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Li Y, Ren M, Yan H, Luo L, Fang X, He L, Kang W, Wu M, Liu H. Purification, structural characterization, and immunomodulatory activity of two polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130508. [PMID: 38428780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In present study, two water-soluble polysaccharides designated as POL-1 and POL-2 were purified from purslane and their structural characteristics as well as immunomodulatory activity were investigated. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of POL-1 and POL-2 were determined to be 64,100 Da and 21,000 Da, respectively. Comprehensive techniques including UV, IR, GC-MS, and NMR were applied to deduced that POL-1 was a pectin polysaccharide homogalacturonan (HG) consisting of →4)-α-GalpA-(1→ with methyl ester degree of 9.71 % and acetylation degree of 0.34 %, while POL-2 was composed of a 1, 4-linked β-Galp backbone substituted by short side chain →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-Glcp-(1→. The →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ was attached at the O-6 position of →4)-β-Galp-(1→. TEM further revealed that POL-1 was non-branched single chains, while POL-2 was entangled microstructure with side chains. Moreover, POL-2 significantly promoted macrophage phagocytosis as well as the secretion of NO and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) through activating NF-κB signaling pathway, thus demonstrating potential immunomodulatory activity. These findings suggested that purslane may be exploited as a potential adjuvant and dietary supplement with immunostimulatory purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengjie Ren
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li He
- Skin Health Research Center, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650000, China; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650106, China.
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Liu R, Yan Z, Chu FX, Chen HQ. Comparative study on chain conformations, physicochemical and rheological properties of three acidic polysaccharides from Opuntia dillenii Haw. fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130027. [PMID: 38340941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, three acidic polysaccharides (OFPP-1, OFPP-2 and OFPP-3) were isolated from the pulps of Opuntia dillenii Haw. fruits, and their chain conformations, physicochemical and rheological properties were investigated. The molecular weight and conformational parameters (Mw, Mn, Mz, Rg and Rh) of OFPPs in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution were detected by HPSEC-MALLS-RI. In addition, based on the parameters ρ and v, it was concluded that these three polysaccharide chains exhibited sphere-like conformation in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution, which was consistent with AFM and TEM observations. Furthermore, the Congo Red experiment showed that OFPP-2 had a triple-helix structure, which may be conducive to its biological activity. This study also found that OFPPs were semi-crystalline structures with high thermal and pH stability. The rheological analyses indicated that the apparent viscosity of OFPPs solutions exhibited concentration-, temperature-, and pH-dependence, and the viscoelasticity of them was affected by molecular characteristics and concentration. The results of this study are helpful to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of OFPPs. Moreover, this study can provide theoretical reference for the application of OFPPs as bioactive ingredients or functional materials in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and the development and utilization of the O. dillenii Haw. fruits resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zheng Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Fang-Xin Chu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Han-Qing Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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Bastos R, Marín-Montesinos I, Ferreira SS, Mentink-Vigier F, Sardo M, Mafra L, Coimbra MA, Coelho E. Covalent connectivity of glycogen in brewer's spent yeast cell walls revealed by enzymatic approaches and dynamic nuclear polarization NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121475. [PMID: 37985041 PMCID: PMC10695155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Yeast cell walls undergo modifications during the brewing process, leading to a remodelling of their architecture. One significant change is the increased insolubility of the cell wall glycogen pool, likely due to the formation of covalent bonds between glycogen and cell wall polysaccharides. To verify this hypothesis, we extracted the brewer's spent yeast with 4 M KOH, obtaining an insoluble glucan fraction (AE.4 M) primarily composed of (α1 → 4)- and (1 → 3)-linked Glc residues. Dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR of AE.4 M revealed distinct glucan resonances that helped to differentiate between α- and β glucosyl (1 → 4)-linked residues, and confirm covalent linkages between (β1 → 3)-glucans and glycogen through a (β1 → 4)-linkage. The hydrolysis with different endo-glucanases (zymolyase, cellulase, and lichenase) was used to obtain solubilized high molecular weight glycogen fractions. NMR analysis showed that covalent links between glycogen and (β1 → 6)-glucans through (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage, with branching at the C6 position involving (β1 → 3), and (β1 → 6)-glucans. HPAEC-PAD analysis of the enzymatically released oligosaccharides confirmed covalent linkages of (β1 → 3), (β1 → 6)-, and (β1 → 4)-glucan motifs with (α1 → 4)-glucans. This combination of multiple enzymatic approaches and NMR methods shed light into the role of yeast cell wall glycogen as a structural core covalently linked to other cell wall components during the brewing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ildefonso Marín-Montesinos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia S Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32310, FL, United States.
| | - Mariana Sardo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Mafra
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Coelho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Pérez-Bassart Z, Bäuerl C, Fabra MJ, Martínez-Abad A, Collado MC, López-Rubio A. Composition, structural properties and immunomodulatory activity of several aqueous Pleurotus β-glucan-rich extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127255. [PMID: 37827398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, aqueous extracts from six different Pleurotus species were obtained and their yield, gross composition, β-glucan content, monosaccharide profile, thermal stability, molecular weight distribution, and FT-IR were analyzed before and after purification through ethanol precipitation of the carbohydrate-rich fractions. The bioactivity (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity) of the various fractions obtained was also analyzed in three different cell cultures and compared with a lentinan control. The trend observed after purification of the aqueous fractions was an increase in the concentration of polysaccharides (especially β-glucans), a decrease in ash, glucosamine and protein content and the elimination of low molecular weight (Mw) compounds, thus leaving in the purified samples high Mw populations with increased thermal stability. Interestingly, all these purified fractions displayed immunomodulatory capacity when tested in THP-1 macrophages and most of them also showed significant activity in HEK-hTLR4 cells, highlighting the bioactivity observed for Pleurotus ostreatus (both the extracts obtained from the whole mushroom and from the stipes). This specific species was richer in heteropolysaccharides, having moderate β-glucan content and being enriched upon purification in a high Mw fraction with good thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Pérez-Bassart
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Fabra
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Cancer immunotherapeutic effect of carboxymethylated β-d-glucan coupled with iron oxide nanoparticles via reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:692-705. [PMID: 36566807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cancer immunotherapeutic effect of a carboxymethylated β-d-glucan (CMPTR)/iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) system (CMPTR/IONPs) were investigated by using cell culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and B16F10 melanoma skin cancer-bearing mouse model. When compared with that of control group, CMPTR/IONPs-treated M2-like BMDMs exhibited upregulated M1 biomarkers expression, significantly inhibited the migration of B16F10 cancer cells (p < 0.05), and had the highest apoptotic percentage of B16F10 cancer cells (80.39 ± 8.73 %) in co-culture system. Intratumoral administration of CMPTR/IONPs significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed tumor growth (46.58 % based on tumor weight) in mice and enhanced the M1/M2 ratio from 0.40 ± 0.09 (control group) to 6.64 ± 1.61 in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) which was higher than that of in CMPTR (1.27 ± 0.38), IONPs (1.38 ± 0.17). CMPTR/IONPs treatment also promoted apoptosis in cancer cells and increased the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in tumor tissues. These results could be due to the combined effects of CMPTR and IONPs in the CMPTR/IONPs system, possibly mediated by the activation of NF-κB and IRF5 pathways for inducing M1 macrophages polarization and had potential cancer immunotherapeutic applications.
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Su Y, Yang F, Chen L, Cheung PCK. Mushroom Carboxymethylated β-d-Glucan Functions as a Macrophage-Targeting Carrier for Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and an Inducer of Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization for Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7110-7121. [PMID: 35652418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
β-d-glucans have the potential of serving as both macrophage-targeted carriers and immune stimulators via inducing trained immunity in macrophages. In this study, a carboxymethylated β-glucan from mushroom sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium (CMPTR) was combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to form nanocomplexes (CMPTR/IONPs) with particle size around 193 ± 7 nm, which could exert a concerted effect on inducing proinflammatory M1 phenotype macrophages for immunotherapy. This nanocomplex exhibited good stability and low cytotoxicity (over 80% cellular viability of RAW 264.7 and THP-1) and higher cellular uptake by murine macrophages compared with B16F10 cells (p < 0.05). CMPTR/IONPs could convert M2-like bone marrow-derived macrophages into M1 phenotypes with upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL12 and TNF-α, p < 0.05) and reduced immune-suppressive cytokines (IL10 and TGF-β, p < 0.05). Such polarization was mediated by the combined signaling regulatory factors, including IONP-stimulated IRF5 and CMPTR-triggered TLRs-NF-κB pathways (p < 0.05). Accordingly, CMPTR could have a dual function as a macrophage-targeting carrier for IONPs and an immunostimulant to induce inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Su
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Tang L, Sun Y, Ge P, Chen L, Cheung PCK, Ding Z, Fang J. Biogenetic nanocarriers with enhanced pH stability formed by zein and selectively depolymerized mushroom hyperbranched β-glucans. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1771-1783. [PMID: 35472365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polysaccharide from Pleurotus tuber-regium (PTR-HBPS) is a β-glucan with high degree of branching (DB, 0.69) and a molecular weight (Mw) of 31.2 × 105 g/mol with mixed β-1, 4/β-1, 4, 6/β-1, 6 glucosidic linkages. PTR-HBPS was depolymerized by cellulase and β-glucosidase under optimized conditions to form PC (PTR-HBPS depolymerized by cellulase) and PG (PTR-HBPS depolymerized by β-glucosidase) fractions with a minimum Mw of 2.74 × 105 and 3.98 × 105 g/mol, respectively. PC fractions had no significant changes for its primary structure in terms of glycosidic linkages, DB, and triple helical structure, while the DB of PG fractions was reduced to 0.63 with the loss of triple helical structure. Nanoparticles fabricated by PC fractions with zein showed better stability under different pH conditions. Enzymatic depolymerized low Mw β-glucan derived from PTR-HBPS with similar structural characteristics as the native one has potential as nanocarriers for food bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peipei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinshan Fang
- Jiangxi Province Fuzhou city Jinshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 344103, China
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Stimulating mechanism of corn oil on biomass and polysaccharide production of Pleurotus tuber-regium mycelium. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:93-103. [PMID: 34973980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs) are the main components in cell wall and exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Pleurotus tuber-regium. To enhance the yield of these macromolecules, corn oil at 4% addition exhibited the best effect for production of mycelial biomass at 20.49 g/L and EPS at 0.59 g/L, which was 2.56 folds and 1.90 folds of the control, respectively. The treated hyphae were much thicker with smooth surface, while its cell wall content (43.81 ± 0.02%) was 1.96 times of the control (22.34 ± 0.01%). Moreover, a large number of lipid droplets could be visualized under the view of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RNA-seq analysis revealed that corn oil could enter the cells and result in the up-regulation of genes on cell morphology and membrane permeability, as well as the down-regulation on expression level of polysaccharide hydrolase and genes involved in the MAPK pathway, all of which probably contribute to the increase of polysaccharides production.
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Wang ZQ, Zhu CX, Dai AR, Chen L, You CP, Zhang BB. Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Song X, Sun W, Cui W, Jia L, Zhang J. A polysaccharide of PFP-1 from Pleurotus geesteranus attenuates alcoholic liver diseases via Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:4591-4605. [PMID: 33908547 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide named PFP-1 was isolated from the Pleurotus geesteranus fruiting body, and potential investigations on ameliorating oxidative stress and liver injury against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were performed in mice. The animal studies demonstrated that PFP-1 had hepatoprotective effects by improving hepatocellular histopathology, modulating alcohol metabolisms and restoring the serum lipid levels. Besides, PFP-1 could attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by activating the Nrf2-mediated signal pathways and regulating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signal pathways. The characterization indicated that PFP-1 was a typical pyranose-polysaccharide in a triple-helical conformation, which was linked by t-β-Glcp, 1,6-α-Glcp and 1,2,6-α-Galp. And the characteristic properties of higher water solubility and appropriate molecular weights contributed to the superior bioactivities. The results demonstrated that PFP-1 could be used as a supplement for alleviating alcohol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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Li C, Zhang X, Guo Y, Seidi F, Shi X, Xiao H. Naturally Occurring Exopolysaccharide Nanoparticles: Formation Process and Their Application in Glutathione Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19756-19767. [PMID: 33881827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring nanoscale exopolysaccharide (EPS) has attracted much attention in recent years. In this research, we obtained a new kind of naturally occurring spherical EPS nanoparticles (EPS-R503) from Lactobacillus plantarum R503. The secretion, self-assembly process, morphological structure, and surface characteristics of the as-prepared nanoparticles were comprehensively revealed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) for the first time. It was found that the EPS-R503 nanoparticles consist of negatively charged heteropolysaccharide composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and glucuronide with several functional groups including -OH, -COOH, and -NH2. When different solvents were used to treat the EPS-R503 nanoparticles, the morphological structure and surface properties could be changed or manipulated. The forming mechanism of EPS-R503 was elucidated based on the aggregation processes from a fundamental point of view. Furthermore, EPS-R503 can serve as reducing and stabilizing agents for the biosynthesis of manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO2 NSs), leading to EPS-MnO2 nanocomposite. The as-prepared nanocomposites can absorb fluorescein (FL) to form EPS-MnO2-FL, which can be used to detect glutathione (GSH) with a low limit of detection (0.16 μM) and a wide detection range from 0.05 to 4 mM. The excellent biocompatibility of EPS-MnO2-FL endows the feasibility of in vivo detection of GSH as well. Overall, the findings from this work not only benefit the exploitation of naturally occurring EPS nanomaterials but also provide a novel strategy for the green synthesis of metal-containing nanosheets for GSH detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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Study on a novel spherical polysaccharide from Fructus Mori with good antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Su Y, Chen L, Yang F, Cheung PCK. Beta-d-glucan-based drug delivery system and its potential application in targeting tumor associated macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117258. [PMID: 33278940 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Use of polysaccharides as carriers in drug delivery system is a hot topic, especially those with specific recognition of immune cells, enabling them to be applied in targeting delivery system. β-d-glucans are naturally occurring non-digestible polysaccharides with immunomodulatory activities that have attracted increasing attention to serve as therapeutic agents or immune-adjuvants. Being able to be specifically recognized by immune cells like macrophages, β-d-glucans can be developed as promising carriers for targeting delivery with stability, biocompatibility and specificity when applied in immunotherapy. Targeting tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) is an emerging strategy for cancer immunotherapy since it exerts anti-cancer effects based on modulating body immunity in tumor microenvironment (TME). This new strategy does not require high concentration of drugs to kill cancer cells directly and lessen tumor recurrence by creating unique immune memory for malignant cells. In this review, construction strategies of polysaccharide-based drug delivery system of three types of β-d-glucan including non-yeast and yeast β-d-glucans as well as hyper-branched β-d-glucan are discussed with reference to their branching characteristics and conformation. The applications of these β-d-glucans as nano-carrier for drug delivery targeting TAMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Su
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Su Y, Li X, Lam KL, Cheung PCK. pH-sensitive PEG-coated hyper-branched β-d-glucan derivative as carrier for CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116621. [PMID: 32747260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
β-d-glucan is a natural non-digestible polysaccharide that can be selectively recognized by recognition receptors such as Dectin-1 receptors, resulting in an emerging interest on exploring its capacity for carrying biological information to desired organs or cells. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) has the potentiality to initiate an immune-stimulatory cascade via activating B cells inducing proinflammatory cytokines, which is conducive to immunotherapy and nucleic acid vaccine. Herein, we developed a pH-sensitive delivery system loading with CpG ODN by introducing poly-ethylenimine (PEI) to a hyperbranched β-d-glucan (HBB) and coating with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) shell via acidic liable Schiff bond. This delivery system exhibited a favorable biocompatibility and facilitated the cellular uptake of CpG ODN at pH 6.8 with the possibility of having higher accumulation in acidic cancer microenvironment. Furthermore, this carrier together with class B CpG ODN could enhance the secretion of cytokines including interleukin-6 and interferon-α as well as capable of interferon-α induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Su
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Ka Lung Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Yang L, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhu D, Wang S, Zhu L, Chen L, Xu X, Liu H. Chemical structure, chain conformation and rheological properties of pectic polysaccharides from soy hulls. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:41-48. [PMID: 31917981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We obtained a new acidic soy hull polysaccharide (SHP-1) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 4.81 × 105 g/mol through ammonium oxalate and microwave assisted extraction. SHP-1 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose (molar ratio = 46.59%:17.95%:14.77%:13.97%) with small amounts of fucose, glucose, mannose and xylose. The chemical structure was presumed to be of pectin-I type, consisting of 2/3 HGA and 1/3 RG-I. Furthermore, the rheological information and the chain morphology of SHP-1 were different in five solvents. Surfactant, salt and alkali solutions enhanced the solubility and flexibility of the polysaccharide, but the polysaccharide showed decreased fluidity under acidic conditions. The addition of ions and alkali increased the consistency coefficient of the solution, but the effect was far less than that of the cross-linking morphology. The structural and morphological information of purified SHP should aid in further study of its structure-function relationships and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yafan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jinghang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
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17
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Fractionation, structure and conformation characterization of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Li X, Cheung PCK. Application of naturalβ-glucans as biocompatible functional nanomaterials. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Ye J, Hua X, Zhao Q, Zhao W, Chu G, Zhang W, Yang R. Chain conformation and rheological properties of an acid-extracted polysaccharide from peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 228:115410. [PMID: 31635751 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (PPS) in peanut sediment of aqueous extraction process was obtained at pH4.0, purified via anion-exchange chromatography. The composition, chain conformation and rheological properties were investigated. PPS mainly consisted of arabinose, galacturonic acid, xylose, and rhamnose. The intrinsic viscosity [η] was 0.71 dL/g in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. The weight-average molar mass Mw and polydispersity index were 3.77 × 105 g/mol and 1.25, suggesting high homogeneity. The average radius of gyration (Rg), hydrodynamic radius (Rh), Rg/Rh ratio and conformation parameter v were 25.5, 18.2, 1.40 and 0.21, respectively, indicating compact coil chain conformation with branched structure. Molecular morphology revealed that PPS displayed chain shape comprised of spheres with a diameter range of 15-50 nm and apparent length of chains mainly ranged from 100 to 300 nm. The aggregation caused by molecular self-association enhanced with concentration increasing. Additionally, Newtonian behavior was observed at various concentrations. Increase in temperature effectively broke this behavior. 10.0 wt.% PPS possessed activation energy of 21.7 KJ/mol, was structured liquid and almost fitted Cox-Merz rule. These closely related with its conformation and molecular self-association behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Guanhe Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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20
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Structure, bioactivity and applications of natural hyperbranched polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115076. [PMID: 31427017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyperbranched polymers, especially the natural hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs), are receiving much attention due to their diverse biological activities and applications. With high degree of branching (DB), HBPSs mainly exist in the form of either a comb-brush shape, dendrimer-like particulate, or globular particle. HBPSs also possess some unique properties, such as high density, large spatial cavities, and numerous terminal functional groups, which distinguish them from other polymers. As a natural biopolymer, HBPS has excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which have versatile applications in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetic, and nanomaterials. In this review, the source and structure of HBPSs from plant, animal, microbial and fungal origins as well as their biological functions and applications are covered, with the aim of further advancing the research of their structure and bioactivity.
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21
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Mehmood S, Zhou LY, Wang XF, Cheng XD, Meng FJ, Wang Y, Lu YM, Chen Y. Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity of a novel heteroglycan from Tricholoma Lobayense. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1582659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shomaila Mehmood
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yuan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Hefei Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Du Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Ju Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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22
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Wei X, Cai L, Liu H, Tu H, Xu X, Zhou F, Zhang L. Chain conformation and biological activities of hyperbranched fucoidan derived from brown algae and its desulfated derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:86-96. [PMID: 30658835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fucoidan derived from marine brown algae has great potential in biomedical filed. Herein, the fucoidan was successfully isolated and purified by using chitosan microspheres, resulting in the sulfate fucoidan (CF) with degree of sulfation (DS) of 0.94. CF was identified to be highly branched, consisting of fucose (77.4%) and galactose (13.9%), etc., supported by the results of GCMS and light scattering with the structure-sensitive parameter of 0.98 in 0.15 M aqueous NaNO3. The individual CF and its desulfated derivative chains adopted sphere-like conformation in water, observed by atomic force microscopy. CF exhibited higher antiangiogenesis than the desulfated one and strong antileukemia activities through inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in vitro. This work provided important information that ester sulfate groups of polysaccharide played an important role in the enhancing of bioactivities of fucoidan, and put forward to a potential drug to treat acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liqin Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Honglei Tu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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23
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Lam KL, Ko KC, Li X, Ke X, Cheng WY, Chen T, You L, Kwan HS, Cheung PCK. In Vitro Infant Faecal Fermentation of Low Viscosity Barley β-Glucan and Its Acid Hydrolyzed Derivatives: Evaluation of Their Potential as Novel Prebiotics. Molecules 2019; 24:E828. [PMID: 30813540 PMCID: PMC6429510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley contains high level of β-1,3-1,4-glucans (BBGs) which can be fermented by microbes and are a potential prebiotic. In the present study, native BBG with low viscosity and a MW of 319 kDa was depolymerized by acid hydrolysis to produce a series of four structurally characterized fragments with MWs ranging from 6⁻104 kDa. In vitro fermentation of these BBG samples by infant faecal microbiome was evaluated using a validated deep-well plate protocol as parallel miniature bioreactors. Microbial taxa were identified using 16S amplicon sequencing after 40 h of anaerobic fermentation. Bioinformatics analysis including diversity indexes, predicted metagenomic KEGG functions and predicted phenotypes were performed on the sequenced data. Short chain fatty acids and dissolved ammonia were quantified and the SCFAs/NH₃ ratio was used to evaluate the eubiosis/dysbiosis potential. Correlation analysis showed that most of the parameters investigated showed a parabolic function instead of a monotonous function with the BBG samples having different MWs. Among the five BBGs, it was concluded that BBG with an intermediate MW of 28 kDa is the most promising candidate to be developed as a novel prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Lung Lam
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Kin-Chun Ko
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Xinxin Ke
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai-Yin Cheng
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hoi-Shan Kwan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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24
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Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang B, Ge M, Ng H, Niu Y, Liu L. Production, structure and morphology of exopolysaccharides yielded by submerged fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Structural characterization, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of a heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Luo D, Wang Z, Li Z, Yu XQ. Structure of an entangled heteropolysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl and its antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:921-928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Wang J, Nie S, Chen S, Phillips AO, Phillips GO, Li Y, Xie M, Cui SW. Structural characterization of an α-1, 6-linked galactomannan from natural Cordyceps sinensis. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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28
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Structure and conformation characterization of galactomannan from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Enzymatic purification and structure characterization of glucuronoxylan from water extract of Cassia obtusifolia seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1438-1446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Wei C, He P, He L, Ye X, Cheng J, Wang Y, Li W, Liu Y. Structure characterization and biological activities of a pectic polysaccharide from cupule of Castanea henryi. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:65-75. [PMID: 29248551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide (CHIP3) was fractionated from the natural cupule of Castanea henryi. It contained mannose (10.70%), rhamnose (8.70%), galacturonic acid (38.21%), galactose (13.75%) and arabinose (28.63%) with a molecular weight of 2.44 × 104 g/mol by multi-laser light scattering. The structure was elucidated by using FT-IR spectroscopy, methylation analysis and NMR analysis. Results showed that the backbone of CHIP3 consisted of 1, 4-α-linked d-GalpA residues containing the non-methyl-esterified carboxyl groups, interspersed with a few 1,2-α-l-Rhap units. Its side chains were attached by two branches to O-4 of Rhap with 1,4-β-linked d-Galp units and 1,5-α-l-linked Araf units bearing 3,5-substituted α-l-linked Araf residues as branching points. AFM data revealed it existed as a flexible chain in 0.1 M NaNO3 aqueous solution. Furthermore, CHIP3 was demonstrated to have notable antioxidant activity of FRAP, ABTS+ radical scavenging and reducing power. Cytotoxicity assay showed it displayed inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 242.6 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengfei He
- Department of Processing, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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31
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Li X, Zhou J, Liu C, Xiong Q, Duan H, Cheung PCK. Stable and Biocompatible Mushroom β-Glucan Modified Gold Nanorods for Cancer Photothermal Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9529-9536. [PMID: 28994280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring β-glucans have been widely regarded as a natural source for functional foods and pharmaceuticals due to their immunomodulatory property and antitumor activity. However, physicochemically stable and biocompatible β-glucans are rarely explored as a carrier for nanomaterials to overcome the problems of aggregation and nanotoxicity. Here, we developed highly stable and biocompatible mushroom β-glucan coated gold nanorods (AuNR-Glu) for cancer photothermal therapy by integrating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotial β-glucan (Glu) and plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) possessing photothermal property in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. AuNR-Glu showed high colloidal stability in various biological media, even in simulated gastric fluid. Moreover, AuNR-Glu had low cytotoxicity and high photothermal stability, which are excellent characteristics for photothermal agents for cancer therapy. In vitro experiments showed that AuNR-Glu nanohybrid was effective against MCF-7 (only 4.5 ± 0.9% viability) at a low dose of 20 μg/mL under NIR-II at a safe laser power density (0.75 W/cm2). Natural mushroom β-glucans are potential functional polymers that can be used to fabricate nanohybrids for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive 637457, Singapore
| | - Chaoran Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qirong Xiong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive 637457, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive 637457, Singapore
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Chen Y, Li XH, Zhou LY, Li W, Liu L, Wang DD, Zhang WN, Hussain S, Tian XH, Lu YM. Structural elucidation of three antioxidative polysaccharides from Tricholoma lobayense. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:484-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Owaid MN, Ibraheem IJ. Mycosynthesis of nanoparticles using edible and medicinal mushrooms. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis review distinguishes myco-nanotechnology using metallic nanoparticles (meta-NPs) synthesized from edible mushroom matter. Green chemistry approaches were attempted to myco-synthesize meta-NPs (viz., Ag-NP, Au-NP, Se-NP, CdS-NP, Fe-NP, Pa-NP, and ZnS-NP) via different routes using edible mushrooms and have been tested toward 79% biomedical and 21% industrial applications. Biomaterials were used as biofactors to form metallic NPs. In mushroom science, mycomaterials of mushrooms were used at different percentages to mycosynthesize in an ecofriendly/green way; mycomaterials such as crude extracts of basidocarp (53%), mycelial extract or free cell filtrate (28%), in crude form or in purified form such as polysaccharides at different percentages; 9% (especially glucan), proteins/enzymes (7%) and polysaccharides protein complex (3%) as new research lines. Generally, in this field of mushroom nanoparticles about 84% of mycosynthesized NPs using mushrooms are placed outside the fungal cell (extracellular) and 16% are intracellular in the mushroom hyphae. The knowledge of the performance and influence of meta-NPs in edible mushrooms has developed in the last 10 years. Generally, while
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Li Q, Wang W, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Yu P, Mao G, Zhao T, Feng W, Yang L, Wu X. Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity a novel Se-polysaccharide from Se-enriched Grifola frondosa. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 161:42-52. [PMID: 28189245 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Se-GFP-22, a heteropolysaccharide, with a weight-average Mw of 4.13×106Da, was purified from the crude Se-polysaccharide (Se-GFP) isolated from fruit bodies of Se-enriched Grifola frondosa. Selenium was accumulated efficiently in Grifola frondosa during cultivation with Na2SeO3. The structure was investigated through FT-IR, GC, GC-MS, NMR, HPSEC-MALL-RI, particle size, Conge-red test, CD, AFM and SEM. Se-GFP-22 was deduced as a backbone chain of 1,4-α-d-Glcp units with a branched point at C6 of both 1,3,6-β-d-Manp and 1,4,6-α-d-Galp units. A typical absorption for selenium ester was existed in Se-GFP-22. Se-GFP-22 adopted as a spherical conformation with random coils. A novel Se-polysaccharide of different monosaccharide constituents, molecular weight, linkage types and high content of selenium has been isolated from G. frondosa. The antioxidant effect of Se-GFP-22 was more potent than that of G. frondosa polysaccharide (GFP-22), which may be influenced by the co-effect of polysaccharide and Se, molecular weight, degree of branching and configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Structure elucidation of a non-branched and entangled heteropolysaccharide from Tremella sanguinea Peng and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen L, Cheng WN, Zhang BB, Cheung PCK. Structural and thermal analysis of a hyper-branched exopolysaccharide produced by submerged fermentation of mushroom mycelium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (PTR-EPS1) purified from the culture medium of the mycelial fermentation of Pleurotus tuber-regium had a weight-average molecular mass of 173.6 kDa and a radius of 55.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - W. N. Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - B. B. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - P. C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
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37
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Wei CY, Li WQ, Shao SS, He L, Cheng J, Han S, Liu Y. Structure and chain conformation of a neutral intracellular heteropolysaccharide from mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:728-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7893-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xiong Q, Jing Y, Li X, Zheng S, Wang X, Li S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Jiang D, Jiang C. Characterization and bioactivities of a novel purified polysaccharide from Endothelium corneum gigeriae Galli. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:324-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Preparation and structural characterization of a partially depolymerized beta-glucan obtained from Poria cocos sclerotium by ultrasonic treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Dai B, Yu LL. A novel alkaline hemicellulosic heteroxylan isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem and its thermal and anti-inflammatory properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2970-2978. [PMID: 25730469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel hemicellulosic polysaccharide (ACAP) was purified from the cold alkali extraction of alfalfa stems and characterized as a heteroxylan with a weight-average molecular weight of 7.94 × 10(3) kDa and a radius of 58 nm. Structural analysis indicated that ACAP consisted of a 1,4-linked β-D-Xylp backbone with 4-O-MeGlcpA and T-L-Araf substitutions at O-2 and O-3 positions, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the entangled chain morphology of ACAP molecules. The evaluation of thermal degradation property revealed a primary decomposition temperature range of 238.8-314.0 °C with an apparent activation energy (Ea) and a pre-exponential factor (A) of 220.0 kJ/mol and 2.81 × 10(24)/s, respectively. ACAP also showed significant inhibitory activities on IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expressions in cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. These results suggested the potential utilization of ACAP in functional foods and dietary supplement products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- §Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Shao P, Liu J, Chen X, Fang Z, Sun P. Structural features and antitumor activity of a purified polysaccharide extracted from Sargassum horneri. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 73:124-30. [PMID: 25450044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction (SHPSA) was obtained from Sargassum horneri by hot-water extraction and sequential purification of anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. SHPSA was found to be a neutral polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 5.78×10(5) Da and composed of T-D-Glcp, 1,3-D-Glcp, 1,6-D-Glcp and 1,3,6-D-Glcp in a molar percentage of 1.00:4.17:1.17:0.89, respectively. Based on the results from chemical analysis, NMR, and SHPSA was determined to be a glucan with β-(1→6) side chains linked to a β-(1→3) backbone with relatively few branch points. Moreover, SHPSA could inhibit the growth of human colon cancer DLD cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing the apoptosis of DLD cells. So, SHPSA was promising for future use as a natural antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845 WA, Australia
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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43
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Shao L, Wu Z, Tian F, Zhang H, Liu Z, Chen W, Guo B. Molecular characteristics of an exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KF5 in solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:1429-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Chen L, Cheung PCK. Mushroom dietary fiber from the fruiting body of Pleurotus tuber-regium: fractionation and structural elucidation of nondigestible cell wall components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2891-2899. [PMID: 24625260 DOI: 10.1021/jf500112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall of mushroom fruiting body is constituted of nondigestible macromolecules that are a rich source of dietary fiber with biological functions that are beneficial to human health. The cell wall components of an edible mushroom fruiting body from Pleurotus tuber-regium (PTR) were fractionated, and their chemical structures were investigated by chemical, physicochemical, and microscopic analyses. The present results suggest that the cell wall of the PTR mushroom fruiting body contains four main fractions: an outer fraction of polysaccharide and protein complex, which can be extracted using boiling water; a cold alkali-soluble fraction of heteropolysaccharides associated with a small amount of proteins; a hot alkali-soluble fraction of hyper-branched glucans; and an alkali-insoluble fraction of glucan-chitin complex with a normalized relative percentage of 3.6:21.9:55.7:18.8. The anomeric linkage of all the glucans was revealed by infrared spectroscopy to be β type. The structure of the major mushroom fruiting body cell wall polysaccharide (the hot alkali-soluble one, FHA-I) was elucidated by the methylation analysis to be composed of →1)-Glcp-(4→ linkages as the backbone with a 52% degree of branching consisting of →1)-Glcp-(6→ linkages in the side chains, whereas some →1)-Glcp-(3→ linkages might exist in the backbone or side chains. Size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering analysis revealed that FHA-I had a molecular weight of 4.224 × 10(6) g/mol and a root-mean-square radius of 30.4 nm. Both scanning electron and atomic force microscopy further showed the highly branched microstructure of FHA-I when dispersed in an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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