90%. The D-value can vary depending on various factors such as the food matrix, the bacterial strain, and the conditions it has previously been exposed to; the intrinsic properties of the food (moisture, water activity, fat content, and pH); the method used to expose the microorganism to the thermal treatment either at the laboratory or commercial scale; the approach used to estimate the number of survivors; and the statistical model used for the analysis of the data. This review focused on Bacillus cereus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Clostridium perfringens owing to their pathogenicity and the availability of publications on their thermal resistance. The literature indicates a significant variation in D-values reported for the same strain, and it is concluded that when designing thermal processing regimes, the impact of multiple factors on the D-values of a specific microorganism needs to be considered. Further, owing to the complexity of the interactions involved, the effectiveness of regimes derived laboratory data must be confirmed within industrial food processing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6350-0819
| | - Phil Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North 4414, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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14
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Rodríguez-Melcón C, Esteves A, Panera-Martínez S, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C. Quantification of Total and Viable Cells and Determination of Serogroups and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in Chicken Meat from the North-Western Iberian Peninsula. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121828. [PMID: 36551484 PMCID: PMC9774191 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty samples of minced chicken meat procured from butcher’s shops in León (Spain; 10 samples) and Vila Real (Portugal; 10 samples) were analyzed. Microbial concentrations (log10 cfu/g) of 7.53 ± 1.02 (viable aerobic microbiota), 7.13 ± 1.07 (psychrotrophic microorganisms), and 4.23 ± 0.88 (enterobacteria) were found. The detection method described in the UNE-EN ISO 11290-1 standard (based on isolation from the chromogenic medium OCLA) with confirmation by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR; lmo1030) (OCLA−PCR), revealed Listeria monocytogenes in 14 samples (70.0% of the total), nine of Spanish origin and five of Portuguese (p > 0.05). The levels of viable and inactivated L. monocytogenes in the samples were determined with a q-PCR using propidium monoazide (PMAxx) as a viability marker. Seven samples tested positive both with the OCLA−PCR and with the q-PCR, with estimated concentrations of viable cells varying between 2.15 log10 cfu/g (detection limit) and 2.94 log10 cfu/g. Three samples tested negative both with the OCLA−PCR and with the q-PCR. Seven samples were positive with the OCLA−PCR, but negative with the q-PCR, and three samples tested negative with the OCLA−PCR and positive with the q-PCR. The percentage of viable cells relative to the total ranged between 2.4% and 86.0%. Seventy isolates of L. monocytogenes (five from each positive sample) were classified in PCR serogroups with a multiplex PCR assay. L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serogroups IIa (52 isolates; 74.3%), IIc (7; 10.0%), IVa (2; 2.9%), and IVb (9; 12.9%). The susceptibility of the 70 isolates to 15 antibiotics of clinical interest was tested. The strains presented resistance to between three and eight antibiotics. The average number of resistances was greater (p < 0.001) among strains isolated from Spanish samples (6.20 ± 1.08), than in those from Portugal (5.00 ± 1.08). In both groups of strains, a prevalence of resistance higher than 95% was observed for oxacillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and cefepime. The need to handle minced chicken meat correctly, taking care to cook it sufficiently and to avoid cross-contamination, so as to reduce the danger of listeriosis, is emphasized. A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods offers complementary routes for the detection in food of the cells of L. monocytogenes in various different physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sarah Panera-Martínez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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An Exploration of Listeria monocytogenes, Its Influence on the UK Food Industry and Future Public Health Strategies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101456. [PMID: 35627026 PMCID: PMC9141670 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause listeriosis, an invasive disease affecting pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Principally foodborne, the pathogen is transmitted typically through contaminated foods. As a result, food manufacturers exert considerable efforts to eliminate L. monocytogenes from foodstuffs and the environment through food processing and disinfection. However, L. monocytogenes demonstrates a range of environmental stress tolerances, resulting in persistent colonies that act as reservoirs for the reintroduction of L. monocytogenes to food contact surfaces and food. Novel technologies for the rapid detection of L. monocytogenes and disinfection of food manufacturing industries have been developed to overcome these obstacles to minimise the risk of outbreaks and sporadic cases of listeriosis. This review is aimed at exploring L. monocytogenes in the UK, providing a summary of outbreaks, current routine microbiological testing and the increasing awareness of biocide tolerances. Recommendations for future research in the UK are made, pertaining to expanding the understanding of L. monocytogenes dissemination in the UK food industry and the continuation of novel technological developments for disinfection of food and the food manufacturing environment.
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